You are on page 1of 2

No, this story is not about space travel.

It is about the naming of elements,


specifically, selenium, discovered by the Swedish chemist Jons Jacob
Berzelius in 1817. He named it after Selene, the Goddess of the Moon. One
might therefore assume that selenium has some connection to the moon, but
it doesn’t. The element has no lunar link, but on earth, selenium-bearing
minerals are often found together with tellurium-bearing minerals. When
Berzelius discovered selenium, tellurium was already known, and had been
named after Tellus, the Roman Goddess of the Earth. Since tellurium and
selenium seemed to go together, just like the Earth and the Moon, Berzelius
named the new element after the moon goddess.  
Selenium is a very rare element in the earth’s crust, but an important one.
There are no selenium mines, the element is obtained as a byproduct when
ores of copper, sulfur, iron or lead are mined. Due to its semiconductor
properties, selenium finds extensive use in the manufacture of transistors. It
is also a photoconductor, meaning that it can change light energy into
electrical energy, a property that is extensively used in the photocopying
industry. Trace amounts of selenium are also added to glass to give it clarity,
and larger amounts can be added to achieve a ruby red colour.   
Selenium is even found in the human body, incorporated into various
enzymes. A prime example is glutathione peroxidase, responsible for
eliminating hydrogen peroxide, a potentially dangerous substance formed
during normal metabolic processes. If the peroxide is not eliminated, it can
end up being converted to nasty free radicals that can wreak havoc with
health. Selenium therefore is an essential trace element that must be acquired
from the diet. We don’t need much of it, the total body load is only about 14
milligrams, and all we need is about 65 micrograms a day to prevent
deficiency. Since selenium is widespread in foods, with whole wheat, Brazil
nuts, fish and peanuts being particularly rich, deficiency is unlikely, but not
impossible.   
Studies have suggested that people living in areas where the soil has
relatively little selenium, as in parts of the Southern U.S., may indeed be
deficient, and may even be more prone to certain cancers, such as prostate,
because of a lack of detoxicating enzymes that rely on selenium. Some
researchers recommend a daily supplement of about 100 micrograms, but
there is no evidence that people who follow this regimen have lower cancer
rates. Large doses of selenium, although certainly not the amounts found in
supplements, can produce an objectionable garlic-like breath odour. In fact
Berzelius, selenium’s discoverer, was alerted to this by his housekeeper who
complained to the master about his bad breath. He was probably emitting
dimethyl selenium that formed in his body from transdermal absorption of
the selenium compounds with which he was working.

You might also like