NO TOUCH HAND WASHING PRODUCT DESIGN

By

Alazar Workneh

Literature

Before drafting this product design I have been working on two different product designs. The
first project was aimed to work with IR type of sensor which failed due to sun light interference and
distortion. And I have changed the type of sensor I used before ant set ultrasonic sensor type to
work with my design but also failed due to the sensor can easily be affected by moisture.
Methodology

The product design has classified to three basic electronic elements. This are basically electronic
circuit board, appropriate program code and mechanical cease. Each are classified and explained as
follow

Electronic circuit board

this part of the design consist of from electronic component selection up to configuring the
components to achieve the desired result. Electronic circuit design was excited by one of the strong
window software called Eagle. This software has the ability to design from simple electronic circuit
to the most complex electronic circuits like mobile phone and computers. Also the design is
simulated using strong window software called Protues. After the simulation i have printed the
circuit and cheeked its functionality. The overall working flow of the system is controlled using liner
controller system. Its is drown ass follow

Hand presence signal detected by PIC PIC send open command

PIC send close command Absence of hand Valve opens

Electronic Components used in the circuit are as follow

ATMega328p microcontroller

This IC used here as an electronic controlled for the product. The PIC has 14 digital and 6 analog I/O
pins. I have used only 3 analogue pins. Analogue pin 1 generates signal to the IR transmitter and the
and analogue pin 2 reads IR signal from the transmitter and the analogue pin 3 send command
signal.

High performance, low power AVR® 8-bit microcontroller

● Advanced RISC architecture
● 131 powerful instructions – most single clock cycle execution
● 32 at 8 general purpose working registers
● Fully static operation
● Up to 16MIPS throughput at 16MHz
● On-chip 2-cycle multiplier
● High endurance non-volatile memory segments
● 32K bytes of in-system self-programmable flash program memory
● 1Kbytes EEPROM
● 2Kbytes internal SRAM
● Write per erase cycles: 10,000 flash per 100,000 EEPROM
● Optional boot code section with independent lock bits
● In-system programming by on-chip boot program
● True read-while-write operation
● Programming lock for software security
● Peripheral features
● Two 8-bit Timer/Counters with separate pre-scelar and compare mode
● One 16-bit Timer/Counter with separate pre-scaler, compare mode, and capture Mode
● Real time counters with separate oscillator
● Six PWM channels
● 8-channel 10-bit ADC in TQFP and QFN/MLF package
● Temperature measurement
● Programmable serial USART
● Master/slave SPI serial interface
● Byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface (Phillips I2C compatible)
● Programmable watchdog timer with separate on-chip oscillator
● On-chip analogue comparator
● Interrupt and wake-up on pin change
● Special microcontroller features
● Power-on reset and programmable brown-out detection
● Internal calibrated oscillator
● External and internal interrupt sources
● six sleep modes: Idle, ADC noise reduction, power-save, power-down, standby,
And extended standby

● I/O and packages

● 23 programmable I/O lines
● 32-lead TQFP and 32-pad QFN/MLF
● Operating voltage:
● 2.7V to 5.5V for ATmega328P
● Temperature range:
● Automotive temperature range: –40°C to +125°C
● Speed grade:
● 0 to 8MHz at 2.7 to 5.5V (automotive temperature range: –40°C to +125°C)
● 0 to 16MHz at 4.5 to 5.5V (automotive temperature range: –40°C to +125°C)
● Low power consumption
● Active mode: 1.5mA at 3V - 4MHz

Pin Descriptions
VCC
Digital supply voltage.

GND
Ground.
Port B (PB7:0) XTAL1/XTAL2/TOSC1/TOSC2

Port B is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
Port B output buffers have Symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, port B pins that are externally pulled. Low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The Port B pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if
the clock is not running. Depending on the clock selection fuse settings, PB6 can be used as input to
the inverting oscillator amplifier and input to the internal clock operating circuit. Depending on the
clock selection fuse settings, PB7 can be used as output from the inverting oscillator amplifier. If the
internal calibrated RC oscillator is used as chip clock source, PB7..6 is used as TOSC2..1 input for the
asynchronous Timer/Counter2 if the AS2 bit in ASSR is set. The various special features of port B are
elaborated
Port C (PC5:0)

Port C is a 7-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
PC5..0 output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, Port C pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The port C pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if
the clock is not running.
PC6/RESET
If the RSTDISBL fuse is programmed, PC6 is used as an input pin. If the RSTDISBL fuse is un
programmed, PC6 is used as a reset input. A low level on this pin for longer than the minimum pulse
length will generate a reset, even if the clock is not running. The minimum pulse length is given in .
Shorter pulses are not guaranteed to generate a reset. The various special features of port C are
elaborated.
Port D (PD7:0)
Port D is an 8-bit bi-directional I/O port with internal pull-up resistors (selected for each bit). The
port D output buffers have symmetrical drive characteristics with both high sink and source
capability. As inputs, port D pins that are externally pulled low will source current if the pull-up
resistors are activated. The port D pins are tri-stated when a reset condition becomes active, even if
the clock is not running. The various special features of port D are elaborated.
AVCC
AVCC is the supply voltage pin for the A/D converter, PC3:0, and ADC7:6. It should be externally
connected to VCC, even if the ADC is not used. If the ADC is used, it should be connected to VCC
through a low-pass filter. Note that PC6..4 use digital supply voltage, VCC.
AREF
AREF is the analogue reference pin for the A/D converter
Capacitor(10uf and 4.7uf)

Here electrolyte type of capacitor is used. The 10uf capacitor installed between this GND pin and
RESET pin prevents the microcontroller from resetting while heavy duty are applied or electric
supply fluctuation has occurred. The 4.7uf capacitor installed between Vcc and GND will filter small
distortion signal from interring to the microcontroller.

TIP42C transistor

This high power transistor will control the RELAY circuit which intern controlled by the PIC

Features
■ Complementary PNP-NPN devices
■ New enhanced series
■ High switching speed
■ hFE grouping
■ hFE improved linearity
Applications
■ General purpose circuits
■ Audio amplifier
■ Power linear and switching
Description
The TIP41C is a base island technology NPN power transistor in TO-220 plastic package that make
this device suitable for audio, power linear and switching applications. The complementary PNP type
is TIP42C.
Absolute maximum rating.

Electrical characteristics at 25 degree Celsius.

Relay (5v coil)

This relay accepts command from the TIP42C transistor and intern commands the solenoid valve.

Solenoid valve(12v coil with 0.2-0.8psi)

This valve is commanded by the relay and controlled the flow of water. Its fittings are half inch.

Description

Control the flow of fluid using the flow of electrons! This liquid valve would make a great addition to
your robotic gardening project. There are two 1/2" (Nominal non-taped National Pipe) outlets.
Normally, the valve is closed. When 12VDC is applied to the two terminals, the valve opens and
water can push through. The valve has a gasket arrangement inside, so there is a minimum pressure
requirement of 0.02 Mpa (3 PSI). Also, liquid can only flow one direction. We tried this solenoid at
various DC voltages and found we could actuate it down at 6VDC (although it was a little slower to
open). Here is the current draw table for various voltages. We suggest a TIP120 or N Channel power
FET with a 1N4001 kickback diode to drive this from a microcontroller pin. For a power supply, our
9V 1A or 12V 1A power adapters will do the job. If you want a beefier water valve, we also carry a
brass version which does not have a minimum pressure requirement and can be used with liquid
flow in either direction.

Voltage Current

6V 160 mA

7V 190 mA

8V 220 mA

9V 240 mA

10V 270 mA

11V 300 mA

12V 320 mA

Technical Details

1/2" Nominal NPS o Working Pressure: 0.02 Mpa - 0.8 Mpa o Working Temperature: 1 Ԩ - 75 Ԩ o
Response time (open): ≤ 0.15 sec o Response time (close): ≤ 0.3 sec o Actuating voltage: 12VDC (but
we found it would work down to 6V) o Actuating life: ≥ 50 million cycles o Weight: 4.3 oz o
Dimensions: 3.3" x 1.69" x 2.24"

IR (transmitter)

Get direct signal from the PIC.

Features

High reliability ․High radiant intensity ․Peak wavelength λp=940nm ․2.54mm Lead spacing ․Low
forward voltage ․Pb free ․The product itself will remain within RoHS compliant version.

Descriptions

EVERLIGHT’S Infrared Emitting Diode (IR333-A) is a high intensity diode , moulded in a blue
transparent plastic package. ․The device is spectrally matched with phototransistor , photodiode
and infrared receiver module.

Applications

Free air transmission system ․Infrared remote control units with high power requirement ․Smoke
detector ․Infrared applied system
IR receiver

This also directly sends data to the PIC

Programming part

The overall program code is written with arduino software. The program have no additional library.
Basic algorisms like if and while loop are used to code the program well. About 120 program lines
are used to execute the command flow

Mechanical ceasing

At this design stage the mechanical case is designed to suit the 3d printing technology. The design is
drafted bay one of the strongest mechanical software called Solid Works. And printed with the PLA
type of filament. The IR transmitter and receiver are put together in a way that the reflections can
easily propagate from transmitter to receiver.
Green line show reflection on hand

Red line show propagation of signal from IP transmitter.

Orange is to consider as any barrio like presence of hand