SIDE EFFECTS/

MECHANISM OF CONTRA- NURSING

DRUG NAME DRUG CLASS INDICATIONS ADVERSE
ACTION INDICATIONS CONSIDERATION
EFFECTS
Generic: Therapeutic: Reduces gastric acid secretion and treat certain stomach and Hypersensitivity to CNS: asthenia, dizziness, Before:
Pantoprazole GI agent increases gastric mucus and esophagus problems (such as pantoprazole, substituted headache. -Observe 15 rights in drug
bicarbonate production, creating acid reflux) benzimidazoles (omeprazole, GI: abdominal pain, administration.
protective coating on gastric lansoprazole, rabeprazole constipation, diarrhea, -Assess for possible
Brand: mucosa sodium), or their components. flatulence, nausea, vomiting. contraindications and cautions:
Pantro Musculoskeletal: back pain. history of allergy to a proton
Pharmacologic: Respiratory: cough, upper pump inhibitor to reduce the risk
Proton pump respiratory tract infection. of hypersensitivity reaction.
Complete Prescription: inhibitor Skin: rash. -Perform a physical examination
40mg IV now then OD q 6am to establish baseline data before
beginning therapy to determine
Date of Rx: the effectiveness of the therapy.

During:
-Administer as indicated. Check
dosage and preparations
carefully.

After:
-Monitor patient after
administering the drug.
-Do proper documentation.
 SIDE EFFECTS/
MECHANISM OF CONTRA- NURSING
DRUG NAME DRUG CLASS INDICATIONS ADVERSE
ACTION INDICATIONS CONSIDERATION
EFFECTS
Generic: Therapeutic: Inhibits calcium transport into Management -Hypersensitivity to drug CNS: dizziness, headache, Before:
Nicardipine Antianginal, antihypertensive myocardial and vascular For hypertension. -Advanced aortic stenosis asthenia, -Monitor BP and pulse
smooth muscle drowsiness, paresthesia before therapy.
Pharmacologic: cells, causing cardiac output CV: hypotension, peripheral -Monitor intake and
Brand: Calcium channel blocker and myocardial contractions to edema, output ratios and daily
Cardene decrease chest pain, increased angina, weight.
palpitations, tachycardia
Complete Prescription: GI: nausea, dyspepsia, dry During:
Start nicardipine drip with 10 mg mouth -Administer as indicated. Check
nicardipine in 90cc PNSS to run Musculoskeletal: myalgia dosage and preparations
at 30cc/hr, hold for SBP <=130 Skin: flushing carefully.
mmhg
After:
Date of Rx: -Observe for large peak and
trough differences in BP.
Initially, measure BP at peak
effect (1–2 h after dosing) and at
trough effect (8 h after dosing).
- Monitor for presence of
mentioned adverse effects.
-Document and record findings

SIDE EFFECTS/
MECHANISM OF CONTRA- NURSING
DRUG NAME DRUG CLASS INDICATIONS ADVERSE
ACTION INDICATIONS CONSIDERATION
EFFECTS
Generic: Therapeutic action: Appears to inhibit prostaglandin For fever If patient have known Hematologic: Before:
Paracetamol central analgesic synthesis in the CNS and to a lesser hypersensitivity to paracetamol Thrombocytopenia, -Assess for hypersensitivity;
extent, block pain impulses through hemolytic anemia, determine previous use of and
Complete Prescription: Pharmacologic action: non- peripheral action. Acts centrally on neutropenia, leukopenia, reactions to these types of
300mg IVTT q 4hours RTC narcotic analgesic, antipyretic hypothalamic heat-regulating center, pancytopenia medications.
producing peripheral vasodilation Hepatic: Jaundice, -Patient education about the use
Date of Rx: hepatotoxicity of drugs and potential side effects
Metabolic: Hyperglycemia,
coma During:
Derm: Rash, urticarial -Administer right drug to the
Other: Hypersensitivity right patient with the right dose,
reactions and frequency.

After:
-Observe patient for signs of
anaphylaxis.
-Check vital signs every hour as
indicated.
-Document and record findings.

SIDE EFFECTS/
MECHANISM OF CONTRA- NURSING
DRUG NAME DRUG CLASS INDICATIONS ADVERSE
ACTION INDICATIONS CONSIDERATION
EFFECTS
Generic: Therapeutic action: Anti- Binds to bacterial cell wall to treat a wide variety of If patient have hypersensitivity CNS: Seizures, Confusion, Before:
Piperacillin + tazobactam infectives; penicillin membrane, causing cell death. bacterial infections to penicillins, beta-lactams, dizziness, headache, insomnia, -Assess for hypersensitivity to
combination Spectrum is extended compared cephalosporins or tazobactam lethargy penicillins, beta-lactams,
with other penicillins. Tazobactam (cross-sensitivty may occur) GI: Pseudomembranous colitis, cephalosporins or tazobactam.
Brand: Pharmacologic action: extended inhibits beta-lactamase, an enzyme diarrhea, constipation, drug- Determine previous use of and
Pizotaz spectrum penicillin –b- that can destroy penicilllins. induced hepatitis, nausea and reactions to penicilins or
Lactamase inhibitor; Penicillin vomiting cephalosporins.
Complete Prescription: Therapeutic effect: Death of GU: Interstitial nephritis -Patient education about the use
4.5 grams IV infusion q 8hours susceptible bacteria Derm: rashes, urticarial of drugs and potential side
ANST Hemat: Bleeding, Leukopenia, effects
Neutropenia,
Date of Rx: Thrombocytopenia During:
-Administer right drug to the
Local: Pain, Phlebitis right patient with the right dose,
and frequency.

After:
-Document and evaluate
therapeutic effects.
-Observe patient for signs of
anaphylaxis.

SIDE EFFECTS/
MECHANISM OF CONTRA- NURSING
DRUG NAME DRUG CLASS INDICATIONS ADVERSE
ACTION INDICATIONS CONSIDERATION
EFFECTS
Generic: Therapeutic: Osmotic diuretic Elevates osmotic pressure of suspected inadequate renal Anuria secondary to severe CNS: dizziness, headache, Before:
Mannitol glomerular filtrate, inhibiting function renal seizures -Assess baseline vital signs
tubular reabsorption of water and Disease, Progressive heart CV: chest pain, hypotension, -Assess skin turgor, mucous
Pharmacologic: Polyol (sugar electrolytes, resulting in increased failure, pulmonary hypertension, tachycardia, membranes, mental status, and
Brand: alcohol) flow of water into interstitial congestion, renal damage, or thrombophlebitis, muscle strength.
Osmitrol fluid/plasma. renal dysfunction after heart failure, vascular -Obtain baseline weight and
mannitol therapy begins, overload chemistry studies
Therapeutic Effect: Pro duces Severe pulmonary congestion EENT: blurred vision, -Assess I&O
Complete Prescription: diuresis; reduces intraocular or pulmonary edema, Severe rhinitis
100cc IV bolus q 6hours pressure (IOP), intracranial dehydration GI: nausea, vomiting,
pressure (ICP), cerebral edema. diarrhea, dry
mouth During:
Date of Rx: GU: polyuria, urinary -Administer drug in the right
retention, patient, with the right dose,
osmotic nephrosis route, and time
Metabolic: dehydration,
water intoxication,
hypernatremia,
hyponatremia,
hypovolemia, hypokalemia, After:
hyperkalemia, metabolic -Check effectiveness of the
acidosis therapy
Respiratory: pulmonary -Continuously monitor
congestion neurologic status and urine
Skin: rash, urticaria output
Other: chills, fever, thirst, -Reassess signs/symptoms of
edema, dehydration
extravasation with edema -Watch out for abnormal
and tissue responses
necrosis -Document and record findings.
 SIDE EFFECTS/
MECHANISM OF CONTRA- NURSING
DRUG NAME DRUG CLASS INDICATIONS ADVERSE
ACTION INDICATIONS CONSIDERATION
EFFECTS
Generic: Therapeutic: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside Sinus Tachycardia -Hypersensitivity; CNS: Headache, weakness, Before
Digoxin Inotropic, anti-arrhythmic which has positive inotropic activity -Uncontrolled ventricular drowsiness, visual -Observe 15 rights in drug
characterized by an increase in the arrhythmias; disturbances mental status administration
force of myocardial contraction. It -AV block (in absence of change -Assess for allergy to digitalis
Brand: also reduces the conductivity of the pacemaker); preparations
Lanoxin of heart the atrioventricular through -Idiopathic hypertrophic CV arrhythmias -Assess for other
Pharmacologic: the (AV) node Digoxin also exerts subaortic stenosis; contraindications
Cardiac glycoside direct action non-vascular smooth -Constrictive pericarditis; GI upset, anorexia
Complete Prescription: muscle and indirect affects During
0.25mg IVTT now mediated primarily by the -Monitor apical pulse for one
autonomic nervous system and an minute before administration
increase in vagal activity. -Administer as indicated.
Date of Rx: -Check dosage and preparations
carefully
-Have emergency equipment
ready.

After
-Instruct to report slow or
irregular pulse, rapid weight
gain, loss of appetite, nausea,
vomiting, blurred or yellow
vision, unusual tiredness or
weakness, swelling of ankle, legs
or fingers, or difficulty of
breathing
-Monitor heart rate
-Monitor patients after
administering the drug
-Do proper documentation
 SIDE
MECHANISM OF CONTRA- EFFECTS/ NURSING
DRUG NAME DRUG CLASS INDICATIONS
ACTION INDICATIONS ADVERSE CONSIDERATION
EFFECTS
Generic: Therapeutic: Systemic vasodilation Management Hypersensitivity; CNS: dizziness, BEFORE:
Losartan + amlodipine antihypertensives resulting in decreased BP. for hypertension. Systolic BP less fatigue. -Assess for signs of HF
Coronary vasodilation than 90mmHg. (peripheral edema, rales/
Pharmacologic: resulting in decreased CV: peripheral crackles, dyspnea, weight
Brand: Angiotensin II frequency and severity of edema, angina, gain, jugular venous
Amlife receptor blockers, attacks of angina. bradycardia, distention).
calcium channel hypotension, -Monitor BP and pulse
blockers, and Causes vasodilation, palpitations. before therapy.
Complete Prescription: Sulfonamide decreases peripheral -Monitor intake and
100/10 mg 1tab OD derivative resistance, decreases B/P. GI: gingival output ratios and daily
hyperplasia, weight.
nausea.
Date of Rx: DURING:
Derm: flushing. PO: May be administered
without regard to meals.

AFTER:
-Advise patient to take
medication as directed,
even if feeling well. Take
missed doses as soon as
possible within 12 hours
of missed dose.
-Hypertension: Encourage
patient to comply with
other interventions for
hypertension. Medication
controls but does not
cure hypertension.
 SIDE EFFECTS/
MECHANISM OF CONTRA- NURSING
DRUG NAME DRUG CLASS INDICATIONS ADVERSE
ACTION INDICATIONS CONSIDERATION
EFFECTS
Generic: Therapeutic: Citicoline is a naturally occurring
Citicoline other psychostimulants and endogenous nucleoside involved in
nootropics. the biosynthesis of lecithin. It
Complete Prescription: increases the synthesis of
1gram IVTT q 8hours phosphatidylcholine (main neuronal
membrane phospholipid) and
Date of Rx: enhances acetylcholine production.
It is also claimed that it increases
blood flow and oxygen consumption
in the brain.
stroke (acute and sub-acute)
and head injury
Hypertonia of the Cardiac disorders:
parasympathetic Bradycardia, tachycardia.
nervous system. Gastrointestinal disorders:
Patients with persistent Diarrhea, epigastric
intracranial discomfort, stomach pain.
hemorrhage. General disorders and admin
Pregnancy and site conditions: Fatigue.
lactation. Nervous system disorders:
Dizziness, headache.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue
disorders: Rashes.
Vascular disorders:
Hypotension.
Before:
-Assess for hypersensitivity.
-Patient education about the use of drugs
and potential side effects
During:
-Administer right drug to the right patient
with the right dose, and frequency.
After:
-Document and evaluate therapeutic
effects.
-Observe patient for side effects and
adverse reaction.