Oops Labfile

Chandigarh Engineering College
Department of computer science and engineering

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
(Computer Science and Engineering)
OOPS Lab File
(BTCS 302-18)
NAME: NISHTHA SINGH
ROLLNO: 1902168
SEMESTER: 3rd
GROUP: 3V1
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
MS NAVDEEP KAUR
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
NISHTHA SINGH 1902168

TABLE OF CONTENT
S.NO LIST OF PROGRAMS PAGE NO.
1 Program to implement basic calculations (+,-,*,/ ) 4-7
2 Program to implement if-else statement. 8
3 Program to implement nested-if statement 9
4 Program to calculate area of triangle, rectangle, square and circle using switch statement. 10-12
5 Program to print table of a number. 13
6 Program to print 4 different patterns of stars and numbers. 14-15
7 Program to find reverse of a number. 16
8 Program to swap two numbers. 17
9 Program to print Fibonacci series. 18
10 Program to calculate factorial of a number. 19
11 Program to check whether the number is palindrome or not. 20-21
12 Program to check whether the number is Armstrong or not. 22-23
13 Program to find ASCII value of a number. 24
14 Program to calculate average of 10 numbers. 25
15 Program to find greatest/largest of 3 numbers. 26
16 Program to check whether the number is prime or not. 27
17 Program to print days of a week. 28-29
18 Program to check whether a year is a Leap Year or not. 30-31
19 Program to calculate sum of numbers of an array. 32-33
20 Program to sort an array in ascending order. 34-35
21 Program to find largest and smallest number of an array. 36-38
22 Program to print reverse of an array. 39-40
23 Program to print the element which occurs more than one time in an array. 41-42
24 Program to print odd/even elements of an array. 43-44
25 Program to print mid element of an array. 45
26 Program to add two matrices. 46-47
27 Program to find length of a string. 48
28 Program to find reverse of a string. 49
29 Program to compare two strings. 50
30 Program to concatenate two strings. 51
31 Program to check whether the character is a vowel or a consonant. 52
32 Program to print all prime numbers between 0 to 100. 53-54
33 Program to calculate factorial of a number using recursion. 55
34 Program to print Fibonacci series using recursion. 56-57
35 Program to implement a class. 58

36 Program that uses a class in which member functions are defined inside the class. 59-60
37 Program that uses a class in which member functions are defined outside the class. 61-62
38 Program to demonstrate the use of static data members. 63-64
39 Program to demonstrate the use of const data members. 65-66
40 Program to demonstrate the use of default constructor. 67-68
41 Program to demonstrate the use of parameterized constructor. 69-70
42 Program to demonstrate the use of dynamic constructor. 71-72
43 Program to demonstrate the use of explicit constructor. 73-74
44 Program to demonstrate constructor overloading. 75-76
45 Program to demonstrate the use of initializer list. 77-78
46 Program to demonstrate overloading of increment operator. 79-80
47 Program to demonstrate overloading of decrement operator. 81-82
48 Program to demonstrate overloading of binary arithmetic operators. 83-84
49 Program to demonstrate overloading of memory management operators. 85-86
50 Program to demonstrate the typecasting of basic type to class type. 87-88
51 Program to demonstrate the typecasting of class type to basic type. 89-90
52 Program to demonstrate the typecasting of class type to class type. 91-92
53 Program to demonstrate the single inheritance. 93-95
54 Program to demonstrate the multilevel inheritance. 96-97
55 Program to demonstrate the multiple inheritances. 98-99
56 Program to demonstrate the hierarchical inheritance. 100-101
57 Program to demonstrate the hybrid inheritance. 102-103
58 Program to demonstrate the virtual derivation of a class. 104-105
59 Program to demonstrate the run time polymorphism. 106
60 Program to demonstrate the exception handling. 107
61 Program to demonstrate the use of function template. 108-109
62 Program to demonstrate the use of class template. 110-111
63 Program to demonstrate opening and closing a file. 112-113
64 Program to copy the contents of a file to another file. 114-115
65 Program to demonstrate reading and writing of a file. 116-117

PROGRAM: 1
AIM: Program to implement basic calculations (+,-,*,/ ).
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
int choice;
long num1, num2, x;
cout << "Please choose your option:"
"\n1 = Addition"
"\n2 = Subtraction"
"\n3 = Multiplication"
"\n4 = Division"
"\n5 = Squares"
"\n6 = exit"
"\n\nChoice: ";
cin >> choice;
while(choice < 1 || choice > 6)
cout << "\nPlease choose the above mentioned option."
"\nChoice: "<<endl;
cin >> choice;

switch (choice)
case 1:
cout << "Enter two numbers: \n";
cin >> num1 >> num2;
x = num1 + num2;
cout << "Sum = " << x;
break;
case 2:
x = num1 - num2;
cout << "Subtraction = " << x<<endl;
break;
case 3:
x = num1 * num2;
cout << "Product = " << x;
break;

case 4:
cout << "Enter Dividend: ";
cin >> num1;
cout << "Enter Divisor: ";
cin >> num2;
while(num2 == 0)
cout << "\nDivisor cannot be zero."
"\nEnter divisor once again: ";
cin >> num2;
x = num1 / num2;
cout << "\nQuotient = " << x;
break;
case 5:
cout << "Enter any number: \n";
cin >> num1;
x = num1 * num1;
cout << "Square = " << x;
break;
case 6: return 0;

default: cout << "\nError";
cout<<"Nishtha Singh 1902168";
OUTPUT:

PROGRAM: 2
AIM: Program to implement if-else statement.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int main(){
int num=66;
if( num < 50 ){
cout<<"num is less than 50";
else {
cout<<"num is greater than or equal 50"<<endl;
cout<<"Nishtha Singh 1902168"<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:

PROGRAM: 3
AIM: Program to implement nested-if statement.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int main(){
int num=90;
if( num < 100 ){
cout<<"number is less than 100"<<endl;
if(num > 50){
cout<<"number is greater than 50"<<endl;
cout<<"Nishtha Singh 190168"<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:

PROGRAM: 4
AIM: Program to calculate area of triangle, rectangle, square and circle using switch
statement.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
#include<math.h>
int main()
float a, b, c, s, radius, area;
int ch;
cout<<"1.Area Of Circle";
cout<<"\n2.Area Of Rectangle";
cout<<"\n3.Area Of Triangle \n";
cout<<"\nEnter Your Choice :";
cin>>ch;
switch(ch)
case 1:
cout<<"\nEnter the Radius of Circle: ";
cin>>radius;
area=3.14159*radius*radius;
10

cout<<"Area of Circle = "<<area<<endl;
break;
case 2:
cout<<"\nEnter the Length and Breadth of Rectangle:";
cin>>a>>b;
area=a*b;
cout<<"Area of Rectangle = "<<area<<endl;
break;
case 3:
cout<<"\nEnter All Three Sides of Triangle with 3 Sides:";
cin>>a>>b>>c;
s=(a+b+c)/2;
area=sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
cout<<"Area of Triangle = "<<area<<endl;
break;
default: cout<<"\n Invalid Choice Try Again...!!!";
break;
11

return 0;
OUTPUT:
12

PROGRAM: 5
AIM: Program to print table of a number.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main(){
int i,n;
cout<<"Enter any number:";
cin>>n;
for(i=1;i<=10;++i)
cout<<"\n"<<n<<" * "<<i<<" = "<<n*i;
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
13

PROGRAM: 6
AIM: Program to print 4 different patterns of stars and numbers.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main()
int i,j,n,s;
cout<<"Enter the value of n : ";
cin>>n;
s=n;
cout<<"The star - number square pattern :\n";
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
s=s-i;
for(j=i;j>=1;j--)
while(s>0)
cout<<"*";
s--;
cout<<j;
14

}
cout<<endl;
s=n;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
15

PROGRAM: 7
AIM: Program to find reverse of a number.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int n, reversedNumber = 0, remainder;
cout << "Enter an integer: ";
cin >> n;
while(n != 0) {
remainder = n%10;
reversedNumber = reversedNumber*10 + remainder;
n /= 10;}
cout << "Reversed Number = " << reversedNumber<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
16

PROGRAM: 8
AIM: Program to swap two numbers.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int a = 10, b = 5, temp;
temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
cout<<"Value of a is "<<a<<endl;
cout<<"Value of b is "<<b<<endl;
Cout<<”Nishtha Singh 190168”<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
17

PROGRAM: 9
AIM: Program to print fibonacci series.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int n1=0,n2=1,n3,i,number;
cout<<"Enter the number of elements: ";
cin>>number;
cout<<n1<<" "<<n2<<" ";
for(i=2;i<number;++i) {
n3=n1+n2;
cout<<n3<<" ";
n1=n2;
n2=n3; }
cout<<endl;
return 0; }
OUTPUT:
18

PROGRAM: 10
AIM: Program to calculate factorial of a number.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
unsigned int factorial(unsigned int n) {
int res = 1, i;
for (i = 2; i <= n; i++)
res *= i;
return res;
int main() {
int num = 5;
cout << "Factorial of "
<< num << " is "
<< factorial(num) << endl;
Cout<<”Nishtha Singh 190168”;
return 0; }
OUTPUT:
19

PROGRAM: 11
AIM: Program to check whether given number is palindrome or not.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int main()
int n, num, digit, rev = 0;
cout << "Enter a positive number: ";
cin >> num;
n = num;
do
digit = num % 10;
rev = (rev * 10) + digit;
num = num / 10;
while (num != 0);
cout << " The reverse of the number is: " << rev << endl;
if (n == rev)
20

cout << " The number is a palindrome.";
else
cout << " The number is not a palindrome.";
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
21

PROGRAM: 12
AIM: Program to check whether given number is armstrong or not.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int main()
int num, originalNum, remainder, result = 0;
cout << "Enter a three-digit integer: ";
cin >> num;
originalNum = num;
while (originalNum != 0)
remainder = originalNum % 10;
result += remainder * remainder * remainder;
originalNum /= 10;
if (result == num)
cout << num << " is an Armstrong number.";
else
22

cout << num << " is not an Armstrong number.";
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
23

PROGRAM: 13
AIM: Program to find ASCII value of a number.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int main(){
char ascii;
int numeric;
cout << "Give character: ";
cin >> ascii;
cout << "Its ascii value is: " << (int) ascii << endl;
cout << "Give a number to convert to ascii: ";
cin >> numeric;
cout << "The ascii value of " << numeric << " is " << (char) numeric;
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
24

PROGRAM: 14
AIM: Program to calculate average of two numbers.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int main(){
int x,y,sum;
float average;
cout << "Enter 2 integers : " << endl;
cin>>x>>y;
sum=x+y;
average=sum/2;
cout << "The average of " << x << " and " << y << " is " << average << "." << endl;
OUTPUT:
25

PROGRAM: 15
AIM: Program to find largest/greatest of three numbers.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
float n1, n2, n3;
cout << "Enter three numbers: ";
cin >> n1 >> n2 >> n3;
if(n1 >= n2 && n1 >= n3)
cout << "Largest number: " << n1;
if(n2 >= n1 && n2 >= n3)
if(n3 >= n1 && n3 >= n2)
return 0;
26

}
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 16
AIM: Program to check whether number is prime or not.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int main(){
int n, i, c = 0;
cout << "Enter any number n: "; cin>>n;
for (i = 1; i <= n; i++){
if (n % i == 0) {
c++;}
if (c == 2){
cout << "n is a Prime number" << endl; }
else {
cout << "n is not a Prime number" << endl; }
return 0;
27

}
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 17
AIM: Program to print days of a week.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main(){
int week;
cout<<"Enter week number (1-7):";
cin >> week;
if(week == 1) {
cout << "Monday";
else if(week == 2)
cout << "Tuesday";
else if(week == 3)
28

cout << "Wednesday";
else if(week == 4)
cout << "Thursday";
else if(week == 5)
cout << "Friday";
else if(week == 6)
cout << "Saturday";
else if(week == 7)
cout << "Sunday";
else{
cout << "Invalid Input! Please enter week in between 1-7.";
cout<<endl;
return 0;
29

}
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 18
AIM: Program to check whether a year is a leap year or not.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int main() {
int year;
cout << "Enter a year: ";
cin >> year;
if (year % 4 == 0) {
if (year % 100 == 0) {
if (year % 400 == 0)
cout << year << " is a leap year.";
else
cout << year << " is not a leap year.";
else
30

cout << year << " is a leap year.";
else
cout << year << " is not a leap year.";
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
31

PROGRAM: 19
AIM: Program to calculate sum of numbers of an array.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main()
int arr[20],i,n,sum=0;
cout<<"How many elements you want to enter: ";
cin>>n;
cout<<"Enter any "<<n<<" elements in Array: ";
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cin>>arr[i];
cout<<"Sum of all Elements are: ";
32

for(i=0;i<n;i++)
sum=sum+arr[i];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
cout<<sum;
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
33

PROGRAM: 20
AIM: Program to sort an array in ascending order.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main()
int i,a[10],temp,j;
cout<<"Enter any 5 num in array: \n";
for(i=0;i<=5;i++)
cin>>a[i];
cout<<"\nData before sorting: ";
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
cout<<a[j];
34

}
for(i=0;i<=5;i++)
for(j=0;j<=5-i;j++)
if(a[j]>a[j+1])
temp=a[j];
a[j]=a[j+1];
a[j+1]=temp;
cout<<"\nData after sorting: ";
for(j=0;j<5;j++)
cout<<a[j];
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
35

PROGRAM: 21
AIM: Program to find largest and smallest number of an array.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
int findMinimum(int a[], int n)
int mn = a[0];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
mn = min(mn, a[i]);
return mn;
36

int findMaximum(int a[], int n)
int mx = a[0];
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
mx = max(mx, a[i]);
return mx;
int main()
int n;
cout << " Enter the size of the array: ";
cin >> n;
int arr[n], i, pos;
cout << "\n\n Enter the " << n << " elements of the array: \n\n";
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
cin >> arr[i];
37

}
cout << "\n\n The " << n << " elements of the array are : ";
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
cout << arr[i] << " ";
int mn = findMinimum(arr, n);
int mx = findMaximum(arr, n);
cout << "\n\n\nThe Smallest element in the entered array is: " << mn;
cout << "\n\nThe Largest element in the entered array is: " << mx << "\n\n\n";
Cout<<Nishtha Singh 1902168”;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
38

PROGRAM: 22
AIM: Program to print reverse of an array.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main()
int arr[50], size, i, j, temp;
cout<<"Enter array size : ";
cin>>size;
cout<<"Enter array elements : ";
for(i=0; i<size; i++)
39

{
cin>>arr[i];
j=i-1;
i=0;
while(i<j)
temp=arr[i];
arr[i]=arr[j];
arr[j]=temp;
i++;
j--;
cout<<"Now the Reverse of the Array is : \n";
for(i=0; i<size; i++)
cout<<arr[i]<<" ";
return 0;
OUTPUT:
40

PROGRAM: 23
AIM: Program to print the element which occurs more than one time in an array.
PROGRAM:
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
void printRepeating(int arr[], int n)
unordered_map<int, int> mp;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
41

mp[arr[i]]++;
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (mp[arr[i]] > 1) {
cout << arr[i] << " ";
mp[arr[i]] = 0;
int main()
int arr[] = { 12, 10, 9, 45, 2, 10, 10, 45 };
int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
printRepeating(arr, n);
return 0;
OUTPUT:
42

PROGRAM: 24
AIM: Program to print odd/even elements of an array.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main()
int arr[20],i,n,even=0,odd=0;
cin>>n;
cout<<"Enter any "<<n<<" elements in Array:\n";
43

for(i=0; i<n ;i++)
{ cin>>arr[i]; }
cout<<"Even number:";
for(i=0; i<n ;i++)
if(arr[i]%2==0)
{ even++;
cout<<arr[i]<<" "; }
cout<<"\nOdd number:";
for(i=0; i<n ;i++)
if(arr[i]%2!=0)
{ odd++;
cout<<arr[i]<<" "; }
return 0;
OUTPUT:
44

PROGRAM: 25
AIM: Program to print mid element of an array.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main(){
int arr[20],i,n,even=0,odd=0;
45

cin>>n;
cout<<"Enter any "<<n<<" elements in Array:\n";
for(i=0; i<n ;i++) {
cin>>arr[i]; }
if(n%2!=0) {
cout<<"Middle element is "<<arr[n/2]; }
else {
cout<<"Middle element is ";
cout<<arr[n/2-1]<<" and "<<arr[n/2]<<endl;
cout<<"Nishtha Singh 1902168"; }
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 26
AIM: Program to add two matrices.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main()
46

int m,n,c,d,first[10][10],second[10][10],sum[10][10];
cout<<"Enter the number of rows and columns of matrix ";
cin>>m>>n;
cout<<"Enter the elements of first matrix\n";
for(c=0;c<m;c++)
for(d=0;d<n;d++)
cin>>first[c][d];
cout<<"Enter the elements of second matrix\n";
for(c=0;c<m;c++)
for(d=0;d<n;d++)
cin>>second[c][d];
for(c=0;c<m;c++)
for(d=0;d<n;d++)
sum[c][d]=first[c][d]+second[c][d];
cout<<"Sum of entered matrices:-\n";
for(c=0;c<m;c++)
{ for(d=0;d<n;d++)
cout<<sum[c][d]<<"\t";
cout << endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
47

PROGRAM: 27
AIM: Program to find length of a string.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main()
48

{
string str;
cin>>str;
cout<<"Entered String="<<str;
int n=str.size();
cout<<"\nString Length="<<n<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 28
AIM: Program to find reverse of a string.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<bits/stdc++.h>
49

int main()
string str;
cout<<"Enter any string: ";
getline(cin,str);
reverse(str.begin(),str.end());
cout<<"Reverse of string: "<<str<<endl;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM:29
AIM: Program to compare two strings.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
50

int main() {
string stra,strb;
cout<<"Enter first string: ";
getline(cin,stra);
cout<<"Enter second string: ";
getline(cin,strb);
if(stra.compare(strb)==0)
cout<<"Strings are same";
else
cout<<"Strings are not same"<<endl;
cout<<"Nishtha Singh 1902168";}
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 30
AIM: Program to concatenate two strings.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
#include<string>
51

int main()
string stra,strb,strc;
cout<<"Enter first string: ";
getline(cin,stra);
cout<<"Enter second string: ";
getline(cin,strb);
strc=stra+strb;
cout<<"Concatinated String: "<<strc<<endl;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 31
AIM: Program to check whether the character is a vowel or a consonant.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main(){
52

char ch;
int lower_case,upper_case;
cout<<"Enter any Character:";
cin>>ch;
lower_case=(ch=='a'||ch=='e'||ch=='i'||ch=='o'||ch=='u');
upper_case=(ch=='A'||ch=='E'||ch=='I'||ch=='O'||ch=='U');
if(lower_case||upper_case)
cout<<ch<<" is a Vowel.";
else
cout<<ch<<" is a Consonent."<<endl;
return 0; }
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM:32
AIM: Program to print all prime numbers between 0 to 100.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main()
53

{
int i,j;
for(i=2;i<=100;i++)
{ int m=0;
for(j=2;j<i;j++)
if(i%j==0)
m=1;
if(m==0)
cout<<i<<" "<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
54

PROGRAM: 33
55

AIM: Program to calculate factorial of a number using recursion.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
long fact(int);
int main(){
int n;
cout<<"Enter a positive integer:";
cin>>n;
cout<<"Factorial of "<<n<<" = "<<fact(n);
cout<<endl;
return 0;}
long fact(int n){
if(n>1)
return n*fact(n-1);
else
return 1;}
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 34
56

AIM: Program to print fibonacci series using recursion.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int fibonacci(int);
int main(){
int n,i=0;
cout<<"Number of terms for Fibonacci Series:";
cin>>n;
cout<<"Fibonacci Series:\n";
while(i<n)
cout<<" "<<fibonacci(i);
i++;
cout<<endl;
return 0;
int fibonacci(int n)
if((n==1)||(n==0))
return(n);
57

}
else{
return(fibonacci(n-1)+fibonacci(n-2));
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 35
58

AIM: Program to implement a class.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class person {
public:
string name;
int number;
};
int main() {
person obj;
cout<<"Enter the Name:";
cin>>obj.name;
cout<<"Enter the Number:";
cin>>obj.number;
cout<<"Name entered="<<obj.name<<"\nNumber entered="<<obj.number<<endl;
return 0;}
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 36
59

AIM: Program that uses a class in which member functions are defined inside the class.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class sum
private:
int a,b,total;
public:
void getdata ()
cout<<"Enter the value of A:";
cin>>a;
cout<<"Enter the value of B:";
cin>>b;
void display()
total=a+b;
cout<<"Sum of A and B="<<total;
};
int main ()
60

sum c;
c.getdata ();
c.display ();
cout<<endl;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 37
61

AIM: Program that uses a class in which member functions are defined outside the class.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class sum
int a,b,total;
public:
void getdata();
void display();
};
void sum::getdata()
cout<<"Enter the value of A:";
cin>>a;
cout<<"Enter the value of B:";
cin>>b;
void sum::display ()
total=a+b;
cout<<"Sum of A and B="<<total;
int main()
62

{
sum c;
c.getdata ();
c.display ();
cout<<endl;
OUTPUT:
63

PROGRAM: 38
AIM: Program to demonstrate the use of static data members.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class item
static int count;
public:
void counter()
{
count++;
cout<<"Nishtha>>"<<count<<endl;
};
int item::count;
int main()
item a,b,c;
a.counter();
b.counter();
c.counter();
64

cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
65

PROGRAM: 39
AIM: Program to demonstrate the use of const data members.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class Distance
int feet; float inches;
public:
Distance(int ft, float in): feet(ft), inches(in)
void setDist()
cin>>feet>>inches;
void showDist() const
cout<<"Feet:"<<feet<<"-"<<"Inches:"<<inches<<"\n";
};
int main()
66

{
int a,b;
cout<<"Please Enter inches\n";
cin>>a;
cout<<"Please Enter feet\n";
cin>>b;
const Distance football(b, a);
football.showDist();
cout<<endl;
OUTPUT:
67

PROGRAM: 40
AIM: Program to demonstrate the use of default constructor.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
class DemoDC
private:
int num1, num2 ;
public:
DemoDC()
num1 = 10;
num2 = 20;
void display() {
cout<<"num1 = "<< num1 <<endl;
cout<<"num2 = "<< num2 <<endl;
};
int main()
68

{
DemoDC obj;
obj.display();
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
69

PROGRAM: 41
AIM: Program to demonstrate the use of parameterized constructor.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
class ABC
int a, b;
public:
ABC(int i, int j)
a=i;
b=j;
void show()
cout<< a << " " << b;
};
int main()
70

ABC obj(27, 7);
obj.show();
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
71

PROGRAM: 42
AIM: Program to demonstrate the use of dynamic constructor.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
class ABC
int * p;
public:
ABC()
p=new int;
*p=10;
ABC(int v)
p=new int;
*p=v;
int dis()
{ return(*p);
72

};
int main()
ABC s, s1(9);
cout<<"The value of object s's p is:";
cout<<s.dis();
cout<<"\nThe value of object s1's p is:"<<s1.dis();
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
73

PROGRAM: 43
AIM: Program to demonstrate the use of explicit constructor.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class Complex
private:
double real;
double imag;
public:
Complex(double r = 0.0, double i = 0.0) : real(r), imag(i) {}
bool operator == (Complex rhs) {
return (real == rhs.real && imag == rhs.imag)? true : false;
};
int main()
Complex com1(3.0, 0.0);
if (com1 == 3.0)
cout << "Same";
else
74

cout << "Not Same";
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
75

PROGRAM: 44
AIM: Program to demonstrate constructor overloading.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class construct
public:
float area;
construct()
area=0;
construct(int a,int b)
area=a*b;
void disp()
76

{
cout<<area<<endl;
};
int main()
construct o;
construct o2(10,20);
o.disp();
o2.disp();
cout<<endl;
return 1;
OUTPUT:
77

PROGRAM: 45
AIM: Program to demonstrate the use of initializer list.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class B
int x;
public:
B(int data):x(data)
{};
void print()
{cout<<"Value of x is: "<<x<<endl;}
};
class A
int a;
B b;
78

public:
A():a(100),b(a)
cout<<"Value of a:"<<a<<endl;
b.print();
};
int main()
A a;
cout<<endl;
cout<<"Nishtha Singh";
return 0;
OUTPUT:
79

PROGRAM: 46
AIM: Program to demonstrate overloading of increment operator.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class Increment
{ int count;
public:
Increment( )
{ count=0; }
Increment(int C)
{ count=C; }
Increment operator++( )
{ count++;
return Increment(count);}
void display(void)
{ cout << count << endl ; }
};
80

int main(void)
{ Increment l1,l2(5),l3,l4 ;
cout <<"\n Before Activating the Operator ++( )\nl1=" ;
l1.display( );
cout << "l2= "; l2.display( );
++l1 ;++l2;
cout << "\n After Activating the Operator ++(.)\nl1=" ;
l1.display( );
cout << "l2= " ; l2.display( ) ;
l3= ++l1 ;
cout << "l3= "; l3.display( ) ;
cout << "l4= "; l4.display( ) ;
cout<<endl;
OUTPUT:
81

PROGRAM: 47
AIM: Program to demonstrate overloading of decrement operator.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class Check
{ int i;
public:
Check(): i(3) { }
Check operator -- ()
82

{ Check temp;
temp.i = --i;
return temp; }
Check operator -- (int)
{ Check temp;
temp.i = i--;
return temp; }
void Display()
{ cout << "i = "<< i <<endl; }
};
int main()
Check obj, obj1;
obj.Display();
obj1.Display();
obj1 = --obj;
obj.Display();
obj1.Display();
obj1 = obj--;
obj.Display();
obj1.Display();
cout<<endl;
return 0;
83

}
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 48
AIM: Program to demonstrate overloading of binary arithmetic operators.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class FLOAT { float no;
public: FLOAT(){}
void getdata() { cout<<"Enter any float number:"; cin>>no;}
void putdata() {cout<<"\nAnswer is:"<<no;}
84

FLOAT operator+(FLOAT); FLOAT operator*(FLOAT);
FLOAT operator-(FLOAT); FLOAT operator/(FLOAT); };
FLOAT FLOAT::operator+(FLOAT a)
{ FLOAT temp; temp.no=no+a.no;
return temp; }
FLOAT FLOAT::operator*(FLOAT b)
{ FLOAT temp; temp.no=no*b.no;
return temp;}
FLOAT FLOAT::operator-(FLOAT b)
{ FLOAT temp; temp.no=no-b.no;
return temp;}
FLOAT FLOAT::operator/(FLOAT b)
{ FLOAT temp; temp.no=no/b.no;
return temp;}
int main()
FLOAT a,b,c;
a.getdata(); b.getdata(); c=a+b;
cout<<"\nAddition:"; c.putdata();
cout<<"\nMultiplication:"; c=a*b;
c.putdata(); cout<<"\nSubstraction:"; c=a-b;
c.putdata(); cout<<"\nDivision:"; c=a/b;
c.putdata();
cout<<endl;
85

cout<<”Nishtha Singh”;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 49
AIM: Program to demonstrate overloading of memory management operators.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main()
int num;
cout << "Enter total number of students: ";
86

cin >> num;
float* ptr;
ptr = new float[num];
cout << "Enter GPA of students." << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i)
cout << "Student" << i + 1 << ": ";
cin >> *(ptr + i);
cout << "\nDisplaying GPA of students." << endl;
for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
cout << "Student" << i + 1 << " :" << *(ptr + i) << endl;
delete [] ptr;
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
87

PROGRAM: 50
AIM: Program to demonstrate the typecasting of basic type to class type.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
88

class Time
int hrs,min;
public:
Time(int);
void display();
};
Time :: Time(int t)
cout<<"Basic Type to ==> Class Type Conversion..."<<endl;
hrs=t/60;
min=t%60;
void Time::display()
cout<<hrs<< ": Hours(s)" <<endl;
cout<<min<< " Minutes" <<endl;
int main()
int duration;
cout<<"Enter time duration in minutes";
cin>>duration;
Time t1=duration;
89

t1.display();
cout<<endl;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 51
AIM: Program to demonstrate the typecasting of class type to basic type.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
90

class Time
{ int hrs,min;
public:
Time(int ,int);
operator int();
~Time()
{ cout<<"\nDestructor called..."<<endl;} };
Time::Time(int a,int b)
{ cout<<"Constructor called with two parameters..."<<endl;
hrs=a;
min=b;}
Time :: operator int()
{ cout<<"Class Type to Basic Type Conversion..."<<endl;
return(hrs*60+min);}
int main()
{ int h,m,duration;
cout<<"Enter Hours ";
cin>>h;
cout<<"Enter Minutes "; cin>>m;
Time t(h,m); duration = t;
cout<<"Total Minutes are "<<duration<<"\n2nd method operator overloading

"<<endl;
duration = t.operator int();
cout<<"Total Minutes are "<<duration;
cout<<endl;
91

OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 52
AIM: Program to demonstrate the typecasting of class type to class.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
92

class inventory1
{ int ino,qty; float rate;
public:
inventory1(int n,int q,float r)
{ ino=n; qty=q; rate=r; }
inventory1()
{ cout<<"\n Inventory1's Object Created";}
int getino()
{ return(ino); }
float getamt()
{ return(qty*rate); }
void display()
{ cout<<endl<<"ino = "<<ino<<" qty = "<<qty<<" rate = "<<rate; }
};
class inventory2
{ int ino; float amount;
public:
void operator=(inventory1 I)
{ ino=I.getino(); amount=I.getamt();
void display()
{ cout<<endl<<"ino = "<<ino<<" amount = "<<amount;
93

}
};
int main()
{ inventory1 I1(1001,30,75); inventory2 I2;
I2=I1;
I1.display(); I2.display();
cout<<endl;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 53
AIM: Program to demonstrate the single inheritence.
PROGRAM:
#include <iostream>
94

class Sum_and_mul
public:
int c=10;
public :
void sum_1(int a, int b)
int result;
result=a+c;
cout<<" The result for sum of a and c is: "<<result<<endl;
void mul_1(int a,int b)
int result;
result=a*c;
cout<<" The result for multiplication of a and c is: "<<result<<endl;
};
class Mul_and_sum : public Sum_and_mul
int d=20;
public:
void sum_2()
95

int result;
result=c+d;
cout<<" The result for sum of c and d is: "<<result<<endl;
void mul_2()
int result;
result=c*d;
cout<<" The result for multiplication of c and d is: "<<result<<endl;
};
int main()
int a,b;
cout<<" Enter value for a: ";
cin>>a;
cout<<" Enter value for b: ";
cin>>b;
Sum_and_mul sam;
Mul_and_sum mas;
sam.sum_1(a,b);
sam.mul_1(a,b);
mas.sum_1(a,b);
mas.mul_1(a,b);
96

mas.sum_2();
mas.mul_2();
cout<<endl;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 54
AIM: Program to demonstrate the multilevel inheritance.
PROGRAM:
97

#include<iostream>
class A
public:
void display()
cout<<"Base class content.";
};
class B : public A
};
class C : public B
};
int main()
C obj;
obj.display();
cout<<endl;
return 0;
98

OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 55
AIM: Program to demonstrate the multiple inheritence.
PROGRAM:
99

#include<iostream>
class Mammal {
public:
Mammal()
cout << "Mammals can give direct birth." << endl;
};
class WingedAnimal {
public:
WingedAnimal()
cout << "Winged animal can flap." << endl;
};
class Bat: public Mammal, public WingedAnimal {
};
int main()
Bat b1;
cout<<endl;
return 0;
100

}
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 56
AIM: Program to demonstrate the hierarchical inheritance.
101

PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class Number
{ int num;
public: void getNumber(void)
{ cout << "Enter an integer number: ";
cin >> num; }
int returnNumber(void) { return num; } };
class Square:public Number
{ public:
int getSquare(void)
{ int num,sqr;
num=returnNumber(); sqr=num*num;
return sqr; } };
class Cube:public Number
{ public:
int getCube(void)
{ int num,cube;
num=returnNumber();
cube=num*num*num;
return cube; } };
int main()
{ Square objS; Cube objC; int sqr,cube;
102

objS.getNumber(); sqr=objS.getSquare();
cout<<"Square of "<<objS.returnNumber()<<" is: "<<sqr<<endl;
objC.getNumber(); cube=objC.getCube();
cout<<"Cube of "<<objS.returnNumber()<<" is:"<<cube<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 57
103

AIM: Program to demonstrate the hybrid inheritance.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int a,b,c,d,e;
class A
{ protected:
public: void getab()
{cout<<"\nEnter a and b value:";
cin>>a>>b;} };
class B:public A { protected:
public: void getc()
{ cout<<"Enter c value:";
cin>>c; } };
class C { protected:
public: void getd()
{ cout<<"Enter d value:";
cin>>d; } };
class D:public B,public C {
protected:
public: void result()
{ getab(); getc();
getd(); e=a+b+c+d;
cout<<"\n Addition is :"<<e; }
104

};
int main()
{ D d1;
d1.result();
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 58
105

AIM: Program to demonstrate the virtual derivation of a class.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class ClassA
public:
int a;
};
class ClassB : public ClassA
public:
int b;
};
class ClassC : public ClassA
public:
int c;
};
class ClassD : public ClassB, public ClassC
public:
int d;
};
106

int main()
{ ClassD obj;
obj.b = 20;
obj.c = 30;
obj.d = 40;
cout<< "\n B : "<< obj.b;
cout<< "\n C : "<< obj.c;
cout<< "\n D : "<< obj.d;
cout<<endl;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 59
107

AIM: Program to demonstrate the run time polymorphism.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
class Files{
public:
void virtual download(){
cout<<"Download Files"<<endl;}};
class PdfFiles:public Files{
public:
void download(){
cout<<"Download Pdf"<<endl;}};
int main() {
Files *f = new PdfFiles(); f->download();
delete f;
cout<<endl;
return 0;}
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 60
108

AIM: Program to demonstrate the exception handling.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
int main(){
int x = -1;
cout << "Before try \n";
try {
cout << "Inside try \n";
if (x < 0) {
throw x;
cout << "After throw (Never executed) \n";}
catch (int x ) {
cout << "Exception Caught \n"; }
cout << "After catch (Will be executed) \n";
cout<<endl;
return 0; }
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 61
109

AIM: Program to demonstrate the use of function template.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
template<class t>
void swap(t *x, t *y) {
t temp = *x;
*x = *y;
*y = temp;}
void fun(int a, int b, float c, float d) {
cout << "\na and b before swaping :" << a << "\t" << b;
swap(&a,&b);
cout << "\na and b after swaping :" << a << "\t" << b;
cout << "\n\nc and d before swaping :" << c << "\t" << d;
swap(c, d);
cout << "\nc and d after swaping :" << c << "\t" << d;}
int main() {
int a, b; float c, d;
cout << "Enter A,B values(integer):";
cin >> a>>b;
cout << "Enter C,D values(float):";
cin >> c>>d;
fun(a, b, c, d);
110

cout<<endl;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 62
111

AIM: Program to demonstrate the use of class template.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
template <class T>
T Large(T n1, T n2)
{ return (n1 > n2) ? n1 : n2; }
int main()
{ int i1,i2;
float f1,f2;
char c1,c2;
cout<<"Enter two integers:\n";
cin>>i1>>i2;
cout<<Large(i1, i2)<<" is larger."<<endl;
cout<<"\nEnter two floating-point numbers:\n";
cin>>f1>>f2;
cout<<Large(f1,f2)<<" is larger.\n\nEnter two characters:\n";
cin>>c1>>c2;
cout<<Large(c1,c2)<<" has larger ASCII value.";
cout<<endl;
return 0;
112

OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 63
AIM: Program to demonstrate opening and closing a file.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
113

int main()
{ ofstream fout;
ifstream fin;
char fname[20];
char rec[80], ch;
cout<<"Enter file name: ";
cin.get(fname, 20);
fout.open(fname, ios::out);
if(!fout)
{ cout<<"Error in opening the file "<<fname;
exit(1);}
cin.get(ch);
cout<<"\nEnter a line to store in the file:\n";
cin.get(rec, 80);
fout<<rec<<"\n";
cout<<"\nThe entered line stored in the file successfully..!!\nPress any key to

see...\n";
fout.close();
fin.open(fname, ios::in);
if(!fin)
{ cout<<"Error in opening the file "<<fname;
cout<<"\nPress any key to exit...";
exit(2);}
cin.get(ch);
114

fin.get(rec, 80);
cout<<"\nThe file contains:\n";
cout<<rec;
cout<<"\n\nPress any key to exit...\n";
fin.close();
cout<<endl;
OUTPUT:
PROGRAM:64
AIM: Program to copy the contents of a file to another file.
PROGRAM:
#include<iostream>
115

#include<fstream>
int main()
ifstream fs;
ofstream ft;
char ch, fname1[20], fname2[20];
cout<<"Enter Source File Name With Extension : ";
gets(fname1);
fs.open(fname1);
if(!fs)
{ cout<<"Error In Opening Source File..!!"; exit(1);}
cout<<"Enter Destination File Name With Extension : ";
gets(fname2); ft.open(fname2);
if(!ft)
{ cout<<"Error In Opening Target File..!!";
fs.close();
exit(2);}
while(fs.eof()==0)
{ fs>>ch; ft<<ch;}
cout<<"File Copied Successfully..!!";
fs.close();
ft.close();
cout<<endl;
116

OUTPUT:
PROGRAM: 65
AIM: Program to demonstrate reading and writing of a file.
PROGRAM:
117

#include<iostream>
#include<fstream>
int main()
fstream file;
file.open("sample.txt",ios::out);
if(!file)
cout<<"Error in creating file!!!"<<endl;
return 0;
cout<<"File created successfully."<<endl;
file<<"Nishtha Singh";
file.close();
file.open("sample.txt",ios::in);
if(!file)
cout<<"Error in opening file!!!"<<endl;
return 0;
char ch;
cout<<"File content: ";
while(!file.eof())
118

{
file>>ch;
cout<<ch;
file.close();
cout<<endl;
return 0;
OUTPUT:
119

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Chandigarh Engineering College

Department of computer science and engineering

OOPS Lab File

NAME: NISHTHA SINGH

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

NISHTHA SINGH 1902168

S.NO LIST OF PROGRAMS PAGE NO.

1 Program to implement basic calculations (+,-,*,/ ) 4-7

2 Program to implement if-else statement. 8

3 Program to implement nested-if statement 9

5 Program to print table of a number. 13

6 Program to print 4 different patterns of stars and numbers. 14-15

7 Program to find reverse of a number. 16

8 Program to swap two numbers. 17

9 Program to print Fibonacci series. 18

10 Program to calculate factorial of a number. 19

11 Program to check whether the number is palindrome or not. 20-21

12 Program to check whether the number is Armstrong or not. 22-23

13 Program to find ASCII value of a number. 24

14 Program to calculate average of 10 numbers. 25

15 Program to find greatest/largest of 3 numbers. 26

16 Program to check whether the number is prime or not. 27

17 Program to print days of a week. 28-29

18 Program to check whether a year is a Leap Year or not. 30-31

19 Program to calculate sum of numbers of an array. 32-33

20 Program to sort an array in ascending order. 34-35

21 Program to find largest and smallest number of an array. 36-38

22 Program to print reverse of an array. 39-40

24 Program to print odd/even elements of an array. 43-44

25 Program to print mid element of an array. 45

26 Program to add two matrices. 46-47

27 Program to find length of a string. 48

28 Program to find reverse of a string. 49

29 Program to compare two strings. 50

30 Program to concatenate two strings. 51

31 Program to check whether the character is a vowel or a consonant. 52

32 Program to print all prime numbers between 0 to 100. 53-54

33 Program to calculate factorial of a number using recursion. 55

34 Program to print Fibonacci series using recursion. 56-57

35 Program to implement a class. 58

NISHTHA SINGH 1902168

38 Program to demonstrate the use of static data members. 63-64

39 Program to demonstrate the use of const data members. 65-66

40 Program to demonstrate the use of default constructor. 67-68

41 Program to demonstrate the use of parameterized constructor. 69-70

42 Program to demonstrate the use of dynamic constructor. 71-72

43 Program to demonstrate the use of explicit constructor. 73-74

44 Program to demonstrate constructor overloading. 75-76

45 Program to demonstrate the use of initializer list. 77-78

46 Program to demonstrate overloading of increment operator. 79-80

47 Program to demonstrate overloading of decrement operator. 81-82

48 Program to demonstrate overloading of binary arithmetic operators. 83-84

49 Program to demonstrate overloading of memory management operators. 85-86

50 Program to demonstrate the typecasting of basic type to class type. 87-88

51 Program to demonstrate the typecasting of class type to basic type. 89-90

52 Program to demonstrate the typecasting of class type to class type. 91-92

53 Program to demonstrate the single inheritance. 93-95

54 Program to demonstrate the multilevel inheritance. 96-97

55 Program to demonstrate the multiple inheritances. 98-99

56 Program to demonstrate the hierarchical inheritance. 100-101

57 Program to demonstrate the hybrid inheritance. 102-103

58 Program to demonstrate the virtual derivation of a class. 104-105

59 Program to demonstrate the run time polymorphism. 106