Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ch. 8 Practice Questions
Ch. 8 Practice Questions
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. If a woman who drinks a cup of decaffeinated coffee in the morning, a cup of fruit juice with
lunch, 6 cups of water throughout the day, and a cup of tea at bedtime, her fluid intake would
be considered
a. dangerously low.
b. below optimal.
c. optimal.
d. too high.
ANS: C
This woman’s total fluid intake for the day is 9 cups, the recommended amount for women.
Minimum fluid intake for health is around 4 cups; intake below this would be considered
dangerously low. Fluid intake can be too high, but the specific amount that causes water
intoxication is unknown.
2. Having only softened tap water at home would be of most concern to a(n)
a. pregnant woman.
NU
b. full-time student who also RSIpart-time.
works NGTB.COM
c. elderly woman with osteoporosis.
d. retired man with hypertension.
ANS: D
Softened water has relatively high levels of sodium, which exacerbates hypertension in
salt-sensitive individuals. It is not ideal for anyone to drink softened water on a regular basis,
but it is of special concern for someone with hypertension. Someone who is retired is more
likely to drink beverages made with tap water at home. An elderly woman with osteoporosis
would benefit from the calcium in hard water, but this is less of a concern. A student who is
gone at work or school most of the day would not consume much of the softened tap water.
Sodium intake is not a specific concern in pregnancy.
NURSINGTB.COM
Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
Interstitial fluid is the body fluid between the cells. The fluid within the cells is intracellular
fluid; the fluid outside the cells is extracellular fluid; the fluid in the bloodstream is blood
plasma.
5. It would be most difficult for the body to maintain homeostasis if over several days someone
had an inadequate intake of
a. calcium.
b. sodium.
c. iron. NURSINGTB.COM
d. fluoride.
ANS: B
Homeostasis is maintenance of physiologic equilibrium within the body. All of these minerals
help maintain homeostasis, but inadequate intake of sodium over just a few days would have
the most effect. Sodium is an electrolyte and is important for maintaining fluid balance in the
body. If calcium intake is inadequate, the body can draw on reserves in bone; if iron intake is
inadequate, the body has some reserves in the spleen, and so body homeostasis would not be
affected unless the deficiency continued long term. Fluoride deficiency may cause dental
caries and may affect bone density, but this is also a long-term effect and would not affect the
body over a few days.
6. If an athlete ran a marathon, sweated profusely, and drank only water with some sugar to
replace fluids and carbohydrate, his or her body would increase secretion of
a. adrenaline.
b. aldosterone.
c. alanine.
d. antidiuretic hormone (ADH).
ANS: B
NURSINGTB.COM
Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
The body would respond to loss of sodium in sweat by releasing the hormone aldosterone; this
would prompt the kidney to decrease sodium excretion. During a marathon, the body may
produce adrenaline in response to stress, but this would not address the problem of fluid and
energy replacement without sodium replacement. Alanine is an amino acid and has no effect
on sodium balance. ADH causes the kidneys to decrease water excretion but does not affect
sodium excretion.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 133 | Page 134 | Page 148 | Page 149
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
9. If an elderly client who lives alone and has a limited income has edema, it would be important
to evaluate his or her dietary intake of sodium and
a. protein.
b. calcium.
c. chloride.
d. potassium.
NURSINGTB.COM
Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
ANS: A
Edema may be caused by high intake of sodium or inadequate intake of protein if protein
levels in the body become so low that cellular fluid levels become imbalanced. Edema is not
related to dietary intake of calcium, chloride, or potassium.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Understanding REF: Page 136 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
12. If people want to maximize their absorption of calcium, they should avoid drinking
a. tea.
b. milk.
c. orange juice.
d. bottled water.
ANS: A
Tea contains oxalic acid and tannins, both of which decrease absorption of calcium. Milk
contains lactose and vitamin D, which increase calcium absorption. Orange juice and bottled
water do not have a significant positive or negative effect on calcium absorption.
NURSINGTB.COM
Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
13. Lifestyle changes that may help prevent development of osteoporosis include
a. reducing intake of animal protein.
b. eating a piece of fruit with lunch every day.
c. reducing intake of whole grains.
d. taking a 30-minute walk most days.
ANS: D
Taking a 30-minute walk most days may help prevent development of osteoporosis because
regular exercise stimulates an increase in bone density. Eating vegetable versus animal
protein, increasing intake of fruit, and reducing whole grain intake are unlikely to prevent
osteoporosis.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 142 | Page 143 | Page 147
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment
NURSINGTProcess:
| Nursing B.COM Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
15. A good source of calcium for someone who follows a strict vegetarian (i.e., vegan) diet would
be
a. coconut milk.
b. a bean burrito.
c. skim milk.
d. pasta salad.
ANS: B
A good vegan source of calcium is a bean burrito because legumes contain calcium. Coconut
milk and pasta salad are not good sources of calcium. Skim milk is not included in a vegan
diet.
NURSINGTB.COM
Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
ANS: C
Secondary magnesium deficiency may occur with excessive vomiting and diarrhea. Primary
magnesium deficiency is rare; deficiency is not usually related to poor intake, and fruits and
vegetables are not the only good sources of magnesium. Type 1 diabetes and dehydration due
to heat exposure do not cause magnesium deficiency.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 133 | Page 134 | Page 143 | Page 147
TOP: Nursing Process: Assessment MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
17. Of the following, the food choice that contains the least sodium is
a. cornbread.
b. corn tortilla.
c. corn on the cob.
d. buttered popcorn.
ANS: C
The food choice that contains the least sodium is corn on the cob. Of all these forms of corn,
this is the least processed. Food processing usually involves addition of sodium.
18. A sodium intake of 2100 mg daily by a healthy 42-year-old adult would be considered
a. below the adequate intake (AI) for adults.
b. above the adequate intake (AI) for adults.
c. within the adequate intake (AI) for adults.
d. within the accepted rangeNfor
URolder
SINadults.
GTB.COM
ANS: C
A sodium intake of 2100 mg daily is above the AI of 1500 mg per day for adults and above
the AI of 1300 mg daily for adults 51 to 70 years of age. This dietary recommendation is
based on the known adequate intake required for good health.
19. A family with three young children has limited income, relies on public transportation, and
has just moved into a very old apartment complex with old plumbing and lead pipes. The best
recommendation to minimize lead exposure would be to
a. use only bottled water.
b. run the tap water for 2 minutes before using it.
c. boil the tap water for 2 minutes before using it.
d. use only hot water for drinking, cooking, and preparing food.
ANS: B
The best recommendation would be to run the tap water for 2 minutes before using it, so that
any water sitting in the pipes that may have absorbed lead would not be used. Using bottled
water is not practical for a family with limited income who uses public transportation. Boiling
the water would not remove the lead and would actually concentrate it. Hot water would
dissolve more lead; in fact, only cold water should be used.
NURSINGTB.COM
Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
20. If someone took a 6-hour car ride in an air-conditioned vehicle without making any bathroom
stops, they weigh less at the end of the trip than at the beginning because
a. of insensible fluid losses from the skin and lungs.
b. body fat stores would be metabolized for energy.
c. muscle mass would be lost.
d. fluid would be lost through sweating.
ANS: A
Even in an air-conditioned vehicle, the body still loses fluid through the skin and lungs. The
person would not lose significant amounts of sweat in an air-conditioned vehicle. A small but
fairly insignificant amount of body fat would be metabolized. Muscle mass would be lost only
if the driver were inactive or had low protein or carbohydrate intake over several days.
21. The main reason that young women require more dietary iron than young men is
a. that they absorb iron less efficiently.
b. to compensate for their lower muscle mass.
c. to replace blood losses during menstruation.
d. that they recycle hemoglobin more rapidly.
ANS: C N R I G B.C M
U S iron
Young women require more dietary N than
T youngO men to replace blood losses during
menstruation. There is no difference between iron absorption and hemoglobin recycling in
young men versus young women. Higher iron intake does not compensate for lower muscle
mass in women.
NURSINGTB.COM
Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
24. Hemosiderosis, storage of too much iron in the body, is most likely to occur in a(n)
a. man who drinks five or more alcoholic beverages every night.
b. adolescent who drinks four or more soft drinks daily.
c. toddler who prefers drinking milk to eating meals.
d. pregnant woman who takes iron supplements.
ANS: A
Hemosiderosis is most likely to occur in a man with high alcohol intake. Adolescents who
have high intake of soft drinks are likely to have high intake of phosphorus. Toddlers who
prefer to drink milk rather than
N eating
RSINmeals
GTB.Cmay develop iron deficiency. Pregnant women
who take iron supplements areU unlikely OMmuch iron
to store too because iron needs are very
high during pregnancy.
25. In countries where the staple food source is unleavened bread made from whole grains, zinc
deficiency may be prevented by eating
a. refined grains.
b. breads with yeast.
c. fortified grains.
d. bread in which the grains were soaked before being baked.
ANS: B
Zinc deficiency may be prevented by making breads with yeast; the yeast breaks the bond
between the zinc and phytic acid, which prevents zinc from being absorbed. Eating refined
grains would result in even lower zinc intake; fortification of grains does not include adding
zinc; and soaking grains before making bread does not release the zinc from the phytic acid.
NURSINGTB.COM
Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
a. seafood.
b. dairy products.
c. fortified table salt.
d. residues of cleaning products.
ANS: C
The main source of iodine in the United States is fortified table salt. Seafood is a good source,
but most Americans do not eat it often enough for it to be their main source of iodine. Dairy
products may contain some iodine, depending on the animal that produced them, but they are
not reliable sources. Residues of cleaning products may provide some dietary iodine, but the
amount is not usually enough to be significant.
27. A client feels constantly tired even though she is getting 8 hours of sleep each night, and she
is gaining about 2 lb a month even though she has not changed her eating habits. You discover
that she eats only organic and natural foods and avoids anything that is fortified. She may
have a deficiency of
a. iron.
b. zinc.
c. potassium.
d. iodine.
ANS: D
Deficiency of iodine causes lethargy and weight gain; the most reliable source of iodine is
NURSfortified
iodized salt, but if the client avoids INGTB.C OM
foods, she may be avoiding this valuable source.
Iron deficiency would cause anemia and tiredness, but not weight gain. Deficiency of zinc
impairs growth, reduces appetite, and causes immunologic disorders. Deficiency of potassium
causes muscle weakness, confusion, decreased appetite, and, in severe cases, cardiac
dysrhythmias. Foods are not usually fortified with iron, zinc, and potassium, and so avoiding
fortified foods would not necessarily affect intake of these nutrients.
NURSINGTB.COM
Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
29. Measuring the amount of a mineral in a plant food may not necessarily indicate whether it is a
valuable dietary source of that mineral because
a. plant foods contain phytates, oxalates, and binders that reduce bioavailability.
b. plant foods require cooking or processing to make minerals bioavailable.
c. plants often contain inactive forms of minerals.
d. the amount of minerals in plants varies widely, depending on growing conditions.
ANS: A
Plant foods contain phytates, oxalates, and binders that may limit the amount of a mineral that
is available to the body, even if it is present in the food. Minerals may become more
bioavailable with cooking or processing, but this is not necessarily true. Most minerals do not
exist in different forms; they are generally either present or absent. The amount of minerals in
plants may vary somewhat depending on the growing conditions, but this is less of a factor
than bioavailability.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Applying REF: Page 136 TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity
32. Apart from lowering dietary sodium intake, a dietary change that is most likely to help
decrease high blood pressure levels is
a. decreasing intake of dairy products.
b. increasing intake of vegetable protein.
c. increasing intake of calcium and potassium.
d. replacing saturated fats with polyunsaturated fats.
NURSINGTB.COM
Nutritional Foundations and Clinical Applications 7th Edition Grodner Test Bank
ANS: C
Dietary changes that may help decrease high blood pressure include increasing intake of
calcium and potassium. This could be accomplished by increasing, rather than decreasing,
intake of dairy products. Intake of vegetable versus animal protein and replacing saturated fats
with polyunsaturated fats do not decrease blood pressure, although these changes may have
other health benefits.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyzing REF: Page 138 | Page 146 | Page 147
TOP: Nursing Process: Planning
MSC: Client Needs: Physiological Integrity | Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance
33. A wife who blames her high blood pressure on her husband’s preference for salty foods is an
example of
a. denial.
b. chaining.
c. reframing.
d. projection.
ANS: D
A wife who blames her high blood pressure on her husband’s preference for salty foods is an
example of projection. She is projecting her unhealthy behaviors on her husband instead of
taking responsibility for her own health. Denial would be ignoring the problem. Chaining
would be associating one behavior with another. Reframing would be replacing negative
expectations and associations with positive ones.
NURSINGTB.COM