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Quiz of Nutrition

1) According to you, what is nutrition?

Nutrition is the process of consuming, absorbing, and using nutrients needed by the body
for growth, development, and maintenance of life. Nutrition is a critical part of health and
development, better nutrition is related to improved infant, child and maternal health,
stronger immune systems, safer pregnancy and childbirth, lower risk of non-communicable
diseases (such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease), and longevity.
2) What are the causes of Malnutrition in Elderly?
Malnutrition in the elderly is a serious condition when the nutritional needs of the elderly
do not match their food intake. This condition can also be referred to as malnutrition or
unbalanced nutrition in the elderly, which the cause of malnutrition is not getting enough
nutrients, excess nutrition or getting more nutrients than needed.
3) What are the classifications of malnutrition in elderly based on BMI (WHO,2006)?
a) Being underweight can increase the risk of disease in elderly. The reason is, weight
loss can make muscle mass shrink or is called sarcopenia. This syndrome is
characterized by a reduction in muscle mass and overall muscle strength and is often
associated with a risk of physical disability, decreased quality of life and even death.
b) Maintaining a balanced weight plays an important role in the health of your parents.
The elderly, especially those who are 65 years of age and over, should not be
overweight or underweight.
c) Being overweight or obese is defined as the result of an imbalance between energy
intake and energy used to carry out metabolic and physical functions of the body.
Obesity is a health problem that must be considered because it can increase the risk of
dangerous diseases in the elderly such as hypertension, dyslipidemia (high cholesterol),
diabetes, and heart disease.
4) Please explain the pathophysiology of malnutrition in elderly!
The pathophysiology of malnutrition in elderly is when a person getting old or advancing
age, so more likely for the organs of the body will decline and getting bigger, the function
 of the organs will decrease much as one percent annually after the age of 30, the functional
decline of these organs will cause more and it is easy to develop health problems in the
elderly. The nutritional problem often occurs in the elderly is also influenced by a number
of changes physiological
5) Mention sign and symptoms of Malnutrition in Elderly!
 Common signs of malnutrition include:
 Unplanned weight loss
 Feeling weak or tired
 Loss of appetite, not only on food, but also lack of interest in drinking
 Swelling or fluid accumulation
 Eating only a small amount at a time
 Often falls ill and takes a long time to recover
 It takes a long time to heal from the wound
 The elderly gets cold easily
 Bad mood and depression
6) Why we are suggested to divide the food portion in elderly into several small portion?
Divide food portions (according to daily nutritional needs), into several small meals and
snacks so that it is easier for the elderly to finish them.
7) How many elderly that suffer malnutrition based on the research conduct by Boy (2019)?
Based on research conducted by Boy (2019), it shows that the nutritional status of the
elderly who have the most risk of malnutrition is 59.2%, who are malnourished as much as
3,2%.
8) Mention 4 risk factor of malnutrition in elderly based on the research conduct by Ahmad
(2020)!
1. Family income: family income can determine the level of consumption in a small unit
or in the whole economy, income affects the number of goods consumed.
2. Family support: family support is one of the reinforcing factors that greatly influence a
person’s attitudes and behavior.
3. Depression: Depression is a widespread problem among the elderly, but often cannot
be properly recognized or detected in the elderly.
 4. Diseases history: the elderly has potential at risk of experiencing various of health
problems due to decreased the body functions
9) Mention the socioeconomic factors that can lead into malnutrition in elderly!
a. Generally, the elderly is no longer working, so they can experience economic
difficulties and have to save on food costs.
b. Isolation factors or being away from family and friends can reduce appetite
10) Mention 3 diseases or health problems that may occur in the elderly with malnutrition!
 Increases the risk of pressure ulcers (pressure sores)
 Old wound healing
 Decreased muscle mass and increases the risk of fractures or fractures