Daniel Trevino

AP US History 2nd

12/06/10

US History Final Exam Review I

 Key Events from WWI (10)
o 1914 July: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
o 1914 August: Germany declares war on Russia, then on France, then invades Belgium.
o 1914 August / September: The battles of Tannenberg and the Marne lead to stalemate.
o 1915 February / December: Failure of Allied attacks on the Dardanelles and Gallipoli.
o 1915 May: Italy enters the war on the side of the Allies.
o 1916 May / June: Naval battle of Jutland.
o 1917 February: Germany resumes “unrestricted” submarine warfare.
o 1917 February and October: Russian revolutions.
o 1918 March to July: German attacks on Western Front fail.
o 1918 September: Battle of Megiddo (Palestine).

 Herbert Hoover- was the 31st President of the United States (1929–1933). Hoover was a
professional mining engineer and author. When the Wall Street Crash of 1929 struck
less than eight months after he took office, Hoover tried to combat the ensuing Great
Depression with volunteer efforts, none of which produced economic recovery during
his term.

 Henry Cabot Lodge- was an American statesman, a Republican politician, and a noted
historian. While he did not claim the title, he is considered to be the first Senate
majority leader.

 Warren G. Harding- was the 29th President of the United States, serving from 1921 until
his death from a heart attack in 1923. A Republican from Ohio, Harding was an
influential newspaper publisher. He served in the Ohio Senate and later as the 28th
Lieutenant Governor of Ohio and as a U.S. Senator.

 Collective Security- can be understood as a security arrangement in which all states

cooperate collectively to provide security for all by the actions of all against any states
 within the groups which might challenge the existing order by using sanctions and force.
While collective security is possible, several prerequisites have to be met for it to work.

 Conscription- is the compulsory enrollment of people to some sort of public service,

most often military service. Conscription dates back to antiquity and continues in some
countries to the present day under various names. Used by the Royal Navy between
1664 and 1814, it was called impressment, or "the press".

 “Normalcy”- was United States presidential candidate Warren G. Harding’s campaign

promise in the election of 1920.

 Zimmerman Note- the British intercepted a German letter to Mexico in February of

1917. German foreign secretary Zimmerman wrote that when the U.S. joined the Allies,
Mexico could attack the U.S. and recover the land that had been given up in the Treaty
of Guadalupe-Hidalgo and Texas. This lead to the U.S. declaration of war.

 Fourteen Points- a speech delivered by United States President Woodrow Wilson to a

joint session of Congress on January 8, 1918. The address was intended to assure the
country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in
Europe.

 League of Nations- was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the

Treaty of Versailles in 1919–1920.. At its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to 23
February 1935, it had 58 members. The League's primary goals, as stated in its
Covenant, included preventing war through collective security, disarmament, and
settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.

 Committee on Public Information- was an independent agency of the government of the

United States created to influence U.S. public opinion regarding American participation
in World War I. Over just 28 months, from April 13, 1917, to August 21, 1919, it used
every medium available to create enthusiasm for the war effort and enlist public
support against foreign attempts to undercut America's war aims.

 Espionage & Sedition Acts- The Espionage Act of 1917 is a United States federal law
passed on June 15, 1917, shortly after the U.S. entry into World War I. It prohibited any
attempt to interfere with military operations, to support America's enemies during
wartime, to promote insubordination in the military, or to interfere with military
recruitment. The Sedition Act of 1918 was an Act of the United States Congress signed
 into law by President Woodrow Wilson on May 16, 1918. It forbade the use of "disloyal,
profane, scurrilous, or abusive language" about the United States government.

 Schenk v. United States- In this 1919 case, the Supreme Court ruled that the Sedition
Acts were constitutional because the right of free speech was not always absolute.
Schenck, who had been arrested for anti-draft leaflets, had challenged the law with the
1st Amendment. It was ruled that criticism that threatened the war effort should be
suppresed.

 Industrial Workers of the World- is an international union. At its peak in 1923, the
organization claimed some 100,000 members in good standing, and could marshal the
support of perhaps 300,000 workers.

 War Industries Board- was a United States government agency established on July 28,
1917, during World War I, to coordinate the purchase of war supplies.

 Nineteenth Amendment- prohibits each state and the federal government from denying
any citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's sex. It was ratified on August 18,
1920.

 Eighteenth Amendment- along with the Volstead Act, which defined "intoxicating
liquors" excluding those used for religious purposes and sales throughout the U.S.,
established Prohibition in the United States. Its ratification was certified on January 16,
1919.

 Bolsheviks- were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP)
which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.

 Doughboys- is an informal term for an American soldier, especially members of the

American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) in World War I. The term dates back to the
Mexican–American War of 1846–48.

 Big Four- These were the four men that were responsible for creating the peace after
WWI. They were President Woodrow Wilson of the United States (right), Prime Minister
David Lloyd George of Great Britain, Premier Vittorio Orlando of Italy, and Premier
Georges Clemenceau of France (left).
 Irreconcilables- This was a group of 16 Republicans that refused to support any type of
League of Nations.

 Treaty of Versailles- France was given the Alsace-Lorraine territory and the right to
occupy the Saar territory for 15 years. The German Rhineland area would be
demilitarized. England and the U.S. would protect France. Importantly, Germany was
give full responsibility for the war and was forced to pay $37 billion for the war.