10/24/2021

BUSINESS MATHEMATICS – BUS 202

Chapter 2
Systems of Linear Equations and Matrices
REF: MATHEMATICS WITH APPLICATION IN MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS,
GORDON D. PRITCHETT/JOHN C. SABER,
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Solution Courtesy: Dr. Mohammad Osman Gani, Professor, Dept. Of Mathematics, Jahangirnagar University

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND MATRICES

If a linear system consists of two equations in two variables: 3 possible cases –

 Intersect in a single point (1 solution) [The system is consistent]
 Are parallel, so no point of intersection (No solution) [The system is Inconsistent]
 Are coincident, same line (0=0 form, have unlimited numbers of solution) [The system is consistent]
If a system consists three equations in two variables
 Can intersect at a single point (1 solution)
 Might have no point that lies on all of them simultaneously (No solution)
 Are coincident, same line. (have unlimited numbers of solution)
An m-by-n system means m equations n solutions.
Number of Intersection of two Number of solution to m-by-2
or more lines linear system equation
One point in common 1
No point in common 0
Lines are coincident unlimited

2 Md Mamunur Rashid, Assistant Professor, IUB

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 10/24/2021

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND MATRICES

 A solution of a system is unchanged if both sides are multiplied by a constant

 A solution of a system is unchanged if an operation is replaced by a linear combination of equations.
 A elimination procedure forms linear combinations of equations that eliminate a variable.
 Show that the system
5x + 4y = 12
y = -2 has the solution set (4,-2). (0,3)
Graph the lines and label the coordinates of the point of intersection.

(0,0)
5x + 4y = 12
X 0 4
(0,-2) (4,-2)
Y 3 -2
(0,3); (4,-2) Y= -2

3 Md Mamunur Rashid, Assistant Professor, IUB

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND MATRICES

 Problem: Solve the following system of linear equations:

𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟏𝟕,
𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟏𝟔.
by the method of elimination.
Solution: The given linear system is
𝑥 + 3𝑦 = 17⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(1)
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 16⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(2)
Now, 3×(1) – (2) implies:
3𝑥 + 9𝑦 = 51
3𝑥 + 2𝑦 = 16
7𝑦 = 35⟹𝑦 = 5.
Putting the value of 𝑦 in (1), we get 𝑥 + 3*5 = 17 ⇒ 𝑥 + 15 = 17 ⇒ 𝑥 = 2.
So, the required solution of the given system is: (𝑥, 𝑦) = (2,5) or 𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = 5.

4 Md Mamunur Rashid, Assistant Professor, IUB

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SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND MATRICES

Page#82(Example Problem)
Problem-1: Solve the following system of linear equations:
𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓𝒚 = 𝟏𝟓,
𝟑.𝟐𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 = 𝟔, by the method of elimination.
Solution: The given linear system is
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 15⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(1)
3.2𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 6⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(2)
Suppose we choose to eliminate the variable 𝑦.
Now, 8×(1) – 5× (2) implies
16𝑥 + 40𝑦 = 120
16𝑥 + 40𝑦 = 30
⟹0 = 90.
Which cannot be true. Therefore, the given system has no solution.

5 Md Mamunur Rashid, Assistant Professor, IUB

SYSTEMS OF LINEAR EQUATIONS AND MATRICES

Page#82(Example Problem)
Problem-2: Solve the following system of linear equations by the method of elimination.
Solution: The given linear system is
2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 15⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(1)
3.2𝑥 + 8𝑦 = 24⋯⋯⋯⋯⋯(2)
Suppose we choose to eliminate the variable 𝑦.
Now, 8×(1) – 5× (2) implies
16𝑥 + 40𝑦 =120
16𝑥 + 40𝑦 = 120
⟹0 = 0, which is true.
Therefore, the given system has unlimited number of solutions.
Now, From a equation, 2𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 15
2
So, the solutions are: 𝑦 = − 𝑥 + 3, 𝑥 arbitrary.
5

5 15
Or, the solutions are: 𝑥 = − 𝑦 + , 𝑦 arbitrary.
2 2
6 Md Mamunur Rashid, Assistant Professor, IUB