The Ring of Fire refers to the region around the Pacific Ocean that are commonly hit

by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

EARTHQUAKE is the shaking or ground vibration caused by large release of energy.

Why do earthquakes occur?

 Earthquakes occur when rocks along a fault suddenly move.

EARTHQUAKES ARE CLASSIFIED AS TECTONIC, OR VOLCANIC.

 TECTONIC EARTHQUAKES- The earthquake that is caused by the movement of the
earth’s crust
Tectonic plates are plates that make up the Earth's surface.
 VOLCANIC EARTHQUAKE-when earthquake is caused by volcanic eruption

fault is a break in the Earth’s crust along which significant movement has taken place.
crust -refers to the outermost layer of the Earth.
We live on the surface of the crust.
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Fun Facts about Earthquakes

1. The largest earthquake ever recorded in the world was in Chile in 1960
-(9.6 on the Richter Scale)
2. They can cause huge waves in the ocean called tsunamis
3. Earthquakes can happen in any kind of weather.
4. Almost 80% of all the planet's earthquakes occur along the rim of the Pacific Ocean,
called the "Ring of Fire"; a region that encircles the Pacific Ocean and is home to 452
volcanoes (over 75% of the world's active and dormant volcanoes).

5. The National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) records an average of 20,000

earthquakes every year (about 50 a day) around the world. There are, however,
millions of earthquakes estimated to occur every year that are too weak to be
recorded.

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Can scientists predict earthquakes? 

Unfortunately scientists cannot predict earthquakes. The best they can do today is point
out where fault lines are so we know where earthquakes are likely to occur. 
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Seismic Waves
• The energy released in an earthquake travels in waves.
• There are three types:
1. Primary waves (P waves)
-These waves arrive first
 -Move with a pushpull
-Compression waves- squeeze and stretch rock (Push and Pull)
-Can travel through any material- solid, liquids, and gases
-Travel the fastest
2. Secondary waves (S waves)

-These waves arrive second

-Move with a side-to-side motion
-Can travel only through solid material, not liquids or gases

-Travel a little more than half the speed of P waves

3. Surface waves (Love and Rayleigh)

- slowest
-Cause the mostmdamage
- Move with an up and down and side-to side motion

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Measuring Earthquakes
• Seismograph: Instrument used to measure an Earthquake

• Seismogram: The paper record of the Earthquake data (shaking)

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FOCUS (PLURAL-FOCI)- the point of origin of the earthquake.
-point below Earth’s surface where the rock breaks along a fault and
energy is released

EPICENTER- the point about the earth’s surface the point above the focus.
-where the shaking is strongest and most damage occurs
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EFFECTS OF EARTHQUAKE
1. Earthquakes can destroy lives and properties.
2. It can change land features.
3. Cracks in the ground may result from an earthquake.
4. Sand blows, small mound with craters are formed.
6. A tsunami, a Japanese word meaning a big wave, is formed originating from the
ocean floor due to an earthquake. A tsunami has the power to wipe out structures and
living organisms near the shore.
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On April 22, 2019, a 6.1 magnitude earthquake [5] struck the island of Luzon in
the Philippines, leaving at least 18 dead, 3 missing and injuring at least 256 others. Despite
the fact that the epicenter was in Zambales, most of the damage to infrastructure occurred in
the neighboring province of Pampanga, which suffered damage to 29 buildings and
structures
As of April 29, 2019, the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council
confirmed 18 deaths, 3 people missing and 256 injuries.[3] Of the 18 reported dead, 5 were
reported in the collapsed Chuzon Supermarket in the municipality of Porac, 7 were reported
elsewhere in the town, 2 in Lubao, 1 in Angeles City, and 1 in San Marcelino, Zambales.[8]