Address Types (RFC4291)

2000::/3 Global unicast

IPv6 Cheatsheet ::/128

::1/128
Unspecified
Loopback
ff00::/8 Multicast
IPv6 Protocol header (RFC2460) fe80::/10 Link-Local unicast
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ fc00::/7 Unique Local (RFC4193)
|Version| Traffic Class | Flow Label |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Payload Length | Next Header | Hop Limit |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
Reserved Ranges
+ +
| | ::/0 Default Route
+ Source Address +
|
+
|
+
::ffff:0:0/96 IPv4-mapped Addresses (RFC4291)
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ 2001::/32 Teredo Tunneling (RFC4380)
| |
+ + 2001:db8::/32 Documentation (RFC3849)
| |
+
|
Destination Address +
|
2002::/16 6to4 (RFC3056)
+ +
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

Version(4-bit) Always set to 6 Multicast Ranges (RFC4291)

Traffic Class(8-bit) A DSCP value for QoS ff01::/16 Interface-Local scope
Flow Label(20-bit) Identifies unique flows ff02::/16 Link-Local scope
Payload Length(16-bit) Length of the payload in bytes ff04::/16 Admin-Local scope
Next Header(8-bit) Header or protocol which follows ff05::/16 Site-Local scope
Hop Limit (8-bits) Similar to IPv4's time to live field
ff08::/16 Organisation-Local scope
Source Address (128-bit) Source IP address
Destination Address(128-bit)Dest. IP addresses ff0e::/16 global scope

Extension Headers (RFC2460) Link-Local Multicast Addresses

+---------------+----------------+-----------------+-----------------
| IPv6 header | Routing header | Fragment header | fragment of TCP
ff02::1 All Nodes (RFC4291)
| | | | header + data
| Next Header = | Next Header = | Next Header = | ff02::2 All Routers (RFC4291)
| Routing | Fragment | TCP |
+---------------+----------------+-----------------+----------------- ff02::5 OSPF (RFC5340)
Hop-by-Hop Options (0) ff02::6 OSPF DR (RFC5340)
Routing (43) ff02::c SSDP (no RFC)
Fragment (44) ff02::16 MLDv2 (RFC3810)
Destination Options (60) ff02::1:2 All DHCP Agents and Servers
Authentication (51) ff02::1:3 LLMNR (RFC4795)
Encapsulating Security Payload (50) ff02::1:ffxx:xxxx Solicited-Node Address (RFC4291)

Text Representation of Addresses Interface ID

(RFC5952) Used to identify Interfaces on a link
XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX:XXXX Always 64 Bits long (RFC4291)
X Hexadecimal Digit, 4 Bits (0-9, a-f) 48-Bit Ethernet MAC-Address to EUI-64 Mapping
: separates “Hextets” (4 Hex Digits)
Notation Rules
 Eliminate leading zeros in all Hextets
 Longest sequence of 2 or more Hextets of zeros
is replaced by :: (used only once)
 Hex characters are represented in lowercase ("a", Privacy Extensions (RFC4941)
"b", "c", "d", "e", and "f") Genereate additional random Interface ID (Temporary
Examples Address) which is renewed frequently.
fe80::1 Address is used for Internet connections to hide the
ff02::1:ff52:b0eb MAC Address
2001:620:100:10a0:c87e:39ff:fe4b:8645
A Node’s required Addresses (RFC4291)
Address Assignment (RFC6177)  Link-local address per interface
 All configured unicast addresses
 Loopback address
 All nodes multicast address
 Solicited node multicast address per unicast
address
 Multicast address for all member groups
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration – Stateful DHCPv6 Service (RFC3315)
SLAAC (RFC4862)  Used to provide DHCP Service to IPv6 nodes
 DHCPv6 Server manages client addresses
 Routers must set “m-Flag” in ICMPv6 RA
messages

1. Client creates own link-local unicast address

with link-local prefix and EUI-64 Interface ID
2. Clients sends ICMPv6 Router-Solicitation to
All-Routers link-local multicast Address
3. Router replies with ICMPv6 Router-
Advertisement, containing the links global
routing prefix
4. Client create own global unicast address with
1. Client sends ICMPv6 RS to all-routers address
global routing prefix and EUI-64 Interface ID
2. Upon detecting the m-flag, the client sends a
5. Client performs duplicate address detection
DHCPv6 SOLICIT to the all-dhcpv6-servers
against the newly created address
link-local multicast address
3. DHCPv6 Server relies with a DHCPv6
Duplicate Address Detection – DAD
ADVERTISE message offering a global
(RFC4862) unicast address
4. Client requests the offered address sending a
DHCPv6 REQUEST message
5. Server acknowledges address assignment
1. Client sends ICMPv6 Neighbor Discovery to with DHCPv6 REPLY message
his own solicited Node link-local multicast
address, expecting no response DNS Server as an RA Option – RDNSS
2. If a host responds, the client need to create
(RFC6106)
another unicast address

Stateless DHCPv6 Service (RFC3736)

 Used to provide DNS Servers to clients
 No client addresses are manged
 Routers must set “o-Flag” in ICMPv6 RA
messages 1. Client sends ICMPv6 RS to all-routers address
2. Router replies with ICMPv6 RA message
containing global routing prefix and DNS
information using an option field

Neighbor Discovery Protocol – NDP

(RFC4861)
 Used to map IPv6 addresses and Ethernet
MAC addresses
 Replaces Addess Resolution Protocol (ARP)

1. Client sends ICMPv6 RS to all-routers address

2. Upon detecting the o-flag, the client sends a
DHCPv6 REQUEST to the all-dhcpv6-servers
link-local multicast address
3. DHCPv6 Server relies with a DHCPv6 REPLY
message containing DNS servers and names
1. Host 1 sends ICMPv6 Neighbor Solicitation to
solicited node multicast address
2. Host 2 replies with ICMPv6 Neighbor
Advertisement containing his Ethernet MAC
address