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Symbols:
Logical operators:
𝑝 ∧ 𝑞 means: 𝑝 and 𝑞 𝑝 ⟺ 𝑞 means: 𝑝 is equivalent to 𝑞 or 𝑝 if and only if 𝑞
𝑝 ∨ 𝑞 means: 𝑝 or 𝑞 ~𝑝 means: not 𝑝
𝑝 ⟹ 𝑞 means: 𝑝 implies 𝑞
Quantifiers : Universal quantifier ∀ means “for all”; Existential quantifier ∃ means “there exist(s)”.
Intervals: (𝑎, 𝑏) open interval from 𝑎 to 𝑏; [𝑎, 𝑏] closed interval
Remarks
𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∪ 𝐵 ⟺ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∨ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵),
𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 ⟺ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐵),
𝑥 ∈ 𝐴\𝐵 ⟺ (𝑥 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑥 ∉ 𝐵),
𝑥 ∈ 𝐴𝑐 ⟺ (𝑥 ∈ 𝑋 ∧ 𝑥 ∉ 𝐴),
Complement to 𝐴 contains all elements of 𝑋 not belonging to 𝐴. According to definition: 𝐴 ∪ 𝐴𝑐 = 𝑋
and 𝐴 ∩ 𝐴𝑐 = ∅. An alternative symbol for 𝐴𝑐 is 𝐴′ .
Sets 𝐴, 𝐵 ⊂ 𝑋 for which 𝐴 ∩ 𝐵 = ∅ (𝐴, 𝐵 having no elements in common) are called disjoint or
mutually exclusive.
𝐴∪𝐵 =
𝐴∩𝐵 =
𝐴\𝐵 =
𝐵\𝐴 =
𝐴𝑐 =
𝐵𝑐 =
𝐴∪𝐵 =
𝐴∩𝐵 =
𝐴\𝐵 =
𝐵\𝐴 =
𝐴𝑐 =
𝐵𝑐 =