1. Basically, the curriculum is a tool to achieve educational goals.

Meanwhile, textbooks are learning

tools used in schools to support a learning program. Therefore, the existence of curriculum and
textbooks is always close and related. Or, in other words, the curriculum is like cooking recipes and
textbooks are the ingredients used to process the food. In this case, the processor or cook is the
teacher. However, the curriculum is not all-determining. In the KTSP curriculum, for example, whose
development is carried out entirely by schools, it still requires interpretation, explanation, details, and
integration of the competencies, learning outcomes, indicators, and main materials listed in the
curriculum. In writing textbooks, writers still need to compile a syllabus, determine learning methods,
look for materials that are by the competencies to be achieved, and determine how to present materials
that are appropriate for children's development. With these circumstances, the greater the
responsibility of a textbook writer to describe the curriculum in the form of a syllabus. In addition, the
author needs to understand correctly the foundations and directions used in the preparation of the
curriculum so that its interpretation and development in the form of textbooks can be accounted for
from various aspects.

2. In line with the rapid development of information and communication technology, the demands of
language learning in this millennial era not only require mastery of reading, writing, and arithmetic skills
but also mastery of digital technology supported by communication skills and analytical skills. Mastery
of digital literacy in the context of learning can streamline, facilitate, and strengthen educational
processes and outcomes. In this context, mastery of digital literacy enables learners to improve
cognitive, affective, and psychomotor competencies through better, faster, easier, and more enjoyable
learning activities.

Advantages of Digital Books

1. Practical

The first advantage is that this electronic book is practical, because it is not physical, so it is enough to
store it on a smartphone or flash drive and laptop.

2. Save Space

Considering this electronic book does not have a physical, because it is in softcopy form and is not
printed on paper. Then save space, because you no longer need to provide space to store your
collection of books. All are already stored on the device used to read them.

3. Easy Access

Thanks to the form that does not have a physical form and is in the form of softcopy, electronic books
are then easy to access. That is, it can be read or opened on various types of devices. Starting from a
smartphone, then it can also be opened on PCs and laptops where applications are available to open the
electronic book format.

4. Economical

Electronic books that are often found on the internet come in two versions, namely free and paid
versions.

5. Eco-Friendly

The paper used to print the book comes from tree trunks which are processed in such a way by the
factory. The more books that are printed on paper, the more trees on earth are cut down. This
certainly encourages deforestation and global warming.

Disadvantages of Digital Books

1. Requires Device

The first drawback or drawback of e-books is that they require a device. Its non-physical nature makes
it only open on special devices. So that it cannot be accessed by those who do not have a device, it
could be because they have not bought it, the device is damaged, and so on.

2. Impact on Eye Health

The need for electronic books to be accessed on electronic devices such as smartphones and computers
then hurts health. Staring at smartphones and computer screens for too long can make your eyes dry
and tired quickly.

3. Prone to Piracy

Authors who decide to publish books in digital format also have a high risk of piracy. Because when one
buyer gets the book in its entirety, then there is a possibility that this buyer will resell it to the wider
community and of course at a cheaper price. This is possible because the digital format makes e-books
easy to share. So the risk of book piracy is quite high and the authors need to understand the best
solution.

3. in the use of textbooks, sometimes teachers do not do it, prepare lesson plans, teachers have
difficulty adjusting basic competencies and indicators, and reduce them to learning objectives, and tend
to highlight only one lesson content. During the implementation of learning, teachers have difficulty
developing material, and teacher mastery in scientific and contextual learning is also still lacking, in
addition to teacher assessments, teachers lack mastery of techniques, especially in classroom practice.
Then the factors that cause these problems come from the demands of the curriculum itself. This is due
to the renewal of textbooks consisting of teacher and student books, complicated assessment
techniques and procedures, and the incompatibility of the material contained in the book with the
surrounding environment, and the use of inappropriate language in learning that takes place in the
classroom, for example, English lessons. but the most widely used language is Indonesian. And the
efforts made by the teacher in overcoming these problems are conducting discussions with fellow
schools. In addition, the teacher tries to find other references from outside the textbook provided by
the government to be more effective in dealing with problems in the classroom during learning.

4. TEACHER-MADE MATERIALS.

The material made by ordinary teachers is a more detailed explanation and according to the needs of
students from existing textbooks. And that's because, in the curriculum or syllabus, textbooks are only
written in outline. And the teacher is tasked with describing more fully and clearly so that there are no
mistakes in students. Teaching materials generally consist of knowledge, skills, and attitudes that
students need to learn to achieve predetermined competency standards. With that, teachers can
recreate and develop existing teaching materials by existing textbooks but become more detailed and
can be understood by students and certainly not out of the provisions of the syllabus and curriculum. In
detail, the types of teaching materials consist of knowledge (facts, concepts, principles, and procedures),
skills, and attitudes or values. By applying the teaching materials that have been developed by the
teacher, it is hoped that an alternative can be obtained for teachers in delivering learning materials so
that the learning process will run more optimally and vary and in the end learning outcomes and student
activities are also expected to increase.

And several benefits can be obtained if a teacher or lecturer develops their teaching materials, namely:
first, obtaining teaching materials that are by the learning needs of students or students, second, no
longer relying on textbooks which are sometimes difficult to obtain, third, teaching materials become
richer because it was developed using various references, fourth, increasing the repertoire of knowledge
and experience of teachers or students. lecturers in writing teaching materials, fifth, teaching materials
will be able to build effective learning communication between teachers/lecturers and
students/students because students will feel more confident in teachers or lecturers.

While the MATERIALS ARE READY

Ready materials are textbooks published by publishers and offered to educational institutions. And this
textbook is a book designed and compiled by experts who buy what is needed by educational
institutions. In every school sometimes the textbooks are different from each other, even though they
are in the same high school. Because schools take textbooks from different publishers. And textbooks
are easy to find in bookstores. And students are very facilitated in reading this textbook.

And this book sometimes does not meet the needs of students.

So, both ready-made materials and teacher-made materials, have their respective advantages and can
also be adapted to their individual needs.
5. In the world of education, foreign language teaching, for example, understanding the culture of the
target language speakers is common. Therefore, language learners, there is no reason not to realize the
importance of cultural literacy of the target language, such as understanding the culture of speech acts,
how to praise people (express gratitude), ask (make request), agree and disagree and so on. . The
procedures and ethics of speaking in each language are different, such as intonation, speech style,
expressions and including gestures. Effective and fluent communication will be created by mastering
the culture of the speakers of the language. And Learning a language is learning its culture. Linguistic
competence is not enough to understand the language of a nation or group of people. Therefore,
intercultural competence plays a very significant role in the process of mastering a foreign language.
These intercultural competencies include understanding geography, work, entertainment, historical
events, personality, manners, or even body language. Not only that, mastery of vocabulary and
grammar will be easy when foreign language learners understand the socio-cultural norms of the
speakers. Ignorance of the culture will cause problems. The literal translation of foreign language
words, for example, will be problematic when the cultural context is not understood by the translator.
Another example, a student studying in a country where the official language is English because he does
not understand the culture, ends up being confused about responding to the question, "What's up?", he
tries to answer the question, even though the question culturally does not need to be answered,
because, for them, the question is just an opening sentence. Therefore, for communication to be more
effective, foreign language learners must not only have linguistic competence, but also intercultural
competence.

6. the quality of textbooks in Indonesia is still quite low. this is inseparable from the learning

process that the writers go through. and sometimes textbooks with substandard quality are written by
academics who have gone through a poor educational process. In addition, the lack of instructional
materials also plays a role in this. There is also the possibility that instructional materials have often
been given, but are inadequate and not suitable for the application. and this has resulted in poor
textbooks in Indonesia. and not by the needs of students.

7. Curriculum changes occur due to the following changes in the political, socio-cultural, economic and
science, and technology systems in society. Curriculum changes also occur because the previously
existing curricula still have many shortcomings that must be corrected immediately. Because the
curriculum does not change and keeps up with existing developments, the education system in
Indonesia will only produce students who have limited knowledge in dealing with changes in the world.
Every curriculum change in Indonesia must have its purpose, but this change also has positive and
negative impacts for both teachers and students, because it is the teachers and students who will run
and implement the curriculum. The positive impact: With curriculum changes, teachers will be even
more creative in delivering learning materials by using new methods and media that can support the
learning process. As for the negative impact, it is more focused on the readiness of teachers and
students in accepting the curriculum changes that occur. Where here the teacher must always be ready
and able to master any curriculum changes in a relatively short period, while for students, curriculum
changes can make students feel burdened with increasing the number of subjects or increasing time in
the learning process where not all students can accept curriculum changes. it quickly.
8. English For Specific Purposes (ESP) or English for special purposes is a new approach in teaching and
using English for special fields and studies that are by the needs of the fields of science and professions
that use English. The fields of science and profession are for example English for law, medicine,
engineering. Thus, teaching English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has a different approach and
assumptions. and usually, ESP is designed and designed for students with intermediate and high-level
levels, however, some ESP courses also allow for beginner-level learners. For example chemistry
students, then they must understand English for chemistry, or if they are engineering students, they
must know English for engineering, or if they work in hospitality, then they must master hospitality
English, if they are maritime students, then they must master maritime English. While the General
English Program is a program designed to train course participants to communicate in English for
general purposes. With a communicative approach, students are expected to be able to communicate
in English fluently and confidently. and what is learned in this case is learning English skills and features
such as Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing as well as Grammar and Vocabulary.

9. What I got from this course is that I can more or less distinguish between good and suitable textbooks
for students and also know what a good textbook is, how to develop it. and here I get provisions if I
become a teacher in the future.

10. A. already
B.