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Current Affairs [PDF] - June 1-15, 2021
Last Updated: June 17, 2021

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Current Affairs [PDF] - June 1-15, 2021
Contents
......................... ......... ... ... ....... ......... ...............................................
News Headlines ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
June 1, 2021 .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
June 2, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3
June 3, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 4
June 4, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
June 5, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
June 7, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
June 8, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
June 9, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 7
June 10, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
June 11, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 9
June 12, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
June 13, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 10
June 14, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
June 15, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
June 1, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
India to start tests on mixed vaccines ............................................................................................................................................... 12
Vajra Kavach Disinfection System ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
What is Superworms? .......................................................................................................................................................................... 13
OECD estimate growth cut of India to 9.9% ................................................................................................................................ 13
AmbiTAG- India's first indigenous Temperature Data Logger ................................................................................................. 14
FICCI's Business Confidence Survey ................................................................................................................................................ 14
India Q4 GDP Data .............................................................................................................................................................................. 15
WHO names COVID-19 variants found in India ........................................................................................................................... 15
Goa Institution for Future Transformation (GIFT) ...................................................................................................................... 16
World Milk Day 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Heat deaths due to Global Warming ................................................................................................................................................ 17
Dip in EPF Savings- Highlights .......................................................................................................................................................... 17
Naomi Osaka withdraws from French Open ................................................................................................................................. 18
SBI revises FY22 GDP projection to 7.9% ..................................................................................................................................... 18
The State of Ransomware 2021 report ........................................................................................................................................... 19
June 2, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 19
World's first Human case of H10N3 Bird Flu ................................................................................................................................ 19
Gender gap in India's Vaccination Drive ........................................................................................................................................ 20
New Zealand signs space agreement with NASA ........................................................................................................................ 20
Microsoft launches Asia-Pacific Cybersecurity Council .............................................................................................................. 20
Gujarat to grant Centre of Excellence status 7 Universities ........................................................................................................ 21
China creates Defence system along LAC ....................................................................................................................................... 21
WHO clears Chinese Vaccine Sinovac for global use ................................................................................................................... 22
US ends Migrant Protection Protocols ............................................................................................................................................ 22
Canada approves Mixing & Matching Covid-19 vaccine brands ............................................................................................... 23
BRICS Foreign Ministers hold virtual meeting .............................................................................................................................. 23
Cabinet approves Model Tenancy Act ............................................................................................................................................ 24
Cabinet approves MoC between India & Japan on Sustainable Urban Development .......................................................... 24
NHRC advisories on Bonded Labourers & Migrant Workers .................................................................................................... 24
SWASTIIK Technology for Disinfecting Water ............................................................................................................................ 25
June 3, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 26
Kharg- Iran's largest warship ............................................................................................................................................................ 26
What is Red Tourism? ........................................................................................................................................................................ 26
Two Russian crew do spacewalk at ISS ......................................................................................................................................... 26
MadadMap: Real-time online map of vacant beds ....................................................................................................................... 27
K.P. Krishnan Committee on Variable Capital Company submits report ............................................................................... 27
Health Minister launches revamped health schemes .................................................................................................................... 28
COVAXIN trial starts on children .................................................................................................................................................... 28
Maharashtra Launched Corona-Free Village Competitions ........................................................................................................ 29
UNICEF- Moderna Vaccine supply agreement ............................................................................................................................. 29
© 2021 GKToday | All Rights Reserved | https://www.gktoday.in 2
NASA announces Two Robotic Missions to Venus ..................................................................................................................... 30

RDSO- India's First Standard Developing Organization ............................................................................................................. 30
Seed Minikit Programme launched ................................................................................................................................................... 31
ICMR approves PanBio Test Kit ........................................................................................................................................................ 31
Japan pledges additional 800 mn dollars to COVAX Facility .................................................................................................... 32
India-UK launch Workstream to promote industrial energy efficiency ................................................................................... 32
June 4, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 32
NITI Aayog Sustainable Development Index ................................................................................................................................. 32
China launches New Generation Meteorological Satellite .......................................................................................................... 33
World Bicycle Day 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 33
NITI Aayog submits names of PSU banks to be privatised ....................................................................................................... 34
Govt sets up Expert group on Fixation of Minimum wages ...................................................................................................... 34
HDFC Bank to turn carbon neutral by 2031-32 ........................................................................................................................... 35
UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration Report .............................................................................................................................. 35
Mission Innovation CleanTech Exchange ....................................................................................................................................... 36
What is USA's EAGLE Act? ............................................................................................................................................................... 36
Chip-Off Technique developed to Retrieve Encrypted Data ...................................................................................................... 37
Senior Care Ageing Growth Engine (SAGE) Project .................................................................................................................. 37
Blue-finned Mahseer moved out of IUCN red list ....................................................................................................................... 38
Teacher Eligibility Test certificate made valid for lifetime .......................................................................................................... 38
IIT-Hyderabad develops Nano-Fibre based Amphotericin B oral tablets ............................................................................... 39
Three caves found in Buddhist Caves Complex, Nasik ............................................................................................................... 39
June 5, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 40
RBI Monetary Policy 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................. 40
SpaceX launches 22nd Resupply Services Mission to ISS .......................................................................................................... 40
World Sustainable Development Summit 2021 ............................................................................................................................. 41
IISR gets Patent for Black Pepper Micronutrient .......................................................................................................................... 41
SEBI Increases Foreign Investment Limit for MFs ....................................................................................................................... 42
World Environment Day 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................... 42
DAC clears deal for 6 submarines ................................................................................................................................................... 43
Kerala launches 'Knowledge Economy Mission' ........................................................................................................................... 43
Oasis of Hope: Film Division's online festival ................................................................................................................................ 43
Indonesia's Merapi volcano erupts ................................................................................................................................................... 44
CBSE introduces Coding and Data Science ................................................................................................................................... 44
Denmark approves Artificial Island off Copenhagen ................................................................................................................... 45
Ladakh launches YounTab scheme .................................................................................................................................................. 45
NTPC joins UN’s CEO Water Mandate .......................................................................................................................................... 46
June 7, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 46
Haryana to create 80 acres of 'Oxi-van' ........................................................................................................................................ 46
PM Modi launches E-100 project .................................................................................................................................................... 47
Raimona - Sixth national park of Assam ........................................................................................................................................ 47
Maharashtra launches Annual Priority Sector Credit Plan ......................................................................................................... 48
SpaceX rocket carries squids, microorganisms to ISS ................................................................................................................ 48
State of India’s Environment Report 2021 ..................................................................................................................................... 49
Performance Grading Index 2019-20 released ............................................................................................................................. 49
Goa to restore forts, temples of Shivaji .......................................................................................................................................... 50
24 years of BIMSTEC ......................................................................................................................................................................... 50
G7 deal on Minimum Global Corporate Tax ................................................................................................................................. 51
Income Tax Department to launch its new e-filing portal .......................................................................................................... 51
Delhi's 'Jahan Vote, Wahan Vaccination' Campaign ..................................................................................................................... 52
World Ocean Day 2021 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Solar-Powered Bitcoin Mining facility launched in U.S. .............................................................................................................. 52
June 8, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 53
World Employment and Social Outlook 2021 ............................................................................................................................... 53
Draft Rules for Live-Streaming of Court Proceedings ................................................................................................................. 53
World Bank approves program to boost MSME sector .............................................................................................................. 54
Russia formally exits from Open Skies pact ................................................................................................................................... 55
ISRO develops 3 Cost-Effective Ventilators .................................................................................................................................... 55

India elected to UN Economic and Social Council ....................................................................................................................... 56

Weyan: 1st Village to Vaccinate 100% Adult Population ............................................................................................................. 56
WHO warns against Overpriced Vaccines ...................................................................................................................................... 56
Maldives' Foreign Minister elected as UNGA President ............................................................................................................. 57
MIT generates Electricity from Carbon Nanotubes ..................................................................................................................... 57
First CAR-T Cell Therapy Conducted ............................................................................................................................................ 58
CRISIL cuts India's GDP forecast to 9.5% from 11% .................................................................................................................. 58
Special e-content for the Divyang released .................................................................................................................................... 59
June 9, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 59
Surakshit Hum Surakshit Tum Abhiyaan ....................................................................................................................................... 59
Russia’s first full Stealth Naval Ship ................................................................................................................................................. 60
Assam to provide Bharat Ratna and Padma like Awards ........................................................................................................... 60
Sunil Chhetri passes Lionel Messi in international goals .............................................................................................................. 61
Indian Navy to receive MH-60 Romeo helicopters from US ..................................................................................................... 61
Anup Chandra Pandey appointed as Election Commissioner .................................................................................................... 62
Economist's annual survey of World's Most Liveable Cities ....................................................................................................... 62
World Bank's Global Economic Prospects Update ....................................................................................................................... 62
QS World University Rankings 2022 ............................................................................................................................................... 63
Vaccine Prices capped for Private Hospitals .................................................................................................................................. 64
CESL-Ladakh sign pact to make Ladakh Carbon-neutral .......................................................................................................... 64
Two species of Monals sighted together in Arunachal Pradesh ............................................................................................... 64
Government approves construction of 3.61 lakh houses under PMAY-U .............................................................................. 65
El Salvador: First country to formally adopt bitcoin as legal tender ......................................................................................... 65
June 10, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 66
Centre announces hike in MSP for Kharif Crops ........................................................................................................................ 66
India - Thailand CORPAT Exercise begins .................................................................................................................................... 67
Cabinet allocates 5 MHz spectrum for Indian Railways ............................................................................................................. 67
Confederation of Hospitality, Technology and Tourism Industry (CHATT) ........................................................................ 68
U.S. passes bill to address China Tech Threat .............................................................................................................................. 68
UDID card for Co-WIN registration ............................................................................................................................................... 68
WTO to start Covid-19 Vaccine Supply Negotiations ................................................................................................................. 69
ILO- UNICEF Report on Child Labour ........................................................................................................................................... 69
What is 'Miraculous' mosquito hack? ............................................................................................................................................. 70
Costs of Climate Change in India report- GDP to reduce annually ........................................................................................ 70
IIT-Kharagpur develops Early Cyclone Detection Technique .................................................................................................... 71
WHO Handbook on Foodborne Diseases ....................................................................................................................................... 71
Antibody Cocktail treatment for Covid ........................................................................................................................................... 72
ISRO to assist Development Projects in Northeast ....................................................................................................................... 72
India to add 20 GW of Wind Energy Capacity by 2025: GWEC ............................................................................................. 73
June 11, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73
China Passes Law against Foreign Sanctions ................................................................................................................................. 73
All India Survey on Higher Education 2019-2020 ....................................................................................................................... 73
Google to build longest Undersea Cable in the World ................................................................................................................ 74
What is Space plate Light Manipulation? ....................................................................................................................................... 74
Global House Price Index 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................ 75
International Level Crossing Awareness Day ................................................................................................................................. 75
US announces 500 Million Vaccine doses to Poor Countries ................................................................................................... 76
Master Plan Delhi 2041 ...................................................................................................................................................................... 76
India’s Agri Exports during 2020-21 grew 17.34% ..................................................................................................................... 77
India’s exports of organic farm products rose 51% in 2020-21 ............................................................................................... 77
PM Modi to participate in outreach session of G7 Summit ...................................................................................................... 78
ATM cash withdrawal rule changed ............................................................................................................................................... 78
Dihing Patkai: 7th National Park of Assam ................................................................................................................................... 79
G-7 plans 1 billion extra Covid-19 shots by 2022 ....................................................................................................................... 79
May records 2nd highest rainfall in 121 years ............................................................................................................................... 80
June 12, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 80
Maharashtra: Action plan to Protect Heritage Trees ................................................................................................................... 80
UNDP report on Aspirational Districts Programme ..................................................................................................................... 81

Albania, Brazil, Gabon, Ghana, UAE Elected to UNSC ................................................................................................................ 81

What is New Atlantic Charter? ......................................................................................................................................................... 82
India-Kuwait MoU on Domestic Worker Recruitment ............................................................................................................... 82
Flipkart to lead 'Medicines from the Sky’ project ........................................................................................................................ 83
TRAI released new framework for broadcasting & cable services ........................................................................................... 83
ICMR to start 4th National Sero Survey ........................................................................................................................................ 84
Border Roads Organisation sets up two CoE ................................................................................................................................ 84
Module to compile Out-of-school children's data ........................................................................................................................ 85
ESA announces orbiter to study Venus ........................................................................................................................................... 85
RBI extends Risk Based Internal Audit rules to HFCs ................................................................................................................. 86
Rebecca Grynspan: 1st woman to head UNCTAD ...................................................................................................................... 86
India: 4th largest Forex Reserves holder ........................................................................................................................................ 87
Ayush Ministry launches ‘Namaste Yoga’ Mobile App ............................................................................................................... 87
June 14, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 87
FAME II Amendment ......................................................................................................................................................................... 87
Pulitzer Prize 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 88
World Day Against Child Labour 2021 .......................................................................................................................................... 88
New Policy for Declassification of War Histories ......................................................................................................................... 89
Who was Margherita Hack? ............................................................................................................................................................. 89
UN conference on Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought ....................................................................................... 90
Novak Djokovic clinches French open Men's Singles title ......................................................................................................... 90
PROJECT O2 for INDIA .................................................................................................................................................................... 90
M.P. to launch 'Yuva Shakti Corona Mukti Abhiyan’ .................................................................................................................. 91
Naftali Bennett: New Prime Minister of Israel ............................................................................................................................... 91
UNICEF Study on Ethiopia's Malnourished Children .................................................................................................................. 92
44th GST Council Meeting ............................................................................................................................................................... 92
3D-printed Masks Coated with Anti-Viral Agents Developed by Pune-based firm ............................................................. 93
What is Operation Olivia? .................................................................................................................................................................. 93
India begins 'Extension of Hospitals' Project ................................................................................................................................. 94
June 15, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 94
Raja Parba- Odisha's Famous Festival ............................................................................................................................................. 94
World Blood Donor Day .................................................................................................................................................................... 95
Jivan Vayu: IIT Ropar’s power- free CPAP device ........................................................................................................................ 95
Mandatory Hallmarking of Gold Jewellery .................................................................................................................................... 96
RBI expands Scope of BBPS .............................................................................................................................................................. 96
Shenzhou-12: China's First Human Spaceflight since 2016 ....................................................................................................... 97
World Giving Index 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................... 97
NATO Summit 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 98
India Interagency Expert Committee on Malaria and Climate (IEC) ....................................................................................... 98
Great Indian Bustards and related conflict with Power Lines ................................................................................................... 98
India exports GI certified ‘Jardalu’ Mangoes to UK ..................................................................................................................... 99
Researchers developed improved method of imaging objects through fog ........................................................................... 99
UN Trade Forum 2021 ..................................................................................................................................................................... 100
New Zealand to launch World's First Wooden Satellite ............................................................................................................ 100
120 Multiple Choice Questions ................................................................................................................................................................ 101
Notice ............................................................................................................................................................................................................ 130

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News Headlines
June 1, 2021
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for June 1, 2021.
INDIA
– There is digital divide: SC tells Centre on mandatory CoWIN registration for Covid-19 vaccination
– SC protects Telugu channels TV5 and ABN from any coercive action by the AP govt. for their reportage of
the COVID-19 pandemic
– Central Vista essential project, work to continue, rules Delhi High Court
– Delhi High Court gives Twitter 3 weeks to comply with Information Technology (Guidelines for
Intermediaries and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021
– West Bengal: Chief Secretary Alapan Bandyopadhyay retired, appointed Advisor to CM Mamata Banerjee
– Kerala Assembly passes resolution seeking recall of Lakshadweep administrator Praful Khoda Patel
– Maharashtra govt extends EWS (economically weaker section) quota to Marathas
– AP Govt. to set up 30 skill development colleges, 1 skill development university
– UP Govt. announces Rs 10 lakh financial aid for family members of journalists who died due to COVID-19
– Justice Vikramjit Sen to head Digital Media Content Regulatory Council of IBF (Indian Broadcasting
Foundation)
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Fiscal deficit for 2020-21 at 9.3% of GDP, revenue deficit at 7.42% of GDP: Govt. data
– India’s GDP grows 1.6% in fourth quarter, contracts 7.3% in 2020-21: Govt. data
– Eight core sectors’ output grows 56% in April on low base effect
– IIT-Ropar develops AmbiTAG, India’s first indigenous temperature data logger for cold chain management
– Agriculture and Farmers Welfare Minister Narendra Singh Tomar launches Horticulture Cluster
Development Programme (CDP)
– Defence Minister approves proposal to procure 108 items only from indigenous sources
– CII elects Tata Steel CEO and MD T V Narendran as its new president
– CBDT chairman PC Mody retires, CBDT member Jagannath Mohapatra to discharge duties of chairman for
3 months
WORLD
– Partnering for Green Growth and the Global Goals 2030 Summit hosted by South Korea.
– World No Tobacco Day observed on May 31, theme: ‘Commit to Quit’.
– In major break from past, China allows couples to have three children.
June 2, 2021
INDIA
– WHO names Covid-19 variants found in India as ‘Kappa’ (B.1.617.1) and ‘Delta’ (B.1.617.2)
– Noted lawyer Mahesh Jethmalani, former journalist Swapan Dasgupta nominated to the Rajya
Sabha
– Lieutenant General Pradeep Chandran Nair takes charge as Director General of Assam Rifles
– Former SC judge Arun Kumar Mishra appointed new chairperson of National Human Rights
Commission (NHRC)
– CBSE Class 12 Board exams cancelled due to Covid-19
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh speaks to Australian counterpart Peter Dutton
– EAM S. Jaishankar chairs BRICS foreign ministers’ meeting
– Delhi’s amended excise rules allow home delivery of Indian, foreign liquor
– Syed Akbaruddin, former permanent representative of India to UN, joins Kautilya School of Public

Policy in Hyderabad as its dean

ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Manufacturing PMI (Purchasing Managers’ Index) drops to 50.8 in May from 55.5 the previous
month
– Moody’s Investors Service pegs India’s GDP growth at 9.3% in FY22, 7.9% in FY23
– RDSO (Research Design and Standards Organisation) and BIS (Bureau of Indian Standards) to
jointly set norms for goods and services used by Railways
– Transport Ministry proposes exemption of battery-operated vehicles from RC (registration
certificate) issue
– Govt., Oil & Gas PSUs sign cooperation agreement to boost SATAT (Sustainable Alternative
Towards Affordable Transportation) scheme
WORLD
– Global Day of Parents observed on June 1
– World Milk Day observed on June 1, theme: ‘Sustainability in the dairy sector’
SPORTS
– Asian Boxing Championships in Dubai: Sanjeet wins gold in men’s 91kg, Amit Panghal (52kg) and
Shiva Thapa (64kg) win silver
June 3, 2021
INDIA
– SC calls centre’s paid vaccination policy for 18-44-year age group as “prima facie arbitrary and
irrational”
– Centre prohibits retired officials in intelligence or security related organisations to publish
information related to their organisation without clearance from competent authority
– Uttarakhand: CM Tirath Singh Rawat inaugurates 500-bed hospital set up by DRDO for COVID-19
patients in Haldwani
– State Formation Day of Telangana celebrated on June 2, created in 2014 after separation from AP
– Former SC Judge justice Arun Mishra appointed new Chairperson of NHRC (National Human
Rights Commission)
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Agriculture Ministry distributing higher yielding varieties of seeds to farmers launches Seed
Minikit Programme
– India launches Mission Innovation CleanTech Exchange, a global initiative to accelerate clean
energy innovation, at the ‘Innovating to Net Zero Summit’ hosted by Chile
– Union Cabinet approves Model Tenancy Act for circulation to all States and UTs; cap of two
months’ rent on the security deposit to be paid by tenants for residential properties proposed
– Country to soon get 8 new Flying Training Academies under liberalised FTO (Flying Training
Organisation) policy of AAI
– Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd (GCMMF) (Amul) MD Dr. R. S. Sodhi elected
to the Board of International Dairy Federation (IDF)
– DGCI (Drug Controller General of India) waives requirement of conducting clinical trials and
testing of every batch of imported vaccine
– MoC (memorandum of cooperation) with Japan in the field of sustainable urban development
approved by Cabinet
– Cabinet gives ex-post facto nod for signing, ratifying SCO agreement on mass media cooperation
WORLD
– UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres praises Leadership Group for Industry Transition (LeadIT),
an Indian-Swedish climate initiative
– Isaac Herzog elected new President of Israel by the Knesset (parliament)
– Global unemployment rate will be 5.7% in 2022: International Labour Organisation

– BRICS foreign ministers support the issue of TRIPS waiver for Covid-19 vaccines
– Fire-stricken Singapore-flagged cargo ship MV X-Press Pearl sinks in Colombo Harbour
– Kharg, the largest warship in the Iranian navy, catches fire and sinks in the Gulf of Oman
– U.S. President Joe Biden suspends ‘s oil & gas leases given by Trump in the Arctic
– WHO approves China’s SINOVAC Covid vaccine for Emergency Use Listing
– Japan raises contribution to UN’s COVAX programme of providing vaccines to poor countries to $1
billion
– Dr Patrick Amoth appointed as Chair of WHO Executive Board: Harsh Vardhan
– Tejinder Singh, founder & editor of India America Today newswire, dies in US
June 4, 2021
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for May 4, 2021
INDIA
– Kerala retains top rank in NITI Aayog’s SDG (Sustainable Development Goals) Index, Bihar worst
performer
– SC quashes sedition case registered against journalist Vinod Dua for criticising PM and the govt. in
a YouTube telecast
– Retired officials taking up a private job soon after retirement akin to misconduct: CVC
– Submit assessment criteria for Class XII students in 2 weeks, SC tells CBSE, ICSE
– WhatsApp indulging in ‘anti-user practices’ by obtaining ‘trick consent’, Centre tells Delhi HC
– Noted Assamese litterateur and Padma Shri awardee Lakshmi Nandan Bora dies in Guwahati at
the age of 91; awarded Sahitya Akademi Award in 1988 and Saraswati Samman in 2008
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Centre sets up expert group for fixing minimum wages and national floor minimum wages; to be
chaired by Professor Ajit Mishra, director of the Institute of Economic Growth
– May Services PMI (Purchasing Managers’ Index) shrinks to 46.4 vs 54 in April; lowest level since
August
– Defence Ministry signs ₹323-cr. deal for airport surveillance radars with Mahindra Telephonics
Integrated Systems
– Union Minister of State for Finance and Corporate Affairs Anurag Singh Thakur launches IEPFA’s
6 modules of short films titled “Hisaab Ki Kitaab”; IEPFA: Investor Education & Protection Fund
Authority
– Union Minister for Food Processing Industries Narendra Singh Tomar virtually inaugurates Indus
Best Mega Food Park at Raipur, Chhattisgarh
– Mizoram struggling with livestock sector due to African Swine Fever: CM Zoramthanga
– Enforcement Directorate arrests RJD Rajya Sabha MP Amarendra Dhari Singh in connection with a
money laundering case probe linked to an alleged fertiliser scam
– Indian economist Kalpana Kochhar joining Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation after retiring from
IMF
WORLD
– French novelist David Diop wins International Booker Prize for books translated into English with
his novel ‘At Night All Blood is Black’; translator Anna Moschovakis gets half the £50,000 ($70,850)
prize
– Jodie Foster to be honoured with Palme d’or at 2021 Cannes Film Festival
– Pakistan holds military exercise ‘Taskheer-e-Jabal’ in Pakistan-occupied Kashmir
– African Union suspends Mali after military coup & threatens sanctions
– World Bicycle Day celebrated on June 3
June 5, 2021
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for May 5, 2021.
INDIA
– Visa validity of stranded foreigners in India extended till August 31

– Indian Navy’s lone nuclear attack submarine INS Chakra heading back to Russia after expiry of
lease
– Hydrographic survey ship INS Sandhayak decommissioned after 40 years of service at
Visakhapatnam
MONETARY POLICY REVIEW
– RBI’s monetary policy committee (MPC) maintains key interest rates while retaining an
accommodative stance
– Repo rate and the reverse repo rate were kept unchanged at 4% and 3.35%, respectively
– MSF (Marginal Standing Facility) and bank rate kept unchanged at 4.25%
– 2021-22 GDP forecast cut to 9.5% from the earlier estimate of 10.5%
– Retail inflation in 2021-22 projected at 5.1%
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Covid relief: RBI allows loan recast upto Rs 50 crore for struggling small companies
– RBI creates liquidity window of Rs 15,000 crore to help hotels, tourism with a tenor of 3 years at
repo rate
– Foreign exchange reserves touch record high of USD 598.165 billion in the week ended May 28
– Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) issues revised SOP (standard operating procedure) related to
the adoption of the “Integrity Pact” for procurements and award of government contracts
– CVC (Central Vigilance Commission) lays down rules for post-retirement hiring of officials by
government organisations
– Defence Ministry approves construction of 6 advanced submarines at cost of Rs 43,000 cr
– Purchase of indigenous air defence guns, ammunition worth Rs 6,000 crore cleared
– Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment Thaawarchand Gehlot launches SAGE (Seniorcare
Aging Growth Engine) initiative and SAGE portal for elderly persons
WORLD
– US President Joe Biden signs executive order banning US entities from investing in 59 Chinese
companies
– Belarus carriers to be banned from flying over EU territory or having access to its airports from
June 4
– Anerood Jugnauth, former President and PM of Mauritius, dies at 91; awarded Padma Vibhushan in
2020 by India
– International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression observed on June 4
June 7, 2021
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for May 7, 2021
INDIA
– India slips two spots to rank 117 on 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that were adopted
as a part of the 2030 agenda by 193 UN member states in 2015
– Education Ministry releases Performance Grading Index (PGI) 2019-20 for States and Union
Territories; Punjab, Chandigarh, – Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and Kerala occupy the
highest grade (Grade A++)
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– SIDBI on behalf of the government invites bids from consultants to help set up Rs 20,000 crore DFI
called National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NaBFID)
WORLD
– BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) Day
celebrated on June 6
– Interpol launches global database named “I-Familia” to identify missing persons through family
DNA
– Nepal: New Constitutional Bench formed to hear petitions against House of Representatives
dissolution

– UN celebrates Russian Language Day on June 6

SPORTS
– Sifan Hassan of the Netherlands sets women’s 10,000m world record of 29 min 6.82 sec
– Red Bull driver Sergio Perez wins Formula One Azerbaijan Grand Prix in Baku
June 8, 2021
Here are Today’s News Headlines by GK Today for June 8, 2021
INDIA
– SC releases Draft Model Rules for Live-Streaming and Recording of Court Proceedings; invites
inputs from all stakeholders
– Centre issues SOPs for vaccination of persons undertaking international travel for educational
purposes
– Covid-19: PM announces free vaccine to all above 18 years from June 21
– Covid-19: Private hospitals can charge maximum Rs 150 for a single dose
– Assam govt. approves rehabilitation package for 4036 National Democratic Front of Boroland
(NDFB) cadres
– Indian Navy to receive its first batch of MH-60 Romeo helicopters from the US in July; made by
Lockheed Martin
– Vice Admiral Rajesh Pendharkar assumes Charge as Director General Naval Operations
– Delhi Govt. launches ‘Jahan Vote, Wahan Vaccination’ campaign; people to visit their designated
polling stations to get vaccinated
– Haryana: Supreme Court orders removal of encroachments, including about 10,000 residential
constructions, in Aravalli forest land
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt extends free food grains scheme PMGKAY (Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana) till
November for 80 crore beneficiaries
– Under PMGKAY, Centre is distributing 5 kg food grains per person per month free of cost
– World Bank approves $500 mn RAMP (Raising and Accelerating Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprise (MSME) Performance) program to help boost India’s MSME sector
– SEBI fines Franklin Templeton AMC, bars launch of new debt scheme for 2 yrs
WORLD
– World Food Safety Day observed on June 7, theme: “Food safety, everyone’s business”
– France: Google fined 220 mn euros for abuse of market power in ad business
– Ali Akbar Mohtashamipour, Iranian cleric who helped found the Lebanese militant group
Hezbollah, dies at 74
June 9, 2021
INDIA
– Centre issues guidelines for development of e-Content for Children with disabilities
– India elected to 54-member UN Economic and Social Council for 2022-24 term
– Bombay HC cancels scheduled caste certificate of Amravati Lok Sabha member Navneet Kaur
Rana, was elected as an independent in 2019
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Government places orders for 44 crore doses Covid-19 vaccines comprising Covishield made by
Serum Institute of India and Covaxin made by Bharat Biotech
– Jal Shakti Ministry allocates Rs 40,700 crore under Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) phase-2
towards solid and liquid waste management
– SEBI asks mutual funds to classify debt schemes on credit, interest rate risk basis
– New e-filing website of the Income Tax Department launched: incometax.gov.in
– World Bank slashes India’s 2021-22 GDP growth forecast to 8.3% in its latest issue of Global
Economic Prospects
– CESL (Convergence Energy Services Limited) and Ladakh sign an MoU to make the Union
Territory carbon neutral
– Minister for Petroleum & Natural Gas and Steel Dharmendra Pradhan inaugurates GAIL group’s
201 CNG stations across the Country
WORLD
– Global economy expected to grow 5.6% in 2021: World Bank said in its latest Global Economic
Prospects report
– Hundreds arrested in 18 countries in global crackdown on organised crime called “Operation
Ironside”
– UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres gets 2nd term beginning January 1, 2022, is holding office
since January 1, 2017
– World Oceans Day celebrated on June 8; theme: “The Ocean: Life and Livelihoods”
– Maldives’ Foreign Minister Abdulla Shahid elected as President of the 76th session of UN General
Assembly that will commence in September
– Pakistan: 40 killed in collision between two passenger trains in Sindh province; Millat Express was
going from Karachi to Sargodha while Sir Syed Express was going from Rawalpindi (Punjab) to
Karachi
SPORTS
– FIFA World Cup Qualifiers: India beat Bangladesh 2-0 in Doha as captain Sunil Chhetri scored both
goals
June 10, 2021
INDIA
– 3 Indian institutions — IIT, Bombay (177), IIT Delhi (185), and IISc, Bengaluru (186) — in top-200
of QS World University Rankings 2022
– India-Thailand coordinated patrol (CORPAT) being held in the Andaman Sea from June 9 to 11
– UDID (Unique Disability Identification) card can be used to register on CoWIN
– A.P. to help vendors, small traders with interest-free loans under Jagananna Thodu scheme
– All jobs in Ladakh UT reserved for the residents of the region
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt hikes kharif MSP by up to Rs 452/quintal for crop season (July-June) 2021-22, maximum in
pulses, oil seeds
– Govt approves to allotment of 5 MHz spectrum in 700 MHz frequency band to Railways for
enhanced safety and security of train operations
– Digital India Corporation (DIC) and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) signed MoU to
provide ‘Demand Based Tele Agriculture Advisories’ to farmers
– Govt fixes maximum rates private hospitals can charge for three Covid-19 vaccines; Rs 780 for
Covishield, Rs 1,410 for Covaxin and Rs 1,145 Sputnik V
– NCLT approves Piramal Group’s bid for bankrupt-DHFL, subject to approval from NCLAT and SC
– Finance Ministry releases third instalment of Post Devolution Revenue Deficit (PDRD) Grant of Rs
9,871 cr to 17 states
– RBI asks banks to preserve CCTV footage of demonetisation days (November 8, 2016 to December
30, 2016)
– MoU signed between Society of Indian Defence Manufacturers and Swedish Security and Defence
Industry Association to promote bilateral defence industrial relations
– Piramal Foundation, NITI Aayog unveil ‘Surakshit Hum Surakshit Tum Abhiyaan’ to provide COVID
home care to citizens staying in rural areas of 112 aspirational districts
– Tenure of LIC Chairman M. R. Kumar extended till March 13, 2022, was supposed to end on June
30, 2021

WORLD
– Auckland (NZ) tops Economist Intelligence Unit’s Global Liveability Index of 140 cities around the
world
– Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) of US tops QS World University Rankings 2022
– UN General Assembly approves a declaration calling for urgent action to end AIDS by 2030
– El Salvador becomes first country to adopt bitcoin as legal tender
– Interpol-led Operation Pangea XIV targeted sale of counterfeit health products around the world
SPORTS
– Indian Olympic Association (IOA) drops Chinese sportswear Li Ning as its official kit sponsor for
the Tokyo Olympics; country’s athletes will wear unbranded apparel
– Refugee team of 29 athletes to participate in Tokyo Olympic Games in July 2021
June 11, 2021
AISHE 2019-20 REPORT
– Union Education Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’ releases All India Survey on Higher
Education (AISHE) 2019-20 report
– Total Enrolment in Higher Education stands at 3.85 crore in 2019-20
– Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER), the percentage of students belonging to the eligible age group
enrolled in Higher Education, in 2019-20 is 27.1%
– Gender Parity Index (GPI) in Higher Education in 2019-20 improved to 1.01 (1.00 in 2018-19)
– Pupil Teacher Ratio in Higher Education in 2019-20 is 26.
– The number of students pursuing PhD in 2019-20 is 2.03 lakh
– The Total Number of Teachers stands at 15,03,156 comprising of 57.5% male and 42.5% female.
INDIA
– Union Health Minister Harsh Vardhan addresses the first meeting of the World Health
Organization High-Level Coalition on Health and Energy Platform of Action
– Director General of Health Services (DGHC) issues guidelines for treatment of Covid-19 in
children, discourages use of Remdesivir
– Bengali director Buddhadeb Dasgupta dies at 77; 5 of his films won National Film Award for Best
Feature Film
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– India’s agriculture exports increase 17.34% at $41.25 billion in 2020-21
– RBI hikes interchange fee per ATM transaction from Rs 15 to Rs 17 for financial transactions and
from Rs 5 to Rs 6 for non-financial transactions
– IAMAI (Internet and Mobile Association of India) appoints former SC judge Justice Arjan Kumar
Sikri as Chairman of OTT players’ grievance redressal board
– ICMR approves ‘CoviFind’ Rapid Antigen Test kit for COVID-19 made by Gujarat-based Meril
Diagnostics
– Govt allows LPG customers to have a choice of distributor for LPG refill
WORLD
– U.S. to buy and donate 500 million Pfizer vaccines to developing countries from August onwards
– US revokes ban on Chinese apps TikTok, WeChat
– UNGA President-elect Abdulla Shahid appoints India’s K. Nagaraj Naidu as Chef de Cabinet
– EAM Dr S Jaishankar holds discussion with Kuwaiti counterpart Dr Ahmed Nasser Mohammed Al
Sabah in Kuwait City
SPORTS
– Asian Games (1998) gold medallist boxer Dingko Singh dies at 42; won Arjuna award in 1998 and
Padma Shri in 2013

June 12, 2021

INDIA
– UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) India lauds Aspirational Districts Programme
(ADP), recommends replication in other parts of the world
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurates two centres of excellence of the Border Roads
Organisation (BRO) in New Delhi: CoERSA (Centre of Excellence for Road Safety and Awareness)
and CoERBAT (Centre of Excellence for Roads, Bridges, Air Fields and Tunnels)
– National Security Guard (NSG) and the Rashtriya Raksha University (RRU) sign MoU for
cooperation and collaboration
– RRU is an institute set up under the Ministry of Home Affairs and is located in Gandhinagar,
Gujarat
– Environmentalist Sunita Narain appointed to an international advisory group for climate action by
Swedish Minister for International Development Cooperation
– Neurologist and Padma Shri recipient Dr Ashok Panagariya dies at 71
– Padma Shri awardee environmentalist Professor Radha Mohan dies at 78
– ICMR to start national sero surveys to assess COVID-19 spread: Health ministry
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Road Transport and Highways Ministry notifies rules mandatory for accredited Drivers Training
Centres; should have simulators and dedicated driving test track
– SBI offers collateral-free Kavach personal loans for Covid-stressed customers; maximum of Rs 5
lakh loan can be availed at 8.5% per annum for a period of 5 years
– Foreign exchange reserves (USD 605.008 billion) cross the USD 600 billion mark for the first time
in the week ended June 4,
– India, Kuwait sign MoU for cooperation on recruitment of domestic workers
– Factory output, as measured by the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), rose 134.4% in April 2021
WORLD
– China passes legislation banning “defamation” of military personnel
– U.S. repatriates 27 stolen antiquities to Cambodia valued at about USD 3.8 million
SPORTS
– Letesenbet Gidey of Ethiopia creates new world record in women’s 10,000m at 29 minutes, 1.03
seconds
– India’s Neeraj Chopra wins gold in men’s javelin throw (83.18m) at City of Lisbon athletics meet in
Portugal
June 13, 2021
INDIA
– Rajnath Singh approves policy on archiving, declassification & compilation of war/operations
histories after 25 years
– First batch of three Advanced Light Helicopters (ALH) Mk-III inducted into the Indian Coast Guard
(ICG); manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
– Govt. refuses to exempt digital news content of TV channels and print media from the ambit of the
IT Rules, 2021
– Execute ‘One Nation One Ration Card’ scheme, Supreme Court tells West Bengal Govt.
– NCPEDP (National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People) announces fellowship
on disability issues for the differently-abled youth
– Telangana: Former TRS minister Eatala Rajender resigns as MLA after land encroachment
allegations
– Mukesh Sharma, a professor at IIT-Kanpur, appointed honorary member of WHO Global Air
Pollution and Health-Technical Advisory Group (GAPH-TAG)

– Vice-President of Ramakrishna Math and Mission Swami Shivamayanandaji dies in Kolkata at 86

ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Exemptions and GST reductions on COVID-related equipment and drugs extended till September
WORLD
– G7 Leaders’ Summit being held in Carbis Bay, England from June 11 to 13
– G7 leaders announce “Build Back Better World” (B3W) project aimed at competing with China’s
Belt and Road infrastructure initiative
– G7 leaders announce “Carbis Bay Declaration” commitments to curb future pandemics after
Covid-19
– Brazil, UAE, Albania, Ghana and Gabon elected to UNSC for 2-year term beginning January 1, 2022
– Costa Rican economist Rebecca Grynspan appointed new Secretary General of UNCTAD (United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development)
– World Day Against Child Labour observed on June 12; theme: ‘Act now: end child labour!’
– Saudi Arabia restricts annual Haj pilgrimage to its own citizens because of Covid-19
– Megha Rajagopalan (Indian-origin journalist), Alison Killing and Christo Buschek of BuzzFeed
News wins Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting for exposing internment camps secretly built by
China for detaining Muslims in Xinjiang region
– China-Sri Lanka Friendship Hospital inaugurated in Polonnaruwa
– Ghana plants 5 million trees in a single day to combat deforestation
– International Energy Agency (IEA) unveils report ‘Financing Clean Energy Transitions in Emerging
and Developing Economies’
SPORTS
– Czech Republic’s Barbora Krejcikova wins women’s singles title at French Open tennis
June 14, 2021
INDIA
– Outreach Sessions of the G7 Summit: PM Modi takes part in two sessions titled ‘Building Back
Together—Open Societies and Economies’ and ‘Building Back Greener: Climate and Nature’
– India begins ‘Extension of Hospitals’ project to fight Covid, will plug a major health infrastructure
gap
– Leader of Opposition in Uttarakhand Assembly Indira Hridayesh of Congress dies at 80
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Defence Minister approves budgetary support of ₹498.8 crore to Innovations for Defence
Excellence (iDEX) challenge under the Defence Innovation Organisation (DIO) for the next five years
WORLD
– International Albinism Awareness Day observed on June 13, theme: “Strength Beyond All Odds”
FRENCH OPEN TENNIS WINNERS
– Novak Djokovic (Serbia): Men’s Singles
– Barbora Krejcikova (Czech Republic): Women’s Singles
– Barbora Krejcikova & Katerina Siniakova (Czech Republic): Women’s Doubles
– Nicolas Mahut & Pierre-Hugues Herbert (France): Men’s Doubles
– Desirae Krawczyk (US) & Joe Salisbury (UK): Mixed Doubles
SPORTS
– Former India all-rounder Vinoo Mankad inducted to International Cricket Council (ICC) Hall Of
Fame; played 44 Tests, scored 2,109 runs and took 162 wickets
– Central Athlete Injury Management System (CAIMS) launched for training of Indian athletes for
2024 Olympics
– Vinesh Phogat wins gold in women’s 53kg freestyle at the Poland Ranking Series Wrestling in
Warsaw
– Australian swimmer Kaylee McKeown breaks world record in women’s 100-meter backstroke at

57.45 seconds
– Nirmal Kaur, former captain of the Indian women’s volleyball team, dies in Mohali at 85
June 15, 2021
INDIA
– PM Modi virtually addressed a UN ‘High-Level Dialogue on Desertification, Land Degradation &
Drought’
– Taj Mahal, other centrally protected ASI monuments to reopen from June 16
– IMD, ICMR launch Expert Committee on Malaria and Climate (IEC) to eliminate malaria in India
– IIT Ropar develops nation’s first power-free CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) device
‘Jivan Vayu’
– CPAP is a treatment method for patients having breathing problems during sleep called sleep
apnea
– Kannada actor Sanchari Vijay dies at 37 from accident in Bengaluru; won National Film Award for
Best Actor in 2014
– EAM S. Jaishankar meets Kenyan counterpart Raychelle Omamo in Nairobi
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– First commercial consignment of GI certified Jardalu mangoes from Bihar exported to United
Kingdom
– Capital markets regulator SEBI penalises Franklin Templeton AMC officials, trustee for violating
regulatory norms in the case of winding up of six debt schemes in 2020
– Wholesale inflation hits a record high of 12.94% in May
– May retail inflation at 6-month high of 6.3% on higher food, fuel prices
WORLD
– Naftali Bennett takes oath as Israel’s new Prime Minister, ousts Benjamin Netanyahu
– World Blood Donor Day observed on June 14, theme: “Give blood and keep the world beating”
– North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Summit held in Brussels
June 1, 2021
India to start tests on mixed vaccines
According to Dr N K Arora, chairman of Covid-19 working group under National Technical Advisory Group on
Immunization (NTAGI), India may soon start testing feasibility of mixing two different doses of Covid
vaccines to check whether it helps in boosting immune response against virus or not.
Highlights
While responding to the question “if a person can get a vaccine different from one, he received in first
dose” he said, this is scientifically & theoretically possible. However, doing so is an evolving situation
based on scientific examination.
Several countries have also started testing the efficacy of switching COVID-19 vaccines.
In January 2021, Britain allowed people to be given a different vaccine for second dose on rare
occasions like “Vaccine Shortage”.
Background
Recently, on May 12, Oxford University-led study had released that, people who received Pfizer’s vaccine
followed by a dose of AstraZeneca’s or vice versa, are likely to show mild or moderate common post-
vaccination symptoms as compared to symptoms of receiving two doses of same type.
National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG)
NITAG is an advisory committee comprising of multidisciplinary groups of experts. They help in providing
information to national governments so that, evidence-based decisions can be made with respect to vaccine
and immunization policy. Such groups have been established by many industrialised and developed

countries to guide immunization policies.

Vajra Kavach Disinfection System
Mumbai-based start-up, Indra water has developed “Vajra Kavach Disinfection System” which removes
scourge of viral particles from equipment used by Corona warriors front line workers.
About Disinfection System
Disinfection System removes any possible traces of SARS-Cov-2 virus from Personal Protective
Equipment, coats, gloves, N95 masks and gowns.
Thus, it enables reuse of PPEs and other equipments used by healthcare workers.
In a way, it will protect environment too, by reducing biomedical waste generation.
It will make personal protective equipment more available, affordable, and accessible.
Disinfection can be done in just a few minutes.
System can achieve a 1,00,000-fold reduction in number of microorganisms.
Who developed the system?
Validation and testing of system was done by Department of Biosciences & Bioengineering at IIT Bombay.
How testing was done?
It went through a long trial and testing process. Testing was done with Escherichia virus MS2; which is a
single-stranded RNA virus similar to human respiratory viruses like influenza virus and coronavirus; and
E.coli strain C3000. While testing it, full loads of virus and bacteria samples were placed PPE kit and was
then placed inside Vajra Kavach. After disinfection cycle time, PPE was removed and sample was rechecked
to assess growth rate and log reduction of virus.
How this system disinfects materials?
System comprises of multistage disinfection process having advanced oxidation, corona discharge and UV-
C light spectrum which inactivate viruses, bacteria, and other microbial strains from materials.
What is Superworms?
A businessman from Kuwait, Jassem Buabbas, is breeding “superworms” for animal feed since years. He is
now hoping that, superworms will find their way into diets of Gulf citizens.
Highlight
He places worm-like larvae of the darkling beetle in a small, dark room. Darkling beetle is known for
their high protein content.
He aims to make worms a successful food alternative for humans.
Can insects be food alternatives?
Insects are widely eaten around the globe. About 1,000 species appears on dinner plates of people in Africa,
Asia and Latin America. Apart from traditional diets, cricket pasta & mealworm smoothies have become
latest food trend. Edible insects are promoted as sustainable alternative to regular protein sources.
What are Superworms?
Superworms are larvae of species of darkling beetle called Zophobas morio. They are also called as King
Worms, Morio Worms or Zophobas and are commonly used as food in reptile pet industry. They should not
be confused with giant mealworms which are Tenebrio molitor larvae. Superworms larvae resemble 50 to 60
mm long mealworms. However, ends of their bodies are very dark. They have 6 small legs. Insects are
accepted by turtle, lizards, salamanders, frogs, birds etc. Nutritional value of superworms are similar to
those of mealworms.
OECD estimate growth cut of India to 9.9%
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has cut India’s growth projection to 9.9 %
for Financial Year 2022. In March, it estimated growth to 12.6%. Rate was cut witnessing covid cases
lockdowns which have threatened to stall nascent economic recovery of India.

Key Points
As per OECD, “pandemic can be contained quickly but GDP (gross domestic product) growth will still
be about 10% in 2021-22 and 8% in 2022-23.
Recovery is gaining momentum with increasing consumer demand, easy financial conditions and
strong external market growth.
World economy is experiencing diverging fortunes after last year’s pandemic. Advanced economies
and emerging economies are recovering strongly while rest of world, including India, has fallen
behind.
How second wave hit Indian Economy?
Second wave of covid-19 pandemic has hit India hard. Statewide lockdowns have stalled economic activity.
Though, officially second wave is declining, the virus is spreading to hinterlands, which further pushing
economic recovery to uncharted territory.
Projected Growth
It is projected that; India will be fastest-growing G20 economy in 2021. It will also move away furthest from
its pre-crisis gross domestic product (GDP) trend. Demand for consumer durables and exports of
manufacturing goods & services will also act in favour.
AmbiTAG- India's first indigenous Temperature Data Logger
IIT Ropar has developed “AmbiTAG” which is India’s first indigenous temperature data logger developed for
cold chain management.
About AmbiTAG
AmbiTAG is shaped as USB device. It continuously records temperature of its immediate surroundings. It
can detect temperatures “from -40 to +80 degrees” in any time zone for 90 days on a single charge unlike
other devices available in market that record data only for duration of 30- 60 days. Recorded data can be
retrieved by connecting USB with any computer.
Significance of Logger
Logger recorded temperature that will further help to know whether particular item transported from
anywhere in world is still usable or perished because of temperature variation.
This information is significant for transportation of vaccines including Covid-19 vaccine, organs and
blood transportation.
Apart from perishable items like vegetables, meat and dairy products it can monitor temperature of
animal semen during transit.
Who developed the device?
Ambitag was developed under Technology Innovation Hub – AWaDH which stands for “Agriculture and
Water Technology Development Hub” and its Startup ScratchNest.
About AWaDH
AWaDH is a research center at IIT Ropar. It was established with support of Department of Science &
Technology (DST) and Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB). It carries out extensive research in
agriculture and water.
FICCI's Business Confidence Survey
FICCI has published its quarterly “Business Confidence Survey”. According to it, Business confidence of
Indian companies has come down to its lowest in three quarters in May. In last survey, confidence was at
decadal high.
Key findings of Survey
Business Confidence Index (BCI) declined due to decline in optimism levels of participating
companies with respect to current conditions.

BCI stands at 51.5 in latest survey, after hitting 74.2 in previous survey round.
However, index is still higher than 2020 (42.9) when nationwide lockdown was imposed.
According to the survey, while economy was witnessing recovery after pandemic-induced lockdown in
2020, second wave has caused disruptions once again. It is significantly exacerbated impact on
health front and undermined initial gains made on economic front.
It reported an “improved capacity utilization rate” despite weak demand conditions because of
localized curbs instead of complete lockdown. It ensured industry remaining functional throughout.
What FICCI suggests?
It suggests, measures to support demand is crucial for economy to recover from covid shock. Further,
increased pace of vaccination will help in achieving faster normalization.
What are the concerns?
As per survey, rising raw material costs is a major problem for fourth consecutive survey. Around 65% the
participants stated higher raw material costs is a constraint.
Employment and exports
Employment and exports have also deteriorated in this survey. Just 19% of participants were optimistic
about better hiring prospects while 27% participants indicated higher outbound shipments. 80% of the
companies were facing issues in carrying out their business.
India Q4 GDP Data
Central Statistics Office (CSO) released India’s gross domestic product (GDP) data for January-March
quarter of financial year 2020-21. According to it, Indian economy is likely to expand in positive territory
from December quarter.
Highlights
Before second wave of Covid-19, India’s GDP grew 1.6 per cent in fourth quarter (January-March) of
2020-21.
However, for all quarters together, GDP contracted to 7.3 percent. This improved from earlier
estimate of 8 percent contraction in second advance estimates of February because of sharp rise in
government expenditure.
Improvement in fourth quarter was driven by manufacturing sector even when services were
comparatively sluggish.
Agricultural growth slowed to 3.1 percent in January-March from 4.5 per cent growth in October-
December.
Mining & trade, transport sectors, hotels remained in negative territory and contracted by 5.7 percent
and 2.3 percent.
Gross fixed capital formation which indicates private investment grew by 10.9 percent in January-
March.
Growth Prediction
Growth will remain low in first quarter of 2021-22 because of severity of second wave. Provisional estimate
of 2020-21 GDP numbers are slightly better.
Central Statistics Office (CSO)
A governmental agency, working under Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. It is
responsible for coordination of statistical activities in India. It maintains statistical standards and has a
well-equipped Graphical Unit. Headquarter is in Delhi.
WHO names COVID-19 variants found in India
World Health Organisation (WHO) has recommended several names, to label emerging coronavirus variants
of global concern, after four letters of Greek alphabet. It named B.1.617.2 variant, identified first in India, as

Delta.
Highlights
‘UK variant’ was named as ‘Alpha’.
Existing scientific nomenclature system will continue while new names will only aid public discussion
using labels in order to “non stigmatising” with the countries where variants were first identified.
Variants of concerns
WHO has identified four VOCs- B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P2 and B.1.617.2. they have been labelled as ‘Alpha, Beta,
Gamma and Delta’ respectively.
Variants of Interest
The variants of Interest were, less globally widespread and transmissible, also given Greek names. B.1.617
virus, belonging to B.1.617 family was identified in India which has been labelled as ‘Kappa.’
Indian variant of coronavirus
Virus B.1.617.2 is called as Indian Variant in UK. It is spreading more quickly than Kent variant, which was
responsible for the surge in cases during winters. There have been about 8,000 cases of B.1.617.2 variant in
England and 1,000 in Scotland. Variant is causing majority of infection in England in areas like Bolton,
Blackburn etc. It spreads more easily than Kent variant (B.1.1.7). Transmission rates for B.1.617.2 were
roughly two-thirds higher than Kent.
Goa Institution for Future Transformation (GIFT)
Goa government established “Goa Institution for Future Transformation (GIFT)” on the line of NITI Ayog.
About GIFT
GIFT will function on the lines of NITI Aayog. It will assist, advise and guide government on policy
making, its formulation and implementation.
It will also help in monitoring sustainable development goals and evaluation of several development
plans, programmes and schemes.
Directorate of Planning, Statistics and Evaluation issued the notification.
It will be backed up under Article 309 of Constitution of India to attain autonomy.
GIFT will also serve as knowledge hub Goa, showcasing best practices suited for sustainable
development of the State.
Background
Union Cabinet had approved proposal of setting up GIFT. Later, Chief Minister of Goa late Manohar Parrikar
had discontinued State Planning Board from April 1, 2017 after union government discontinued Planning
Commission at national level. Announcement to constitute GIFT was made by Sawant in his budget speech.
GIFT was earlier named as “State Institution for Transforming Goa (SIT-Goa)”.
Planning Commission
It is institution of Government of India, best known for formulation of India’s Five-Year Plans. It was
dissolved in 2017 after Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced to dissolve the commission in his first
Independence Day speech in 2014. Ex officio members of the Commission were Finance Minister,
Agriculture Minister, Health Minister, Home Minister, Chemicals and Fertilisers Minister, Law Minister,
Information Technology Minister, Minister of state for Planning and Human Resource Development Minister.
World Milk Day 2021
World is celebrating “World Milk Day” on June 1, 2021 under the theme- “sustainability in the dairy sector
with messages on nutrition”.
Background of World Milk Day
The day is celebrated since 2001. It was established by Food and Agriculture Organisation of United
Nations. The day is observed to appreciate dairy farmers and dairy sector. It recognises the importance of

milk as global food.

Significance of Dairy Sector in India
India is one among the largest producer of milk in world. Dairy sector supports livelihoods of millions of
people in country.
Evolution of Dairy Sector in India
In the initial phases of India’s independence (in 1955) India’s butter imports were 500 tons per year. By
1975, India became self-sufficient in milk production and all imports of milk and milk products were
stopped. The medal of success of milk production in India goes to Dr Verghese Kurien.
White Revolution
White Revolution in India was started by Dr Verghese Kurein in 1970. He is therefore known as “Father of the
White Revolution” in India. He is known for his efforts in turning India into largest producer from milk
deficient country. He led to establishment of institutions like Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation
Ltd and National Dairy Development Board. Both of these institutions played a significant role in shaping
Dairy Cooperative movement.
Manthan
Manthan was made with the efforts of Dr Kurien in 1976. It was directed by Shyam Benegal while script of
film was written by Dr Kurien and Vijay Tendulkar. About 500,000 farmers donated ₹ 2 to produce Manthan.
It traces the origins of largest dairy development programme of world.
Heat deaths due to Global Warming
Recently a study was conducted to calculate human cost of climate change. According to it, more than one-
third of world’s heat deaths are related to global warming each year.
Key Findings
According to scientists, more people die from other extreme weather which increases due to global
warming like storms, flooding and drought.
They highlight, heat death numbers will grow exponentially with rising temperatures.
Health deaths were recorded along 732 districts and around the globe from 1991 to 2018. It shows,
37% (9700 people) were caused by higher temperatures from human-caused warming.
Highest percentages of heat deaths due to climate change were recorded in cities of South America.
Southern Europe and southern Asia were recorded as other hot spots for heat deaths due to climate
change.
35% of heat deaths in United States were due to climate change.
Climate Change
It includes global warming caused due to human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases and large-scale
shifts in weather patterns. There have been previous periods of climatic change but since mid-20th century,
humans have negatively impacted Earth’s climate system and caused global climate change.
Sources of greenhouse gases
Largest contributor of warming is emission of gases which result into greenhouse effect. In thus, 90% share
is carbon dioxide (CO) and methane. Use of Fossil fuel, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, for energy
consumption is main source of emissions. Some contribution is accounted from agriculture, deforestation,
and manufacturing as well.
Dip in EPF Savings- Highlights
According to Union Government, about 7.63 million salaried workers have used their retirement savings to
deal with covid-19 crisis since 2020. Back then, centre had allowed EPF subscribers to withdraw more
money from their Employees’ Provident Fund corpus so that they can deal with hardships and income loss.

What does it reflect?

EPFO’s (Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation) efforts to offer non-refundable advances amid covid-19
helped millions. EPF subscribers had withdrawn almost ₹18,700 crore by May 31, 2021. Disbursements also
reflect hardships that salaried class is facing amid pandemic.
Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO)
EPFO is social security body responsible for running and supervising “state pension scheme” for people
across India. It assists Central Board in administering compulsory contributory provident fund, pension and
insurance scheme for workforce. It implements bilateral social security agreements among countries.
Schemes cover both Indian workers and international workers in countries. Central Board of Trustees (CBT)
is the apex decision making body of EPFO. CBT is a statutory body established by the Employees’ Provident
Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. It works under Ministry of Labour and Employment.
Naomi Osaka withdraws from French Open
Naomi Osaka, announced her withdrawal from Roland Garros 2021, after she was fined by French Open.
What was the issue?
French open fined her $15,000 and warned that she could face expulsion from tournament because she
decided not to speak with press during tournament.
Background
Osaka had won her first match against Patricia Maria Tig. She was scheduled to face Ana Bogdan in second
round before she released her intention to skip media obligations during Roland Garros. She decided so
because media interaction was affecting her mental health.
Who is Naomi Osaka?
Naomi Osaka is a Japanese professional tennis player. She has been ranked No. 1 by Women’s Tennis
Association (WTA). She is the first Asian player to hold top ranking in singles. She has won Grand Slam
singles champion for four times. She has been reigning champion at US Open as well as Australian Open. At
2018 US Open and 2019 Australian Open, she won her first two Grand Slam singles titles. She also became
first woman to win successive Grand Slam singles titles after Serena Williams in 2015.
About French Open
Major tennis tournament, also called Roland-Garros, is held over two weeks at Stade Roland-Garros in Paris,
France. It starts in May end each year. Tournament and venue have been named after French aviator Roland
Garros.
SBI revises FY22 GDP projection to 7.9%
Economic research department of State Bank of India has published “Ecowrap 2021” report and revised real
GDP projection for Financial Year 2022 to 7.9 percent from 10.4 percent earlier. Report highlights
disproportionately larger impact of second wave of Covid-19 pandemic on economy.
Key Findings
It says, GDP outlook will be impacted by trajectory of international commodity prices in current
financial year.
Pass-through impact of higher commodity prices will be visible in domestic prices which will also
impact consumption.
Overall consumption trajectory will depend on recovery in services such as Trade, Transport, hotels,
communication & services related to broadcasting, supporting 25 crore households.
Corporate reported better growth numbers in Q4 of Financial Year 2021. However, the trend might get
reversed as per report.
Nominal loss of ₹4-lakh crore was reported in H1 (April 2020-September 2020) while 7.3 lakh crore
reported in H2 (October 2020 – March 2021). Thus, overall annual loss was ₹6.1-lakh crore.

Impact of third wave

As per report, average duration of third wave for top countries is 98 days while that of second wave is 108
days. Third wave peak was in multiple of second at 1.8 and second wave as a multiple of first at 5.2 in
those countries. While, in India it was at 4.2). Thus, it suggests intensity of third wave is severe. However, if
India is better prepared, decline in serious case rate will decrease the number of deaths.
The State of Ransomware 2021 report
Global cybersecurity firm, Sophos, published it “the State of Ransomware 2021 report’. It finds, 68% of
Indian organisations were by ransomware in last 12 months.
Key findings
India is one among most affected countries with respect to ransomware attacks.
India tops list of top 30 countries for ransomware attacks.
68 percent of Indian organisations were hit by ransomware in last 12 months. Though, this number is
less than 82 percent, reported in 2020 report.
72 percent of Indian organisations admitted, data was encrypted in most significant ransomware
attack.
There is overall drop in attacks. However, attacker’s behaviour has changed at some places. At
Sophos, it was reported, attackers were switching to more targeted attacks which include human
hands-on keyboard hacking so as to bypass organisation’s defences.
67 per cent of Indian organisations, whose data was encrypted, paid ransom to recover as opposed to
global average of 32 percent.
86 per cent of Indian organisations are of view that, cyberattacks are now too complex for their own
IT team to handle.
Impact of attack
Ransomware attacks has significant financial repercussions. Survey highlights, average total cost of
recovery from a ransomware attack was more than double in a year. It increased from $7,61,106 in 2020 to
$1.85 million in 2021 across the world. However, In India, recovery cost from tripled in a year, $1.1 million in
2020 to $3.38 in 2021.
June 2, 2021
World's first Human case of H10N3 Bird Flu
First Human case of H10N3 bird flu was reported in eastern province of Jiangsu in China.
Highlights
A 41-year-old man has become first human case of infection with H10N3 strain of bird flu. He was
diagnosed of H10N3 avian influenza virus on May 28. It is still not confirmed how he was infected with
virus.
What is H10N3 bird flu?
H10N3 is a low pathogenic or less severe strain of virus in poultry. The risk of it transmitting on a large
scale is also very low. In about 40 years, only 160 isolates of this virus were reported, in wild birds or
waterfowl across Asia and North America. It has not been detected in chickens.
What is Influenza?
It is commonly called as “the flu”. This infectious disease is caused by influenza viruses. Its symptoms
include mild to severe fever, runny nose, sore throat, headache, coughing, muscle pain and fatigue.
Symptoms usually starts 1–4 days after exposure to virus and lasts for 2–8 days. It may also cause
pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, encephalitis, meningitis, and worsening of pre-existing
health problems like asthma.

Avian influenza or Avian flu or Bird flu

It caused by viruses adapted to birds. It is similar to swine flu, horse flu, dog flu and human flu. Among
three types of influenza viruses namely, A, B, and C; influenza A virus is zoonotic infection which entirely
affects birds.
Gender gap in India's Vaccination Drive
India’s Covid vaccination drive was started in January 2021 and is gaining momentum. About 21 crores
doses have been administered till date including first and second doses; in which Gender gap is prevalent.
As of May end, 871 women had been vaccinated for every 1000 men.
Gender Gap in India
Sex ratio in India is already skewed. There are 108.18 males per 100 females. Female population accounts
for 48.04 percent of total population while male population accounts for 51.96 percent. This gender gap
reflects at all levels in India, including in largest vaccination drive.
Gender-related Development Index (GDI)
GDI measures life expectancy, educational attainment and income. According to it, closer the ratio to 1,
smaller is gap between men and women. Human Development Report of 2019 reflects India’s GDI value as
0.892. It ranked India at 129th position out of 189 countries.
Gender Inequality Index (GII)
GII reflects gender-based disadvantage across three dimensions of reproductive health, labour market and
empowerment. Countries having unequal distribution of human development experiences high inequality.
As per UNDP report 2019, India’s GII is 0.0501 and was ranked at 122. HDI for females in India is 0.549
while for male is 0.671 which clearly reflects disparity.
New Zealand signs space agreement with NASA
New Zealand has become the latest country to sign “space agreement with NASA” with the objective of
boosting nascent space industry of New Zealand.
Key Points
New Zealand is the eleventh signatory to Artemis Accords.
Artemis Accords is a blueprint for space cooperation and supporting NASA’s plan to return humans to
moon by 2024. It also supports NASA’s plan of launching historic human mission to Mars.
Why New Zealand signed the accord?
New Zealand wants to ensure, future space exploration is conducted in a safe, sustainable and transparent
manner in accordance with international law. New Zealand is also interested in ensuring that minerals taken
from moon or elsewhere in space are used sustainably.
New Zealand Space industry
California-based company Rocket Lab started commercial launches for New Zealand in 2018. Company
specializes in putting small satellites into orbit. It made history in 2017 by launching test rocket into space
from remote Mahia Peninsula.
Artemis Accords
Artemis accords are an international agreement and American-led effort which seeks to relaunch humans to
Moon by 2024. Agreement was signed by governments participating in Artemis programme with the
objective of expanding and deepening space exploration. It was drafted under the aegis of NASA. It
provides a framework for cooperation in civil exploration and peaceful use of Mars, Moon and other
astronomical objects. The accord was signed in October 13, 2020.
Microsoft launches Asia-Pacific Cybersecurity Council
Microsoft has launched first ever “Asia Pacific Public Sector Cyber Security Executive Council”. It was
launched with the aim of building strong communications channel to address cyber threats and to share

best practices among participating countries.

Asia-pacific cybersecurity Council
Cybersecurity Council comprises of policy makers and influencers from countries like Indonesia, Korea,
Brunei, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, and Thailand. It is supported by cybersecurity professionals.
Council was set up with the aim of accelerating public-private partnerships in cybersecurity, and share
threat intelligence.
Why this council was set up?
Council was set up to build strong coalition and to strengthen cyber security defense. It was launched in the
view that; these countries experience higher-than-average encounter rate of malware and ransomware
attacks. They experience 1.6 times higher malware attacks and 1.7 times higher ransomware attacks as
compared to other countries.
Function of Council
Council will meet virtually on a quarterly basis so as to continuously exchange information on cyber threats
and related cybersecurity solutions. They will learn from Microsoft security certification trainings, hands on
lab sessions and dedicated workshops to improve digital skills of workforce. It will in turn help in reducing
talent gap in cybersecurity.
Gujarat to grant Centre of Excellence status 7 Universities
Gujarat government is all set to grant Centre of Excellence (CoE) status to seven private universities in
state.
Who gave the approval?
In-principal approval was given by Chief Minister, Vijay Rupani, to make their mark globally. University
Grants Commission (UGC) encourages higher education institutions to attain excellence in specific areas of
academic as well as research work. CoE can an institute of strategic or security-relate importance, notified
by state government. Institution of Eminence can also be given CoE tag.
Which Universities have been selected?
Seven Universities include- CEPT University, Nirma University, Pandit Deendayal Energy University,
Ahmedabad University, Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology (DAIICT),
Marwadi University and Charotar University of Science & Technology.
Significance of CoE status
CoE tag to universities will help in bringing quality education and give them an international touch. Tag will
also boost research, innovation and establish a culture of creating start- ups.
University Grants Commission (UGC)
UGC is a statutory body established by UGC Act 1956. It works under Ministry of Education to coordinate,
determine and maintain standards of higher education. It gives recognition to universities in India, and
disburse funds for recognized universities and colleges. It is headquartered New Delhi, along with six
regional centres in Bhopal, Pune, Kolkata, Guwahati, Hyderabad and Bangalore.
China creates Defence system along LAC
In the move of strengthening its position along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), People Liberation Army
(PLA) of China has created an integrated or combined air defence system comprising air force and army for
its western theatre command. This wing is involved in operations along LAC.
Combined Air Defence System
This system was put through paces during exercise conducted recently at an unknown location under
western theatre command. In the exercise, army elements were jointly training with air force while air force
was commanding and controlling it. About 10 PLA army units under western theatre command have been
integrated in reporting chain to share inputs on early warning and exercise participation.

Background
Relation between India and China plunged to an all-time low after a deadly clash in Galwan Valley in June
2020. It led to death of 20 Indian soldiers and several Chinese troops. It was the first fatalities on LAC since
1975.
Ground Situation as LAC
According to Satellite images of May 2021, China has withdrawn its forces from around Pangong Lake and
has relocated a large section of troops and equipment to Rutog County, where new military barracks were
built since 2019.
WHO clears Chinese Vaccine Sinovac for global use
World Health Organisation (WHO) has given approval for global use of covid-19 Vaccine by Sinovac Biotech
Ltd. Of China.
Highlights
WHO recommended its use for people above 18 years.
Two-dose will be scheduled for it, with a gap of two to four weeks between shots.
Sinopharm Group Co. had secured WHO’s approval for emergency use in May 2021.
Additional inoculation options will be given for Covax programme led by WHO to ensure every country
has access to vaccines.
Other vaccines cleared for emergency use by WHO are vaccines from Pfizer Inc. & BioNTech SE,
Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca Plc, and Moderna Inc.
What were the concerns?
Chinese shot was battling concerns about its efficacy because of divergent data. Chinese Shot, called as
CoronaVac, has lowest efficacy rate as per the clinical trial report. It showed an efficacy rate of 50.7% in
preventing symptomatic covid cases in Brazil.
Effectiveness of CoronaVac
Real world data shows that, it is 94% effective against symptomatic infection, 96% against hospitalization
while 98% effective against death. Data also highlights, Infection rate is decreasing in some countries that
rolled out Sinovac locally such as in Chile.
CoronaVac
CoronaVac or Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine is an inactivated virus COVID-19 vaccine. It was developed by
Chinese company Sinovac Biotech. Phase III clinical trial for this vaccine was carried in Chile, Brazil,
Indonesia, Philippines, and Turkey. It does not need to be frozen.
US ends Migrant Protection Protocols
United States has ended Migrant Protection Protocols which is also dubbed as “Remain in Mexico” policy.
Remain in Mexico Policy
This policy forced several Central American asylum seekers to wait in Mexico for US court cases.
Now, Joe Biden administration has paused this programme called known as the Migrant Protection
Protocols (MPP) in January 2021.
Since January 2021, about 11,000 migrants have enrolled in it and have been allowed to enter US to
seek asylum claims.
However, Republicans have criticised reversal of this policy. Because, it encouraged huge migrant
arrivals at US-Mexico border.
Joe Biden Administration
Even since Biden took office, he has reversed many restrictive immigration policies by President Donald
Trump as they were against US asylum laws.

Mexico–United States border

The international border separating Mexico and United States extends from Pacific Ocean in west to Gulf of
Mexico in east. It traverses different terrains, from urban areas to deserts. This border is considered as
most frequently crossed border across the world with about 350 million documented crossings each year.
US-Mexico Border Wall
In 2016, former President Donald Trump proposed to build a border wall to control immigration across the
border. According to him, border wall would cost $8 to $12 billion. Trump signed Executive Order 13767, in
2017, that directed U.S. government to start wall construction along U.S.–Mexico border using federal
funding but construction started in 2019. Barrier along 455 miles was built. However, newly elected U.S.
president Joe Biden terminated national emergency and stopped construction of wall in January 2021.
Canada approves Mixing & Matching Covid-19 vaccine brands
Canada has recommended “mixing and matching” of AstraZeneca, Pfizer and Moderna Covid-19 vaccines.
NACI Guidelines
National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) had issued guidelines for provinces and territories on
mixing and matching second doses of Covid-19 vaccines. It has advised Canadians to combine either
“AstraZeneca-Oxford, Pfizer-BioNTech or Moderna shots” interchangeably for specific situations. NACI
recommended it on the basis of early research from UK & Spain. Research highlights, mixing shots of
AstraZeneca and Pfizer vaccines was safe and effective in preventing the disease. It recommended, first
shot of AstraZeneca vaccine can be followed by shots of Moderna or Pfizer.
Why mixing-matching was recommended?
Canadians who had a first dose of Moderna or Pfizer, they can now take any one of two shots as a second
dose. This is so, because both the vaccines were prepared with similar mRNA technology.
National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI)
NACI is an external advisory body which is responsible for providing Public Health Agency of Canada
(PHAC) with independent medical, scientific, and public health advice related to immunization. It comprises
of experts from fields like paediatrics, pharmacy, infectious diseases, immunology, epidemiology, nursing,
Pharmacoeconomics, social science etc.
BRICS Foreign Ministers hold virtual meeting
BRICS foreign ministers meeting was hold virtually on June 1, 2021.
Agenda of the meeting
During the minister’s meet, External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar highlighted significant principles
which were guiding BRICS.
He also referred to international law and UN Charter which recognises sovereign equality of all states
and respects territorial integrity.
According to him, desired change can be achieved only by conducting policies in line with these
principles.
Who hosted the meeting?
BRICS meeting was hosted by India in its capacity as chair of BRICS. It was attended by Foreign Minister of
Russia, Sergey Lavrov; Foreign Minister of China, Wang Yi; Minister of International Relations of South
Africa, Grace Naledi Mandisa Pandor; and Foreign Minister of Brazil, Carlos Alberto Franco.
Significance of meeting
BRICS foreign ministers, for the first time, have agreed on common goal of “reforming the multilateral
system”. They also agreed, such reform should cover all key multilateral institutions, including-
UN and its principal organs such as UN general assembly, UN Security Council etc.
International financial architecture such as IMF & World Bank

Multilateral trading system such as WTO & UNCTAD and

Global health governance system along with WHO.
BRICS ministers agreed to bring in new life on discussions regarding reform of UN Security Council.
Key deliverables by India
India put forward four key deliverables including, reform of multilateral system, use of digital and
technological solutions to achieve SDGs, counter-terrorism cooperation and enhancing people-to-people
cooperation apart from BRICS cooperation on COVID-19 pandemic.
Cabinet approves Model Tenancy Act
Union Cabinet has approved “Model Tenancy Act” for circulation to all States and Union Territories for
adaptation by enacting fresh legislation or amending existing rental laws as required.
Highlights
Approved act will help in rebuilding legal framework on rental housing in India which in turn boost
overall growth.
Act was passed with the aim of creating a vibrant, sustainable and inclusive rental housing market.
It will help in creating adequate rental housing stock for all income groups and address the issue of
homelessness.
It will enable institutionalisation of rental housing by shifting it towards formal market.
It seeks to facilitate unlocking of vacant houses for rental housing purposes and give a fillip to
private participation in rental housing as a business model. This will help in addressing huge housing
shortage.
What is Model Tenancy Act?
Model Tenancy Act, 2019, a tenancy law in India, was designed to rebuild tenancy market. Creation of the
act was first announced in budget speech of 2019 by finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman. It seeks to
replace archaic rental laws of India and to solve housing availability deficit. Act will help in achieving the
target of “Housing for All by 2022”.
Cabinet approves MoC between India & Japan on Sustainable Urban Development
Union Cabinet approved Memorandum of Cooperation (MoC) on Sustainable Urban Development between
India and Japan by suspending the existing MoU of 2007 on Urban Development.
How MoC will be implemented?
To implement and strategize programmes on cooperation under MoC, a Joint Working Group (JWG) will be
constituted. JWG will meet once in a year in Japan as well as in India, alternately. Cooperation under MoC
will continue for a period of 5 years, which can be auto-renewed for 5 years at a time.
Significance of the MoC
It will promote strong, deep and long-term bilateral cooperation with respect to Sustainable Urban
Development between India and Japan. It is expected to create employment opportunities in listed areas of
sustainable urban development including Urban Planning, affordable housing, rental housing, Smart Cities
Development, Urban Flood Management, water management, Sewerage & Waste Water Management etc.
Objective of MoC
It seeks to facilitate and strengthen India-Japan technical cooperation in field of Sustainable urban
development and other listed areas which will be mutually identified by both the countries. It will also
enable exchange of key learnings and best practices in listed areas.
NHRC advisories on Bonded Labourers & Migrant Workers
National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) has issued advisories on bonded labourers & migrant workers
amid covid-19 cases.

What are those advisories?

Advisories were issued to ministries and states to look after adverse impact of covid-19 on labourers
and migrant informal sector workers.
NHRC, looking after adverse effects of pandemic on different sections of society, issued three fresh
advisories to Centre, states and union territories under its “2.0 series of Covid-19 pandemic
advisories”.
Advisories include:
1. Right to mental health;
2. Identifying, releasing and rehabilitating bonded labourers; and
3. Safeguarding the rights of informal workers.
How centre and states will comply with advisories?
NHRC has asked to implement these recommendations given in advisories on which centre and state will
have to report to NHRC within four weeks.
Why recommendations were made?
NHRC issued advisories after it observed that; covid-19 pandemic and covid-19 induced lockdown have led
to “adverse mental health outcomes among vulnerable groups.
Advisory on Right to Mental Health
It focuses on 10 key areas including- mental healthcare, grievance redressal and review board,
dissemination of information, awareness, support for special groups, suicide prevention, health insurance,
extending outreach of mental health support and media sensitivity in reporting & promoting research.
NHRC on Informal Workers
NHRC observed, because of closure of employment opportunities in urban areas amid lockdowns, informal
workers or unorganised sector workers, migrants into towns & cities have severely impacted. All these
situations and evidence points towards deep economic crisis of job loss, reduced wages and shrinking of
economy & manufacturing sector.
SWASTIIK Technology for Disinfecting Water
CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune has launched a new technique called SWASTIIK to
disinfect water by using natural oils. It was launched because, water-borne diseases have increased India’s
disease burden.
How SWASTIIK is different from existing methods?
Disinfection of water is essential to remove pathogenic microorganisms that causes water-borne
diseases. But, chemical methods like chlorination to disinfect water, generate harmful or
carcinogenic by-products.
Thus, SWASTIIK technology was developed which boils liquid as a result of pressure reduction or
cavitation. This method uses natural oils with antimicrobial properties to disinfect water.
Background
This technology was developed in backdrop of National Jal Jeevan Mission (NJJM) which recently issued
an advisory for states and Union territories to monitor and survey water quality and ensure potable water
amid rising covid-19 cases.
About SWASTIIK Technology
This method can eliminate harmful bacteria and antibiotic-resistant strains, economically. It integrates
Indian traditional knowledge of Ayurveda to disinfect water and offer possible health benefits of natural
oils. It uses hydrodynamic cavitation; combines chemistry, biology, & chemical engineering along with
natural resources like natural oils & plant extracts to disinfect water. Thus, method has increased the
efficiency and reduced cost of water treatment.

June 3, 2021
Kharg- Iran's largest warship
Largest warship of Iranian navy caught fire and sank in the Gulf of Oman, circumstances are still unclear.
Kharg used to resupply other shops in fleet and conduct training exercises. It sank near Iranian port of Jask.
IRIS Kharg
Kharg, named after Island Kharg, was a modified Ol-class fleet replenishment oiler of Islamic Republic of
Iran Navy. It was built by Swan Hunter in United Kingdom, which was officially launched in 1977. It was
largest naval vessel of Iran on the basis of tonnage.
Ol-class Tankers
They were Royal Fleet Auxiliary “fast fleet tankers” which provides fuel, food, fresh water and other supplies
to Royal Navy vessels across the world.
Replenishment oiler or replenishment tanker
Naval auxiliary ship with fuel tanks and dry cargo holds, used to supply fuel as well as dry stores during
underway replenishment at sea. However, such ships are slower and carry fewer dry stores than modern
fast combat support ships by USA.
Kharg or Khark Island
Kharg is a continental island, located in Persian Gulf and is about 25 km off the coast of Iran. It belongs to
Iran while administered by adjacent coastal Bushehr Province. Island provides a sea port for export of oil
and extends territorial sea claims of Iran into Persian Gulf oil fields.
What is Red Tourism?
th
On the occasion of 100 anniversary of Chinese Communist Party in 2021, China is promoting ‘red tourism’,
which means it is encouraging people to visit places that have historical and cultural importance for
communist party.
What are those places?
Nanhu Lake in Zhejiang, East China and Mao Zedong’s birthplace are among the places that China is
highlighting. At Nanhu Lake, First National Congress of Chinese Communist Party was held in 1921 on a
boat. While, Mao Zedong’s birthplace Shaoshan witnessed huge footfall in recent times.
Significance of Red Tourism
Red Tourism is generating huge revenues, which in turn boosting China’s economic boom amid covid-19
pandemic. It reminds people regarding sacrifices of leaders of communist party to establish Modern China.
What is ‘red tourism’?
Red Tourism has been coined by China which refers to “visiting sites which have modern revolutionary
legacy”. It was Launched in 2004 with the objective of promoting locations with historical and cultural
significance for history of Communist Party. It seeks to spread awareness regarding history of communist
party starting with its origins. It includes colourful events which promotes visitors to put on revolutionary
attire when they visit former residences of Communist leaders and exhibition halls etc.
Two Russian crew do spacewalk at ISS
Two Russian cosmonauts, Oleg Novitsky and Pyotr Dubrov, did spacewalk for more than 7 hours at
International Space Station. They walked outside to prepare for arrival of new Russian Nauka Lab module,
which has been delayed several times due to technical issues.
Highlights
Both the cosmonauts have team up at space outpost with NASA astronauts Shane Kimbrough, Mark Vande
Hei & Megan McArthur besides European Space Agency astronaut Thomas Pesquet and Japan Aerospace
Exploration Agency astronaut Akihiko Hoshide.

Russian Nauka Module

Module is also known as ‘Multipurpose Laboratory Module (MLM)’. It is a component of International Space
Station (ISS), which is yet to launch into space. It is funded by Roscosmos. Originally, Nauka was to use
location of Docking and Stowage Module. Later, it was replaced by Rassvet module. It was planned to be
launched in 2007 but has been delayed since then. After delays, Nauka is planned for launch on July 15,
2021.
International Space Station (ISS)
ISS is a habitable artificial satellite in low Earth orbit. It is a multinational collaborative project jave five
participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), ESA (Europe), JAXA (Japan) and
CSA (Canada). Ownership and use of space station are governed by intergovernmental treaties and
agreements.
MadadMap: Real-time online map of vacant beds
First-of-its -kind, real-time online map was launched, by a team of 15 Doctors and 12 Professionals from the
diaspora in US and India, which shows available hospital beds in India with real-time updates.
MadadMaps
This online map was launched with the aim of providing critical and time-sensitive information to anxious
Covid-19 patients, as battle against second wave of pandemic continues. This portal was launched by
Project Madad (help). It is India’s first country-wide map showing availability of hospital beds in real-time
updates. Washington-based Dr Rajesh Anumolu was head architect of ‘MadadMaps’.
Why it was created?
MadadMaps was created with mission that “proper education and training” of local healthcare workers and
Registered Medical Practitioners is the “fundamental” of controlling Covid spread across rural India.
How MadadMaps works?
This online portal uses a proprietary algorithm to generate information from all major online
aggregators of hospital beds availability across city and State for government as well as private
hospitals.
It provides critical and real-time details including hospital name and location and availability of ICU
beds, oxygen supply, ventilators, non-oxygen beds etc.
It also provides immediate information of available Covid-19 treatment centres, expedites access to
hospitals with the objective of reducing psychological stress of people.
K.P. Krishnan Committee on Variable Capital Company submits report
Dr. K.P. Krishnan committee on “Variable Capital Company” has submitted its report to International
Financial Services centres Authority (IFSCA) regarding feasibility of Variable Capital Companies in
International Financial Services Centres in India.
Background
IFSCA had set up K.P. Krishnan committee to explore potential for allowing variable capital company (VCC)
as an additional option using which asset managers could pool investors’ funds.
Variable Capital Company (VCC)
VCC is an alternative form of corporate vehicle which can be used for open-ended as well as closed-ended
alternative and traditional fund strategies. It is a corporate vehicle with flexible capital because of which
shares are created when investments are made and shares are readily redeemable by shareholders. It has
been designed for fund management industry.
Recommendations of K.P. Krishnan Committee
VCC structure dispenses with some of key limitations of companies and LLPs. It provides for higher
regulatory standards.

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Committee assessed features of VCC or its equivalent, in jurisdictions of Singapore, UK, Ireland and
Luxembourg.
It recommended to adopt a VCC-like legal structure to conduct fund management activity in IFSCs.
It recognized that, legal framework governing entities which undertake fund management should
provide certainty and clarity to each
Health Minister launches revamped health schemes
Union Health Minister, Dr. Harsh Vardhan, launched revamped health schemes and has digitized the
versions of Flagship Health Schemes. Schemes were launched on IT platform of National Health Authority
(NHA).
Key Points
Harsh Vardhan launched revamped Central Government Health Schemes (CGHS) apart from Umbrella
Schemes of Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi (RAN) and Health Minister’s Discretionary Grant (HMDG).
Now all the schemes have become paperless, cashless and citizen-centric.
Why schemes were revamped?
According to the health minister, poor and needy people of country were unable to avail benefits of all these
flagship health schemes of central scheme because of lack of timely intervention, delayed response and
other such hurdles. Thus, schemes have been revamped and digitized which will enable smooth delivery of
healthcare services to eligible beneficiaries under by making entire process paperless.
Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS)
CGHS is comprehensive health scheme to serve pensioners, employees, ex-MPs, Members of Parliament
and dependent family members. Scheme has been extended across 72 cities and about 38 lakh
beneficiaries are availing benefits under it within since last 7 years.
Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi
This scheme was launched to provide financial assistance of Rs. 15 lakh to poor patients suffering from
major life-threatening diseases or rare diseases or cancer. The person is treated at government hospital.
Beneficiaries are decided on the basis of BPL threshold in States and Union Territories.
COVAXIN trial starts on children
Trial of COVAXIN, a COVID-19 vaccine by Bharat Biotech, on children below 18 years was started at All India
Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Patna.
Background
Trail was started following a nod given on May 11 by Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI) to conduct
clinical trials of Covaxin. COVAXIN was approved by DCGI, for Phase II/III clinical trials in age group of 2 to
18 years.
Vaccination Drive in India
India started world’s largest vaccination drive on January 16, 2021 in phased manner. In the first phase,
healthcare workers (HCWs) were vaccinated. Vaccination of frontline workers (FLWs) started on February 2
while, those over 60 years of age and for people aged 45 with specified comorbid conditions were allowed
to take jab, March onwards under phase 1 itself. On April 1, second phase started and India allowed all
people aged more than 45 under vaccination plan. Third phase of vaccination started on May to cover
people aged 18-44 years.
Covid-19 Vaccines in India
India is administering three COVID-19 vaccines including Covaxin by Bharat Biotech, COVISHIELD by Serum
Institute and Sputnik V. COVAXIN by Russia. All these vaccines are being manufactured in India. However,
due to shortage of vaccine in the country that actively contributed towards COVAX programme by WHO, no
of vaccination per day has decreased from 35 lakh each day in first week of April to 16 lakh doses in May.

Companies are increasing vaccine production to build up vaccine stock but it will take time. COVAXIN is
expected to produce 3.5 crore vaccines in June, COVISHIELD to produce 10 crore shots.
Maharashtra Launched Corona-Free Village Competitions
Maharashtra government has launched “Corona-free Village Competitions” which is an interesting route to
ensure all Covid-19 precautionary norms are followed in villages of state.
Corona-Free Village Competitions
Under ‘corona-free village’ competitions, three villages will be selected in each revenue district on the basis
of their good work and efforts in Covid-19 management. This competition is part of ‘My Village Corona Free’
initiative which was recently announced by Chief Minister, Uddhav Thackeray.
Revenue Divisions in State
Under this competition, three villages will be awarded prizes up to ₹50 lakh. This competition will encourage
to take measures to curb spread of Covid-19. First prize is ₹50 lakh, second is ₹25 lakh and third is ₹15
lakh. There are a total of six revenue divisions in Maharashtra. Thus, 18 prizes will be given with total prize
money of ₹5.4 crore.
Other benefits of competition
Winning villages will also get an additional amount equal to prize money as encouragement. This money will
be utilised to do development works these villages.
How villages will be selected?
Participating villages will be judged on the basis of 22 criteria by a committee set up for the purpose.
Covid-19 Caseload Maharashtra
On June 2, it recorded 15,169 new Covid-19 cases increasing tally to 57,76,184 while 29,270 patients were
discharged from hospitals taking number of recoveries to 54,60,589. Currently, there are 2,16,016 active
cases in the state.
UNICEF- Moderna Vaccine supply agreement
United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) has signed an agreement with vaccine manufacturer Moderna to
supply their international vaccination efforts boosting fight against SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Key Points
Under the supply agreement, UNICEF and its procurement partners like Pan American Health Organization
(PAHO), will get access to up to 34 million doses of covid-19 vaccine which can be used to cover around 92
countries and territories in 2021. UNICEF has also signed four other supply deals for coronavirus vaccines
with Serum Institute of India, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Human Vaccines.
How vaccines would be supplied?
Vaccines will be supplied to COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX) facility UNICEF. COVAX facility
seeks to provide access to vaccines across all participating countries and territories regardless of their
income level.
About UNICEF
UNICEF, called as “United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund”, is an agency of United Nations which is
involved in providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children across the globe. It is one of the most
widespread & recognizable social welfare organizations and is present in 192 countries. Some of its
activities include-
To provide immunizations and disease prevention,
To administer treatment for children and mothers with HIV,
To enhance childhood and maternal nutrition,
To improve sanitation,
To promote education, and

To provide emergency relief in disasters.

NASA announces Two Robotic Missions to Venus
American space agency, NASA, has announced its two new robotic missions namely Davinci+ and Veritas,
to Venus to examine atmosphere and geological features on the planet.
About the mission
Each of the missions have been awarded $500m funding. They will be launched in between 2028 and 2030.
Missions would provide a chance to investigate the planet Venus that haven’t been provided in about 30
years. Two missions were selected after a peer-review process. They were chosen on the basis of their
potential scientific value and feasibility of their development plans. Both the missions will be launched with
aim to understand, how Venus surface is capable of melting lead and how this planet became an inferno-
like world.
Davinci+ Mission
Davinci+ is “Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging” mission. It will
measure atmosphere of Venus to gain insight into how it formed and evolved. It also seeks to determine
whether Venus ever had an ocean.
Veritas Mission
This mission is called as “Venus Emissivity, Radio Science, InSAR, Topography, and Spectroscopy”. It will
map surface of Venus to understand its geologic history. It will also investigate how it developed differently
than Earth. It will use a form of radar to investigate surface elevations and will discover if volcanoes and
earthquakes are still happening.
Background
Last probe to visit Venus was Magellan orbiter in 1990, while other vessels have made fly-bys since then.
About Venus
Venus is the hottest planet of solar system and second planet from the sun. Its surface temperature is 500
degree Celsius which is hot enough to melt lead.
RDSO- India's First Standard Developing Organization
Research Design & Standards Organization (RDSO) wing of Indian railways has become India’s first
institution to be declared as Standard Developing Organization (SDO).
Highlights
Standard Development Organisation tag was given under “One Nation One Standard” mission of
Bureau of Indian Standards.
According to Railway Ministry, it is a unique initiative by two organizations under which Government
of India will set a template for rest of India’s leading research & standard development organizations
to adapt such standards.
BIS launched ‘National Standards Body’ scheme to attain government’s vision of “One Nation One
Standard”.
National Standards Body Scheme also provides for “Recognition of SDO”.
About National Standards Body Scheme
BIS launched this scheme with the aim of aggregating and integrating existing capabilities and dedicated
domain specific expertise which are available with various organizations of India engaged in standards
development in specific sectors. It also allows convergence of all standard development activities of India
enabling “One National Standard for One Subject”.
About RDSO
RDSO in Lucknow, is the sole Research and Design Wing of Railway Ministry. It is India’s leading standard
formulating body that undertakes standardization work for railway sector.

What does SDO recognition mean?

With SDO recognition, standard formulation procedures of RDSO will become more focused on consensus-
based decision making. It will extensively engage all stakeholders such as Industry, Academia, Test Houses,
Users, Recognized Labs etc, in standard making process from initial stages. With this tag, competition
among industries will increase resulting into reduction in cost & improvement in quality. It will also reduce
import dependency and boost Make in India initiative.
Seed Minikit Programme launched
Union Agriculture Minister, Narendra Singh Tomar, launched a seed Minikit programme by distributing high-
yielding varieties seeds of oilseeds and pulses to farmers.
About Seed Minikit Programme
This programme was launched as a major tool to introduce new varieties of seeds in fields.
It will also help in increasing the seed replacement rate.
Under the programme, Mini-kits are being provided by NAFED, National Seeds Corporation (NCS), and
Gujarat State Seeds Corporation.
It is completely funded by government through National Food Security Mission.
Distribution of seed minikits
Under the mission distribution of seeds will continue till June 15, 2021. Thus, farmers will get seeds
before commencement of Kharif sowing season.
About 20,27,318 seed minikits of pulses, 74000 minikits of groundnut and 8 lakh for soybean will be
provided free of cost to the farmers directly under National Food Security Mission.
Focus of the programme
This mission was launched to increase production of oilseeds and pulses.
Production of Oilseeds and pulses
Government has renewed its focus on production of oilseeds and pulses since 2014-15. As a result,
production of oilseeds increased from 27.51 million tonnes in 2014-15 to 36.57 million tonnes in 2020-21.
Similarly, production of pulses increased from 17.15 million tonnes to 25.56 million tonnes in same period.
ICMR approves PanBio Test Kit
Indian Council of Medical Research, ICMR has approved second home-based Rapid Antigen Test kit named
“PanBio COVID-19”. This test kit was developed by Abbott Rapid Diagnostics Division, Chicago.
Highlights
The self-use kit has been given provisional approval till 5th July. Price of the kit will be declared by after
July 5. Earlier, ICMR had given its approval to “CoviSelf test kit” which was developed by Pune-based Mylab
Discovery Solutions.
About PanBio Test Kit
PanBio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test kit comprise of a membrane strip. Strip is pre-coated with immobilized anti-
SARS-CoV-2 antibody on test line and mouse monoclonal anti-chicken on control line. Two types of
conjugates move upward on membrane chromatographically to react with anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody as well
as mouse monoclonal anti-chicken.
ICMR Advisory on Use of self-test kits
ICMR issued an advisory on use of self-test kits. According to it, Rapid Antigen test is advised only for
symptomatic individuals and immediate contacts of positive cases. Apart from that, home testing mobile
app available in Google play store and Apple store, which users has to mandatorily download. This mobile
app is a comprehensive guide of testing procedure. It will also provide a positive or negative test result to
patient. All users need to click picture of test strip after completing test procedure with same mobile phone
that was used to download the app and for registration. Individuals who test positive will be considered as

true positives while symptomatic individuals who test negative will be tested again by RT PCR.
Japan pledges additional 800 mn dollars to COVAX Facility
Prime Minister of Japan, Yoshihide Suga, pledged an additional 800 million US Dollars to COVAX facility.
Key Points
Additional grant of 800 mn dollar to COVAX facility aims for “fair distribution of Coronavirus vaccines
across the world”.
Announcement was made during an “online vaccine summit” which was co-hosted by Japan with
GAVI vaccine alliance.
Online Vaccine Summit
Online Vaccine Summit was attended by Vice President of United States, Kamala Harris; United Nations
Secretary General Antonio Guterres and others.
Japan’s contribution to COVAX
Japan had contributed 200 million dollars to COVAX earlier. He further highlighted, 76 million doses of
Coronavirus vaccines have been supplied across 120 countries and regions under COVAX facility. Japan
also plans to supply 30 million vaccine doses after considering spread of coronavirus variants and delay in
vaccine shipments.
COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access or COVAX
COVAX initiative was launched by GAVI vaccine alliance for equitable access to COVID-19 vaccines. It is
also supported by Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations and World Health Organization (WHO).
Initiative is one of three pillars of “Access to COVID-19 Tools Accelerator” initiative which was started by
WHO in April 2020. WHO-approved vaccines like Oxford–AstraZeneca, Moderna, Pfizer–BioNTech, Sinovac,
Sinopharm and Johnson & Johnson vaccines can be distributed as part of COVAX.
India-UK launch Workstream to promote industrial energy efficiency
India and United Kingdom have launched a new workstream to promote industrial energy efficiency. The
workstream was launched under Industrial Deep Decarbonization Initiative (IDDI) of Clean Energy Ministerial
(CEM).
12th Clean Energy Ministerial (CEM)
12th CEM is being organised by Chile in virtual mode. It was started on May 31 and will conclude on
June 6.
India and United Kingdom, launched a new workstream which is also coordinated by United Nations
Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).
Industrial Deep Decarbonization Initiative (IDDI)
Clean Energy Ministerial Industrial Deep Decarbonisation Initiative (IDDI) is a global coalition comprising of
public and private organisations working together to stimulate demand of low carbon industrial materials.
IDDI works to standardise carbon assessments and establish ambitious public & private sector procurement
targets in collaboration with governments. It also incentivises investment into low-carbon product and
design industrial guidelines. IDDI is Coordinated by UNIDO while Co-led by India and UK. Additional
members of the initiatives are Germany and Canada. It brings together a strong coalition of related
initiatives and organizations.
Objective of IDDI
Primary objective of this initiative is to infuse green technologies and stimulate demand for low-carbon
industrial material.
June 4, 2021
NITI Aayog Sustainable Development Index
NITI Aayog released third edition of Sustainable Development Index for 2020-2021, evaluating progress of

states and Union Territories with respect to social, economic and environmental parameters.
Sustainable Development Index 2021
In the index, Kerala has retained the top rank with score of 75.
Bihar, Jharkhand and Assam were worst performers.
Himachal Pradesh and Tamil Nadu retained second spot with score of 74.
Chandigarh retained top spot among UTs with a score of 79. It is followed by Delhi with score 68.
In terms of score improvement, Mizoram, Haryana and Uttarakhand are the top gainers in 2020-21
who have gained 12, 10 and 8 points, respectively as compared to index of 2019-2020.
Front Runners
In 2019, 10 states & UTs were categorized as front-runners with score in range 65-99. In 2020-2021, 12
more states & UTs were listed in this category. States like, Gujarat, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Maharashtra,
Mizoram, Haryana, Tripura, Lakshadweep, Delhi, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh
are states or UTs in this category.
India’s Overall SDG Score
India’s overall SDG (Sustainable Development Goal) score has increased from 60 in 2019 to 66 in 2020-21.
This increase is driven by good performance in SDG goal 6 (clean water and sanitation) and SDG goal 7
(affordable and clean energy).
About index of Sustainable Index
This index was first launched in December 2018. It is a primary tool of monitoring progress on SDGs in
India. It also fostered competition among states and union territories by ranking them on the basis of global
goals. Index was developed in collaboration with United Nations in India to measure progress at National
and sub-national level.
China launches New Generation Meteorological Satellite
China successfully launched its first satellite of a new generation meteorological satellite into planned
orbit. This satellite, named as Fengyun-4B (FY-48), will be used for fields of weather analysis, environmental
and disaster monitoring.
Fengyun-48
This satellite was launched by Long March-3B rocket from Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in Sichuan
Province. It is the first of China’s new-generation meteorological satellites which will be used for weather
analysis & forecasting, environmental and disaster monitoring.
Significance of new satellite
Fengyun-48 satellite will strengthen observation and response capability of small & medium scale disaster
events and provide information security services in sectors including agriculture, meteorological, marine,
aviation, and environmental protection. It will also conduct dynamic monitoring and tracking of several
disaster elements like cold fronts, floods, droughts and sand storms. It will also improve forecast accuracy
of disaster weather like typhoons and storms of China. It also comprises of a rapid imager which can
improve measurement resolution to 250 meters from geostationary orbit and accelerate scan imaging of
Earth.
Which areas will it cover?
Observation range of the satellite include Asia, central Pacific Ocean and Indian Ocean regions.
World Bicycle Day 2021
World Bicycle Day (WBD) is observed on June 3 every year with the objective of promoting health benefits of
cycling among all age groups.
Aim of WBD
Its primary aim is to draw attention of people towards the fact cycling is a zero-pollution mode of

transportation which is good for environment.

Background
United Nations General Assembly had declared June 3 as World Bicycle Day. UN resolution recognises
“uniqueness, longevity, and versatility of bicycle, which has been in use for two centuries.”. Campaign to
promote UN resolution for World Bicycle Day was led by professor Leszek Siblisk, a social scientist in the
United States. Campaign is supported by 56 countries.
Logo of WBD
The logo of WBD is a Blue and White in colour, depicting bicyclists around the globe. Its tagline is
#June3WorldBicycleDay. It was designed by Isaac Feld. Accompanying animation was created by Professor
John E. Swanson.
Why WBD is celebrated?
The day is celebrated as, World Health Organisation (WHO) says, cycling is a ‘pathway to achieve greater
health equity’. Cycling provides a form of transport for poorest urban sector who cannot afford private
vehicle. This, WBD is celebrated to recognise the benefits of cycling. Besides transportation, it reduces the
risk of stroke, heart disease, certain cancers and diabetes.
NITI Aayog submits names of PSU banks to be privatised
NITI Aayog has submitted names of Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) that will be privatised to Core Group of
Secretaries on Disinvestment.
Highlights
All these PSBs will be privatised by Financial Year 2022.
Privatisation is being done as part of government’s disinvestment process to raising funds.
Background
Centre’s aim of privatising two public sector banks and one general insurance company was highlighted
during Budget 2021-22. Task of identifying government owned banks and insurance company was given to
NITI Aayog.
Who decided these names?
Panel comprising of members from NITI Aayog, economic affairs secretary, expenditure secretary, revenue
secretary, legal affairs secretary, corporate affairs secretary, Department of Investment and Public Asset
Management (DIPAM) secretary and Department of Public Enterprises secretary.
Alternative Mechanism (AM)
Now, these names will go to Alternative Mechanism (AM) for approval after of Core Group of Secretaries,
headed by Cabinet Secretary, gives its approval. After AM, final approval will be taken by Cabinet headed by
Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
Public Sector Banks (PSBs) in India
PSBs are major banks, where majority stake (50% and more) is held by Union Ministry of Finance or Ministry
of Finance of various State governments. Its shares are listed on stock exchanges. Officers working in PSBs
are gazetted officers. Central Government got involved in banking business after nationalization of Imperial
Bank of India in 1955. 60% stake was taken by Reserve Bank of India and new bank was named “State Bank
of India”.
Govt sets up Expert group on Fixation of Minimum wages
Labour and Employment Ministry set up expert group that will provide technical inputs and
recommendations on fixation of minimum wages and national floor for minimum wages.
Key Points
This is the second expert committee on minimum wages formed by government in last two years.
Last panel was headed by Anoop Satpathy and was set up by ministry on January 17, 2018. It

conducted an evidence-based analysis to determine methodology of fixing national minimum wage. It

recommended to set national floor wave at RS 375 per day or RS 9,750 per month in accordance with
2018 prices. However, recommendations were not accepted.
About Expert Group on fixation of minimum wages
Expert group has been set for a period of three years. It is chaired by Ajit Mishra who is Director of Institute
of Economic Growth. Other members include- Tarika Chakraborty from IIM Calcutta; Anushree Sinha; Vibha
Bhalla, Joint Secretary; et-al.
Task of expert group
Expert group will look after International best practices on wages to arrive at any wage rate. They will evolve
a scientific criteria and methodology to fix wages.
What does Code on Wages specify?
The Code on Wages, which has not been enforced, provides for setting up of National Floor Level Minimum
Wage by Centre which is to be revised every five years. On the other hand, states will fix minimum wages for
their regions, that cannot be lower than floor wage. Current floor wage is at Rs 176 per day.
HDFC Bank to turn carbon neutral by 2031-32
HDFC Bank has planned to become carbon neutral by 2031-32. Bank is now looking for reducing its
emissions, energy, and water consumption.
How HDFC will turn carbon neutral?
HDFC will continue to incorporate and scale up use of renewable energy in its operations. Under its
environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) strategy, bank will also offer loans for green
products such as electric vehicles at lower interest rates. It will incorporate ESG scores in its credit
decisions. Apart from that, bank is also working on framework of issuing green bonds.
What are the plans?
HDFC has planned to,
1. Decrease absolute emissions and energy consumed from current level of 315,583 MT CO2 emissions;
2. Increase rooftop solar capacity in large offices.
3. Convert 50% of the total sourced electricity to renewable energy.
4. Create single-use plastic free corporate offices.
5. Plant 2.5 million trees.
6. Reduce water consumption by 30%.
Significance
With these efforts, HDFC is supporting India’s commitment in this direction and once the broad strategy is
in place, it will introduce new measures.
About HDFC Bank
HDFC Bank Limited, largest private sector bank by assets, is headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is
also the third largest company by market capitalisation on Indian stock exchanges and thirteenth largest
employer in India with 120,000 employees.
UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration Report
UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and Food & Agriculture Organisation of UN (FAO) launched ‘UN Decade
on Ecosystem Restoration’ report for 2021-2030 and called on nations to meet commitments of restoring 1
billion hectares of land.
Key Findings
As per the report, world is facing triple threat of climate change, loss of nature and pollution. So,
world must deliver on its commitment to restore at least one billion degraded hectares of land (equal
to size of China) in next decade.

Report highlights, countries also need to meet similar commitments for oceans.
Humanity is using 1.6 times the number of services that nature can provide sustainably.
Thus, conservation efforts alone are insufficient to prevent ecosystem collapse and biodiversity loss
on larger scale.
Communities living across two billion of degraded hectares and include world’s poorest and
marginalized people.
Global terrestrial restoration costs
Report estimates Global terrestrial restoration costs, excluding the cost of restoring marine ecosystems, to
be USD 200 billion per year by 2030. Every 1 USD invested in restoration can create up to USD 30 in
economic benefits.
Which ecosystems require urgent restoration?
Ecosystems like forests, farmlands, forests, grasslands, savannahs, urban areas, mountains, peatlands,
freshwaters, and oceans requires urgent restoration.
About UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration
UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021-2030 has called for protection and revival of ecosystems
across the world. It aims to stop degradation of ecosystems and restore them to achieve global goals.
Mission Innovation CleanTech Exchange
India launched a global Initiative ‘Mission Innovation CleanTech Exchange’ with the aim of creating a
network of incubators in member countries to boost clean energy innovation.
Highlights
Mission was launched virtually at “Innovating to Net Zero Summit, 2021″ organised by Chile.
It will provide access to expertise and market insights that are required to support new technologies
in order to access new markets across the world.
A total of 23 governments participated, out of which India launched new plans to prompt action and
spearheaded decade of innovation so that it could navigate worldwide investment in clean energy
research, development and demonstration.
Aim of the Mission
Mission was launched with the aim of making clean energy affordable, attractive and accessible for
decades and to escalate action towards Paris Agreement & net-zero emissions.
Mission Innovation 2.0
Mission Innovation 2.0 is the Second phase of global initiative, launched along with Paris Agreement at UN
climate conference 2015. Member countries are responsible for over 90% of global public investment and
collaboration so that, technologies can be provided to overcome toughest global climate challenge.
How technologies are significant in achieving the goal?
Half of global emissions reductions are required to achieve national and global climate targets by 2050,
depending on technologies available today. But available technologies are not sufficient, effective and
affordable for utilise at large scales such as clean hydrogen, advanced battery storage and zero-emission
fuels. Thus, Mission innovation 2.0 will catalyse public-private action & investment through sector-specific
missions. It will boost development of clean energy innovation.
What is USA's EAGLE Act?
US House of Representatives has reintroduced bipartisan legislation to eliminate per country cap on
employment-based green card. This legislation is called as “EAGLE Act” and was introduced to benefit
Indian IT professionals who are waiting over decades for green card.
What is EAGLE Act, 2021?
EAGLE Act is called as “Equal Access to Green cards for Legal Employment Act”. It proposes to phase out

limit of seven per cent per-country on employment-based immigrant visas. It also seeks to raise seven per
cent per-country limit to 15 percent on family-sponsored visas.
How will it help Indians?
Due to existing cap, a person from a large-population country like India with extraordinary qualifications,
who could contribute to US economy & create jobs, waits behind person with lesser qualifications from
small country. Thus, new legislation will reduce waiting time for Indian professionals.
Background
Fairness for High Skilled Immigrants Act is predecessor of EAGLE Act. It was passed in House in 116th
Congress with a resounding bipartisan vote of 365 to 65.
Indian Migrants to United States
Immigration from India to US started in early 19th century when Indian immigrants started to settle in
communities along the West Coast. They originally arrived in small numbers but as new opportunities
opened up in middle of 20th century, population grew larger in following decades. As of 2019, more than 2.7
million Indian immigrants reside in United States. Indian immigrants account for l6 percent of U.S. foreign-
born population. Thus, they are second largest immigrant group in country after Mexicans.
Chip-Off Technique developed to Retrieve Encrypted Data
Forensic scientists at Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL) have developed an indigenous chip-off
technique which will help the investigative agencies in producing credible evidences against criminals in
trial courts. This technique will also help in retrieving encrypted data from locked and severely damaged
smart cell phones.
Highlights
It was developed by scientists Akhlesh Kumar, Bhushan Ghode and Khevna Maniar.
Using the technique, scientists were able to retrieve data from a smart cell phone which were locked
with finger prints of a person died by suicide.
About Chip-off technique
Chip-off technique is divided in six parts. Firstly, device is opened up using heat and air combination to
remove its back & front covers, battery screws etc to retrieve motherboard. NAND flash memory is located
on motherboard or circuit board which is physically removed using appropriate heat and chemicals. Then
the removed chip is cleaned if necessary and forensic image of chip is taken with the help of imaging
software & adapter connecting it to PC. Further analysis is conducted with standard software at laboratory.
Limitations of technique
This technique is not successful on mobile device of higher Android or IOS versions including Apple
iphones. Data are extracted from such mobile devices are found in an encrypted condition and methods of
decryption are still under development. This technique can be used only if competent court grants
permission.
Senior Care Ageing Growth Engine (SAGE) Project
Social Justice and Empowerment Minister, Thaawar chand Gehlot, will launch Senior care Ageing Growth
Engine or SAGE project on June 4, 2021.
What is SAGE project?
SAGE project will be launched to select, support and create “one-stop access” of elderly care
products and services provided by credible start-ups.
Project was formulated following the recommendations of empowered expert committee report on
start-ups for elderly.
Once the project is launched, start-ups can apply to be a part of it through dedicated portal. This
dedicated portal will also be launched along with the scheme.

How start-ups will be selected?

Start-ups will be selected based on their innovative products and services, which they can provide across
sectors like housing, health and care centres. They will also be selected based on technological access
linked to finances, food & wealth management besides legal guidance.
Who will facilitate the scheme?
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment will be the facilitator to enable elderly to access products
through these identified and verified start-ups.
What was the need of this scheme?
This scheme was required in the light of increasing share of elders. As per a survey, share of elders with
respect to total population in percentage term is expected to increase from 7.5 per cent in 2001 to about
12.5 per cent by 2026.
Blue-finned Mahseer moved out of IUCN red list
According to TATA Power, Blue-finned Mahseer has moved to “least concern” status which was listed in red
list of endangered species of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) earlier.
Highlights
TATA group is involved in conservation of blue-finned and golden mahseer for 50 years in Lonavala.
Golden mahseer is still in danger of going extinct.
About five lakh mahseer are bred at Walvan Hatchery in Lonavala, where group has created an
artificial lake for their conservation.
About Mahseer
Mahseer is the common name for generaTor. These fishes are found across Vietnam in north and China in
south, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, southern Asia, Indian Peninsula, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
and Afghanistan. They are commercially important game fish and highly esteemed food fish. They have a
high market price and are potential candidate species for aquaculture.
Concerns
Several larger species of Mahseer have suffered severe declines which are now considered threatened
because of pollution, overfishing and habitat loss. Concerns are increasing regarding impacts of
unregulated release of artificially bred stock of limited number of species.
Characteristics
They inhabit both rivers and lakes. Most of species ascend into rapid streams with rocky bottoms for
breeding. They are omnivorous. They eat algae, crustaceans, frogs, insects and other fish. They also eat
fruits that fall from trees overhead.
Teacher Eligibility Test certificate made valid for lifetime
Union government has extended validity period of Teachers Eligibility Test (TET) qualifying certificate from
7 years to lifetime with retrospective effect from 2011.
Key Points
According to Education Minister, this is a positive step which will increase employment opportunities
for candidates who seeks to make a career in teaching field.
Now, respective state government and union territories will take action to revalidate or issue a fresh
TET certificates for candidates whose period of 7 years have expired already.
Background
This decision will make changes in guidelines of February 11, 2011 of the National Council for Teacher
Education (NCTE) which provided that, TET would be conducted by state governments and validity of TET
Pass certificate was 7 years from date of passing TET.

What is Teachers Eligibility Test (TET)?

TET is an essential qualification for person who seeks appointment as a teacher in schools. Earlier, validity
of TET pass certificate was 7 years which has now been extended to lifetime. There is no restriction on
number of attempts a person can take this exam to acquire a certificate. TET is conducted by each state
separately while, Central TET or CTET is conducted by Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE).
IIT-Hyderabad develops Nano-Fibre based Amphotericin B oral tablets
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Hyderabad has developed nano-fibre based oral tablets of Amphotericin
B, called as AmB.
Highlights
IIT Hyderabad researchers decided to keep this technology free of intellectual property rights and is
ready for technology transfer so that tablet can be produced on mass level.
This medicine is reportedly cheaper, higher AmB absorption and less Nephrotoxicity.
AmB was earlier available in injectable form only.
What are Amphotericin B tablets?
Amphotericin B tablets are nano-fibre based oral medicine that can be used to treat fungal infections which
is currently spreading in India post COVID treatment.
Background
Researchers from the Department of Chemical Engineering were studying two years ago about oral
nanofibrous AmB and found it effective for Kala Azar. This was the first attempt to fabricate nanofibrous
oral tablets of Amphotericin B to cure Kala Azar.
Amphotericin B
It is an antifungal medication used in serious fungal infections and leishmaniasis. It is used to treat
mucormycosis, aspergillosis, candidiasis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis etc. It is typically given through
injection into vein. Common side effects of medication include fever, chills, and headaches besides kidney
problems. It is safe in pregnancy as well.
Mucormycosis or black fungus
It is a serious fungal infection affecting people with reduced immunity and inability to fight infections.
Symptoms of infection depends on site of the infection in body. It commonly infects sinuses and brain
causing runny nose, one-sided facial swelling, pain, headache and fever.
Three caves found in Buddhist Caves Complex, Nasik
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) has found three caves in Buddhist Caves Complex in Nasik,
Maharashtra.
Highlights
Newly discovered caves are being discovered about two centuries after the British military officer
documented Tri-Rashmi Buddhist caves, which is also called as Pandav Leni, on a hill in Nashik.
Antiquity of caves is yet to be established. They may have been dwellings of Buddhist monks.
Archaeologists believe, these caves could be older than Trirashmi caves.
About discovered caves
These caves were discovered on opposite side of the current complex. They are about 70-80 feet above the
existing complex and have been carved out of a steep hill. They look like monks’ dwellings and older than
the current complex. Two of the caves have shared dwellings while third was perhaps occupied by one
monk. All these caves comprise of verandahs and characteristic square stone platform for monks. They
have special arrangements for monks to meditate. Caves also have images of Buddha & Bodhisattvas and
sculptures with designs of Indo-Greek architecture.

Background
The Buddhist sculptures and caves are a significant example of “Indian rock-cut architecture” which
represent Hinayana tradition of Buddhism.
About Pandavleni caves
Pandavleni caves were earlier called as ‘Trirashmi caves’. These caves are a group of 25 caves, carved out
of Tri-Rashmi Hill between 2nd century BC and 6th century AD. Vihara and the Chaitya are the main caves
among 25 caves. Complex of the cave was documented in 1823 by Captain James Delamaine. It is an ASI
protected site and a famous tourist destination.
June 5, 2021
RBI Monetary Policy 2021
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Unveiled its bi-monthly monetary policy and has kept the interest rates
unchanged.
Highlights
Monetary policy opened a Rs 15,000-crore liquidity window for contact-intensive sectors such as
hotels and tourism.
On the liquidity front, it announced securities purchases of Rs 40,000 crore in June quarter while Rs
1.2 lakh crore in September under G-SAP 1.0 to revive the growth.
It kept interest rates unchanged. Repo rate was kept at 4 per cent while reverse repo rate was kept
unchanged at 3.35 per cent.
G-SAP 2.0 will be launched to buy bonds worth Rs 1.2 trillion. Under it, RBI will also buy bonds issued
by state governments.
Why report was kept unchanged?
Reports were kept unchanged because, in current situation, policy support from all sides is required to
regain momentum of growth and to nurture recovery.
Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)
MPC fixes benchmark interest rate in India. Meetings of MPC are held at least 4 times a year or at least
once BIMONTHLY and it publishes its decisions after each meeting.
Members of MPC
MPC has six members- three officials from Reserve Bank of India and three external members who are
nominated by Government of India. Governor of the RBI is chairperson ex officio of committee.
What is silent period?
Members of the MPC are required to observe a “silent period” seven days before and after its rate decision
to maintain confidentiality.
How decisions are taken?
Decisions of MPC are taken by majority where Governor can put his casting vote in case of tie.
What is G-SAP 1.0
It is Government Security Acquisition Programme 1.0 announced by RBI for orderly evolution of yield curve
in Financial Year 2022. Under it, RBI will purchase government bonds of worth Rs 1 trillion. It provides more
comfort to bond market and reduces spread between repo rate and ten-year government bond yield. It is
similar to an OMO calendar.
SpaceX launches 22nd Resupply Services Mission to ISS
SpaceX has again launched its 22nd resupply services mission called SpaceX CRS 22, using cargo Dragon 2
capsule, to International Space station (ISS).
22nd Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) mission
This is the second mission under new CRS contract of SpaceX with NASA and fifth capsule in last 12

months which SpaceX sent to ISS. 22nd launch is also the first launch of 2021 on new Falcon 9 rocket
booster. Falcon 9 Rocket launch vehicle is carrying 7,300 pounds of research materials, supplies, hardware
and new solar arrays. It is also carrying a number of research experiments which will be conducted on ISS.
It is carrying a oral bacteria to test germ growth with Colgate toothpaste.
SpaceX Dragon
It is also known as Dragon 1 or Cargo Dragon. SpaceX has developed this class of reusable cargo
spacecraft. It was launched into orbit by Falcon 9 launch vehicle of SpaceX to resupply International Space
Station (ISS). It was first launched in 2010 as the first successful commercially built and operated
spacecraft. In 2012, a cargo variant of Dragon became first commercial spacecraft to successfully engage
with and attach to ISS. SpaceX contracted with NASA’s commercial resupply program to deliver cargo to ISS
and dragon started its regular cargo flights in October 2012.
World Sustainable Development Summit 2021
World Sustainable Development Summit was organised on June 4, on the eve of World Environment Day.
Union Minister for Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Prakash Javadekar, addressed the summit and
underlined the importance of water conservation by adopting conservation technologies and changing water
use habits.’
Theme of Summit
World Sustainable Development Summit 2021 was held under theme “Redefining our common future: Safe &
Secure Environment for All”.
Highlights
According to the minister, availability of water is continuously declining and agriculture sector alone
consumes 85 percent of available water. Thus, water conservation methods should be used in Agriculture to
manage available water resources efficiently.
About World Sustainable Development Summit
World Sustainable Development Summit is annual flagship event organised by The Energy and Resources
Institute (TERI). Summit brings together political leaders, Nobel laureates, decision-makers from bilateral &
multilateral institutions, scientists & researchers and media personnel to discuss issues related to
sustainable development.
Aim of the summit
World Sustainable Development Summit aims to provide long-term solutions to benefit of global community
by assembling different stakeholders on single platform.
World Environment Day 2021
World environment day is celebrated on June 5. It is a flagship day of United Nations to promote worldwide
awareness and action on environment. This year, Pakistan is hosting the world environment day in
partnership with UN Environment Programme (UNEP) under the theme ‘ecosystem restoration’.
IISR gets Patent for Black Pepper Micronutrient
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)-Indian Institute of Spices Research (IISR) got patent for black
pepper micronutrient foliar formulation for which it had submitted application in 2013.
Key Points
ICAR-IISR submitted an application for patent in 2013 to the patent office under Central government.
Technology has been licensed to seven entrepreneurs for commercial production, on non-exclusive
basis. It is expected that, more entrepreneurs will apply for technology licence of patented product.
Designer Micronutrient foliar
ICAR-IISR developed crop designer micronutrient foliar formulations for major spices like black pepper,
turmeric, ginger and cardamom in a bid to overcome micronutrient deficiencies. It also seeks to meet

physiological and metabolic requirements of spice crops.

Black pepper-specific micronutrient formulation
Black pepper-specific micronutrient formulation was developed by a team comprising of three scientists-
Dr. V. Srinivasan, Dr. S. Hamza and Dr. R. Dinesh. Micronutrient mixture of black pepper improves quality of
produce. It is environment-friendly and is already popular among farmers.
Why it was developed?
Micronutrient mixture for black pepper was designed to fulfil requirements of black pepper crop by
maintaining optimal ratio of secondary micronutrients such as zinc, magnesium and boron in leaf. This
method is recommended for black pepper as a foliar spray during spike initiation as the monsoon begins.
Application of black pepper micronutrient mixture enhances quality of produce and contributes to health of
vines.
SEBI Increases Foreign Investment Limit for MFs
Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has increased overseas investment limit for local mutual
funds.
Highlights
With this, mutual funds can make overseas investments to a maximum of US $ 1 billion per Mutual
Fund out of overall industry limit of US $ 7 billion.
While in overseas Exchange Traded Fund, mutual funds can invest a maximum of US $ 300 million per
Mutual Fund with industry limit of US $ 1 billion.
Mutual Fund
It is an open-end professionally managed investment fund that attracts money from many investors to
purchase securities. Both retail or institutional investors can invest in mutual funds. Benefits of mutual
funds include economies of scale, liquidity, diversification, and professional management. However, these
benefits come with fees and expenses. Primary structures of mutual funds are open-end funds, closed-end
funds, unit investment trusts and exchange-traded funds (ETFs).
Exchange-traded funds (ETFs)
ETF is a type of investment fund and exchange-traded product. They are similar to mutual funds. The only
difference is, ETFs are bought & sold throughout a day while mutual funds are sold & bought on price basis
at the end of specific day. ETF holds assets like currencies, stocks, bonds & currencies and commodities
like gold bars.
World Environment Day 2021
World Environment Day (WED) is being observed on June 5 under the theme “Ecosystem Restoration”. It will
be hosted by Pakistan.
Significance of the day
Amid the ongoing covid-19 pandemic, which the world has been fighting for 1.5 years, WED has become
more significant. Pandemic has shown how disastrous ecosystem loss can be. As the area of natural
habitat for animal is shrinking pathogens like coronavirus are easily spreading. Thus, only healthy
ecosystems can enhance livelihoods, counter climate change and stop collapse of biodiversity.
Highlights
On the occasion of WED, UN kicked off “UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030)”, which is a
global mission to revive billions of hectares of forests, farmlands, mountains ecosystem and marine
ecosystem.
Background
WED is celebrated on June 5 each year to encourage awareness and environmental protection. As United
Nations says, this day provides us an opportunity to broaden basis for enlightened opinion and responsible

conduct by individuals, communities and enterprises to preserve and enhance the environment. It is
celebrated by engaging governments, celebrities, businesses, and citizens shift their focus on eradicating
environmental issue.
DAC clears deal for 6 submarines
Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has cleared a mega project to build six conventional submarines for
Indian Navy. Decision was taken at DAC meeting chaired by Defence Minister, Rajnath Singh.
Highlights
This project will cost around Rs 43,000 crore.
It was cleared under strategic partnership mode.
Project seeks to narrow the gap with growing naval skills of China.
Request for Proposal (RFP) for make-in-India project called ‘P-75 India’ will be issued soon.
Groundwork including specifications of submarines & other critical requirements for issuance of RFP
for mega project was completed by separate teams of Defence Ministry and Indian Navy.
First submarine under this project will take more than 7 years to enter service.
Significance of the project
This project is one of the largest ‘Make in India’ projects. It will facilitate faster and more significant
absorption of technology and help in creating a tiered industrial ecosystem for submarine construction.
Apart from that, current dependence on imports will be reduced as this project will ensure greater self-
reliance and dependability of supplies from indigenous sources.
Defence Acquisition Council (DAC)
DAC is highest decision-making body in Defence Ministry that decides on new policies and capital
acquisitions for Army, Navy and Air Force as well as Indian Coast Guard. Defence Minister is the Chairman
of Council. DAC was formed in 2001 following the recommendations of Group of Ministers on “Reforming
National Security System” after Kargil War of 1999. It is the highest decision-making body on procurement
in defence ministry.
Kerala launches 'Knowledge Economy Mission'
Kerala government has launched ‘Knowledge Economy Mission’ to boost job prospects in the state by
supporting knowledge workers.
Highlights
Initiative was announced in State Budget on June 4. It was being spearheaded by Kerala Development and
Innovation Strategic Council (K-DISC) and they will submit a comprehensive project report before July 15.
About Knowledge Economy Mission
Project will be launched to bring ongoing efforts of providing employment to educated people and support
‘knowledge workers’ under a single programme. A plan will be made to provide basic facilities and social
security system for knowledge workers who are working close to their homes and interacting with
employers. For implementation and funding purposes, ‘knowledge economy fund’ will be created. In order to
promote skills & strengthen higher education system and for technological transformation, knowledge
economy fund was hiked from ₹200 crore to ₹300 crore.
Kerala Digital Workforce Management System
Kerala Digital Workforce Management System was set up by APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University. It
has registered over 27,000 job aspirants so far. This system is a sub-mission of Kudumbasree Mission. It
provides training to workers and executives of K-DISC and Additional Skill Acquisition Programme (ASAP).
Oasis of Hope: Film Division's online festival
Film Division is organising an online festival on environment called “Oasis of hope” on the occasion of
World Environment Day 2021.

About Oasis of Hope Festival

Oasis of hope festival will be organised on 5 th and 6 th June 2021 to mark he importance of world
environment day (WED). It will celebrate the spirit of key words of WED namely, “REIMAGINE, RECREATE,
RESTORE”. This 2-day festival will showcase films giving strong message on reviving environment and
reimagining nature’s co-existence. It will also suggest several ways to restore inseparable relationship of
human being and nature. Streaming will be done on Films Division website and Youtube channel.
Green Package
Films under ‘green package’ include:
1. Jungle Man Loiyaa– It highlights story of Loiya Ngamba who is a nature lover from Manipur. Movie is
a story of reorienting man’s relationship with nature.
2. Living the Natural Way– This movie is about Mishing tribes from small Brahmaputra Island and
highlights how changing climate & environment has shattered their traditional way of living.
3. My Son Neo– This movie is about, how a five-year-old boy grows up amidst natural environment.
4. Plastic World– this animated movie portrays vast and arid dystopian landscape of future, covered in
plastic waste and alerts over hazardous effects of plastic.
Indonesia's Merapi volcano erupts
As per Geological Disaster Technology Research and Development Centre, Indonesia’s Merapi volcano
erupted four times with lava spreading to 1,500 metres from crater.
Most Active Volcano
Merapi is considered as Indonesia’s most active volcano. It erupted four times and experienced 43
avalanche earthquakes. Mountain was belching thick white smokes as high as 50 meters above the
mountain’s peak.
Mount Merapi
In Indonesian and Javanese language, Merapi means fire mountain. It is an active stratovolcano located on
border of Central Java and Yogyakarta in Indonesia. The most active volcano, has erupted regularly since
1548. It is located near Yogyakarta city with population of 2.4 million. Several people live in villages on
flanks of volcano as high as 1,700 metres which result into fatalities. It has been designated as one of
Decade Volcanoes.
Central Java
This province of Indonesia is located in middle of Java Island. Its administrative capital is Semarang. It is
surrounded by West Java, Indian Ocean, Special Region of Yogyakarta, East Java and Java Sea. It is the
third-most populous province in Java as well as in Indonesia after West Java and East Java.
Special Region of Yogyakarta
It is a provincial-level autonomous region of Indonesia in south Java. It is bordered by Indian Ocean and
share border with Central Java. Province is ruled by Yogyakarta Sultanate. Thus, it is an officially
recognized monarchy within government of Indonesia. It a popular tourist destination and cultural centre.
CBSE introduces Coding and Data Science
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) in collaboration with Microsoft to introduce coding and data
science in school curriculum.
Key points
Coding will be introduced for students of Class 6 to class 8 while data science will be introduced for
Class 8 to class 12 as new skilling subjects.
Both these courses will be introduced in 2021-2022 academic session.
About coding and data science curriculum
Both of these skilling subjects focuses on building critical thinking, computational skills, creativity, problem-

solving skills and hands-on exposure to new technologies. Subjects will be launched in line with National
Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
Role of Microsoft
Microsoft has designed supplementary handbooks for coding as well as data science in line with the NCERT
patterns and structures. Books cover real-life examples with the aim of building exposure to ethical
dimensions exposure to Microsoft MakeCode.
Microsoft MakeCode
It is an open-source platform that can enable students to learn better in a gamified manner. It will cover
students of all disciplines like languages, mathematics and social sciences. Apart from this, it will also
build foundation for AI-based applications of data science.
Data science
An interdisciplinary field which uses scientific methods, algorithms, processes, and systems in order to
extract knowledge and insights from structured and unstructured data. It then applies knowledge and
actionable insights in broad range of application domains. Data mining, machine learning and big data are
part of data science.
Denmark approves Artificial Island off Copenhagen
Parliament of Denmark has approved plans for an artificial island which will house 35,000 people and help
in protecting port of Copenhagen from rising sea levels.
Lynette Holm Island
This giant island would have an area of 1 sq mile and would be connected to mainland through ring road,
tunnels and metro line. Plans include construction of a dam system across its perimeter. This dam will help
in protecting the harbour from rising sea levels and storms.
Roadblocks in construction
Construction of island is facing opposition from environmentalists and it will have adverse effect on
environment. Construction of island will lead to transportation of materials by road through large numbers
of vehicles. About 350 lorry journeys will be required in a day through Copenhagen once the construction
has started. Thus, environmentalists are raising concerns over moment of sediments at sea and is impact
on ecosystem and environment. Following this, a case against the development of Lynette Holm has been
filed before European Court of Justice by environmental groups.
Copenhagen
Copenhagen is the capital city as well as most populous city of Denmark. City is situated on eastern coast
of island of Zealand. Another portion of city is located on Amager which is separated from Malmo in
Sweden by strait of Oresund. Oresund Bridge connects both the cities by rail and road.
Ladakh launches YounTab scheme
Lieutenant Governor of Ladakh, RK Mathur, launched the YounTab scheme for students. Under the scheme,
about 12,300 tablets were distributed among them in Leh.
About YounTab scheme
It is an initiative of Department of School Education. It was launched with the technical support of
Information Technology Department. Under the scheme, 12,300 tablets with preloaded online and offline
content like textbooks, video lectures and online class applications would be distributed among students
from Class 6th to 12th in government schools. Scheme was launched as an attempt for long term technology
infusion in education system.
Know your Ladakh
This Union Territory is administered by India and is a part of larger Kashmir region, which is dispute
between India, Pakistan, and China since 1947. Ladakh was established as separate UT on October 31, 2019

after Jammu & Kashmir Reorganisation Act was passed. It is bordered by Tibet Autonomous Region in east,
Himachal Pradesh in south, Jammu & Kashmir in west, and Xinjiang across the Karakoram Pass in north. It
extends from Siachen Glacier in Karakoram range to Great Himalayas from north to south. Its eastern part
comprising of uninhabited Aksai Chin plains is under Chinese control since 1962. Largest town in Ladakh is
Leh followed by Kargil. Leh district comprise of Shyok, Indus and Nubra river valleys. While Kargil district
comprises of Dras, Suru and Zanskar river valleys. It is the 2nd least populated UT in India.
NTPC joins UN’s CEO Water Mandate
India’s largest power utility, NTPC Ltd, has become a signatory of UN Global Compact’s CEO Water
Mandate.
Highlights
CEO Water Mandate is a coveted league of companies focusing on efficient water management.
Chairman and Managing Director of NTPC, Shri Gurdeep Singh, has joined a select group of business
leaders who recognize importance of water stewardship and is working to conserve water.
NTPC’s measure for water conservation
NTPC has taken several measures across its plant locations for water management.
Now, it will follow the policy of 3 R’s that is; reduce, reuse, recycle for water conservation and
management while generating power.
CEO Water Mandate
It is a UN Global Compact initiative which demonstrate commitment and efforts of companies to enhance
their water and sanitation agendas in line with Sustainable Development Goals. It has been designed to
assist companies in developing, implementing and disclosing comprehensive water strategies and policies.
It provides a platform for companies to link with like-minded businesses, public authorities, UN agencies,
civil society organizations etc.
NTPC Limited
This Indian government owned electricity board was formerly called as National Thermal Power Corporation
Limited. It is engaged in business of generation of electricity and allied activities. NTPC was incorporated
under Companies Act 1956 and is working under Ministry of Power. Headquarters of NTPC is located at
New Delhi. Apart from electricity generation, it also undertakes consultancy & turnkey project contracts
involving engineering, construction management, project management and operation & management of
power plants.
June 7, 2021
Haryana to create 80 acres of 'Oxi-van'
Chief Minister of Haryana, Manohar Lal Khattar, announced to create 80 acres of ‘Oxi-van’ (a forest) in
Karnal district. It was announced on the occasion of World Environment Day on June 5, 2021. Oxi-van will
consist of 10 types of forests.
Highlights
On the occasion, highlighting importance of trees and encouraging promotion, protection, planting of trees
Haryana Government launched four important schemes:
1. Prana Vayu Devta Pension Scheme
2. Oxi-Van in Karnal
3. Oxi-Van in Panchkula
4. Panchavati Plantation in Haryana
Pran Vayu Devta Pension Scheme
Under this scheme, a pension amount of Rs 2500 will be provided in name of Pran Vayu Devta to maintain
trees above 75 years. This pension would increase each year on the line of old age samman pension.

Panchavati Plantation in Haryana

Under this initiative, plantation will be done in name of Panchvati across the villages in Haryana. It will
promote the process of getting natural oxygen from trees. Agro forestry will also be promoted on vacant
land under the initiative. Thus, it will increase income of Panchayats in rural areas.
Oxy-Van in Karnal
Oxy Forest was launched on Forest Department land in Mughal Canal, Karnal. Panchavati, trees of Bel,
Amla, Ashoka, Banyan and Peepal were planted. It will be built on 80 acres area.
Oxy-Van in Panchkula
It will be established in Bir Ghaggar on area of one hundred acres in a bid to create Mother Nature’s green
lungs, for residents of Panchkula, to get in fresh oxygen. Rs One crore has been sanctioned for this
initiative.
PM Modi launches E-100 project
Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, launched E-100 pilot project on the occasion of World Environment Day in
Pune.
E-100 Project
This ambitious project was launched with the aim of setting up a network for production and distribution of
ethanol in India.
Highlights
Prime Minister also launched ‘Report of the Expert Committee on Road Map for ethanol blending in India
2020-2025’. It was released in line with the theme of World Environment Day- “promotion of biofuels for a
better environment”.
Ethanol Sector in India
According to Prime Minister, India has taken several steps for development of ethanol sector. Ethanol has
become a major priority of 21st century India because ethanol has a better impact on environment and lives
of farmers. In the line, Government resolved to achieve target of 20 percent ethanol blending in petrol by
2025. Till 2014, about 1.5 percent of ethanol used to be blended in India. Now it has reached to 8.5 percent.
Ethanol Blending
Ethanol Blending in petrol is being adopted by many countries including India in a bid to reduce vehicle
exhaust emissions and reduce import burden on crude petroleum. Presently, bioethanol blending in petrol
stands at 5%, which can replace around 1.8 million Barrels of crude oil.
Significance of Ethanol Blending
1. Ethanol molecule comprises oxygen which allows engine to completely combust fuel. This result in
fewer emissions and reduces environmental pollution.
2. Ethanol, being a by-product of sugar industry, is a renewable source that leads to net reduction in
emission of Carbon dioxide, Carbon Monoxide and hydrocarbons.
Raimona - Sixth national park of Assam
According to Chief Minister of Assam, Himanta Biswa Sarma, Raimona reserve forest in Kokrajhar district
has been upgraded to sixth national park of Assam. This forest comes under Bodoland Territorial Region
(BTR) across the border with Bhutan.
Background
Assam has five national parks-
1. Kaziranga National Park
2. Manas National Park,
3. Nameri National Park,
4. Orang National Park and

5. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park.

Raimona National Park
This national park of Assam is located in Gossaigaon subdivision of Kokrajhar district under BTR. Park is a
part of contiguous forest patch having an area of 422 km2. It covers northern part of notified Ripu Reserve
Forest which is the westernmost buffer to Manas Tiger Reserve. Park is home to golden langur, tigers, Asian
elephants, clouded leopards, wild buffalo, Indian gaur, hornbill, spotted deer, 170 species of birds, 150
species of butterflies and 380 varieties of plants & orchids.
Manas National Park
This national park is a UNESCO Natural World Heritage site, Elephant reserve, Project Tiger reserve and a
biosphere reserve in Assam, India. It is contiguous with Royal Manas National Park of Bhutan. It is known
for its rare and endangered endemic wildlife like golden langur, pygmy hog, Assam roofed turtle and hispid
hare besides, wild water buffalo
Maharashtra launches Annual Priority Sector Credit Plan
Maharashtra launched ‘state annual priority sector credit plan’ worth Rs 4,60,881 crore along with an ‘overall
annual credit plan’ worth 18,10,779 crore.
Highlights
It was launched during quarterly State Level Bankers Committee (SBLC) meeting of Maharashtra.
State government has set annual credit lending target of Rs 1.19 lakh crore for agriculture sector by
banks for financial year 2021-2022.
Out of this, Rs 60,860 crore was set for crop loans during kharif and rabi seasons.
Banks have also disbursed crop loans worth Rs 47,972 crores for this financial year.
Government asked banks in state to continue more finance under crop loan disbursement for kharif
2021 season and to achieve season targets by end of June 2021.
Banks have also been advised to improve credit disbursal under agriculture sector and support all
government-sponsored schemes & SHGs.
Priority Sector Lending
Priority Sector Lending is decided as per RBI guidelines. Under it, RBI mandates banks to lend certain
amount from their funds to specified sectors such as agriculture; Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises
(MSMEs); education, export credit, renewable energy, housing and social infrastructure. All scheduled
commercial banks and foreign banks are mandated to keep 40% of their Adjusted Net Bank Credit (ANDC)
to lend these sectors. Regional rural banks, co-operative banks and small finance banks can allocate 75% of
ANDC. Lending is facilitated to ensure that, adequate institutional credit reaches vulnerable sectors of
economy.
SpaceX rocket carries squids, microorganisms to ISS
SpaceX rocket lift-off rocket to International Space Station carrying supplies for scientific experiments
along with surprising passengers like squids and microorganisms called tardigrades.
Key points
Dragon capsule was launched with Falcon 9 rocket.
Capsule is carrying young specimens of species Euprymna scolopes called as bobtail squid.
Species were sent to study the effect of zero gravity on interactions between bacteria and their host
organisms.
Squids will be exposed to bacteria once they reach ISS. After 12 hours, specimens will be preserved
until their return to Earth.
Tardigrades
SpaceX rocket is also carrying these microorganisms, also known as “water bears”. They can withstand

extreme radiation, sizzling heat and coldest temperatures in universe and decades without having food.
Bobtail squid
An animal model, called as Euprymna scolopes, is used to study symbiotic relationships between two
species. Animals and humans rely on microbes to maintain a healthy digestive and immune system. So,
squids were lift-off to ISS to understand how spaceflight alters these beneficial interactions. This
experiment will help scientists to develop techniques to protect health of astronauts participating in long-
duration missions in space.’
Ultrasound Gravity
On the mission, scientists will demonstrate use of portable ultrasound in microgravity using Butterfly IQ
Ultrasound flight technology. Usability and autonomous operations of Butterfly IQ Ultrasound will be
assessed for future use in human exploration missions above low-Earth orbit.
State of India’s Environment Report 2021
According to State of India’s Environment Report 2021, India’s rank has dropped by two places to 117 as
compared to 2020 ranking on 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Key Findings
SDG goals were adopted as a part of 2030 agenda by 193 United Nations member states in 2015.
In 2020, India’s rank was 115 and has dropped by two places because of major challenges pertaining
to SDG2, SDG 5 and SDG 9.
India was ranked below four South Asian countries- Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan and Bangladesh.
India attained an overall SDG score of 61.9 out of 100.
State-wise preparedness
As per the report, Jharkhand & Bihar are least prepared to meet SDGs by 2030.
Jharkhand lags in five SDGs while Bihar lags on seven factors.
States and UTs with best overall score are Kerala, Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh are on path of
achieving SDGs.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
UN member states adopted 17 SDGs. Some of the SDGs include-
SDG 1- No Poverty;
SDG 2- Zero Hunger;
SDG 3- Good health & well-being;
SDG 4- Quality Education;
SDG 5- Gender Equality;
SDG 6- Clean Water & Sanitation;
SDG 9- Industry, Innovation & Infrastructure;
SDG 10- Reduced Inequalities,
SDG 13- Climate Action etc.
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
This agenda was adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015. It provides a shared blueprint for
peace & prosperity for people as well as planet considering present and future.
Performance Grading Index 2019-20 released
Education Minister, Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank, approved release of the Performance Grading Index (PGI)
2019-20.
PGI 2019-20
PGI provides grading to States and Union Territories on the basis of 70 parameters to assess and
catalyse transformational change in education.

5 states & union territories namely Chandigarh, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Andaman & Nicobar Islands and
Kerala attained highest grade (Grade A++) for 2019-20.
In comparison to previous year, report has improved across most of the states.
This year, 5 states attained Level II score of 901-950 which is Grade A or 1++.
Ladakh was graded for first time and was placed in Grade VII.
Meghalaya attained score of 601-650 which is Grade VI.
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Punjab and Arunachal Pradesh improved their score by 20%.
11 states or UTs have improved their score by 10% – 20%.
10 states including Karnataka & Delhi have improved their score by 5% to 10%.
Background of PGI
PGI was first published in 2019 for 2017-2018. This exercise is done with the aim of undertaking multi-
pronged interventions which could help various states and administration to reach desired goals in
education. This report acts as a good source of information of best practices which are followed by States
and UTs. Report seeks to help states or UTs to pinpoint areas of concerns & gaps and helps in effectively
bridging them.
Goa to restore forts, temples of Shivaji
Goa government has released a short film on Chhatrapati Shivaji on the occasion of anniversary of Maratha
king’s coronation day highlighting history of Goa and Shivaji’s role in fighting Portuguese.
Key points
Film titled “Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Shivrajyabhishek Divas” was released on social media in Konkani
and Hindi version. Movie highlights hundreds of true stories that future generations need to be aware of.
Film speaks about royal tax imposed by traitorous landlords in Pernem, Maneri, Bicholim,and Sattari in
North Goa to oppress locals, after which they betrayed the land and state and revolted against Portuguese.
Shivaji Bhonsale I
An Indian ruler, also referred as Chhatrapati Shivaji, was a member of Bhonsle Maratha clan. He carved out
an enclave from declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur and formed genesis of Maratha Empire. He was
crowned as Chhatrapati (emperor) of his realm formally in 1674, at Raigad.
Alliances and hostilities
During his life, Shivaji got engaged in alliances as well as hostilities with Mughal Empire, Sultanate of
Golkonda and Sultanate of Bijapur besides European colonial powers. His military forces expanded
influence of Maratha sphere and he captured & built forts. He established Maratha navy. He revived ancient
Hindu political traditions and promoted Marathi language.
24 years of BIMSTEC
th
Extending greetings on 24 BIMSTEC Day on June 6, PM Narendra Modi said, BIMSTEC has emerged as a
promising regional grouping and made progress on several factors including finalisation of master plan for
connectivity.
What is BIMSTEC?
BIMSTEC is acronym for “Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation”. It
is a regional multilateral organisation established on June 6, 1997 in Bangkok under the name BIST-EC
(Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand Economic Cooperation). Myanmar was included to it in 1997
following which group was renamed as ‘BIMST-EC’ (Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka and Thailand
Economic Cooperation). After Nepal & Bhutan become full members in 2004, BIMSTEC was renamed to its
current form.
Members of BIMSTEC
Seven members of BIMSTEC are littoral and adjacent areas of Bay of Bengal constituting a regional unity. 5

are South Asian countries namely Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal & Sri Lanka while 2 countries- Myanmar
& Thailand- are from Southeast Asia.
Aim of BIMSTEC
BIMSTEC connects South and Southeast Asia besides ecologies of Great Himalayas and Bay of Bengal. It
was established with the aims of creating an enabling environment for rapid economic development and
accelerating social progress.
G7 deal on Minimum Global Corporate Tax
Recently, Group of seven (G7) advanced economies signed a landmark deal on taxing multinational
companies. As per the deal, minimum global tax rate would be at least 15 percent.
Key Points
Agreement was signed by finance ministers of United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Canada, France,
Italy and Japan. It opens way for levies on multinational companies in countries where they operate rather
than just where they are headquartered.
Why new system was proposed?
Old system of global taxation was being criticized over the years as it allowed big companies to save
billions of dollars in tax bills by shifting their jurisdictions. Major digital companies were making money in
multiple countries and paying taxes only in home country. Thus, this proposal was made which would
impose an additional tax on several multinational companies and technology giants like Facebook, Amazon
and Google to pay taxes to countries based on where their goods or services are sold irrespective of their
physical presence there. The deal seeks to modernize century-old international tax code.
Minimum Global Tax Rate
Under new tax system, countries where big firms operate would get ‘right to tax’ at least 20% of profits.
Concerns
Ireland with tax rate of 12.5 percent is opposing the deal arguing that it would be disruptive to its economic
model.
Impact on India
India is likely to benefit from global minimum 15 percent corporate tax rate deal because, effective
domestic tax rate is above this threshold and it would continue to attract investment.
Income Tax Department to launch its new e-filing portal
Income Tax Department is set to launch its new ITR e-filing portal, which can be accessed through website
called “www.incometax.gov.in’’.
ITR e-filing portal
ITR e-filing portal will be launched with aim of providing a modern, seamless and more convenient
experience to taxpayers. Portal has been integrated with immediate processing of Income Tax Returns and
quick refunds to taxpayers.
Features of the portal
Portal will act as one-stop centre and display all interactions or pending actions on a single
dashboard for follow-up action by taxpayer.
It will offer a free-of-cost Income Tax Return (ITR) preparation software with interactive questions to
help taxpayers.
It will also enable taxpayers to proactively update their profile to provide certain details of income to
be used in pre-filling their ITR.
It will enable pre-filling with salary income, interest, dividend and capital gains after TDS and SFT
statements.
To response to queries of taxpayers, portal includes a new call center and also provide detailed FAQs,

chatbot or live agent etc.

Portal comprises of options for filing Income Tax Forms, add tax professionals and submit responses
to notices in faceless scrutiny or appeals.
Dedicated Mobile App
IT department will also launch a mobile app subsequently after launching the portal which will enable
taxpayers to get familiar with several features.
Delhi's 'Jahan Vote, Wahan Vaccination' Campaign
Delhi government launched a vaccination campaign ‘Jahan Vote, Wahan Vaccination’ to vaccinate people of
Delhi against Covid-19. Under the campaign, people aged 45 and above will be given vaccine at the polling
booths.
Highlights
While launching the campaign, Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal highlighted, jabs will be provided to people
above 45 years at places where they had exercised vote during election. According to him, door-to-door
vaccination will also be done soon.
About the campaign
Under the campaign, booth-level officers will visit door to door to provide vaccination slots to people above
45 years.
How many people above 45 years are vaccinated?
57 lakh people are there in age group of 45 plus in Delhi out of which, 27 lakhs have been administered the
first dose of coronavirus vaccine. 30 lakhs are yet to administered. So, this decision was taken after
observing people in 45 plus age group are not coming to vaccination centres and vaccines are not being
utilised.
World Ocean Day 2021
World will observe the World Ocean Day on June 8, 2021 under the theme- ‘The Ocean: Life and Livelihoods’.
About World Ocean Day
The day is observed annually on June 8. The day provides governments across the world an opportunity to
inform people about impact of economic activities and human actions on ocean.
How this day is significant?
Oceans play a major role in everyday life of people and are considered as lungs of our planet. It is an
important part of biosphere as it provides us with water which is an integral element of our daily lives.
However, oceans are bearing the brunt of man-made destruction over the years. Industrial waste and
unwanted litter into ocean are degrading & destabilizing earth’s dynamics with its natural resources. It
might lead to an eventual and unfortunate end. Thus, it becomes important to save oceans and World Ocean
Day is committed towards it.
Background
World Ocean Day was first suggested in 1992 during Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro with the aim of
celebrate this vast water body, its benefits in our lives and to raise awareness to make it a part of
sustainable development. Following this, UN general assembly passed the resolution on December 5, 2008
to designate this day.
International Marine Organization
International Marine Organization was formed in 1973 to address issues of pollution from ships by oil,
noxious liquid substances which are carried in bulk, garbage, sewage, garbage and to check air pollution
from ships.
Solar-Powered Bitcoin Mining facility launched in U.S.
As per owner of Twitter, Jack Dorsey, his payments venture Square will partner with blockchain technology

firm Block-stream Mining in a bid to build an open-source, solar-powered bitcoin mining facility in United
Nations.
Aim of the move
Launch of solar-powered bitcoin mining facility aims to drive adoption and efficiency of renewables within
the bitcoin ecosystem. The partnership seeks to demonstrate how bitcoin mining along with renewable
energy can help in driving clean energy transition.
Highlights
This partnership comes after CEO of Tesla Elon Musk established a council along with American crypto
miners to promote a sustainable bitcoin mining. Both Dorsey & Musk have great interest in development of
cryptocurrency. They believe bitcoin will become world’s largest single currency of internet soon.
Funding for mining facility
$5 million will be invested by Square in solar-powered bitcoin mining facility.
What was the need?
Bitcoin mining is often criticised worldwide for its high energy-consumption property. As per an estimate, it
generates up to 22.9 million metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions per year which is equal to emission
levels produced by Sri Lanka and Jordan. Its mining makes use of coal which has worst emissions among
fossil fuels. This, development of solar powered mining facility was the need to reduce emission.
June 8, 2021
World Employment and Social Outlook 2021
According to World Employment and Social Outlook 2021, global unemployment is expected to be increased
to 205 million in 2022 as compared to 187 million in 2019.
Key findings
As per the report, jobs shortfall amid COVID-19 pandemic was 75 million in 2021 and it will increase
to 23 million in 2022.
Covid-19 has worsened inequalities because women workers are dropping out of labour force. Years
of progress to achieve gender equality is now at risk.
Informal and low-skilled workers have no option to work from home. They faced huge health risks to
keep their jobs.
108 million workers and their family members now live-in poverty.
Pandemic has hit African countries hard because of fall in trade disrupted supply chains, remittances
shrunk and halt in tourism. It will induce jobs gap of nearly 17 million Africa in 2020.
Covid-19 reversed the progress made in reducing poverty in Africa.
World Employment & Social Outlook
Report analyses impact of crisis on labour market across the globe.
It provides projections for recovery and details of unequal impact of crisis on different groups of
workers and enterprises.
It called for a broad-based human-centered recovery.
Why unemployment will increase?
As per report, Covid-19 has caused an unprecedented disruption to labour markets worldwide. It has
affected lives of younger generation caused disruption to their education. Regions where digital
infrastructure is less developed were highly affected. It is now difficult for them to enter labour market and
hold on to jobs. Thus, unemployment is going to increase.
Draft Rules for Live-Streaming of Court Proceedings
Supreme Courts’ e-committee released Draft Model Rules for Live-Streaming and Recording of Court
Proceedings.

Aim of this move

Draft Model rules were released with the aim of bringing greater transparency, inclusivity and access to
justice.
What are those rules?
Draft rules excludes- matrimonial matters & transfer petitions arising thereunder, cases concerning
sexual offences & proceedings under Section 376 (rape) of Indian Penal Code and cases concerning
gender-based violence against women- from live-streaming.
Final decision on Live-streaming of Proceedings will be taken by Bench and will be guided by principle
of open and transparent judicial process.
It provides a balanced regulatory framework for live streaming and recording of court proceedings.
Cameras will be installed in courtroom covering five angles- towards the Bench, towards advocates
engaged in concerned matter, towards accused and towards deponent or witness.
Rules employs an electronic evidence presentation system to capture an additional feed.
As per rules, Remote-control device to pause or stop live-streaming at any time will be provided to
presiding judge on bench.
To decongest court rooms, dedicated room will be allocated within the court premises to view live-
stream.
About e-committee
Committee comprised of judges from Bombay High Court (HC), Delhi HC, Madras HC, Karnataka HC to
frame draft live streaming rules. Committee invited inputs, feedback and suggestions on draft rules from all
stakeholders.
Which articles grants power to frame rules?
These rules were framed by High Court of Judicature in accordance with Article 225 and Article 227 of
Constitution.
World Bank approves program to boost MSME sector
World Bank has approved a USD 500 million program to boost MSME sector in India.
World Bank Programme
World Bank programme called “USD 500 million Raising and Accelerating Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprise (MSME) Performance (RAMP) Program” aims to improve performance of five lakh 50
thousand MSMEs.
It was announced because out of 58 million MSMEs, more than 40 per cent lack access to formal
sources of finance in India even though MSME sector is the backbone of Indian economy. It
contributes 30 percent in India’s GDP and 40 percent in exports.
Programme is second intervention by World Bank in MSME sector. First was Rs 750 million MSME
Emergency Response Program which was approved in July 2020.
RAMP program will provide better finance and working capital for MSMEs by strengthening receivable
financing markets.
It will also scale up online dispute resolution mechanisms and address the issue of delayed
payments.
MSME Emergency Response Program
Emergency Response programmes, signed between World Bank and Government of India, are dedicated to
enhance resilience of communities and livelihoods to address fragility, poverty and vulnerability pertaining
to conflict and disaster. Under this program, USD 750 million loan was granted from International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) with maturity of 19 years. This loan will boost government’s efforts
to channel liquidity towards MSME sector by de-risking lending from banks and Non-Banking Financial

Companies (NBFCs).
Russia formally exits from Open Skies pact
Russian President Vladimir Putin recently signed a law formalizing Russia’s withdrawal from Open Skies
Treaty, after United States withdrew from pact in 2020.
Key Points
Open Skies Treaty is an international treaty that allow nations to collect information on one another’s
military forces to increase transparency.
United States withdrew from pact in November 2020 after accusing Russia of violating it.
Open Skies Treaty
Treaty on Open Skies is a program of unarmed aerial surveillance flights over entire territory of participating
countries. It is designed to enhance mutual understanding and confidence as it provides the participants, a
direct role in gathering information about military forces. This pact entered into force in January 2002. It
has 34 participants currently. It also provides mutual accountability for countries to follow treaty promises.
It promotes openness and transparency of military forces. More than 1500 flights have taken place under
this agreement.
Why surveillance is needed?
Countries were allowed to openly conduct surveys on each other to prevent misunderstandings and limit
escalation of tensions if any.
Background
Concept of mutual aerial observation was first proposed at Geneva Conference in 1955 by U.S. President
Dwight D. Eisenhower. However, Soviets rejected this concept.
ISRO develops 3 Cost-Effective Ventilators
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has developed three
types of cost-effective ventilators and an oxygen concentrator.
Highlights
3 ventilators have been named as Prana, VaU and Svasta while oxygen cylinder has been named as
Shwaas.
All three are user-friendly and fully automated along with touch-screen specifications. It meets all
safety standards.
VSSC will transfer the Technology for commercial production of these three ventilators and one
oxygen concentrator.
Ventilators are likely to be priced around ₹1 lakh as compared to mini conventional ventilators which
are priced around ₹5 lakh.
About Prana, VaU, Svasta and Shwaas
Prana ventilator will deliver respiratory gas to patient by automated compression of Ambu bag
Svasta ventilator will work without electric power
VaU is a low-cost ventilator similar to commercial high-end ventilators in use.
Shwaas oxygen cylinder is capable of supplying 10 litres of enriched oxygen per minute and is
adequate for two patients at a time. It enhances oxygen gas content by selectively separating
nitrogen gas from ambient air through Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA). PSA is commonly used for
production of oxygen from the air.
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC)
VSSC is a major space research centre that focuses on rocket and space vehicles for satellite programmes
in India. It is located in Trivandrum (Kerala). It was renamed in honour of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai who is known
as father of Indian space program.

India elected to UN Economic and Social Council

India was elected to the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) for 2022-2024 term.
Key Points
India has been selected in Asia-Pacific States category. Other elected countries include Oman,
Afghanistan and Kazakhstan.
Elected African countries are- Cote d’Ivoire, Eswatini, Mauritius, Tunisia, and United Republic of
Tanzania.
Among eastern European states Croatia and Czech Republic were elected.
Belize, Peru and Chile are among elected Latin American and Caribbean states.
In by-election of Economic and Social Council, New Zealand & Denmark were elected for January to
December 2022 term while Israel was elected for January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2023.
What is ECOSOC?
ECOSOC is a 54-member Economic and Social Council, established in 1954 by a United Nations charter.
Being the heart of United Nations system, it helps in advancing economic, social and environmental
dimensions of sustainable development. It is the central platform to foster debate & innovating thinking. It
shapes ways forward and coordinating efforts in a bid to achieve globally agreed goals. It organises follow-
up, major UN conferences and summits. Promotion of high standards of living, full employment, economic &
social progress, identifying solutions for global economic, social & health problems etc are important
functions of ECOSOC.
Weyan: 1st Village to Vaccinate 100% Adult Population
Weyan, a remote village in Bandipora district of Jammu & Kashmir became India’s first village to vaccinate
all its adult population against COVID-19.
Highlights
This successful vaccination drive in village was the result of healthcare workers.
Village, located 28 kilometres away from Bandipora district, has an adult population of 362.
In village, distance of 18 kilometres is required to cover by foot as there is no motorable road.
Village was covered under ‘J & K model’, which is a 10-point strategy to vaccinate entire population.
Under the model, first strategy is booth-level management which involves preparation of eligible
population list. It is followed by “Vaccine on Wheels” under which health officials reaches out to
people in far-flung areas to vaccinate them.
What were the challenges?
Vaccination in the remote village was difficult and challenging as village comprises of nomadic families
who go to higher reaches to graze their livestock. There is no internet access in village. Thus, it was not
possible for them to get appointments on cowin portal to get vaccination.
Vaccine Hesitancy
Initially, there were vaccine hesitancy. Despite that, J&K has achieved 70 percent vaccination in 45+ age
group which is almost double of nation’s average.
WHO warns against Overpriced Vaccines
World Health Organization (WHO) has warned the countries against overpriced covid-19 vaccines
substandard covid products.
Highlights
WHO warned after concern over danger of buying overpriced vaccines from intermediaries.
WHO reminded countries that, countries should buy vaccines certified by WHO and make sure to
identify origin of vaccines and covid product.

What was the issue?

Intermediates were selling one vaccine at a much higher price than actually sold by manufacturers. This
issue of role of intermediates for buying vaccines was raised after a middleman in United Arab Emirates
was caught selling Sputnik vaccines to Ghana and Pakistan at a double price. Several substandard and
falsified covid products are being commercialised with vested interests.
What WHO has advised?
WHO has advised countries to either buy directly from manufacturer or to contact manufacturer in order to
ensure if intermediate is legal.
WHO certified covid vaccines
WHO has approved eight COVID-19 vaccines so far for emergency use including- Oxford–AstraZeneca,
Moderna, Sinovac, Pfizer-BioNTech, Sinopharm-BBIBP, and Johnson & Johnson etc.
Fact for exam
Mariangela Batista Galvao Simao is Assistant Director-General for Access to Medicines and Health
Products at WHO.
Maldives' Foreign Minister elected as UNGA President
Foreign Minister of Maldives, Abdulla Shahid, was elected as new President of UN General Assembly
(UNGA).
Key Points
Abdulla Shahid won against Afghanistan’s former foreign minister Zalmai Rassoul with three-fourth
majority. He fetched 143 votes while Rassoul got 48 votes out of 191 votes polled. Maldives will occupy
office of President of UNGA for the first time.
Election to UNGA President
Election to UNGA presidential post is held annually. It is rotated amongst various regional groupings. 76th
UNGA session for 2021-22 was the turn of Asia-Pacific group.
Whom did India support?
Both Afghanistan and Maldives are having excellent relation with India. Even though, Afghanistan was first
to announce participation, Maldives was first to declare its candidate’s name in December 2018.
Afghanistan announced name of Zalmai Rassoul in January 2021. Thus, India had already extended its
support to Maldives. India had announced its support for Abdulla during visit of Foreign Secretary Harsh
Shringla to Maldives in November 2020.
United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)
UNGA is one among six principal organs of United Nations (UN). It serves as main deliberative, policy-
making, and representative organ of UN. Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter empowers the organ and
prescribes its composition, functions & procedures. UNGA is responsible for UN budget, and appointing
non-permanent members to Security Council. It is the only UN organ where all member states have equal
representation.
MIT generates Electricity from Carbon Nanotubes
MIT engineers have discovered a new way of generating electricity using carbon nanotubes. A new material
made up of carbon nanotubes have potential to generate electricity by collecting energy from its
environment.
How electricity is generated?
These micro carbon particles can create current by interacting with liquid around them.
Liquid, an organic solvent, attracts electrons out of the nanoparticles, which generates current.
This current can be used to drive chemical reactions or to power micro or nanoscale robots.
This electric current can also be used to drive a reaction known as alcohol oxidation.

Properties of discovery
This discovery grew out of research on carbon nanotubes. Carbon nanotubes are hollow tubes made of
lattice of carbon atoms. These tubes have unique electrical properties. Potential of carbon nanotubes to
generate thermopower waves was demonstrated way back in 2010. When Carbon nanotube is coated with
layer of fuel, moving pulses of heat or thermopower waves travelling along tube generates electrical
current.
Feature of carbon nanotubes
When part of carbon nanotube is coated with Teflon-like polymer, it creates an asymmetry. This makes it
possible for electrons to flow from coated to uncoated part of tube, which generates an electrical current.
Power of particles
Current version of particles can generate about 0.7 volts of electricity per particle.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)
CNTs are tubes made of carbon having diameter in nanometres. They are referred as single-wall carbon
nanotubes and are one of the allotropes of carbon. They are intermediate between two allotropes of carbon-
fullerene cages and flat graphene.
First CAR-T Cell Therapy Conducted
Clinical trials of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy was conducted globally. Therapy has
emerged as a breakthrough in cancer treatment. It has shown promising results on end stage patients,
especially in patients of Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia.
Highlights
CAR-T technology has a remarkable therapeutic potential for cancer patients.
This technology is not available in India, currently.
Background
BIRAC and DBT have initiated and launched specialised calls and invitation to promote and support
development of CAR-T cell technology against cancer and other diseases.
What are the challenges?
CAR-T cell therapy costs rupees 3-4 crore for each patient. Thus, biggest challenge is there to develop this
technology in cost-effective manner and make it available patients. Manufacturing of this technology is
complex which increases the cost.
First CAR-T cell Therapy
First CAR-T cell Therapy was done by IIT Bombay and cancer care in India at Bone Marrow Transplant unit
of Tata Memorial Centre in Mumbai. CAR-T cells were designed and manufactured at Bioscience and
Bioengineering (BSBE) department, IIT Bombay. This was also supported by BIRAC-PACE scheme. Now, this
therapy will undergo Phase I and II trial of their CAR-T product through National Biopharma Mission.
CRISIL cuts India's GDP forecast to 9.5% from 11%
Ratings agency, CRISIL, has cut India’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth forecast from 11 percent to
9.5 percent for fiscal year 2021-2022.
Highlights
Downward forecast reflects that second covid-19 has hit two engines of growth private consumption
and investment.
It has thrown Indian economy to most severe contraction since Independence.
Pinpricked Growth report
As per “Pinpricked growth report” by CRISIL, rash of afflictions forced states to lock down which hurt
consumer & business confidence again in 2021.
Report mentioned about third wave & tardy vaccinations and highlighted that; states would be careful

of fully unlocking anytime soon. This in turn affect the economy.

According to it, Covid-19 restrictions will continue and mobility will be affected in some form or other
till August 2021.
Report highlighted the significance of vaccination in economic recovery. Economic recovery will be a
function of pace of vaccination in coming months.
Other Reports on Growth
Medical scientists projected; India could be hit by third Covid-19 wave which have significant downside risk
to the growth. It forecasted GDP growth to be around 8 per cent. Similarly, Reserve Bank of India has
downgraded GDP projection from 10.5 per cent to 9.5 per cent in 2021-22.
Special e-content for the Divyang released
Union education minister, Ramesh Pokhriyal ‘Nishank’, approved guidelines to develop e-content for children
with disabilities with the objectives of promoting inclusive education.
PM eVidya programme
PM e-Vidya programme was launched by finance minister Nirmala Sitharaman on May 17, 2020 as a
COVID-19 relief measures. Under the programme, expert committee has made detailed recommendations
on creating accessible special e-content for Divyang, or children with disabilities.
What are those recommendations?
Committee presented the report called ‘Guidelines for the Development of e-Content for Children with
Disabilities’. It has eleven sections and two appendices on creating e-content for visually and hearing-
impaired students.
Report laid special emphasis on extensive use of radio, community radio and podcasts. It also
recommends to upload QR-coded digital textbooks.
Content must comply with “international accessibility standards” and recommends “reasonable
pedagogical accommodations” in case of special disabilities.
Content should be provided in multiple formats viz., text, video, audio, sign language with turn-on and
turn-off features.
e-learning platforms like DIKSHA and e-pathshala must comply with technical standards.
Content must be provided with descriptive hyperlinks to access additional information on internet.
e-modules for training
Committee also recommends to create e-modules to train the content developers and curators to create
and curate accessible content. This will enhance acceptability compliance. It will be mandatory for all
content developers and curators to go through training modules.
June 9, 2021
Surakshit Hum Surakshit Tum Abhiyaan
NITI Aayog and Piramal Foundation launched ‘Surakshit Hum Surakshit Tum Abhiyaan’ to provide home-care
support to asymptomatic covid-19 patients or patients with mild symptoms.
Surakshit Hum Surakshit Tum Abhiyan
This campaign was launched in 112 Aspirational Districts to assist district administrations in
providing home-care support to COVID-19 patients.
It will provide covid home-care support to 20 lakh citizens.
It is a part of special initiative in which civil societies, local leaders and volunteers will work with
district administrations to address emerging problems across key focus areas of Aspirational
Districts Programme.
It will be led by district magistrates in partnership with over one thousand local NGOs. NGOs will
enlist & train about one lakh volunteers to connect with patients through inbound and outbound calls.

Campaign will also be supported by Piramal Foundation. It will work with district magistrates to
support training of NGOs and volunteers.
NGOs will mobilize local volunteers to provide home-care support to affected people and Volunteers
will be trained to support 20 affected families by educating caretakers to follow COVID protocols,
provide psychosocial support etc.
Significance of campaign
This is a significant initiative which will provide long-term support to India’s poorest communities in
Aspirational Districts by addressing impact of COVID-19. It will play a key role in district preparedness to
manage nearly 70 percent of COVID cases at home. Thus, it will reduce pressure on health system. It will
also carry capacity building of citizens for correct usage of Oxygen concentrators supplied to these
districts.
Russia’s first full Stealth Naval Ship
Russia is building its first naval ship which will be fully equipped with stealth technology. Stealth technology
will to make it hard to detect.
Key points
Hull of the Mercury naval corvette dubbed project 20386 is ready and vessel is expected to be
delivered to navy in 2022.
This warship will be armed with cruise missiles, artillery and anti-aircraft missiles. It will also be
capable of searching for and destroying submarines.
Russia has already incorporated stealth technology including a radar-absorbing coating into some
navy vessels. However, those ships did not have full stealth technology.
Mercury vessel will comprise of a radar-absorbing coating and a special shape. This will minimise
protrusions and crevices on its surface.
Vessel will use composite materials and special paint.
Background
In recent years, Russia has invested heavily in its navy. This warship is also a part of push by President
Vladimir Putin to revamp military which is already complicated due Western sanctions. Russia’s political
ties with West are at worst since 1991 after breakup of Soviet Union.
Stealth Technology
This sub-discipline of military tactics is also called as low observable technology. It covers a range of
methods used to make personnel, ships, aircraft, missiles, submarines, satellites, ground vehicles, infrared,
sonar etc. Modern stealth technologies were started being developed in 1958 in United States.
Assam to provide Bharat Ratna and Padma like Awards
On the line of Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards, Assam cabinet has decided to institute Asom Ratna Award.
About newly announced awards
Asom Ratna Award award will be presented every year to one person for his significant contribution
to society.
Cabinet also decided to constitute Asom Bibhushan, Assam Bhushan Award and Asom Shree award
which will be conferred every year to three people, five people and ten people, respectively.
Awards will be accompanied by a cash reward.
Rs 5 lakhs for Asom Ratna Award,
Rs 3 lakhs for Asom Bibhushan Award,
Rs 2 lakhs for Assam Bhushan Award and
Rs 1 lakh for Asom Shree Award.
Awardee would be provided with other benefits also such as free medical treatment of critical illness,

free travel on ASTC buses, free stay at Assam Bhawans.

Other Decisions taken by government
Literary Pension will be conferred in the name of litterateur Dr Homen Borgohain on his birthday
(December 7).
Sports Pension will be given in the name of Arjun Bhogeswar Barua on his birthday (September 3)
while
Artiste Award will be given on January 17 every year.
Awards will be announced seven days prior to presentation ceremony.
Sunil Chhetri passes Lionel Messi in international goals
36 years old Indian football, Sunil Chhetri, has surpassed Argentina’s Lionel Messi and has become second-
highest active international goal-scorer with 74 strikes.
Highlights
Chhetri now leads Barcelona star Messi by two goals and is placed above Ali Mabkhout of UAE, who is at
third place with 73 strikes. He achieved this feat against Bangladesh in joint preliminary qualifying round
match for 2022 FIFA World Cup and 2023 AFC Asian Cup.
Sunil Chhetri
Indian professional footballer plays as striker or winger and is captain of both Indian Super League side
Bengaluru FC and Indian national football team. He is popularly known as Captain Fantastic. Following
Cristiano Ronaldo, Chhetri is the second-highest international goal scorer among active players while 10th
highest of all time.
Background
His professional career started at Mohun Bagan in 2002. He signed for Major League Soccer in 2010 and
become third player from subcontinent of note to go abroad. He helped India to win Nehru cup in 2007,
2009, 2012 and 2011 SAFF Championship. He has been conferred with AIFF Player of the Year for a record
six times in 2007, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2017 as well as in 2018–19.
Indian Navy to receive MH-60 Romeo helicopters from US
Indian Navy is set to receive three of 24 MH-60 Romeo multirole helicopters from United States (US) in July
2021.
Background
India and US had signed a deal worth $2.4 billion in February 2020 to procure 24 MH-60 Romeo helicopters
from Lockheed Martin.
Highlights
First batch of Indian pilots has reached US for training on helicopters. Pilots would undergo training first in
Pensacola in Florida and then in San Diego in California.
About MH-60 Romeo
MH-60 Romeo helicopters have been designed to operate from aircraft carriers, cruisers, frigates and
destroyers. It would be equipped with multi-mode radars and night vision devices. They would be armed
with Hellfire missiles, precision-guided weaponry and torpedoes. These helicopters are built to target ships,
submarines and conduct search & rescue operations at sea. It will replace Sea Kings.
ALH MK- III
Apart from Romeo, Indian Navy also inducted three indigenously-built advanced light helicopters called ALH
MK-III. These helicopters will be used to ensure coastal security and maritime reconnaissance. Helicopters
were made by Centre-run Hindustan Aeronautics Limited and are equipped with electro-optical equipment &
modern surveillance radar. Thus, they offer long range search and rescue. They are also armed with a heavy
machine gun.

Anup Chandra Pandey appointed as Election Commissioner

Union government has appointed Anup Chandra Pandey, as Election Commissioner. He is a retired IAS
officer if 1984 batch from Uttar Pradesh cadre. He will serve the office for around three years and will retire
in February 2024.
Highlights
He has been appointed to position after retirement of former Chief Election Commissioner (CEC)
Sunil Arora.
Thus, Election Commission now restores to its full strength of three members. Other members of the
panel are CEC Sushil Chandra and Election Commissioner Rajiv Kumar.
It will now which will now oversee upcoming crucial assembly elections in Uttar Pradesh, Goa, Punjab,
Manipur and Uttarakhand in 2022.
Background
He retired from civil services in August 2019. He had served as Chief Secretary of Uttar Pradesh under Chief
Minister Yogi Adityanath. He also worked as the Infrastructure and Industrial Development Commissioner of
UP.
About Election Commission (ECI)
ECI is an autonomous constitutional authority that administers Union & State election processes in India. It
was established on January 25, 1950 in accordance with constitution under article 324. It also administers
elections to Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, President and Vice President. It is not
concerned with elections to panchayats and municipalities. A separate State Election Commission is there
to administer Panchayat & Municipality election.
About CEC
CEC and Election Commissioner are appointed by President for a fixed tenure of six years or till 65 years of
age. They have same status, salary and perks as is available to Judges of Supreme Court of India.
Economist's annual survey of World's Most Liveable Cities
According to annual survey of World’s most liveable cities 2021, Covid-19 pandemic has shaken up rankings
of liveable cities.
Key Findings of report
Auckland is the most liveable city in 2021 because of its successful approach in containing
pandemic.
which is followed by Osaka & Tokyo in Japan, Adelaide in Australia and Wellington in New Zealand.
All these countries had swift response to pandemic.
According to the report, metropolises in Australia, Japan and New Zealand leaping ahead of
metropolises in Europe.
Life remains most difficult in Damascus because of Syria’s ongoing civil war.
Most notable rise was by Honolulu, Hawaii in United States. It came to 14th position by moved up 46
places. Ranking improved because of its containment measures and fast vaccination programme.
European cities fared poorly
Vienna, which was world’s most liveable city during 2018-20, fell to 12th place. Eight of the top ten biggest
falls in rankings goes to European cities. Port city of Hamburg in northern Germany fell by 34 places to 47th
position in the list. European cities performed poorly because of increasing stress on hospital resources
which resulted in a “deteriorated healthcare score”. Pressure on European health systems also affected
culture and overall livability because of restrictions on movement.
World Bank's Global Economic Prospects Update
According to the Global Economic Prospects Update released by World Bank, global economy is expected to

expand 5.6 per cent in 2021. This would be the fastest post-recession pace in 80 years because of strong
rebounds from a few major economies.
Key Findings of prospects
As per latest edition, many emerging markets & developing economies are struggling with COVID-19
pandemic and its aftermath.
There are signs of global recovery but covid-19 pandemic continues to inflict poverty and inequality
among people in developing countries.
Per capita income losses will not be unwound by 2022 for two-thirds of emerging market and
developing economies.
Among low-income economies, effects of pandemic have reversed poverty reduction gains and
aggravated insecurity.
US growth is projected to 6.8 percent in 2021 because of large-scale fiscal support and easing of
pandemic restrictions.
Growth in other developed economies is also gaining pace but with a lesser extent.
China will rebound to 8.5 percent because of release of pent-up demand.
Emerging market and developing economies will expand to 6 per cent in 2021 as a result of higher
demand and elevated commodity prices.
Recovery in many countries is delayed because of resurgence of COVID-19 cases and lagging
vaccination progress.
Rebound in group of developing countries, other than China, is expected to be 4.4 percent.
What does report recommends?
Report highlights, globally coordinated efforts are need of the hour to accelerate vaccine distribution and
debt relief specially among low-income countries. After health crisis eases, policymakers should address
pandemic’s lasting effects and take steps to bring in green, resilient and inclusive growth.
QS World University Rankings 2022
In QS World University Rankings 2020, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati was ranked at 41st in
‘Research Citations per Faculty’ category.
Key Points
IIT Guwahati has also obtained global 395th rank in World University Ranking.
Its ranking has improved from 470 in QS World University Ranking 2021 to 395th to this edition as a
result of strong improvement in ‘Citations per Faculty’ category.
In this category, IIT Guwahati improved its score from 77.9 in 2021 to 94.8 in 2022.
IIT Guwahati was ranked in 12 different subject categories with a break into 51-100 range in
Petroleum Engineering.
QS World University Rankings 2022
This ranking was announced on June 8 on the basis of six factors-
1. Academic Reputation,
2. Employers Reputation,
3. Faculty Student ratio,
4. Citation per Faculty,
5. International Faculty and
6. International Students.
QS World University Rankings
This annual university ranking is published by Quacquarelli Symonds (QS). Earlier it was known as Times
Higher Education–QS World University Rankings. From 2004 to 2009, QS collaborated with Times Higher

Education (THE) magazine to publish its international league. Later, both came with different methods to
create ranking.
Vaccine Prices capped for Private Hospitals
Union Health Ministry has capped the price for administration of Covid-19 vaccines in private hospitals.
Key Points
Maximum price for Covaxin was fixed at Rs 1,400.
Covishield will cost Rs 780 per dose, while
Sputnik V vaccine will cost Rs 1,145 per dose.
Strict action will be taken against private vaccination centres for overcharging.
Apart from that, government will provide free vaccines to states to inoculate all person above age 18
from June 21.
Vaccination Procurement
Centre government announced about purchase of 25 crores doses of Covishield and 19 crore doses of
Covaxin. These 44 crore doses of Covid-19 vaccines will be delivered between August and December 2021.
30 per cent advance to Serum Institute of India and Bharat Biotech has been released to procure these
doses. Further, Government also placed an order to purchase 30 crore doses of Biological E’s vaccine called
Corbevax. It will be available by September.
Corbevax Vaccine
This vaccine, being developed by Biological-E, is a recombinant protein subunit vaccine. It is made up of a
specific part of novel coronavirus called spike protein. Corbevax is similar to hepatitis vaccine. Thus, both
the doses of Corbevax are tried & tested, unlike mRNA vaccines created by Pfizer and Moderna which were
rolled out against any pathogen. Corbevax will insert this spike protein from virus into human body to
achieve an immune response. Presence of spike protein in human body will not be harmful because rest of
the virus is absent.
CESL-Ladakh sign pact to make Ladakh Carbon-neutral
State-owned Convergence Energy Services Ltd (CESL) has inked a pact with Ladakh administration to make
Union Territory of Ladakh carbon-neutral.
About MoU
CESL which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Energy Efficiency Services Ltd (EESL) signed
memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Administration of Ladakh to make it clean and green.
Under it, several clean energy and energy-efficiency programmes will be implemented.
What are those projects?
CESL will take up projects like solar mini- and micro-grid solutions, energy storage-based solutions, energy-
efficient lighting, efficient cooking stoves and electric mobility solutions. It will develop clean solutions for
home appliances, electric heating, pump sets and cooking sets for very cold temperatures in Ladakh. It will
also focus on EV ecosystem like EC charging infrastructure utilising renewable sources of power.
How these projects are significant?
Energy Access for Ladakh is foremost. UT needs sustainable solutions like decentralised energy-efficient
solutions which can be easily implemented in the difficult terrains of Ladakh. Projects will eliminate fossil
fuel to make Ladakh’s carbon-neutral. If the solar capacity is harnessed, it will trigger business and jobs in
the region.
Two species of Monals sighted together in Arunachal Pradesh
Two species of monals were sighted together by local wildlife enthusiasts in upper Siang district of central
Arunachal Pradesh. Monals is a colour pheasant.

Highlights
One discovered species is While Himalayan monal also called as Lophophorus impejanus. It is widely
distributed from Afghanistan to northeast India
While, other is Sclater’s monal which is also called as Lophophorus sclateri. It is found in southern
China and northern Myanmar. It is listed as vulnerable by IUCN (International Union of Conservation
of Nature). It was sighted near Komji Lipik at 2,850 metres.
Birds were sighted on Mount Eko Dumbing at 4,173 metres above mean sea level.
Monal bird
Monal bird belongs to genus Lophophorus of pheasant family called Phasianidae. Male birds have colourful,
iridescent plumage with plump physique. They prefer like roots, bulbs and insects as diet. Males are
polygamous during mating. They mate with several females. Females only mate with selected male and
enter into monogamous relationship. They are listed as vulnerable due to habitat destruction and hunting.
Siang District
It is 21st district of Arunachal Pradesh which was created by bifurcating West Siang and East Siang
districts. It was inaugurated on November 27, 2015 by Chief Minister Nabam Tuki. It derives the name from
river Siang which flows through this district. Siang is believed to be originated from Angsi glacier on
northern side of Himalayas. District is predominantly inhabited by Adi tribe of Arunachal Pradesh.
Government approves construction of 3.61 lakh houses under PMAY-U
th
During 54 meeting of Central Sanctioning and Monitoring Committee (CSMS), central government has
approval 708 proposals for construction of 3.61 lakh houses under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana- Urban
(PMAY-U).
Highlights
Meeting was attended by 13 States and UTs. All these houses will be constructed on line of ‘Beneficiary led
Construction’ and ‘Affordable Housing in Partnership Verticals’. Total investment under this mission is Rs.
7.35 lakh crores out of which centre is assisting Rs. 1.81 lakh crores. So far, 96067 crores of funds have
been released.
How many houses have been constructed so far?
Total number of sanctioned houses under Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban is 112.4 lakh.
5 lakh houses have been grounded for construction and
31 lakh have been completed or delivered so far.
Lighthouse Projects
During the meeting, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs laid emphasis on 6 Light House Projects (LHPs).
Foundation stones for these lighthouses were laid by PM Narendra Modi in January 2021. These are being
constructed at Indore, Lucknow, Rajkot, Ranchi, Agartala and Chennai.
PMAY-U Awards 2021
‘PMAY-U Awards 2021- 100 Days Challenge’ was launched to recognize and celebrate outstanding
performance & contribution by Urban Local Bodies (ULBs), States and UTs for successfully implementing
the mission.
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban
Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs is implanting this mission which was launched in June 2015 to
address the problem of shortage of urban housing, It seeks to provide pucca houses to all eligible urban
households by 2022.
El Salvador: First country to formally adopt bitcoin as legal tender
El Salvador has become the first country to formally adopt bitcoin as legal tender. Proposal to legalise
cryptocurrency was put forward by President Nayib Bukele which was later approved by Congress.

Highlights
Even though there were concern regarding potential impact of legalising cryptocurrency on El
Salvador’s program of $1 billion with International Monetary Fund, proposal was passed with majority
of 62 out of 84 possible votes.
Bitcoin was approved considering its potential to help Salvadorans living abroad to send remittances
back home. U.S. dollar will also continue as legal tender in country.
It will bring financial inclusion, investment, innovation, tourism and economic development in El
Salvador.
Bitcoin Remittances in El Salvador
According to World Bank data, remittances from bitcoin to the country accounts for $6 billion in 2019. It is
around a fifth of GDP & a highest ratio across the world.
Cryptocurrency
A digital asset which works as a medium of exchange wherein individual coin ownership records are stored
in the form of a computerized database. A strong cryptography is used to secure transaction records, to
control creation of additional coins and to verify transfer of ownership of coin. It does not exist in physical
form and not issued by central authority. It is however considered as centralized, when it is minted or issued
by a single issuer. Bitcoin is the first decentralized cryptocurrency which was released in 2009.
Bitcoin
It is decentralized digital currency which lacks central bank or single administrator. It is sent from user to
user on peer-to-peer bitcoin network. It does not need any intermediaries.
June 10, 2021
Centre announces hike in MSP for Kharif Crops
Union Cabinet approved an increase in Minimum Support Price (MSP) of Kharif crops for 2021-22, to
increase farmers’ income.
Key Points
Centre has increased MSP for paddy by Rs It now stands at to Rs 1,940 per quintal for 2021-22 crop.
Highest absolute increase in MSP over previous year has been recommended for sesamum, followed
by tur and urad.
MSP on groundnut and niger seed was increased by Rs 275 per quintal and Rs 235 per quintal,
respectively.
Differential remuneration was fixed with the aim of encouraging crop diversification.
Background
MSP was increased for Kharif crops in line with Union Budget 2018-19 announcement of fixing MSPs at
least 1.5 times of All-India weighted average Cost of Production (CoP).
Minimum Support Price (MSP)
MSP is the rate at which government buys grains from farmers. It is a price that government agencies pay
while procuring particular crop. MSP is recommended by Commission for Agricultural Costs & Prices
(CACP) for 22 mandated crops and fair & remunerative price (FRP) for sugarcane. 14 crops of kharif
season, 6 crops of rabi season and 2 other commercial crops are mandated crops.
MSP crops
Crops on which MSP & FRP are recommended includes-
1. Cereals- Paddy, wheat, jowar, bajra, barley, maize and ragi.
2. Pulses- Gram, arhar or tur, urad, moong and lentil.
3. Oilseeds- Groundnut, mustard, soyabean, toria, sunflower seed, safflower seeds, sesamum, and niger
seed,

4. Raw cotton, Copra, Raw jute, De-husked coconut, and

5. Sugarcane
India - Thailand CORPAT Exercise begins
India and Thailand started 31st edition of Coordinated Patrols or CORPAT, with the aim of reinforcing
maritime links between two countries and to keep Indian Ocean safe and secure for international trade.
CORPAT Exercise
This is the first biannual exercise in which Saryu, an indigenously built Naval Offshore Patrol Vessel called
Saryu from Indian Navy and His Majesty’s Thailand Ship (HTMS) Krabi along with Dornier Maritime Patrol
Aircraft from both navies are participating.
Significance of CORPAT
CORPAT biannual exercise builds up understanding and interoperability between both the navies. It
facilitates institution of measures to prevent & suppress unlawful activities such as Illegal Unreported
Unregulated (IUU) fishing, maritime terrorism, drug trafficking, armed robbery and piracy. It also helps in
enhancing operational synergy by exchanging information to prevent smuggling, illegal immigration and to
conduct SAR operations at sea.
SAGAR Vision
Under SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) vision the Indian Navy has been proactively
engaging through bilateral & multilateral exercises, joint exclusive economic zone surveillance &
humanitarian assistance & disaster relief (HADR) operations and economic zone surveillance with countries
in Indian Ocean Region to enhance regional maritime security.
India Thailand relation
Both the countries share friendly ties as both are members of Bay of Bengal grouping of seven countries
which brings South Asian, Thailand and Myanmar from South East Asia under single platform.
Cabinet allocates 5 MHz spectrum for Indian Railways
Union Cabinet allocated 5 MHz spectrum in 700 MHz band for Indian Railways. It will help in boosting hi-
speed radio communication.
Highlights
₹25,000 crore will be spent in next 5 years to modernize signals and implement 5G spectrum in
Railways.
Collision avoidance system which has been developed by 4 Indian companies under Make in India
initiative and real-time communication will make rail travel safer & faster.
TCAS (Train Collision Avoidance System) and ATP (Automatic Train Protection) System were also
given approval.
Railways has envisaged to provide LTE (Long Term Evolution) based Mobile Train Radio
Communication on its route by replacing optical fibre is which is used currently.
With the availability of spectrum, railway can establish radio communication.
Long Term Evolution (LTE) in Railways
LTE in Indian Railways will be used to provide secure & reliable voice, video & data communication services
for operational, safety & security applications. It will be used for modern signalling & train protection
systems. LTE can ensure seamless communication between loco pilots & guards and can enable Internet of
Things (IoT) based remote asset monitoring of coaches, wagons & locos. It can also enable live video feed
of CCTV cameras in train coaches to ensure safer, efficient and faster train operations.
Spectrum Charges
Spectrum charges may be levied on the basis of formula as prescribed by Department of
Telecommunications for Royalty Charges and License Fee for Captive use on recommendations of Telecom

Regulatory Authority of India.

Confederation of Hospitality, Technology and Tourism Industry (CHATT)
Airbnb, EaseMyTrip, OYO and Yatra have established a new industry association called “Confederation of
Hospitality, Technology & Tourism Industry (CHATT)”. CHATT will help small companies and travel &
hospitality technology players.
CHATT association
It will promote domestic tourism and help in digital transformation of domestic tourism.
It will act as a thought leader to run training programmes.
Every member will have the access to CHATT resources and benefits.
It provides for participation in year-round programmes, access to travel-tech ecosystem, signature
business events, inclusion of experts & regional leads among others.
Members of association
CHATT association comprises of members like-
Amanpreet Bajaj who is General Manager of Airbnb – India, Southeast Asia, Taiwan and Hong Kong
Nishant Pitti who is Co- Founder & CEO of EaseMyTrip.com;
Rohit Kapoor who is CEO of OYO India & Southeast Asia and
Dhruv Shringi who is Co-Founder and CEO of Yatra.com.
Airbnb Inc.
It is an American company which operates an online marketplace for lodging, homestays for vacation
rentals and tourism activities. It is based in San Francisco, California. Platform can be accessed via website
and mobile app. Company does not own any of listed properties and earn profits by receiving commission
from each booking. It was founded in 2008 by Joe Gebbia, Brian Chesky and Nathan Blecharczyk.
U.S. passes bill to address China Tech Threat
The U.S. Senate voted 68-32 to approve a “sweeping package of legislation” in a bid to boost USA’s ability
to compete with Chinese technology. China, while responding to vote, objected to being cast as an
imaginary U.S. enemy
Key Points
This measure approved about $190 billion for provisions of strengthening technology and research in United
States. $54 billion was approved to increase US production & research into semiconductors &
telecommunications equipment. $2 billion were dedicated to chips used by automakers.
How China responded?
Chinese parliament while expressing “strong indignation and resolute opposition” to legislation describe the
bill as “paranoid delusion of wanting to be the only winner”. China said, bill has distorted original spirit of
innovation and competition.
Provisions of the bill
Bill comprises of a number of China-related provisions.
Prohibits social media app TikTok from being downloaded on government devices.
Block purchase of drones manufactured and sold by companies backed by Chinese government.
Allows diplomats & Taiwanese military to display their flag and wear their uniforms while in United
States on official businesses.
Creates broad new sanctions on Chinese entities engaged in U.S. cyberattacks or theft of U.S.
intellectual property from U.S. firms.
Provides for review of export controls on items which could be support human rights abuses.
UDID card for Co-WIN registration
Central government has asked states and union territories to include UDID (Unique Disability Identification)

card as identity proof while registering on Co-WIN 2.0 platform. It will ensure a smooth and effective
Covid-19 vaccination drive.
Why UDID was allowed?
UDID was allowed with the aim of helping disabled persons to access Covid-19 vaccination. Earlier, as per
guidelines for Co-WIN 2.0, seven prescribed Photo IDs were specified and prescribed for verification of
beneficiaries for vaccination. Further, this card is issued to persons with disability by Department of
Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities under Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment comprises of
features like name, year of birth, gender and photograph. This, it meets the criteria for use of identification
in Covid-19 vaccination.
Unique Disability Identification (UDID)
UDID project was implemented to create a National Database for persons with disabilities (PwDs). It issues
a Unique Disability Identity Card to each PwDs. It encourages transparency, efficiency and ease of
delivering government benefits to PwDs. It also ensures uniformity and stream-line tracking of physical &
financial progress of beneficiaries across village level, block level, District level, State level and National
level of implementation.
WTO to start Covid-19 Vaccine Supply Negotiations
World Trade Organization (WTO) is set to start formal Covid-19 Vaccine Supply negotiations in a bid to
boost COVID-19 vaccine supply in developing countries.
Key points
However, the proposal face rival as one is with waiver of intellectual property rights while the other is
without a waiver of intellectual property rights.
South Africa, India and other emerging nations have been pushing for a temporary waiver of IP rights
on vaccines and other treatments. If proposal is accepted, it could allow local manufacturers to
produce vaccine doses and reduce inequity of vaccine supply.
However, developed nations are arguing that waiver would not boost production and only undermine
future research & development on vaccines & therapeutics.
US also shifted its decision to support the waiver, heaping a pressure on opponents.
European Union along with Britain, Switzerland and South Korea argued that, IP waiver would more
effectively broaden supply. EU is of the view that, EU already allow countries to grant licences to
manufacturers without patent-holder’s consent.
WTO discussion
WTO members will start discussions on June 17 which will determine format of negotiations and produce a
report on progress of vaccine supply plan by July 21-22.
Waiver Proposal
Waiver proposal from emerging nations also comprises of diagnostics, therapeutics and medical devices.
Proposal might also set a time span of “at least three years” and allow a single WTO member to prolong it
indefinitely.
ILO- UNICEF Report on Child Labour
International Labour Organisation (ILO) and UNICEF jointly published report on child labour. As per report,
world has marked rise in child labour in two decades.
Report highlights, coronavirus crisis might push millions more youngsters toward child labour.
As of 2020, number of child labour stands at 160 million. It has increased by 8.4 million in four years.
Number started increasing before covid-19 pandemic hit, marking dramatic reversal of downward
trend where numbers decreased by 94 million in between 2000 and 2016.

Amid the covid-19 pandemic, 1 in 10 children globally were engaged in child labour.
Sub-Saharan Africa is the worst affected country.
Boys are more likely to be affected. They will account for 97 million out of 160 million children
engaging into child labour at start of 2020.
Number of children, between ages 5 and 17 doing hazardous work, has increased. About 79 million
children were considered to be engaged in hazardous work. This could affect child’s development,
education or health.
What is the concern?
ILO and UNICEF have warned if urgent action is not taken to ballooning numbers of families going into
poverty, about 50 million more kids could be forced into child labour in next two years.
What is 'Miraculous' mosquito hack?
Recently, in Yogyakarta city of Indonesia, dengue fever cases have been cut by 77% through a trial that
manipulates the mosquitoes spreading dengue.
About the trial
Scientists used mosquitoes infected with “miraculous bacteria” and released across the cities. These
bacteria reduce insect’s ability to spread dengue.
Trial used mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia bacteria.
Wolbachia doesn’t harm mosquito, but it goes in same parts of its body where dengue virus needs to
get into.
The bacteria compete for resources and make it much harder for dengue virus to replicate, so the
mosquito is less likely to cause an infection when it bites again.
According to team of World Mosquito Programme, this method can be a solution to virus that has
spread worldwide.
The technique is successful and mosquitoes have been released across whole city. This project is
targeting to cover more areas with the aim of eradicating dengue.
About Dengue
Dengue is also known as “break-bone fever” as it causes severe pain in muscles and bones. It is a
mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by dengue virus (DENV). Its symptoms usually start three to
fourteen days after infection. Common symptoms include high fever, vomiting, headache, muscle pains and
joint pains besides a characteristic skin rash. In 1970, only nine countries had faced dengue outbreaks.
Now, mosquito causes 400 million infections in a year.
Costs of Climate Change in India report- GDP to reduce annually
London-based global think tank Overseas Development Institute published its report called “Costs of
Climate change in India”. The report analyses economic costs of climate-related risks in country and
possibility of increased inequality & poverty.
Key Findings
As per report, climate change will affect India’s economy.
India might lose about 3 to 10 percent of its GDP annually by 2100.
Poverty rate may also rise by 3.5 per cent in 2040.
India is already experiencing consequences of 1°C of global warming in the form of heavy rainfall.
extreme heat waves, severe flooding, rising sea levels and catastrophic storms.GDP
It observed, India has made rapid progress in boosting incomes and living standards in last three
decades. However, if no rapid global action is taken, climate change may reverse development gains
of recent decades.
Climate change is slowing the pace of poverty reduction and increasing inequality in country.

Even if temperatures are contained to two degrees Celsius, India is going to lose 2.6 percent GDP
annually. If global temperature is contained to 3 degrees Celsius, loss will magnify to 13.4 percent
annually.
Labour Productivity
Climate change will also affect labour productivity through additional channels such as increased incidence
of endemic vector-borne diseases like dengue, malaria, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis etc.
IIT-Kharagpur develops Early Cyclone Detection Technique
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur have developed an early cyclone detection technique which
will help in early detection of development or strengthening of tropical cyclones in North Indian Ocean
region.
About Cyclone Detection Technique
IIT developed this technique using Eddy detection technique. It will investigate formative stages and
advance detection time of tropical cyclogenesis. This technique was studied under Climate Change
Program with support from Department of Science and Technology. The technique was developed with the
aim of identifying initial traces of pre-cyclonic eddy vortices in atmospheric column. It also seeks to track
its spatio-temporal evolution. Researchers used a coarser grid resolution of 27 kilometres to identify the
characteristics of eddy vortices.
How this technique is different?
Earlier, remote sensing techniques were used to detect cyclones earliest. But this detection was possible
only after development low-pressure system over warm ocean surface. New technique is based on cyclonic
eddies which are prominent features of vertical atmospheric column inducing and developing into a
cyclonic depression over warm ocean surface. They could be used to detect prediction of cyclones at early
stage. Thus, larger time gap between detection and impact of cyclone could help in preparation activities.
How study was carried?
Researchers conducted the with cases of four post-monsoon severe cyclones namely, Phailin in 2013,
Vardah in 2013, Gaja in 2018 & Madi in 2013 and two pre-monsoon cyclones Mora in 2017 & Aila in 2009.
They observed, this technique was able to prediction with a minimum of four days lead time for cyclones.
WHO Handbook on Foodborne Diseases
World Health Organization (WHO) released a handbook to assess the burden of foodborne diseases and
locate data gaps which will help in strengthening health infrastructure.
Foodborne Diseases Burden
As per the WHO’s estimate of 2015, about 600 million people are affected by foodborne diseases
every year. It accounts for infection among 1 in 10 people worldwide.
About 120,000 children under five years die after consuming unsafe food. This accounts for 30
percent of total foodborne deaths per year.
Diarrhoeal diseases accounts for half of global burden of foodborne diseases. It causes illness in 550
million people and 230,000 deaths per year.
Children have high risk of foodborne diarrhoeal diseases. It causes 220 million illness and 96,000
deaths among them.
Diarrhoea is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat, fresh produce, eggs and dairy products
which are contaminated by norovirus, Campylobacter, pathogenic E coli and non-typhoidal
Salmonella.
Which regions have highest burden?
As per WHO report, African and South-East Asia Regions have highest burden of foodborne diseases.

Background
World Health Assembly had adopted a new resolution and mandated WHO to monitor global burden of
foodborne & zoonotic diseases at national, regional & international level. It asked WHO to report on global
burden of foodborne diseases with estimates of global foodborne disease burden, mortality etc by 2025.
Antibody Cocktail treatment for Covid
Doctors from Sir Ganga Ram Hospital in New Delhi have successfully analysed the monoclonal antibody
therapy on two Covid-19 patients. This therapy resulted into fast progression of symptoms within first seven
days.
About the therapy
Two patients were administered REGCov2 (Casirivimab and Imdevimab). They started to produce
resistance against SARS-CoV-2, recovered and then discharged within 12 hours of administration of
doses.
A healthcare worker with high-grade fever, cough, myalgia, severe weakness, and leucopenia was
administered REGCov2 on day six of the disease, according to the press release of the hospital.
This “antibody cocktail treatment” for coronavirus have potential to prevent case escalation from
mild to severe, which requires hospitalisation in 70% of cases.
This therapy is most suited for “high-risk Covid-19 patients” in first 10 days of symptom onset and
who meet any of listed criteria like age being 65 years or above.
What are Monoclonal Antibodies?
Monoclonal antibodies are identical copies of antibody that targets one specific antigen. They are made by
cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies which are derived this way belongs to a unique
parent cell. Monoclonal antibodies have monovalent affinity. They bind only to same epitope which is part
of an antigen recognized by antibody). Bispecific monoclonal antibodies can also be made by increasing
therapeutic targets of one monoclonal antibody to two epitopes.
ISRO to assist Development Projects in Northeast
According to Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) will assist
development projects in Northeast through Space Technology.
Key points
ISRO will offering optimum utilization of Satellite Imaging and other Space Technology applications.
These applications will be used for better accomplishment of infrastructural projects across all eight
states in North Eastern Region of India.
Six out of eight states of Northeast have already sent their specific proposals to ISRO.
Sikkim and Assam will send their proposals soon.
ISRO’s involvement would be first of its kind project in India, where there is an institutionalised
involvement of ISRO to map and share data for developmental projects.
ISRO’s ongoing projects
ISRO is monitoring and Geo-tagging 67 projects across 221 sites in eight north-eastern states. All the
projects are funded by Ministry or North Eastern Council.
North Eastern Council (NEC)
NEC is a statutory advisory body constituted through North Eastern Council Act 1971. It came into existence
on November 7, 1972 at Shillong. Eight north-eastern states namely, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram,
Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland and Sikkim are members of council. Council is represented by Chief
Ministers and Governors of all these states. Sikkim was added to NEC in 2002. NCE functions under
Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (DONER).

India to add 20 GW of Wind Energy Capacity by 2025: GWEC

India wind energy market outlook was released by Global Wind Energy Council. As per the report, India has a
pipeline of 10.3 GW in Central and State markets. These pipelines will drive installations until 2023. Report
highlights India will install 20 GW of wind energy capacity by 2021-25.
Global Wind Energy Council (GWEC)
GWEC was established in 2005. It provides credible and representative forum for entire wind energy sector
at international level. Its mission is to ensure that, wind power is established as the leading energy sources
in world, providing several environmental and economic benefits. As per GWEC, even though there are
temporary supply chain difficulties, international wind markets are growing strongly. European Union is the
leading market in wind energy having around 48 GW of installed capacity.
India Wind Power Capacity
Wind power generation capacity in India has increased in recent times. India’s total installed wind power
capacity was 38 GW, as of February 2021. It has fourth largest installed wind power capacity worldwide.
Wind power capacity is spread across Southern, Western and Northern regions. Cost of wind power is
decreasing rapidly in India. Levelized tariff of wind power is Rs 2.43 per kWh in India in 2017 though, it
increased to ₹2.77 per kWh in March 2021.
June 11, 2021

China Passes Law against Foreign Sanctions
China has passed a new legislation against foreign sanctions. With this law China seeks to build its
defences against rising US and EU pressure on trade and human rights.
Key Points
China passed this law after accusing US of suppressing Chinese firms and issued veiled threats of
retaliation. This was done after US President Joe Biden expanded a blacklist of companies wherein
Americans are barred from investing in.
What are the provisions of new law?
Chinese law has following countermeasure provisions:
1. Refusal to issue visas, denial of entry & deportation.
2. Sealing, seizing, and freezing property of individuals and businesses which is attached to foreign
sanctions against Chinese businesses or officials
3. Restrictions can also be applied to family members of individuals who fall foul of China.
4. It allows Chinese courts to punish companies complying with foreign laws that damage national
interests.
Background
China is complaining since long about extra-territorial application of US law by means of sanctions and
restrictions on trade. Joe Biden is also criticizing China in recent months with respect to theft of intellectual
property and alleged human rights abuses in Hong Kong and Xinjiang.
Blacklisted American Companies
Several Americans companies are barred from investing in because of their links with Beijing’s military
apparatus. 59 Chinese companies that are off-limits to American investors includes China Mobile, China
Railway Construction Corp, video surveillance firm Hikvision and China National Offshore Oil Corporation
(CNOOC).
All India Survey on Higher Education 2019-2020
Ministry of Education has released latest edition of “All India Survey on Higher Education” (AISHE)
2019-2020. As per the survey, number of institutions of national importance have increased to 135 which

accounts for 80 percent in last five years.

Key Findings of Survey
According to survey, number of institutions of national importance have increased to 135 in 2020
from 75 in 2015.
Gender parity Index has also improved.
Number of PhDs has increased by 60 per cent since 2015. Number of students pursuing PhD in
2019-20 was 2.03 lakh while in 2014-15 it was 1.17 lakh.
Number of teachers stands at 15,03,156. Out of them, 57.5 percent are male while 42.5 percent are
female.
Total enrolment in higher education is 3.85 crore in 2019-20, which was 3.74 crore in 2018-19 & 3.42
crore in 2014-15.
About AISHE Survey
AISHE report is published by Ministry of Education since 2010-11. Survey provides key performance
indicators on current status of higher education in India. Data is collected on parameters like number of
teachers, student enrolment, examination results, programmes, education finance and infrastructure.
Indicators of educational development include Institution Density, Pupil-Teacher ratio, Gross Enrolment
Ratio, Gender Parity Index and Per Student Expenditure.
Google to build longest Undersea Cable in the World
Alphabet’s Google is all set to build world’s longest undersea cable connecting United States, Brazil,
Argentina and Uruguay. This undersea cable will boost internet connection capacity in these regions.
Key Facts
Undersea cable, called Firmina, will run from East Coast of United States to Las Toninas, Argentina along
with additional landings in Praia Grande, Brazil, and Punta del Este, Uruguay. Announcement was made
following a surge in demand for internet and cloud services amid covid-19 pandemic which has pushed
online shopping, online entertainment, online and work from home culture.
Significance of Firmina
Firmina undersea cable will improve access to Google services for users in South America. It will comprise
of 12 fibre pairs which will carry traffic quickly & securely between North & South America. It will thus
provide the users fast, low-latency access to Google products like Gmail, Search, YouTube and Google
Cloud services.
Alphabet Inc
This American multinational conglomerate, with headquarter in California, was created by restructuring
Google on October 2, 2015. It has become the parent company of Google and other subsidiaries of google.
It is world’s fourth-largest technology company by revenue.
What is Space plate Light Manipulation?
Researchers from University of Ottawa proposed a new optical element that could turn a telescope into thin
sheet of paper, or a much smaller & lighter high-performance camera. This idea can turn into reality by
dramatically miniaturizing optical devices.
About new optical element
Researchers have developed a new optical element called ‘Spaceplate’ which “spreads out” light when it is
travelling through it. In every telescope there is a large gap between eyepiece and objective lens giving light
room to spread. Spaceplate stimulates same spreading which light would experience travelling large
distance in small device. Space plate looks like “more space” for light, than it actually occupies. It is a
counterpart to lens that shrink down entire imaging systems.

Background
Researchers, Jeff Lundeen & Orad Reshef came up with idea of Spaceplace using nanotechnology to
manipulate a ray based on its position
Uses of Space plate
Space plate can be used to miniaturize many optical systems like display or sensors. It can enable paper-
thin telescopes or cameras and can be used to remove “camera bump” on smartphone. Spaceplate when
combined with metalenses can make entire back surface. It has 14 times better resolution and low-light
performance than large and heavy cameras. It can also be used in applications like health care where
camera pills or endoscopes to look inside arteries or digestive system.
Global House Price Index 2021
According to Knight Frank’s Global House Price Index for Q1 2021, India has moved down by 12 spots in
global home price index because property price in India has declined amid covid-19 pandemic.
Highlights
This year, India has been ranked at 55th position while during Q1 2020, India was ranked at 43rd position in
terms of property prices.
Key Findings of index
Home prices in India decreased by 1.6 percent on a year-on-year basis.
In terms of changes in 6-month (Q3 2020-Q1 2021) and 3-month (Q4 2020-Q1 2021), residential
prices have increased by 0.6 percent and 1.4 percent, respectively.
US witnessed highest annual price growth rate since 2005. Prices have increased by 13.2 percent
year on year (YoY)
Turkey is the topper in annual rankings with prices of 32 percent.
Turkey is followed by New Zealand at 22.1 percent and Luxembourg with 16.6 percent growth in
prices YoY.
Spain emerged as weakest-performing territory in Q1 2021. In Spain, home prices fell by 1.8 percent.
Space is followed by India with 1.6 per cent decline on prices.
House Price Index (HPI)
HPI measures price changes of residential housing with respect to percentage change from some specific
start date. Hedonic regression (HR), repeat sales regression (RSR) and simple moving average (SMA) are
common methodologies to measure HPI.
International Level Crossing Awareness Day
International Level Crossing Awareness Day was observed by “South-Central Railway (SCR)” on June 10,
2021. Awareness programmes was conducted for public at level crossing gates.
Highlights
On the occasion, railway authorities took up operation to remove manned level crossings in phased
manner by constructing Limited Height Subways (LHS), Road Under Bridges (RUBs) and Road Over
Bridges (ROBs) in the zone.
About 81 manned level crossings have been removed by constructing LHS, ROB and RUBs in
collaboration with State governments.
South Central Railway (SCR)
SCR is one among 18 zones of Indian Railways. Jurisdiction of SCR lies with states of Telangana,
Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Madhya Pradesh. It administers three divisions viz.
Secunderabad, Hyderabad and Nanded. It was reorganized recently in 2019 when divisions of Vijayawada,
Guntur and Guntakal railway station were separated and they formed South Coast Railway zone.
Secunderabad railway station is current headquarter while Gajanan Mallya is the present general manager

of SCR.
International Level Crossing Awareness Day (ILCAD)
ILCAD is a worldwide initiative which seeks to improve awareness of level crossing safety. This awareness
campaign is spearheaded by UIC which is the worldwide railway organisation. The day is observed with
commitment after the success of first European Level Crossing Awareness Day which was held on June 25,
2009 in 28 countries to raise public awareness on dangers of misbehaviour across level crossings.
US announces 500 Million Vaccine doses to Poor Countries
United States President Joe Biden has announced to donate 500 million doses of Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine
to poorest countries across world to end the pandemic as soon as possible.
Key Points
This donation is a bold move which showed, US recognises its responsibility towards world as well as
its citizens.
US will provide these half billion doses with no strings attached.
Vaccine donations don’t include pressure for favours or potential concessions.
US has committed to buy and donate 500 million Pfizer doses to distribute under global COVAX
alliance to 92 lower-income countries and African Union.
Vaccines will become available by August 2021.
US targets to distribute 200 million doses by end of 2021 & 300 million doses in first half of 2022.
COVAX facility
It is one of the three pillars of Access to COVID-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator. It was launched in April 2020 by
World Health Organization (WHO), France and European Commission against Covid-19 pandemic. COVAX
seeks to ensure that people get access to Covid-19 vaccines equally once they are available. It has the
target of providing 2 billion doses by end of 2021. COVAX is co-led by Gavi, Coalition for Epidemic
Preparedness Innovations (CEPI) and WHO.
ACT Accelerator
It is a framework for collaboration to accelerate development, production, and equitable access of Covid-19
tests, treatments and vaccines. It has three main pillars: Vaccines (COVAX), Therapeutics, Diagnostics.
Gavi COVAX Advance Market Commitment (AMC)
AMC is a mechanism within COVAX facility which ensure that 92 middle- and lower-income countries get
equal access to Covid-19 vaccines as higher-income countries are getting. India is also a Gavi beneficiary
and is receiving vaccines under COVAX facility.
Master Plan Delhi 2041
Draft Master Plan of Delhi 2041 was made open for public scrutiny for next 45 days. It will serve as blueprint
for development of Delhi for next two decades.
What the document focuses on?
Master Plan document focuses on environment and tackling pollution. The plan also allows private
developers to offer in land-pooling scheme for the first time. It aims:
To make Delhi liveable & safe,
To provide better economic opportunities,
To offer housing for all. It emphasises on affordable & rental accommodation.
To redevelop old areas of Delhi.
What it suggests for natural hazards?
In a bid to address challenges faced during pandemics, earthquakes & floods, it has suggested for periodic
safety audits to ensure structural safety and to establish a Delhi Disaster Response Force.

Regeneration scheme for high-risk zones

MPD 2041 proposes for decentralised workspaces, creation of open areas & public spaces, better habitat
design & green-rated developments in order to reduce vulnerability to airborne epidemics & other such
diseases and to reduce dependence on mechanical ventilation systems.
Background
Preparation of draft MPD 2041 started in 2017. It continued through the lockdowns amid COVID-19. The
plan will be GIS-based. Thus, zonal plans have been prepared after digitally mapping every service, land use
and infrastructure. It has been prepared by Delhi Development Authority. It is an ‘strategic’ and ‘enabling’
framework which will guide the growth in Delhi. It has been prepared by eliminating loopholes of previous
plans of 1962, 2001 and 2021.
India’s Agri Exports during 2020-21 grew 17.34%
India’s export of agricultural and allied products in 2020-21 have increased by 17.34 percent. It now equals
to USD 41.25 billion.
Highlights
As per commerce secretary Anup Wadhawan, this growth momentum in Agri export is expected to be
sustained during current fiscal as well.
India experienced huge growth in the export of cereals, wheat, millets, non-basmati rice, maize and
other coarse grains.
Exports have taken place from several clusters for first time. For example, export of fresh vegetables
& mangoes from Varanasi and black Rice from Chandauli.
Exports of agricultural products (excluding marine and plantation products) increased by 28.36 per
cent in 2020-21 as opposed to USD 23.23 billion in 2019-20.
Which countries are India’s largest markets?
Largest markets for agricultural products of India are United States, China, Bangladesh, United Arab
Emirates, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Indonesia, Nepal, Iran and Malaysia.
Agri Export Policy
About 18 states, including Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Nagaland, Punjab, Assam and Karnataka, have
finalised their specific action plan to implement Agri export policy. As per the policy, 46 unique product-
district clusters have been identified for export promotion while 29 cluster level committees have been
formed.
Recent Market access
India recently gained market access for pomegranate in Australia; oranges in Serbia; mango & Basmati rice
in Argentina; mango, banana & soybean oilcake in Uzbekistan, carrot seeds in Iran; wheat flour, basmati rice,
and tomato, okra & onion in Bhutan
India’s exports of organic farm products rose 51% in 2020-21
According to commerce secretary, Anup Wadhawan, exports of India’s organic farm products has increased
to 51 percent in 2020-21 challenging the hiccups in supply chain amid covid-19.
Highlights
Outbound shipments of organic products have hit 1,040 million dollars in last fiscal as compared to
689 million dollars in 2020.
Farm exports have increased over 17 percent to 41.25 billion dollars in last fiscal.
Exports of organic products increased by 39 percent and reached to 8 lakh 88 thousand 179 tonnes in
terms of volume in last fiscal.
Organic products that were shipped include oil cake & meals, oil seeds, millets, cereals, spices and
condiments, tea, dry fruits, sugar, coffee and medicinal plant products.

Organic farming in India

Organic farming in India is in nascent stage. As per Union Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare, As of
March 2020, 2.78 million hectare of farmland was under organic cultivation. It accounts for just two per
cent of the 140.1 million ha net sown area in India. some of the states have improved their organic farming
coverage. Major part of this area is concentrated only in few states like Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and
Rajasthan. These states cover half of area under organic cultivation. Madhya Pradesh tops the list with 0.76
million ha of area under organic cultivation, which equal to the 27 per cent of India’s total organic
cultivation area.
PM Modi to participate in outreach session of G7 Summit
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will participate in outreach sessions of UK led G7 virtual summit in Cornwall
in June 2021.
More in news
PM Modi is expected to join G7 summit on 12 and 13 June. This is the second time that Indian Prime
Minister will participate in G7 meet.
India was invited by G7 French Presidency in 2019 to Biarritz Summit as a “Goodwill Partner”.
In 2019, PM Modi had participated in sessions on “Climate, Biodiversity & Oceans” and “Digital
Transformation”.
India, Australia and South Korea are other special invitees for the G-7 Summit 2021.
Guest leaders will also be invited to take part in certain sessions of Group of Seven meeting which
will be presided by UK. The session will be made up of Canada, Italy, US, France, Germany, Japan and
European Union (EU).
G7 summit 2021
This will be the 47th G7 summit. It is scheduled for June 11 to June 13, 2021 in United Kingdom which also
holds presidency of the G7 this year. Leaders of seven G7 member states and representatives of European
Union will participate in the summit. President of European Commission has been a permanently welcome
participant for all G7 meetings and decision-making since 1981. 47th G7 Summit will be the first summit for
Japanese Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga, Italian Prime Minister Mario Draghi and U.S. President Joe Biden.
G7 Countries
G7 comprises of Canada, France, Italy, Germany, Japan, UK and US.
ATM cash withdrawal rule changed
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has changed some rules regarding cash withdrawal from automated teller
machine (ATM). New rules include high charges on transactions beyond free permissible limit, new free
ATM transaction limit and increase in interchange fee.
Highlights
Changes were made on the basis of recommendations of Chief Executive committee it constituted in
June 2019.
Indian Banks’ Association reviewed entire ATM charges and fees with its focus on interchange
structure for ATM transactions.
What are the new rules?
New rules are listed below:
a. Free cash withdrawal limit from own bank:
Bank customers can now do five free financial and non-financial transactions every month from their own
bank ATMs.
b. Free ATM transaction limit from other bank:
ATM card holders can do three free financial and non-financial transactions in metro centres while five in

non-metro transaction from other bank ATMs

c. Charges on ATM cash withdrawal beyond free limit:
RBI allowed banks to increase charges on ATM transactions beyond free ATM transaction limit.
d. Rise in interchange fee:
Interchange fee per transaction changed from Rs 15 to Rs 17 for financial transactions while from Rs 5 to
Rs 6 for non-financial transactions in effect from August 1, 2021.
e. New charges on ATM withdrawal beyond free transaction limit:
Bank customer will have to pay Rs 21 (currently it is Rs 20) for each ATM cash withdrawal beyond free
transaction limit in effect from January 1, 2022.
Dihing Patkai: 7th National Park of Assam
Assam Government has notified Dihing Patkai as a National Park which was the last remaining stretches of
the Assam Valley tropical wet evergreen forests.
Key points
This notification comes four days after creating 422-sq. km Raimona National Park in Kokrajhar
district of Assam.
Assam now has the third most National Parks (7) in India.
Madhya Pradesh with 12 national parks maintains the top slot and it is followed by Andaman &
Nicobar Islands having 9 national parks.
National Parks in Assam
Assam has five older National Parks including-
1. Kaziranga National Park
2. Manas National Park
3. Nameri National Park
4. Orang National Park
5. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park
Among them, Kaziranga & Manas are UNESCO World Heritage Sites and tiger reserves. Nameri and Orang
are also designated tiger reserves.
About Dihing Patkai
Dihing Patkai is a 234.26-sq. km stretch covering Dibrugarh and Tinsukia districts of Assam. It is a major
elephant habitat. It has recorded 310 species of butterflies. Park also comprise of 47 species of reptiles &
mammals, including tiger and clouded leopard. It will be administered by Soraipung Range of Digboi Forest
Division & Jeypore Range of Dibrugarh Forest Division.
Why Dihing patkai was in focus?
Dihing Patkai was in focus for illegal coal mining in its vicinity comprising of erstwhile Dehing Patkai
Wildlife Sanctuary, Jeypore Reserve Forest and western block of Upper Dihing Reserve Forest.
G-7 plans 1 billion extra Covid-19 shots by 2022
Group of Seven (G-7) leaders are set to vow to deliver 1 billion extra doses of vaccines by 2022 to cover 80
percent of world’s adult population.
Highlights
Ahead of G-7 summit in UK, officials put together document outlining a plan to end pandemic by
December 2022.
Document is yet to be finalised but it will form the basis of final-stage talks at summit in Cornwall.
At the summit, presidents and prime ministers will pledge to deliver at least 1 billion extra doses of
vaccines over the next year.

Agenda of meeting
G-7 countries also plan to make a commitment to hasten shift from fossil-fuel-powered vehicles and to
“green transitions” in developing countries. Other topics of discussion include-
Demand of Russia to hold accountable the cyber criminals who carry out ransomware attacks from
its territory and
Pledge to confront forced labour in supply chains, particularly involved in garment and solar
industries.
China is not mentioned in the communique by name, but Beijing government has come under intense
international criticism over its treatment of Uyghurs.
They will further delve into coronavirus policy and bring about a common standard for travel including
recognition of person’s vaccination status.
US Government Plan
US government has planned to buy about 200 million doses in 2021 to distribute through COVAX facility
with the aim of securing an equitable global distribution of vaccine. It will also buy about 300 million doses
in 2022. Vaccines will be given to 92 lower-income countries and African Union.
May records 2nd highest rainfall in 121 years
As per Indian Meteorological Department (IMD), May 2021 received second highest rainfall in 121 years.
Key findings by IMD
Highest rainfall attributes to two back-to-back cyclones and western disturbances.
IMD also highlights, average maximum temperature of 34.18 degrees Celsius over India this May was
fourth lowest since 1901. In 1917, India had recorded lowest ever temperature May as 32.68 degrees
Celsius.
Temperature was also lowest since 1977 when it was recorded as 33.84 degrees Celsius.
No significant heat wave spell was observed during may over any parts of India.
Rainfall in May
Rainfall over India as a whole for May month of 2021 was recorded as 107.9 millimetres which is 74 percent
more than its Long Period Average (LPA) of 62 mm. Highest ever rainfall was occurred in year 1990 with
recorded rainfall of 110.7mm.
Why May recorded highest rainfall?
May witnessed the formation of cyclone in Arabian Sea as well as Bay of Bengal. Tauktae cyclone formed
over Arabian Sea and developed into an extremely severe cyclonic storm hitting Gujarat coast on May 17.
Cyclone Yaas was developed over Bay of Bengal & intensified severe cyclonic storm hitting Odisha coast on
May 26. These two systems brought rainfall over the states as well as in western & eastern coasts.
Western disturbances
Western disturbances are cyclonic storms originating in Mediterranean Sea and traverse across Central
Asia before hitting north India. They are critical to northwest India as they act as major source of snow &
rainfall during the winters.
June 12, 2021
Maharashtra: Action plan to Protect Heritage Trees
Maharashtra Cabinet chaired by Chief Minister Uddhav Thackeray cleared an action plan to protect ancient
and old trees aged 50 years and above in urban areas.
Heritage Tree
Cabinet approved the action plan to implement ‘Heritage Tree’ concept in Maharashtra.
This action plan was proposed by Environment Department headed by Aaditya Thackeray.
Action plan amends Maharashtra (Urban Areas) Tree Protection and Conservation Act, 1975.

Amendment will help in safeguarding green cover across urban landscapes and would also provide a
robust mechanism to protect heritage trees.
What are those amendments?
Under the amendment, government will introduce “concept of Heritage Trees” and age of trees for
their protection and preservation.
It will also ensure compensatory plantation which will have a net positive impact.
It proposes common land for plantation to be reserved and scientific methods like Miyawaki
plantation should be followed.
Fines and penalties are being revised and maximum limit has been kept at up to Rs 1 lakh per tree.
Tree Authority
With the aim of protecting significant number of trees, Maharashtra government will set up
“Maharashtra State Tree Authority”. Authority will define utilisation of tree cess.
A tree expert will be a part of local Tree Authority to give expert opinion.
Chief officer of municipal council will be chairman of Tree Authority.
UNDP report on Aspirational Districts Programme
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) India has released an independent report and lauded
Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP) as ‘a successful model of local area development’.
Key findings of report
As per the report, ADP should serve as a best practice for other countries where regional disparities
are persisting with respect to development.
Report highlights, ADP has made concerted efforts due to which neglected districts in remote
locations and those districts affected by Left Wing Extremism are on positive trajectory of growth
with more growth and development in last three years.
Health & nutrition, education, and agriculture & water resources have registered massive
improvements.
UNDP on health & nutrition and financial inclusion
As per the report, more than 9.6% home deliveries are attended by skilled birth attendant. About 5.8% more
pregnant women with severe anaemia, and 4.8% children diagnosed with diarrhoea are treated. In the first
trimester, 4.5% pregnant women register for antenatal care. Under Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima
Yojana, about 1580 accounts opened per 1 lakh population. UNDP found ‘Malaria Mukt Bastar Abhiyaan’ in
Bijapur and Dantewada as one of the best practices in ADP. This abhiyaan has reduced malaria incidences
by 71% and 54% in two districts respectively.
Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP)
ADP was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in January 2018. It is a part of government’s effort to
raise living standards of its citizens and ensure inclusive growth for all under his vision of ‘Sabka Saath
Sabka Vikas’.
Albania, Brazil, Gabon, Ghana, UAE Elected to UNSC
Countries including Albania, Brazil, Gabon, Ghana and United Arab Emirates (UAE) have been elected
unopposed to powerful UN Security Council (UNSC) as non-permanent members for 2022-23 term.
Key Points
UN General Assembly (UNGA) has held elections to elect five non-permanent members for UNSC.
They will take their seats on Council for two-year term from January 1, 2022.
Five countries won elections unopposed because they were the only candidates from their respective
regional groups.

Regional distribution of seats in UNSC

As per regional distribution for 2021 election, three seats were available from African & Asian States.
Gabon, Ghana and United Arab Emirates won these three sears. Apart from that, one Latin American and
Caribbean Group seat was available for which Brazil was elected. While, Albania won Eastern European
Group seat.
Which countries are retiring?
Estonia, Niger, Saint Vincent & Grenadines, Tunisia and Vietnam will complete their two-year terms on UNSC
in 2021. Thus, to fill this seat, new non-permanent members were elected. They will sit the table along with
five permanent members China, France, Russia, United Kingdom & United States and five non-permanent
members India, Ireland, Kenya, Mexico & Norway. India will also assume rotating Presidency of Security
Council in August.
Election to non-permanent members
Election for the non-permanent members of UNSC is held by secret ballot. Candidates require a two-thirds
majority in UNGA to be elected as non-permanent member. Five countries are elected to Council of 15-
member (UNSC) as non-permanent members for two-year term.
What is New Atlantic Charter?
US President Joe Biden and British Prime Minister Boris Johnson held meeting recently in Cornwall and
inspected documents related to Atlantic Charter and signed a document titled “New Atlantic Charter”.
What is New Atlantic Charter?
New Atlantic Charter is an agreement was signed on June 10, 2021 at 2021 G7 summit in England between
Boris Johnson and Joe Biden. It is a new version of the Atlantic Charter of 1941. Agreement was signed to
redefine Western alliance.
Objectives of New Atlantic Charter
New Atlantic Charter was signed with the objective of defending principles & institutions of democracy and
strengthening & adapting the institutions. Charter seeks to remain united behind principles of sovereignty,
territorial integrity & peaceful resolution of disputes. It will also try to maintain collective security &
international stability even against cyber threats. It prioritises climate change across all international
action.
What is Atlantic Charter?
Atlantic Charter is a declaration signed in August 1941 (after the end of second world war) by British Prime
Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Charter sets out common goals like
free trade, disarmament & right to self-determination of all people. It is often called as a cornerstone of
trans-Atlantic special relationship. This charter led to dismantling of British Empire and formation of NATO
& General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
India-Kuwait MoU on Domestic Worker Recruitment
India and Kuwait signed an MoU on cooperation on domestic worker recruitment on June 10, 2021.
About MoU
This MoU will bring Indian domestic workers in Gulf nation within the legal framework which will
provide them protection under law.
Agreement will also streamline recruitment of domestic workers.
It will ensure rights and obligations of domestic workers as well as employer.
A 24-hour assistance mechanism will be established to assist domestic workers.
A joint committee will also be set up to assess and review periodically on implementation of MoU.
Background
MoU was signed between Indian Ambassador Sibi George and Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs of Kuwait

Majdi Ahmad Al-Dhafiri during a three-day bilateral visit of External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar in Kuwait
to mark 60th anniversary of establishment of bilateral relations between India and Kuwait.
Indians in Kuwait
Community of Indians in Kuwait comprises of Indian expatriates in Kuwait and Kuwaiti citizens of Indian
origin or by descent. As per Indian ministry of external affairs, about 10 lakh Indians are residing in Kuwait
as of 2020. Majority of Indians belong to Kerala and Tamil Nadu. India is one of the largest trading partners
of Kuwait and Kuwait is a key supplier of oil to India.
Flipkart to lead 'Medicines from the Sky’ project
E-commerce giant, Flipkart, has partnered with Telangana government to lead “Medicines from the Sky”
project.
Medicines from the Sky project
Consortium has been tasked with development and execution of drone deliveries of medical supplies
to remote areas under the project.
Under the consortium, Walmart-owned Flipkart will deploy drones and will enable deliveries of
vaccines & medical supplies.
Drone delivery of supplies will be complemented with technologies like geo mapping, trace of
location and routing of shipments.
Technologies have been developed by Flipkart over years in serving millions of customers across
India.
These technologies will be used to conduct ‘Beyond Visual Line of Sight’ (BVLOS) deliveries in remote
areas in Telangana where road infrastructure is not conducive to deliver vaccines faster.
This project is conceived by World Economic Forum and Healthnet Global Limited which outlines the
requirements for drone delivery and assess to proposals.
How covid-19 crisis pushed for technological development?
COVID-19 crisis has pushed for rapid development of scalable and robust technologies for faster delivery of
medicines and services in order to contain the pandemic. ‘Medicines from the Sky project’ is a testament of
this push.
What is Beyond Visual Line of Sight?
Distances where drones and UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) operate outside its normal visible range are
known as beyond visual line of sight. It is the second stage of testing of drones. Drones are operated within
visual line of sight in first phase of testing.
TRAI released new framework for broadcasting & cable services
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has released new framework for broadcasting and cable
services by amending interconnection regulations of 2017.
Background
Regulation of 2017 provides a framework for technical compliance of conditional access system
(CAS) and subscriber management system (SMS) in broadcasting and cable sector.
Framework is incorporated as schedule IX in Interconnection Regulations, 2017.
New Technical Framework
New technical framework is the first step in defining an indigenous set of specifications with respect
to international standards. It will bring several important benefits to television broadcasting sector
and consumers.
Under the new framework, Operationalisation and oversight of framework will be carried out through
a testing and certification agency, which will be prescribed by authority later.
Working of CAS and SMS will be tightly synchronized, which will enable factual reporting of

subscriber base.
It will also help in reduce revenue loss to stakeholders on account of erroneous subscription
reporting.
Framework will usher in better content security across the distribution value chain which will pave the
way for high-definition content to Indian television viewers.
It will improve end-to-end compliance and reduce litigations across service providers.
What is CAS?
CAS is which is a digital mode of transmitting TV channels using a set-top box. These transmission signals
are encrypted and viewers are required to buy a set-top box to receive and decrypt signal.
About Subscriber Management System
SMS is a customer-centric care and billing solution which helps multi-play operators to beat competition
and meet information technology challenges of serving full needs.
ICMR to start 4th National Sero Survey
According to member of NITI Aayog, Dr VK Paul, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) will start 4th
national Covid-19 serosurvey.
Highlights
He also urged states to roll out their own sero surveillances in order to assess spread of covid-19
pandemic.
This will be the fourth serosurvey conducted by ICMR.
It will be conducted in 70 districts across India.
Children aged six years and above will be surveyed.
What is Sero Survey?
Sero survey is used to determine prevalence of coronavirus antibodies among community. In the survey,
blood samples are tested for presence of IgG (Immunoglobulin G) antibodies. These antibodies determine a
past coronavirus infection. IgG appear within two weeks of covid-19 infection. However, it is unclear how
long antibodies detectably persist in body. Their presence indicates past exposure to virus and not its
presence in the body. This facility-oriented surveillance is expansion of testing of flu and serious respiratory
cases in hospitals which are being carried out by government.
Why Sero-testing is conducted?
Sero-survey is a more focused population-based survey of high and low -risk groups in select districts
different then the routine testing. Sero survey helps government and its agencies to monitor Covid-19 trends
and helps to check for community transmission.
Border Roads Organisation sets up two CoE
Defence Minister, Rajnath Singh inaugurated two Centres of Excellence (CoE) established by Border Roads
Organisation (BRO) at Seema Sadak Bhawan in New Delhi.
About Centres of Excellence
CoEs have been established to achieve excellence in road safety and to foster growth in construction
of roads, air fields, tunnels and bridges. Two CoEs are:
Centre of Excellence for Road Safety & Awareness (CoERSA)– which aims to create awareness
regarding road safety by analysing sharing of road accidents. It will also suggest methods to save
lives.
Centre of Excellence for Roads, Bridges, Air Fields and Tunnels (CoERBAT)- that focuses on
institutionalising knowledge gained in development of about 60,000 kilometres of roads, 19 airfields,
56,000 metres of bridges, and four tunnels in eastern and north-western part of India.

Significance of CoEs
CoEs will play a significant role in saving precious lives. It will help in saving lives. As per data, this silent
pandemic (road accidents) claims about 1.5 lakh lives every year. To save these lives, several measures like
National Road Safety Policy, Motor Vehicle Act 2020 and identification of black spots on national highways
have been initiated. CoEs will further boost the efforts of government.
Border Roads Organisation (BRO)
BRO is a road construction executive force which is part of Indian Armed Forces. It develops and maintains
road networks across border areas and friendly neighbouring countries. It carries infrastructure operations
in 19 states, three union territories and neighbouring countries like Afghanistan, Bhutan, Tajikistan,
Myanmar and Sri Lanka.
Module to compile Out-of-school children's data
Education ministry has developed an online module to compile data on out-of-school children. Ministry has
also asked states and union territories to upload a quarterly progress report.
About the Module
Under this online module, data on out-of-school children should be mapped with special training
centres (STCs) of Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan.
Compilation of these data set will help in bringing back those children to school classroom. Thus, this
module is in line with the key focus of new national education policy.
Information of all identified out-of-school children and STCs will be uploaded at block level under
Block Resource Coordinator.
Quarterly progress report and user manual will be shared on portal.
Why this module was developed?
This module was developed as experts and academicians were of the view that, millions of students
dropped out of schools amid the covid-19 pandemic as educational institutions are not open and are taking
classes online. Reverse migration has also worsened the scenario.
Samagra Shiksha
It is an integrated scheme for school education which extends from pre-school to class XII. It ensures
inclusive and equitable quality education at all the levels in school. This scheme was launched by
subsuming Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Teacher Education (TE) and Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha
Abhiyan (RMSA). It mainly focuses on improving quality of school education by emphasising on two T’s-
Teacher and Technology.
ESA announces orbiter to study Venus
European Space Agency (ESA) has announced about its probe called ‘EnVision’ to study Venus, after
American Space agency NASA decided to send two missions to the planet.
About EnVision
EnVision will be the next orbiter to circle over Venus. It will provide a holistic view of planet from its
inner core to upper atmosphere.
It will determine how and why Venus and Earth evolved so differently, even though they lie in
habitable zone to the Sun as opposed to Nasa probes DAVINCI+ and VERITAS which will enter into
atmosphere of Venus.
ESA will launch its probe by 2030.
Why Venus is attracting scientists?
Venus is the closest neighbour of Earth in inner solar system. It is similar in size & composition to Earth.
Despite that, both the planets have evolved differently. Venus is not inhabitable like Earth but has witnessed
severe climatic changes. It has developed a toxic atmosphere which is enshrouded with thick sulphuric

acid-rich clouds.
What EnVision will study?
Orbiter Envision will be loaded with a sounder which will study underground layering, and spectrometer
which will study atmosphere & surface. Spectrometers will monitor trace gases in atmosphere and analyse
surface composition and look for any changes which could be linked to signs of active volcanism. A radio
science experiment on orbiter will probe internal structure and gravity field of planet.
RBI extends Risk Based Internal Audit rules to HFCs
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has extended Risk-Based Internal Audit (RBIA) rules to all deposit-taking and
non-deposit taking HFCs (Housing Finance Companies) who are having assets above Rs 5,000 crore. These
rules will be effective from June 30, 2022.
Highlights
Earlier on February 3, RBI had made these rules applicable to other entities as well. After internal audit rules
extended to HFCs, share price of HFCs took a beating. Share price of LIC Housing Finance fell down by
1.5% to Rs 519 per piece.
What are the new rules?
RBI’s new guidelines are important with respect of rising instances of financial regularities and
governance issues in banks and NBFCs.
It will ensure smooth transition from existing system of internal audit to constitution of committee
comprising of senior executives with responsibility to formulate plans for RBIA, NBFCs and UCBs
concerned.
Committee will address transitional and change management issues and will report progress
periodically to Board and senior management.
Boards of NBFCs and UCBs are primarily responsible to oversee their internal audit functions.
Risk-based internal audit (RBIA)
RBIA is an internal methodology, primarily focused on inherent risk involved with activities or system. It
provides assurance regarding the management of risk within defined risk appetite level. It is a risk
management framework of management which seeks to reinforce responsibility of management and BOD
(Board of Directors) for managing risk at every stage.
Rebecca Grynspan: 1st woman to head UNCTAD
UN General Assembly (UNGA) has approved nomination of Rebecca Grynspan to head United Nations
Conference on Trade and development (UNCTAD). She is an economist from Costa Rica.
Key Points
She will be the first woman and Central American to lead Geneva-based organisation, UNCTAD.
She was nominated as secretary-general of UNCTAD by Secretary-General Antonio Guterres.
Background
Rebecca Grynspan has been secretary-general of Ibero-American General Secretariat since 2014. This
secretariate supports preparations for Ibero-American summits. She has also worked as deputy
administrator of United Nations Development Program (UNDP) from 2010 to 2014. She also served as
UNDP’s regional director for Latin America and Caribbean.
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
UNCTAD was established as permanent intergovernmental body in 1964. It is a part of United Nations
Secretariat that deals in trade, investment, and developmental issues. It seeks to maximize trade,
investment and development opportunities in developing countries and assist them in integrating into world
economy on equitable basis. It was established by United Nations General Assembly and it reports to UN
General Assembly and United Nations Economic & Social Council.

India: 4th largest Forex Reserves holder

India’s forex reserves crossed $600 mark for the first time and as on June 4, it stood at $605 billion. With
this, India equals Russia as the fourth largest reserve holder worldwide.
Highlights
India’s forex reserve was $605.008 billion while for Russia it was $605.2 billion.
It took a year for reserves to rise by $100 billion.
Huge forex reserves have improved India’s import cover substantially.
By December 2020, foreign exchange reserves cover of imports increased to 18.6 months.
Foreign exchange or Forex reserves
Forex are assets on reserves which are held by central bank in foreign currencies. It includes bonds,
treasury bills and other government securities. Most of the foreign exchange reserves are held in U.S.
dollars. These reserves serve several purposes and ensure that central bank has backup funds in case
national currency rapidly becomes insolvent or devaluate. India’s Forex Reserves include- Gold, Foreign
Currency Assets, Special Drawing Rights and Reserve position with International Monetary Fund (IMF).
Foreign Currency Assets
Assets which are valued on the basis of currency other than own currency of any country are called as
foreign currency assets. It is the largest component of forex reserve and is expressed in dollar terms.
Special Drawing Rights
These international reserve assets are created by International Monetary Fund (IMF) in 1969. These are
neither a currency nor a claim on IMF, but a potential claim on freely usable currencies of members of IMF.
Ayush Ministry launches ‘Namaste Yoga’ Mobile App
During the curtain raiser event for 7th International Day of Yoga (IDY) on June 11, 2021, a mobile application
called “Namaste Yoga” was launched. This app in devoted to Yoga.
Key Points
Event was organised by Ministry of Ayush in association with Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga
(MDNIY).
On the occasion, Ayush Minister Shri Kiren Rijiju highlighted about 10-day series on Doordarshan on
IDY 2021 and central message of this series as “Be with Yoga Be at Home”.
Namaste Yoga app is designed as an information platform for public. It was launched with the aim of
raising awareness about yoga and make it accessible for larger community.
International Day of Yoga (IDY)
IDY is observed on 21st June every year. In the year 2021, IDY will be celebrated under theme- “Yoga at
home and Yoga with Family”. In 2020, theme for the day was ‘Yoga for Health – Yoga at Home’.
Background
India had proposed for idea of IDY during the opening of 69th session of the United Nations General
Assembly (UNGA) in 2014. UN passed resolution in December 2014 and proclaimed 21st June as IDY. First
Yoga Day was celebrated in 2015 at Rajpath, New Delhi. It created Guinness World Records for being
world’s largest yoga session with 35,985 people. It was participated by 84 nationalities.
June 14, 2021
FAME II Amendment
Ministry of Heavy Industry has announced major amendments in ongoing FAME-II scheme. Ministry has
fixed incentives for India-made electric two-wheelers.
Highlights
With the recent amendments on price side and subsidies government aims to promote electric two-
wheeler usage across India.

Reduction is price will help in EV adoption and strengthen government’s plans of making India an
electric vehicle nation by 2030.
What are the recent amendments?
Earlier, subsidy rate for electric two-wheelers was Rs 10,000/kWh. It has been increased to Rs 15,000/kWh,
which is nearly 40 percent of vehicle cost.
Procurement of EVs
Central government will procure electric buses and three-wheelers on large scale. EESL will be directed to
procure three lakh electric rickshaws and has been told to aggregate demand for electric buses across nine
major cities namely, Surat, Pune, Mumbai, Chennai, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Delhi and Bengaluru.
FAME India Scheme
This scheme was launched with the aim of incentivising vehicle segments including 2-Wheeler, Passenger
4-Wheeler Vehicle, 3-Wheeler Auto, Light Commercial Vehicles and Buses. It also covers Hybrid & Electric
technologies such as Mild Hybrid, plug in Hybrid, Strong Hybrid and Battery Electric Vehicles. This scheme
is monitored by Department of Heavy Industries. It has four focus areas viz., Technology development,
Demand Creation, Charging Infrastructure and Pilot Projects.
Pulitzer Prize 2021
Pulitzer Prize 2021 was recently conferred recently. Megha Rajagopalan, an Indian-origin journalist, has won
this top journalism award of USA on June 11, 2021.
Highlights
Megha won the prize along with two contributors.
She has won Prize for innovative investigative reports exposing infrastructure of prisons and mass
internment camps which were built secretly by China and detained Muslims in Xinjiang region.
Other two winners are Tampa Bay Times’ Neil Bedi who won for local reporting and Kathleen McGrory
who has been awarded for series exposing a Sheriff’s Office initiative which used computer modelling
to identify some 1000 people who could be future criminals.
Pulitzer Prize
This prize is awarded since 1942 for a distinguished example of reporting on international affairs. Till 1947,
this award was called as Pulitzer Prize for Telegraphic Reporting – International. It is an award for
achievements in newspaper, magazine and online journalism, musical composition and literature within the
United States. It was established by provisions in the will of Joseph Pulitzer. These prizes are awarded
yearly in twenty-one categories. Winners receive a certificate and a US$15,000 cash award.
Megha Rajagopalan
She is a journalist who won Pulitzer Prize for International Reporting 2021 on her reports on China’s mass
detention camps for Uighurs Muslims in Xinjiang Province. She had graduated in 2008 from Philip Merrill
College of Journalism at University of Maryland.
World Day Against Child Labour 2021
World Day against Child Labour was observed on June 12 to raise awareness regarding detrimental
consequences of the Child Labour.
Theme
The day was celebrated under theme- ‘Act Now: End Child Labour.’
Child Labour
Child labour is always-evolving menace which the world is dealing since ages. Factories and companies
across the world employ young children to carry out manual labour which can be harmful at times. As per
International Labour Organization (ILO), child labour ‘reinforces intergenerational poverty, threatens national
economy and undercuts rights guaranteed by Convention on Rights of the Child.’

About World Day against Child Labour

It is a holiday sanctioned by International Labour Organization (ILO). The day was first launched in 2002
with the aim of raising awareness and activism to prevent child labour. It was rooted on by ratifying ILO
Convention No. 138 on minimum age for employment and ILO Convention No. 182 on worst forms of child
labour. The day is held every year in a bid to foster movement against child labour worldwide. It brings
together governments, local authorities, civil society, workers and employers’ organizations to put forward
child labour problem and define guidelines to help child labourers.
New Policy for Declassification of War Histories
Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has approved a policy on declassification of War histories.
Key Points about new policy
Under this policy, Ministry of Defence (MoD) will archive, declassify, compile and publish war and
operations histories.
However, declassification of older wars like of 1962 war is not automatic.
Declassification will be taken up on case-by-case basis by a committee which will be constituted
under the new policy.
As per policy, records should ordinarily be declassified in 25 years.
Records which are older than 25 years should be appraised by archival experts and transferred to
National Archives of India after histories of war or operations have been compiled.
Will all reports on wars be public?
Committee will take a view on earlier wars and operations. Compiled history on wars and operations will be
consumed internally first, within five years. After that, the committee may decide to publicly release whole
or parts of it based on the sensitivity of subject.
About Committee to be constituted
As per policy, a committee will be constituted which will be headed by Joint Secretary of MoD. It will
comprise of representatives of Services, Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Ministry of External Affairs (MEA)
and prominent military historians for compilation of war & operations histories. History Division of the
committee will be responsible to coordinate with various departments while compiling, for approval &
publishing of war and operations histories.
Background
Proposal of having war histories written with clear cut policy on declassification was recommended by
Kargil Review Committee headed by K Subrahmanyam and N.N. Vohra Committee to analyse lessons learnt
and prevent future mistakes.
Who was Margherita Hack?
On June 12, 2021 Google Doodle celebrated Italian astrophysicist and scientific disseminator Margherita
Hack using an animated graphic on her 99th birth anniversary. The doodle shows “Hack sitting on her chair
and looking into her telescope”.
Who was Margherita Hack?
Margherita Hack was an Italian astrophysicist and scientific disseminator. She discovered asteroid 8558
Hack in 1995 which was named in her honour. She was born on June 12, 1922, in Florence. In between 1964
to 1992, she was full professor of astronomy at the University of Trieste. She was the first Italian woman to
administrate Trieste Astronomical Observatory. She worked at many American and European observatories
and was a member of working groups of European Space Agency (ESA) as well as NASA. She died in 2013
when she was 91.
Awards and honours
Margherita Hack was awarded with Targa Giuseppe Piazzi in 1994 for her scientific research. She also

received Cortina Ulisse Prize for scientific dissemination in 1995. She was honoured with title of Dama di
Gran Croce, which is the highest award given by Italian government.
UN conference on Desertification, Land Degradation and Drought
Prime Minister Narendra Modi is all set to address a high-level virtual conference on desertification, land
degradation and drought at UN on 14th June 2021.
Key points
This conference will be convened by President of 75th session of General Assembly, Volkan Bozkir.
PM Modi was President of 14th session of Conference of the Parties to United Nations Convention to
Combat Desertification (UNCCD COP14 President) at New Delhi in 2019 in which Delhi declaration
was adopted to encourage transition and increase access to energy in rural & urban communities
with the aim of combating desertification, land degradation and drought.
During this year’s session, representatives from international organisations and civil society groups
will address the conference with aim of assessing the progress made in fighting land degradation.
They will also map way forward on global efforts to revive and restore healthy land.
Why land degradation is cause of concern?
As per United Nations, one-fifth of earth’s land area (more than 2 billion hectares) worldwide is degraded. It
also includes more than half of all agricultural land. If land degradation continues with this pace and we do
not change how we manage soil, over 90 percent land would be degraded by 2050. This will negatively
impact one-fifth of the planet’s land area and livelihoods of 3.2 billion people, which accounts for 40
percent of global population. Land degradation also accelerates climate change & biodiversity loss and
contributes to droughts, wildfires, involuntary migration & emergence of zoonotic infectious diseases. Thus,
this conference becomes significance to raise awareness and initiate preventive measures.
Novak Djokovic clinches French open Men's Singles title
Novak Djokovic has won his 19th Grand Slam title in French open 2021 in Men’s single category at Roland
Garros in Paris.
Key facts
He won this title after coming back from 2 sets down against 5th seed Stefanos Tsitsipas.
Djokovic won the title winning Grand Slam final debutant by 6-7 (6), 2-6, 6-3, 6-2, 6-4.
He played 18 sets since his fourth-round match.
He has become the first man in Open Era to win all 4 Grand Slams at least twice.
He is the third man to win all Grand Slams after Roy Emerson and Rod Laver.
Novak Djokovic
Born on 22 May 1987, Novak is a Serbian professional tennis player who is currently ranked as world No. 1
by Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP). He has been No. 1 for record total of 325 weeks. He has
won 19 Grand Slam men’s singles titles and 84 ATP singles titles. It also includes a record nine Australian
Open titles and a record 36 Masters events which he shares with Rafael Nadal. He is the only player who
have won all Big Titles on all four Grand Slam tournaments, all nine ATP Masters events and ATP Finals.
French Open
French Open, also known as Roland Garros, is a major tennis tournament organised for two weeks at Stade
Roland-Garros in Paris, France. It starts in late May each year. Tournament and venue have been after
French aviator Roland Garros. It is a clay court tennis championship tournament.
PROJECT O2 for INDIA
Office of Principal Scientific Adviser to Government has initiated ”Project O2 for India” with the aim of
ensuring supply of critical raw materials like zeolites, Manufacturing of compressors and setting up of
small oxygen plants.

Background
This project was initiated in aftermath of second wave of COVID-19 which witnessed an increase in demand
for medical oxygen across the country. Thus, it is important to meet the current demand as well as
manufacture medical oxygen to ensure adequate supply of oxygen for future needs.
About Project O2 for India
This project has been launched by office of Principal Scientific Adviser to enable stakeholders who are
working to augment India’s ability to meet surge in demand for medical oxygen. Under the project, a
National Consortium of Oxygen will be set up which would enable adequate national level supply of critical
raw materials like zeolites. It would also set up small oxygen plants, manufacture compressors and final
products like oxygen plants, concentrators & ventilators. Consortium will look forward to provide immediate
short-term relief as well as work to strengthen manufacturing ecosystem in long-term.
Committee of experts
Committee of experts has been constituted to evaluate critical equipment like concentrators, oxygen plants
and ventilators from India-based start-ups, manufacturers and Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
Manufacturing and supply consortium
It includes Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Tata Consulting Engineers (TCE), IIT Kanpur, IIT Delhi, IIT
Hyderabad, IIT Bombay and more than 40 MSMEs.
M.P. to launch 'Yuva Shakti Corona Mukti Abhiyan’
Madhya Pradesh will launch ‘Yuva Shakti Corona Mukti Abhiyan’ to raise awareness among people on
covid-19 pandemic.
Yuva Shakti Corona Mukti Abhiyan
Yuva Shakti Corona Mukti Abhiyan means “free from corona with the help of youth power campaign”.
Under the campaign, college teachers and about16 lakh students will be made aware of covid-19
infection by teaching them Covid appropriate behaviour and vaccination.
Campaign will be run by Higher Education and Technical Education Department in association with
Public Health and Family Welfare Department.
For effective real time monitoring of campaign, mobile app has also been developed.
Covid-19 cases in Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh is at 26th position in India in terms of corona infection. State is witnessing less than 500
cases in 24 hours for some days now. Not a single case has been reported in twenty districts. Bhopal,
Indore and Jabalpur witnessed cases in double digits. State is carrying about 80 thousand tests daily while
the recovery rate has reached 98.3 percent.
Naftali Bennett: New Prime Minister of Israel
49-year-old, Naftali Bennett has become new Prime Minister of Israel. He is a religious-nationalist and a
multi-millionaire former tech entrepreneur who has also served as defence minister. With this win, he has
ended 12 unbroken years of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu at the helm.
Who is Naftali Bennett?
He is son of American-born parents who speaks perfect English. He is a religious Jew who began life with
his parents in Haifa. He kept moving between North America and Israel for military service, law school and
private sector. He is an ultra-nationalist and & hard-right leader. He served in elite Sayeret Matkal
commando unit after which he went to law school at Hebrew University. He co-founded an anti-fraud
software company called Cyota in 1999. Cyota was sold to U.S.-based RSA Security in 2005.
What drove Bennett to politics?
Bennett had a bitter experience of Israel’s 2006 war against Lebanese militant group Hezbollah. This
incident drove him to politics.

How Israel’s relation with India will change now?

India and Israel share a strong bilateral tie since 1950 with Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru reiterating his
position to recognise Israel as a state. Presently, India is the largest buyer of Israeli military equipment
while Israel is second-largest defence supplier to India after Russia. India is the third-largest Asian trade
partner and tenth-largest trade partner overall of Israel. India’s relationship with Israel has grew during
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s administration even though India abstaining from voting against Israel in
United Nations on several resolutions. It is expected to grow with same pace in new regime as well.
UNICEF Study on Ethiopia's Malnourished Children
UN Children’s agency, UNICEF has warned about 33,000 severely malnourished children in Tigray region of
Ethiopia who are at high risk of death.
Background
Tigray region has been devastated because of fighting between government forces and rebels in which
about 1.7 million people displaced since conflict started in November 2020.
UNICEF Study
UN-backed study found that 353,000 people in Tigray region were living in severe crisis while
Ethiopian government nullify the finding and says aid is getting through.
As per UNICEF, food situation in region has reached to level of a catastrophe. It is defined as
starvation and death affecting small groups of people over large areas.
About 33,000 young children and babies are close to sickness and potential death from malnutrition.
Two million people are classed as on brink of severe crisis.
Ceasefire
United States and European Union have jointly asked all warring parties to agree for a ceasefire and to allow
aid to reach millions who are in need. They urged to prevent large-scale famine by means of a ceasefire.
What is the issue?
In November 2020, Prime Minister of Ethiopia Abiy Ahmed, had ordered ground and air military operation in
Tigray. Operations were launched after accusing Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) (one the Ruling
party) of attacking on federal army camps. This conflict has killed about thousands of people and left about
five million in need of aid. Actual tensions between Ethiopian government and Tigray People’s Liberation
Front started with appointment of Abiy Ahmed as prime minister of country in 2018.
44th GST Council Meeting
th
44 meeting of Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council was chaired by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman
on June 12, 2021. Several changes in GST rate have been made which would be applicable till September
30, 2021.
What decisions were taken?
As per the Finance Minister, GST Council has accepted recommendations of Group of Ministers
(GoM) which was set up to look on tax relief on Covid-19 medical supplies.
Following the recommendations, GST rate for ambulances has been reduced from 28 percent to 12
percent.
GST rate for COVID-19 testing kits, medical-grade oxygen and ventilator have been reduced from 12
percent to 5 percent.
Rate on hand sanitisers has been reduced from 18 percent to 5 percent.
For temperature check equipment, rate was reduced from 18 percent to 5 percent.
5% GST tax will be applicable on pulse oximeters, including personal imports, from earlier 12 percent.
On specified inflammatory diagnostic kits was reduced from 12 percent to 5 percent.
GST rates on gas or electric or other furnaces used in crematorium including the installation charges

has been reduced to 5% from 18%.

No GST rate would be imposed on Covid-19 related drugs including Tocilizumab and Amphotericin B.
Earlier it was kept at 5 percent.
GST rates on anticoagulants such as Heparin and Remdesivir have been cut to 5 percent from 12
percent.
5% tax would be applied on ventilator masks or cannula or helmets.
Background
Last meeting of GST Council was held on May 28, 2021 which had recommended full exemption from IGST
on several specified COVID-19 related goods like medical oxygen, oxygen concentrators etc. Following the
meeting, Council decided to constitute a Group of Ministers (GoM) to recommend on rates for individual
items.
3D-printed Masks Coated with Anti-Viral Agents Developed by Pune-based firm
A Pune-based start-up firm, Thincr Technologies India Private Limited, has developed an 3D-printed Masks
coated with anti-viral agents called virucides.
About 3D-printed masks
Firm has integrated 3D printing and pharmaceuticals to produce a novel type of mask which attacks
virus when viral particles come in contact with it.
Masks are coated with anti-viral agents known as virucides.
Virucidal mask project is among earliest projects that have been selected for commercialization
by Technology Development Board (TDB), which is a statutory body of Department of Science and
Technology.
These cost-effective masks are more effective in containing spread of COVID-19 as compared to
ordinary N-95, 3-ply and cloth masks.
Background
This project received financial support from TDB in May 2020 for finding a novel solution to fight COVID-19.
In July 2020, an agreement was signed to develop the masks
How masks were developed?
Masks were developed with support from Merck Life Sciences. Coating formulation has been utilized to
coat fabric layer and 3D printing principle was employed to bring uniformity of coating. This coated layer
can be incorporated as an additional layer in other masks. Masks comprises of reusable filters, developed
using 3D printing.
What is Operation Olivia?
Recently, Coast Guard have enforced laws and started operation Olivia to protect Olive Ridley turtles in
Odisha
What is Operation Olivia?
Operation Olivia was started by the Indian Coast Guard (ICG), first in early 1980s. This operation helps in
protecting Olive Ridley turtles every year when they start nesting along Odisha coast for breeding in months
of November to December. Under it, round-the-clock surveillance is conducted from November till May
through Coast Guard assets like Fast patrol vessels, Interceptor craft, Air cushion vessels and Dornier
aircraft.
Current scenario
In between November 2020 to May 2021, Coast Guard has devoted 225 ship days and 388 aircraft hours.
They have protected 3.49 lakh turtles.
Who enforces these laws?
These laws and operation are enforced by the Coast Guard which gets power under Orissa Marine Fisheries

Act. Efforts are made at various levels such as:

1. Enforcement of use of Turtle Excluder Devices (TED) by trawlers in waters surrounding nesting areas.
2. Prohibition of using gill nets as turtle approaches to the shore to curtail turtle poaching.
About Olive Ridley
Olive Ridley turtles are listed as vulnerable under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red
List. Sea turtles found in India have been included in Schedule I of Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. They
are also listed in Appendix I of Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) of Wild
Fauna and Flora. Their mass nesting is called as arribada. Gahirmatha, Astaranga coast, mouth of Devi river
and Rushikulya are four arribadas sites off the Odisha Coast in India. Apart from that, Hope Island of
Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh is also preferred for mass nesting.
India begins 'Extension of Hospitals' Project
India has started “Extension of Hospitals” project in several states to bridge the gap in major health
infrastructure to fight against Covid-19 in India.
Key points
Project will run especially in rural areas and smaller towns.
Modular hospitals are an extension of hospital infrastructure.
It will be built adjacent to existing hospital building.
What is the need of this project?
Amid the second wave of Covid-19, hospitals infrastructures were under immense pressure. Thus,
innovative modular hospitals will be coming up as huge relief.
Project ‘Extension Hospitals’
To initiate the project, Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (PSA) has invited private sector companies,
donor organizations, and individuals. They will support the initiative along with several other projects of
national importance. About 50 hospitals have been selected across the states where highest number of
Covid-19 cases were reported.
MediCAB Hospitals
MediCAB hospitals have been developed by Modulus Housing which is a start-up incubated at IIT-M. This
will enable building a 100-bedded extension facility within 3-weeks. MediCAB hospitals have been designed
with a dedicated zone of Intensive Care Units (ICUs) which can accommodate several life-support
equipment and medical devices. These portable hospitals have durability of around 25 years. They can be
shifted for any disaster response in less than a week in future.
First phase of project
Under the first phase, 100 bedded hospitals will be commissioned at Bilaspur in Chhattisgarh; Amravati,
Pune & Jalna in Maharashtra; Mohali in Punjab while, 20-bed hospital will be established at Raipur in
Chhattisgarh. One each of 20, 50, and 100-beds will be commissioned in Bengaluru.
June 15, 2021
Raja Parba- Odisha's Famous Festival
Raja Parba festival has started being celebrated in Odisha on June 14, 2021. It is a 3-day festival that
celebrates womanhood.
Key Points
It is believed that, during this period Mother Earth menstruates and prepares herself for future
agricultural activities as the monsoon arrives.
This festival is synonymous with varieties of cakes (pithas). Thus, Odisha Tourism Development
Corporation (OTDC) has also launched a special programme named ‘Pitha on Wheels’.
During 3 days, women don’t work.

About Raja Parba

Raja Parba is also known as Mithuna Sankranti. It is a three-day-long festival of celebrating womanhood in
Odisha. Second day of the festival marks the beginning of solar month of Mithuna, on which season of rains
starts. It is believed that mother Goddess Earth undergoes menstruation during first three days. Fourth day
is called Vasumati Snana or ceremonial bath of Bhudevi. Name Raja came from Sanskrit word ‘Rajas’ which
means menstruation. When a woman menstruates, she is called ‘Rajaswala’ or a menstruating woman. This
festival became more popular in medieval time as an agricultural holiday marking worship of Bhudevi.
When and how it is celebrated?
This festival falls in mid-June. First day is called Pahili Raja, second day is Mithuna Sankranti while the third
day is Bhudaaha or Basi Raja. Final fourth day is called Basumati snana on which ladies bath the grinding
stone as a symbol of Bhumi with turmeric paste. All type of seasonal fruits is offered to Bhumi. Day before
first day is called Sajabaja, during which house, kitchen including grinding stones are cleaned and spices
are ground for three days. Women and girls take rest from work.
World Blood Donor Day
World Blood Donor Day was observed on June 14 with the aim of creating awareness about need for safe
blood and life-saving components of blood which is required for transfusion.
Theme of day 2021
This year, world blood donor day is being celebrated under theme- “Give blood and keep the world beating”.
Background
World Blood Donor Day is held on June 14, every year. First ever event was organised in 2005 as a joint
initiative of World Health Organization, International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
The days seeks to raise awareness regarding the need for safe blood and blood products. World Blood
Donor Day is one among 11 official global public health campaigns marked by WHO. Other 10 events are
World Health Day, World Tuberculosis Day, World Chagas Disease Day, World Immunization Week, World
Malaria Day, World Patient Safety Day, World Hepatitis Day, World No Tobacco Day, World Health Day and
World Antimicrobial Awareness Week.
Why is it celebrated on 14th June?
World Blood Donor Day is celebrated on 14th June to mark birthday anniversary of Karl Landsteiner who was
born on June 14, 1868. Landsteiner was awarded with Nobel Prize for his discovery of ABO blood group
system.
Jivan Vayu: IIT Ropar’s power- free CPAP device
Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar has developed a device ‘Jivan Vayu’ as a substitute for CPAP
(Continuous positive airway pressure) machine.
About Jivan Vayu
This device functions even without electricity.
It is adapted to both kinds of oxygen generation units namely, O2 cylinders and oxygen pipelines in
hospitals.
Apart from fulfilling all medically required parameters, this device is leak-proof and having low-cost.
It has been designed for a 22mm CPAP closed-circuit tube.
Device can even be customised as per size of the tube.
As the device runs during power failures, it can be used to safely transport a patient.
It has been manufactured using 3D printing and has been tested mechanically.
Device can deliver high flow oxygen (20–60 LPM) and can maintain a continuous positive pressure of
up to 20 cm H2O.
It has been designed to maintain a FiO2 of above 40 per cent and PEEP (positive end-expiratory

pressure) of 5-20 cm H2O.

Viral Filter
Jivan Vayu has an inbuilt viral filter at air entrainment end, with viral efficacy of 99.99 per cent. This filter
ensures that air does not bring in any pathogens from environment.
Why it was developed?
This device was need of the hour amid the covid-19 pandemic when power supply is a key concern for
saving lives of those who are on medical equipment like ventilators and oxygen concentrators.
Mandatory Hallmarking of Gold Jewellery
Government will implement mandatory hallmarking of gold jewellery and artefacts from June 15, 2021.
Highlights
Earlier this deadline was June 1, which was extended by a fortnight because of Covid-19 pandemic.
To ensure proper coordination and resolve issues while implementation, a committee headed by
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Director-General Pramod Tewari has been established.
What is Gold Hallmarking?
Gold hallmarking is a purity certification for precious metal. Presently, gold hallmarking is voluntary.
Currently, 40 % of the gold jewellery is being hallmarked.
Why Hallmarking is mandatory now?
Government has launched mandatory hallmarking of gold with the aim of ensuring consumers do not get
cheated while buying ornaments. Mandatory hallmarking will protect public against lower caratage and it
will ensure consumers get purity as marked on jewellery. Thus, from 15 June 2021, jewellers will only be
allowed to sell gold jewellery of 14, 18 and 22 carats. Registration process has been made online and
automatic.
Hallmarking scheme
BIS is already running the hallmarking scheme for gold jewellery since April 2000. Government had
announced mandatory hallmarking of gold jewellery & artefacts in November 2019.
Current scenario
According to World Gold Council, India has about 4 lakh jewellers. Out of them only 35,879 have been BIS
certified. There has been 25 per cent increase in assaying and hallmarking centres in last five years. With
the existing capacity, 14 crore articles can be hallmarked in a year.
RBI expands Scope of BBPS
Reserve Bank of India on has expanded the scope of Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS) which will be
effective from August 31, 2021.
How scope has been expanded?
Scope of BBPS has been expanded by adding ‘mobile prepaid recharges’ as a biller category. This move will
help millions of prepaid phone subscribers across India.
Background
Scope and coverage of BBPS were expanded in September 2019 which then included all categories of billers
raising recurring bills as eligible participants voluntarily. It did not included billers of mobile prepaid
recharges. Before 2019, facility of payment of recurring bills through BBPS was available only to five
sectors viz, direct to home (DTH), gas, electricity, water and telecom.
Bharat Bill Payment System (BBPS)
BBPS, functioning under National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI), is an integrated bill payment
system offering interoperable bill payment service to customers online and through a network of agents on
ground. It provides for multiple payment modes and instant confirmation of payment.

National Payments Corporation of India

NPCI is an umbrella organisation that operates retail payments and settlement systems under the
ownership of Reserve Bank of India. this not-for-profit organisation was founded in December 2008. It is
registered under Section 8 of Companies Act 2013.
Shenzhou-12: China's First Human Spaceflight since 2016
Chinese spacecraft, Shenzhou-19, will blast off from Gobi Desert on a Long March rocket soon. Spacecraft
will ferry three men to an orbiting space module where they will stay for three-month. This will be the first
time China will send humans into space since 2016.
Highlights
Shenzhou-12 means Divine Vessel. It will be third out of 11 missions that China needs to complete China’s
space station by 2022. Out of 11, four will be missions with people on board. Thus, a total of 12 Chinese
astronauts will go into space.
About Shenzhou-12 Mission
This human spaceflight will also carry into space the hopes of some in Earth’s most populous nation.
Shenzhou-12 crew will live on the Tianhe which is a cylinder having 16.6 metres length and 4.2 metres
diameter. Crew will stay in space for three months, breaking its own record of 30 days stay in 2016 mission.
Background
Chinese astronauts have relatively low international profile currently because United States law banned
NASA from any connection with China. Thus, Chinese astronauts have not been to International Space
Station for more-than-two-decade. Thus, China is launching several space missions with the aim of
becoming a major spacefaring power by 2030. Recently, in May 2021 it became second country to put a
rover on Mars.
World Giving Index 2021
According to World Giving Index 2021 report, India is 14th most charitable country across the world.
Highlights
As per the report, COVID-19 pandemic has further increased the ‘giving’ trends worldwide.
This report is released by Charities Aid Foundation (CAF).
2021 survey highlights the impact of lockdowns on charitable giving.
As per the report, India is among Top 20 most generous countries across the globe.
India’s rank has improved from its earlier 10-year global rank of 82.
Australia and New Zealand maintains their top 10 rankings.
Report highlights, communities across the world mobilised to help fellow citizens during covid-19
pandemic. It resulted in highest ‘helped a stranger’ numbers since 2009.
About 3 billion people, which accounts for 55 percent of world’s adults, reported helping someone
they didn’t know in 2020.
Score of India has rapidly improved between 2017 & 2019 and continued to improve during 2020.
This improvement in India was observed across all age groups and both the genders.
According to the report, 61 percent of Indians helped strangers, 34 per cent volunteered for good
cause while 36 percent donated money.
World Giving Index (WGI)
WGI is a global survey. It has interviewed more than 1.6 million people since 2009. It conducts surveys by
asking three questions: have they helped a stranger, given money, or volunteered for good cause in recent
month.

NATO Summit 2021

st
31 formal meeting of heads of government of NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation) was held on June
14, 2021 in Brussels, Belgium. NATO summit 2021 is also being dubbed as Brussels summit of NATO.
Agenda of the meeting
NATO Leaders discussed key issues, took decisions about future of NATO and agreed on concrete
measures to adapt NATO in accordance with NATO 2030 agenda. Topics of discussion include NATO’s role
in changing geostrategic environment, emerging technologies, collective defence, climate change and
security.
About North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NATO, also called as North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance of 30 European and
North American countries. NATO implements North Atlantic Treaty which was signed in 1949. It comprises
of a system of collective defence where independent member states agree for mutual defence in case of
any attack by external party. Headquarter of NATO is located at Haren in Brussels, Belgium.
Members of NATO
Originally, NATO had 12 members which has increased to 30 now. Most recent member state is North
Macedonia which was added to organisation on March 27, 2020. Aspiring members include- Bosnia &
Herzegovina, Georgia, and Ukraine.
Military Spending of NATO
Combined military spending of NATO members was over 57% of global nominal total in 2020. Members
have aim of reaching or maintaining the target defence spending of at least 2% of their GDP by 2024.
India Interagency Expert Committee on Malaria and Climate (IEC)
India Meteorological Department (IMD) and Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) have partnered with
“Malaria No More” which is a non-governmental organisation.
Key Points
IMD & ICMR launched an expert committee to explore and advance climate-based solutions to
eliminate malaria in India, in collaboration with “Malaria NO More”.
Committee is being called as “India Interagency Expert Committee on Malaria and Climate (IEC)”.
About IEC
IEC is part of a global initiative called “Forecasting Healthy Futures” which seeks to develop data-informed
strategies & policies to improve health outcomes. It will focus on improving models to combat Malaria. IEC
will comprise of leading experts & researchers from health, climate and technology fields. They will help in
defining and operationalizing sophisticated climate-based malaria prediction tools. These tools will be
tailored to Indian context in order to boost progress toward India’s goal of eliminating malaria by 2030.
Function of Committee
Committee will help in combining meteorological information with information from health sector to
examine micro-trends and predict malaria patterns. This can strengthen India’s efforts.
Role of ICMR
ICMR will provide scientific information to develop robust and scalable use cases to combat vector borne
diseases.
Role of “Malaria No More”
Malaria No More will help in producing data-driven solutions, through its weather-based prediction model, to
plan for national malaria prevention campaigns, test and treatment.
Great Indian Bustards and related conflict with Power Lines
The Great Indian Bustards are making it slow to manoeuvre while flying. They have poor frontal vision and a
habit of scanning earth while flying over flat grasslands across western borders of India. As a result, they

often collide with power lines.

What is the issue?
Wide-open regions are home to Indian Bustard. These regions are also an ideal location for wind and solar
projects. As a result, Indian Bustard are coming in way of renewable energy sources. Efforts to save bustard
could set back India’s climate goals, which depend heavily on availability of such wasteland.
WII survey
As per Wildlife institute of India (WII), 80 kilometres of power lines across Thar desert region Rajasthan had
led to death of four bustard deaths during a single year because of high-transmission wires. Birds died
because of impact of collision or electrocution.
SC’s order
In a bid to protect great Indian bustard from flying into power lines, of 20 gigawatts of awarded solar & wind
projects, Supreme Court had asked the companies to install these powers lines underground. But this
directive would cost an extra expense of $4 billion.
Great Indian bustards
In Old French, Great Indian Bustards means “slow bird”. They are heaviest flying creatures on earth. They
are 1 meter tall with a wing span of about 2 meters. They weigh about 18 kilograms. They are found on
Indian subcontinent. As per an estimate their number has reduced from 250 in 2011 to 150 in 2018. Thus,
they have been listed in “critically endangered” species by birdlife international and are protected under
Wildlife Protection Act 1972 of India.
India exports GI certified ‘Jardalu’ Mangoes to UK
Bihar exported the first commercial consignment of GI certified Jardalu mangoes from Bhagalpur to the
United Kingdom. Jardalu mangoes from Bhagalpur district were given GI certification in 2018.
Highlights
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority, (APEDA) in collaboration with
Bihar government, Indian High Commission & Invest India, exported Jardalu mangoes. Mangoes were
packed and treated at APEDA packhouse in Lucknow.
How APEDA has been contributing towards export?
APEDA has initiated measures to boost mango exports from non-traditional regions. It has been
conducting virtual buyer-seller meets and festival in a bid to promote mango exports.
It organised mango festival in Berlin, Germany and in Japan in collaboration with Indian embassies.
It also organised a week-long Indian mango promotion programme in Bahrain in which 16 varieties of
Mango including three GI certified varieties (Khirsapati & Lakshmanbhog from West Bengal and
Jardalu from Bihar) were displayed.
In May 2021, APEDA in association with Indian embassy, Seoul and Indian Chamber of Commerce in
Korea, organised a Virtual Buyer Seller Meet to provide a platform for exporters & importers of
mangoes from India and South Korea.
Thus, Mangoes are processed by APEDA packhouse facilities and exported to several countries viz,
Middle-east, USA, European Union, Japan and South Korea.
Mango Production in India
Mango are referred to as king of fruits. They are also referred to as Kalpavriksha (wish granting tree) in
ancient scriptures. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka have a major share in total
production of Mango.
Researchers developed improved method of imaging objects through fog
Researchers from Raman Research Institute (RRI), Space Applications Centre, Shiv Nadar University in
Gautam Buddha Nagar and Université Rennes & Université Paris-Saclay of France have modulated light

source and demodulated them at observer’s end to achieve sharper images.

Key Points
With this technique, imaging of objects during foggy weather may now be clearer, as this method can
improve images captured on foggy days.
This technique involves modulation of light source and demodulation at observer’s end.
Background
Researchers have long attempted to use physics of scattering and computer algorithms to process resulting
data and improve quality of images. But computer algorithms require processing of large volumes of data
increasing storage and processing time.
About the technique
Researchers selected ten red LED lights as source of light. They modulated this source of light by varying
current flowing through LEDs at a rate of about 15 cycles per second. A camera was installed at a distance
of 150 metres from the LEDs, which captured image and transmitted it to desktop computer. Then,
computer algorithms used knowledge of modulation frequency to extract characteristics of the source. This
process is dubbed as ‘demodulation’.
Significance of technique
This technique is cost effective as it requires only a few LEDs and an ordinary desktop computer. It can
improve landing techniques of aeroplanes by providing pilot with a good view of beacons across the
runway. It is better than relying only on reflected radio waves. This method can also reveal obstacles in path
which are otherwise hidden by fog in rail, sea, and road transportation. It can help in identifying lighthouse
beacons.
UN Trade Forum 2021
While speaking at UN Trade Forum 2021, Union Minister Piyush Goyal has said, India’s per-capita carbon
dioxide emission is lowest amongst big economies.
Highlights
India has an ambitious renewable energy target of 450 Gigawatts by 2030. It shows India’s
commitment towards United Nations 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development and Sustainable
Development Goals.
He highlighted that, Climate justice should be protected and developed countries should reconsider
their pattern of consumption to bring about a sustainable lifestyle.
According to minister, India has taken several steps on clean energy, energy efficiency, afforestation
and bio-diversity.
India has also encouraged global initiatives such as International Solar Alliance and coalition for
Disaster Resilient Infrastructure.
About UN Trade Forum
UN Trade Forum was established as a space for dialogue on how trade can be harnessed to get a
prosperous, inclusive and sustainable world.
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
SDG are collection of 17 interlinked global goals which are designed to be a blueprint of achieving a better
and more sustainable future for all. SDGs were set up in 2015 by United Nations General Assembly. They are
intended to be achieved by 2030. SDGs are included in UN Resolution called “2030 Agenda” these goals
were developed in Post-2015 Development Agenda as future global development framework and replaced
the Millennium Development Goals which ended in 2015.
New Zealand to launch World's First Wooden Satellite
European Space Agency (ESA) will launch world’s first wooden satellite called WISA Woodsat in Earth’s

orbit by the end of 2021.

WISA Woodsat
will be launched to test the applicability of wooden materials such as plywood in spacecraft structures.
Mission will expose wooden materials to extreme space conditions like heat, cold, vacuum and radiation.
Wooden satellite will be launched to space by end of 2021 with a Rocket Lab Electron rocket. It will be
launched from Mahia Peninsula launch complex in New Zealand. Satellite has been designed and built in
Finland.
Features of satellite
Satellite will orbit at around 500-600 km altitude in polar Sun-synchronous orbit. It is a10x10x10 cm nano
satellite which was built up using standardised boxes and surface panels of plywood, which is usually found
in hardware store and are used to make furniture. Wood have been placed in a thermal vacuum chamber to
keep dry when it is in space. Thin layer of aluminium oxide has been applied to it to minimise vapour
coming from wood and to protect it from erosive effects of atomic oxygen. The non-wooden external parts
of satellite are corner aluminium rails which will be used for its deployment into space and a metal selfie
stick.
120 Multiple Choice Questions
The below MCQs are select 120 questions sourced from GKToday’s Current Affairs 2021 Daily 20 MCQ
Series in GKToday Academy Android Application.
1. The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has approved eight names for features on the Moon,
in which language?
[A] English
[B] Chinese
[C] Spanish
[D] French
Answer: Chinese
The International Astronomical Union (IAU) has approved eight Chinese names for features around the
area on the Moon Last year, China's spacecraft Chang'e-5 probe landed near those places to collect
samples from the lunar surface and return to Earth. China has been naming geographical entities on the
Moon since 2010.
2. Dal Lake, which was seen in the news, is situated in which city/town of Jammu & Kashmir?
[A] Srinagar
[B] Jammu
[C] Anantnag
[D] Leh
Answer: Srinagar
Dal is a lake in Srinagar city, the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir. It is also called as the “Jewel in
the crown of Kashmir”. Recently, illegal constructions have been reported in the lake. The Lakes and
Water Ways Development Authority (LAWDA), has demolished more than 170 illegal structures around
the lake, in the last three months.
3. Little Bloodtail, which is considered as a harbinger of monsoon, belong to which type of species?
[A] Humming Bird
[B] Dragonfly
[C] Frog
[D] Turtle

Answer: Dragonfly
Little Bloodtail is a small dragonfly, which has wide presence in the state of Kerala. This species of
dragonfly can be spotted from the beginning of June till September. Since the life cycle of little bloodtail
is very closely linked with monsoon, they are considered as a harbinger of monsoon (which announces
the arrival of an event).
4. White Monument, which was making news is a 4,000-year-old war memorial, located in which
country?
[A] Japan
[B] China
[C] Syria
[D] Israel
Answer: Syria
As per a new study, a 4,000-year-old war memorial known as the ‘White Monument’ in Syria was built to
honour soldiers who died in battle. The White Monument, was first excavated several years ago, is found
to be built above layers of buried adult males, may have been a memorial to the community's dead,
rather than a symbol of victory over the enemy.
5. Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is being developed by which country?
[A] Japan
[B] USA
[C] Russia
[D] Israel
Answer: USA
Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is NASA's new next-generation space telescope, which is
currently under development. Formerly known as Wide Field Infrared Survey Telescope, it is named after
NASA's first Chief of Astronomy, as the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope. Recently, NASA
announced that thousands of exploding stars called supernovae are to observed through this telescope.
6. Which state has launched the initiative named ‘Mission Fateh 2.0’?
[A] Uttar Pradesh
[B] Rajasthan
[C] Haryana
[D] Punjab
Answer: Punjab
The State Government of Punjab has launched an initiative named Mission Fateh 2.0, which is a part of
Corona Mukt Punjab Abhiyan. Under this initiative, the state government has directed to form a group of
7 “Rural Corona Volunteers” (RCV) per village or per municipal ward, under the aegis of the state’s
Department of Sports and Youth Affairs.
7. Indian Army is planning to lease “Heron TP drones” from which country?
[A] USA
[B] Russia
[C] China
[D] Israel
Answer: Israel
The Indian Army has planned to lease Israel’s Heron TP drones and deploy the same along the Line of
Actual Control (LAC). This decision comes in the wake of ongoing tensions between India and China
along the LAC and these drones would be deployed to monitor the activities of Chinese troops.

Akansh Jain | akanshjain140@gmail.com |
8. Which country has introduced a new legislation named as EAGLE Act?
[A] India
[B] USA
[C] Russia
[D] UK
Answer: USA
A bill named “Ensuring American Global Leadership and Engagement" or EAGLE Act has been moved in
the USA’s legislative body. This bill is seen as a counter to the policy challenges posed by China. The bill
seeks for increased investment to promote US manufacturing, trade and seeks for increased US
intervention to Taiwan and Hong Kong.
9. What is the name for the undersea power cable project between Germany and Norway?
[A] Sea Link
[B] NordLink
[C] Power Line
[D] New Cable
Answer: NordLink
Germany and Norway have opened the operations of a 623-kilometer undersea power cable between the
two countries. This project is called the NordLink and is aimed to exchange green energy between the
two countries. The project has cost more than $2.2 billion and is seen as a major initiative to shift to
green energy.
10. Which Indian organisation has developed near-isothermal forging technology for producing jet
engine components?
[A] ISRO
[B] DRDO
[C] BARC
[D] HAL
Answer: DRDO
India’s premier research institution – the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has
announced that it has developed near-isothermal forging technology, for production of high-pressure
compressor (HPC) discs, used in jet engines. These discs are made of titanium alloy, using a unique
2000 MT (metric tonne) isothermal forge press, which even technology rich countries like China are
struggling to achieve.
11. As a Covid distress mitigating measure, PSBs in India announced to provide unsecured loans to
individuals up to which amount?
[A] Rs 1 lakh
[B] Rs 2 lakh
[C] Rs 5 lakh
[D] Rs 25 lakh
Answer: Rs 5 lakh
As a measure to mitigate the distress caused due to COVID 19 pandemic, Public Sector Banks (PSBs) in
India have announced to provide financial assistance to individuals in the form of unsecured loans up to
a limit of Rs 5 lakh. This is a part of the three new loan products introduced by the PSBs to provide
financial support to vaccine manufacturers, hospitals/dispensaries, pathology labs etc.
12. Pooja Rani Bohra is associated with which sport?
[A] Table Tennis

[B] Boxing
[C] Athletics
[D] Archery
Answer: Boxing
Indian woman boxer Pooja Rani Bohra has clinched her second continental title at the Asian boxing
championships, being held in Dubai. The Olympic bound boxing champion registered this victory against
Mavluda Movlonova of Uzbekistan in the 75kg category with a score of 5-0.
13. When is the “World No Tobacco Day” observed by WHO every year?
[A] May 31
[B] June 1
[C] June 10
[D] June 20
Answer: May 31
Every year, 31st May is observed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as the “World No Tobacco
Day”. The theme for this year is “Commit to quit”. This day was created by the WHO members in the year
1987 to draw global attention to the tobacco epidemic and the deaths associated with using tobacco. A
resolution was passed in 1988 to observe 31st May as the No Tobacco Day.
14. Which of the following sectors have been included in ECLGS 4.0?
[A] Civil aviation
[B] Agriculture
[C] Construction
[D] Ship Building
Answer: Civil aviation
The Union Government has launched the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) 4.0 and has
expanded the scope of the scheme by including the civil aviation sector and loan to health institutions
for on-site oxygen generation. Under ECLGS 4.0 a maximum loan of 40% of the outstanding loan, or Rs
200 crore whichever is lower can be availed by borrowers from financial institutions.
15. What is the Corporate Profit to GDP ratio in India, as registered in FY 21?
[A] 2.63%
[B] 5.55%
[C] 10.2%
[D] 20.2%
Answer: 2.63%
The combined net profit of all the listed companies in India has moved up by 57.6% in FY 21 to Rs.5.31
trillion. The Corporate Profit to GDP ratio in India stood at 2.63% in FY 21 which is an all-time high in the
last 10 years. Although the sales and revenue of many firms were low due to nationwide lockdown,
higher profitability was achieved mainly due to decline in raw material prices and input cost.
16. What is the Child helpline number of the Ministry of Women and Child Development?
[A] 1075
[B] 1098
[C] 1091
[D] 14567
Answer: 1098
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting urged the private TV news channels to display four new
national helpline numbers to help the citizens during the COVID-19 awareness initiative. In a letter to all

private TV news channels, the said these national helpline numbers should be displayed in appropriate
way: The National helpline number of Health Ministry -1075, Child helpline of the Ministry of Women and
Child Development-1098, Senior citizens helpline of the Social Justice Ministry - 14567 and helpline of
NIMHANS for psychological support - 08046110007.
17. NASA's Curiosity rover captured images of a cloud over the Gale Crater, situated in which
astronomical body?
[A] Jupiter
[B] Mars
[C] Moon
[D] Venus
Answer: Mars
NASA's Curiosity rover captured the images of the clouds seen above Gale Crater of the Mars. The crater
is 154 km in diameter and estimated to be about 3.5-3.8 billion years old. The image is a combination of
21 individual photographs the rover took recently to study a strange type of cloud over the Gale Crater.
The Scientists made the rover watch for the early clouds, as it was observed that the cloud type was
forming earlier in the Martian year.
18. Which company has introduced the world’s first ‘Nano Urea’?
[A] IFFCO
[B] National Fertilizers Limited
[C] Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers
[D] Chambal Fertilisers
Answer: IFFCO
Indian Farmers Fertiliser Cooperative Limited (IFFCO) said that it has introduced the world's first Nano
Urea Liquid for farmers across the world. The technology was developed at Nano Biotechnology
Research Centre, Kalol. This is expected to reduce the input cost of farmers and will significantly bring
down the cost of logistics and warehousing.
19. The ‘Race to Zero’ campaign, which was making news recently, is associated with which field?
[A] Climate Change
[B] Covid Vaccination
[C] Artificial Intelligence
[D] Agriculture
Answer: Climate Change
Race To Zero is a global campaign to mobilise support from across the world for a healthy zero carbon
recovery. Recently, World leaders convened at the Climate Breakthroughs Summit, which is a
collaboration between the World Economic Forum, UN Climate Champions, the UK COP26 Presidency
and partners. During the summit, several companies joined the Race to Zero campaign.
20. The recently reported H10N3 is a strain of __:
[A] Bird Flu
[B] Corona virus
[C] Anthrax
[D] Swine Fever
Answer: Bird Flu
China has reported the first human infection of a rare strain of bird flu known as H10N3. The case has
been confirmed in a 41-year-old man, by China's National Health Commission. This bird flu variant is
supposed to be low pathogenic, which means it causes relatively less severe disease in poultry. No

other case of this infection has been reported in the world.

21. Which bank has recently published the economic research report “Ecowrap”?
[A] State Bank of India
[B] Punjab National Bank
[C] Axis Bank
[D] HDFC Bank
Answer: State Bank of India
The State Bank of India, in its economic research report “Ecowrap” has predicted India’s GDP to grow at
7.9% for the FY 2021-22. Earlier the report had predicted a growth of 10.4%, and it has now been
downgraded due to the large impact of the second wave of Covid-19 pandemic in the country.
22. What is the theme of World Milk Day 2021, observed recently on 1st June?
[A] Sustainability in the dairy sector
[B] Milk For All
[C] Leaving No one Behind
[D] Milk and SDG
Answer: Sustainability in the dairy sector
Every year, on 1st of June, the Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations observes World
Milk Day. This day was first established in the year 2001 to recognize the importance of milk as a global
food and to cherish the dairy sector. This year, the theme / prime focus would be on Sustainability in the
dairy sector.
23. In context with recent news of Goa, what does the abbreviation GIFT stand for?
[A] Goa Institution For Future Transformation
[B] Goa Institution For Financial Transformation
[C] Goa Institution For Fin Tech
[D] Goa Institute of Foreign Affairs
Answer: Goa Institution For Future Transformation
The State Government of Goa has constituted a Think Tank named Goa Institution For Future
Transformation (GIFT). This institution would assist, advise and guide the state government on various
policy matters and welfare decisions. The functions of GIFT would be very similar to that of NITI Aayog.
24. Which country has hosted the P4G summit 2021?
[A] India
[B] USA
[C] South Korea
[D] UK
Answer: South Korea
P4G – Partnering for Green Growth and the Global Goals 2030 summit is hosted by the Republic of
Korea / South Korea and was organised at Seoul. It is an acceleration event for promoting market-based
partnerships to build sustainable and resilient economies. The theme of the event is "Inclusive Green
Recovery Towards Carbon Neutrality".
25. What was India’s fiscal deficit for 2020-21 as per the Controller General of Accounts (CGA) data?
[A] 10%
[B] 9.3%
[C] 8%
[D] 3.5%
Answer: 9.3%

As per the data released by the Controller General of Accounts (CGA), India’s fiscal deficit for 2020-21
stood at 9.3% of the gross domestic product (GDP) for the financial year 2020-21. This is lower than the
Finance Ministry’s Budget estimates of 9.5%. As per the CGA data, the revenue deficit stood at 7.42%
during 2020-21.
26. Which institution implements the “Horticulture Cluster Development Programme”?
[A] Food and Agricultural Organisation
[B] National Horticulture Board
[C] NABARD
[D] Ministry of Food Processing Industries
Answer: National Horticulture Board
The Union Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar has launched the Horticulture Cluster
Development Programme. The programme has been launched on a pilot basis in 12 clusters covering 11
States/UTs. This is a central sector programme implemented by the National Horticulture Board (NHB),
which aims to make identified horticulture clusters globally competitive.
27. As per the estimates released by the National Statistical Office (NSO), what is the GDP growth of
India for 2020-21?
[A] -10.1%
[B] -8.2%
[C] -7.3%
[D] -6.5%
Answer: -7.3%
The National Statistical Office (NSO) released the provisional estimates of annual national income and
quarterly estimates. As per the release, India’s gross domestic product (GDP) grew 1.6 per cent in the
fourth quarter (January-March) of 2020-21. Last quarter, there was 0.5 % growth. The GDP contracted to
a record low 7.3 per cent, for the full financial year 2020-21. This was a marginal improvement from the
earlier estimate of 8 per cent contraction.
28. As per the NRC Annual index of the 10 most neglected displacement crises, which country has
the highest number of crises?
[A] Venezuela
[B] Democratic Republic of the Congo
[C] Burundi
[D] Ethiopia
Answer: Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Norwegian Refugee Council released its annual index of the 10 most neglected displacement crises
in the world. Two million people were displaced last year in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC),
and it has the world’s most neglected number of displaced people. African Countries dominated this
year’s list, wherein DRC is followed by Cameroon, Burundi and Venezuela.
29. As per the Revenue-expenditure data for 2020-21, the Net tax receipts were ………, while total
expenditure was ………
[A] ₹4.24 lakh crore; ₹5.11 lakh crore
[B] ₹14.24 lakh crore; ₹15.11 lakh crore
[C] ₹14.24 lakh crore; ₹35.11 lakh crore
[D] ₹34.24 lakh crore; ₹35.11 lakh crore
Answer: ₹14.24 lakh crore; ₹35.11 lakh crore
The Controller General of Accounts (CGA) released the revenue-expenditure data of the Union

government for 2020-21. As per the data, the Net tax receipts were ₹14.24 lakh crore, while total
expenditure was ₹35.11 lakh crore during the financial year 2020-21.
30. Tardigrades, which would be sent to the International Space Station by NASA, are also called
as….
[A] Water Spiders
[B] Water Bears
[C] Water Mice
[D] Water Horses
Answer: Water Bears
NASA has planned to send 128 baby squids and some 5,000 tardigrades, also called as Water Bears to
the International Space Station for research purposes. The water animals will be launched aboard
SpaceX’s 22nd cargo resupply mission to the ISS. The experiments will also help to understand how
beneficial microbes interact with animals. The experiments would also help design protective measures
for astronauts going for long space travel.
31. What is the name of the homemade Covid-19 vaccine launched by Pakistan, with the help of
China?
[A] PakVac
[B] SinoVac
[C] CovPak
[D] Pakshield
Answer: PakVac
Pakistan has recently launched its homemade Covid-19 vaccine named “PakVac” which it developed
with the help of its ally China. According to the Ministry of National Health Services of Pakistan, 1,771
new cases were reported in the last 24 hours, with the tally of confirmed cases at 922,824. It has
vaccinated over 5.3 million people with about 2 million fully vaccinated.
32. Kharg, the largest warship of which country, has recently caught fire and sank in the Gulf of
Oman?
[A] Iraq
[B] Iran
[C] Oman
[D] Qatar
Answer: Iran
The largest warship in the Navy of Iran has recently caught fire and later sank in the Gulf of Oman,
according to the media reports. The support warship Kharg was named after the island that serves as
the main oil terminal for Iran. Though the firefighters tried to contain the blaze, the vessel sank near the
Iranian port of Jask, southeast of Tehran on the Gulf of Oman. It is near the Strait of Hormuz, the narrow
mouth of the Persian Gulf.
33. ‘Red Tourism’, which was seen in the news, is associated with which country?
[A] Indonesia
[B] India
[C] China
[D] Sri Lanka
Answer: China
China launched ‘Red Tourism’ in the year 2004 to promote locations with historical and cultural
significance to the history of the Communist Party. It also aimed at promoting tourism and local

businesses in the country. Recently, there has been a record high footfall in the historic places under the
Red Tourism. Some of them include Nanhu Lake, where the First National Congress of the Chinese
Communist Party was held in 1921, and Mao Zedong’s birthplace Shaoshan.
34. Oleg Novitsky and Pyotr Dubrov, who performed a 7-hour spacewalk recently, are from which
country?
[A] USA
[B] Russia
[C] Israel
[D] France
Answer: Russia
Two Russian cosmonauts named Oleg Novitsky and Pyotr Dubrov ventured out of the International
Space Station on a 7-hour spacewalk to prepare for the arrival of a new Russian module. It’s the first
spacewalk for both the cosmonauts, who arrived at the space station in April. They conducted technical
works including replacing the old batteries outside the International Space Station, before the arrival of
the new Nauka (Science) multipurpose laboratory module.
35. As per the new system in PMGKP, the Insurance companies will approve and settle the claims
based on the certificate of …………..
[A] Home Ministry
[B] District Collector
[C] Registrar General
[D] District Court
Answer: District Collector
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package (PMGKP) Insurance Scheme for Health Workers Fighting
COVID-19’ was launched to provide personal accident cover of Rs. 50 lakh to all healthcare providers.
Recently, a new system for approval of claims has been introduced. The District Collector will certify
that the claim is in accordance with SoP of the Scheme and on the basis of this certificate, Insurance
Company will approve and settle the claims within a period of 48 hours.
36. What is the profession of Mahesh Jethmalani, who has been nominated to Rajya Sabha by the
Union Government?
[A] Doctor
[B] Advocate
[C] Scientist
[D] Banker
Answer: Advocate
Mahesh Jethmalani, who is a noted advocate has been recently nominated by the Union Government to
the Rajya Sabha. Additionally, former journalist Swapan Dasgupta has also been nominated to the upper
house. Mahesh Jethmalani has been nominated to Rajya Sabha to fill the vacancy of seat due to the
demise of Raghunath Mohapatra.
37. Leading rating agency Moody's Investors Service, has pegged India's GDP growth at which level,
for FY22?
[A] 9.3%
[B] 11.3%
[C] 13.3%
[D] 14%
Answer: 9.3%

Leading rating agency Moody's Investors Service has pegged India’s GDP growth at 9.3% for the
financial year 2021-22. It has further estimated India’s GDP growth at 7.9% for FY23. The agency has
stated that India’s economic activity would be affected by reimposition of lockdown measures along
with investment behavioural changes, but the same would not have deep impact on the economy as that
during the first wave.
38. The Covid 19 vaccine - Sinovac, which has been granted approval by WHO, is developed by
which country?
[A] Japan
[B] UK
[C] USA
[D] China
Answer: China
Sinovac vaccine developed by China’s Sinovac Biotech Ltd has been granted emergency use approval by
the World Health Organisation. WHO has recommended the vaccine to be used by people who are 18
years and above. The vaccine needs to be administered in two doses with a gap of two to four weeks.
39. The term “Mixing and matching” which is in news, is related to what?
[A] Cricket
[B] Food Processing
[C] COVID Vaccination
[D] Fuel Prices
Answer: COVID Vaccination
The National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) of Canada has recommended mixing and
matching of the second doses of covid 19 vaccines. This means that people who reside in Canada and
have taken the Moderna or Pfizer vaccine as their first shot, can take either of the vaccines as a second
shot, based on their availability.
40. Which meat supplying company has recently fallen trap to ransomware attacks?
[A] McDonald
[B] KFC
[C] JBS
[D] Cooper Farms
Answer: JBS
The computer networks of world’s largest meat supplier JBS have been hacked and the firm has fallen
trap to ransomware attacks. This has forced the company to shut its operations in Australia, Canada
and the US. A ransomware attack involves hacking of computer networks and threatening to cause
disruption or delete files unless a ransom is paid.
41. Isaac Herzog, has been elected as the 11th president of which country?
[A] Iran
[B] Saudi Arabia
[C] Austria
[D] Israel
Answer: Israel
Isaac Herzog has been elected as the 11th president of Israel, by way of a secret ballot. He is a labour
leader and son of a former President. Isaac Herzog won a majority vote of 87 out of the 120-member
house there by defeating his opponent Miriam Peretz by a large margin.
42. What would be the rate of global unemployment in the year 2022, as per ILO estimates?

[A] 1%
[B] 3%
[C] 5.7%
[D] 10.4%
Answer: 5.7%
The rate of global unemployment in the year 2022 is estimated to be 5.7% by the International Labour
Organisation (ILO). ILO has estimated that nearly 205 million unemployed people would exist around the
world, which is higher than the 2019 level of 187 million. Further the ILO has stated that 108 million
more number of workers have been categorized as poor or extremely poor.
43. Dr Patrick Amoth, who has been appointed as the Chair of WHO Executive Board, is from which
country?
[A] USA
[B] Kenya
[C] New Zealand
[D] Brazil
Answer: Kenya
India’s Union Health Minister Dr Harsh Vardhan completed his tenure as Chairman of WHO Executive
Board on June 02. During the 149th session of the WHO Executive board, Harsh Vardhan announced that
Dr Patrick Amoth, Acting Director-General for Health, Ministry of Health of Kenya has been appointed as
the Chair of WHO Executive Board.
44. What is the name of the programme, in which the Government distributes kits of higher yielding
varieties of seeds to farmers?
[A] Seed Minikit programme
[B] HYV Seeds programme
[C] Seeds Distribution programme
[D] Seeds to Farmers programme
Answer: Seed Minikit programme
The Union Agriculture Minister Narendra Singh Tomar launched the Seed Minikit Programme by
distributing kits of higher yielding varieties of seeds to farmers. It aims to introduce new varieties of
seeds to the farmers and helps in increasing the seed replacement rate. The mini kits are being provided
by the National Seeds Corporation (NCS), NAFED and Gujarat State Seeds Corporation and wholly
funded by the Union through the National Food Security Mission.
45. Which country has launched the Mission Innovation Clean-Tech Exchange at the Net Zero
Summit hosted by Chile?
[A] USA
[B] India
[C] Japan
[D] Australia
Answer: India
India has launched the Mission Innovation Clean-Tech Exchange at the Net Zero Summit hosted by
Chile. It is a global initiative, that will create a network of incubators across member countries to fast-
track clean energy innovation. Mission Innovation 2.0 is the second phase of the global Mission
Innovation initiative, launched during the Paris Agreement at the 2015 UN climate conference.
46. Leadership Group for Industry Transition, LeadIT, is the climate change initiative led by India
and ………

[A] France
[B] Sweden
[C] Switzerland
[D] Germany
Answer: Sweden
Leadership Group for Industry Transition, LeadIT, is an Indian-Swedish climate change initiative. It will
help the countries to take the lead in heavy industry transition as well as meet Paris Agreement goals
and create new sustainable jobs, Recently, the UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres commended India
and Sweden for their climate change initiative. He announced this during the Clean Energy Ministerial
hosted by Chile.
47. Fengyun-4B, the New-Gen Meteorological Satellite, has been recently launched by which
country?
[A] Japan
[B] China
[C] Israel
[D] UAE
Answer: China
China recently launched into orbit a new-generation weather satellite named Fengyun-4B (FY- 4B)
successfully. The Fengyun-4B satellite was launched aboard a Long March 3B rocket into the
geostationary orbit, to join the network of Fengyun satellites. The first of the Fengyun series, a low-Earth
orbit satellite testing machine - FY-1A, was launched in 1988.
48. Which country is to play host to the UN Sustainable Transport Conference 2021?
[A] India
[B] China
[C] Japan
[D] Australia
Answer: China
The UN Sustainable Transport Conference is to be held from 14 to 16 October 2021 in Beijing, China.
The Conference aims to encourage sustainable transport to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals
and the Paris Agreement on climate change. To acknowledge the longevity, versatility and environmental
sustainability of bicycles, the UN General Assembly declared 3 June as World Bicycle Day.
49. Cyrtodactylus bengkhuaiai, which has been named after the Mizo chief, is a ……
[A] Lizard
[B] Spider
[C] Turtle
[D] Snake
Answer: Lizard
Cyrtodactylus bengkhuaiai, one of four new species of bent-toed geckos recently discovered, has been
named in honour of a Mizo Chief Bengkhuaia, who fought the British forces 150 years ago. Two geckos
each were found in Mizoram and Meghalaya by two groups of scientists in October-November 2020.
This gecko is a species of pest-controlling lizard new to science.
50. Who is the head of the Expert group set up by the Government on Fixation of Minimum wages?
[A] Ajit Mishra
[B] Aditya Bhattacharjea
[C] Sugata Bag

[D] Pami Dua

Answer: Ajit Mishra
The Government has constituted an expert group to provide technical inputs and recommendations on
fixation of minimum wages in the country. The Group would be chaired by Professor Ajit Mishra, director
of the Institute of Economic Growth. As per the Labour and Employment Ministry, the group, which is set
up for three years, would also recommend on the national floor wage.
51. EAGLE Act, which was making news recently, is associated with which country?
[A] New Zealand
[B] USA
[C] Australia
[D] Brazil
Answer: USA
A bipartisan legislation was re-introduced in the U.S. House of Representatives to eliminate the per-
country cap on employment-based green card. This new law is called as the EAGLE Act 2021. Currently,
there is a 7% per-country limit on Visa issuance by the United States. If this law is cleared by the Senate,
this would benefit a lot of Indian professionals and their family members who wish to immigrate to the
country.
52. What is the main objective of the ‘Chip-off technique’, that has been developed recently?
[A] Data Retrieval
[B] Gold Mining
[C] Cryptocurrency Mining
[D] Bio Gas production
Answer: Data Retrieval
The Scientists at Central Forensic Science Laboratory (CFSL), Hyderabad have developed an indigenous
Chip-off technique. The main objective of the technique is to retrieve encrypted data from locked and
severely damaged smart cell phones. This would benefit investigative agencies to produce credible
evidences against criminals.
53. SAGE (Senior-care Aging Growth Engine) is the initiative of which Union Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Women and Child Development
[B] Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
[C] Ministry of Law and Justice
[D] Ministry of Minority Affairs
Answer: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
Minister of Social Justice and Empowerment, Thaawarchand Gehlot virtually launched the SAGE (Senior-
care Aging Growth Engine) initiative. He also launched the SAGE portal, which can be accessed by the
elderly persons for elderly care products and services by select start-ups. The start-ups will be selected
on the basis of innovative products and services.
54. AmB, is the nano-fibre based tablets, developed by IIT-H, for curing which disease?
[A] Kala Azar
[B] Malaria
[C] Dengue
[D] Japanese Encephalitis
Answer: Kala Azar
Researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Hyderabad has developed nano-fibre based
oral tablets of Amphotericin B, called as AmB. This was the first-ever attempt to fabricate nanofibrous

oral tablets of Amphotericin B for curing Kala Azar. As Kala-Azar treatment is being currently used as a
treatment for Mucormycosis, this can be used to treat fungal infections post COVID treatment.
55. After the RBI’s monetary policy committee meeting held in June 2021, the Repo rate is fixed at
…………
[A] 3.75 %
[B] 4.00 %
[C] 4.25 %
[D] 4.50 %
Answer: 4.00 %
The Reserve Bank of India's (RBI's) six-member monetary policy committee, headed by Governor
Shaktikanta Das, kept the benchmark interest rate unchanged. The repo rate will continue at 4.00% and
reverse repo rate at 3.35%. With this, the repo rate has remained unchanged for a sixth consecutive
time. The decision has been taken amid coronavirus uncertainty and fears over inflation.
56. What is the quantum of the ‘Special liquidity window’ announced by the RBI to support contact-
intensive sectors hit by Covid-19.?
[A] Rs 5000 crore
[B] Rs 10000 crore
[C] Rs 15000 crore
[D] Rs 20000 crore
Answer: Rs 15000 crore
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced to create a Special liquidity window of Rs 15,000 crore with a
tenor of 3 years at the repo rate to provide liquidity support to the contact-intensive sectors hit by
Covid-19. This encourages banks to provide fresh lending support to hotels, restaurants, tourism,
aviation ancillary services, and other services including private bus operators, car repair and rental
service providers, event/conference organizers, spa clinics, and beauty parlours/saloons. RBI will extend
a special liquidity facility of ₹16,000 crore to SIDBI for on-lending/refinancing.
57. Which organisation releases the Food Price Index, to track the international prices of a basket of
food commodities?
[A] FAO
[B] World Bank
[C] IMF
[D] ILO
Answer: FAO
The UN Food and Agriculture Organization's (FAO) food price index is a measure of the monthly change
in international prices of a basket of food commodities including cereals, oilseeds, dairy products, meat
and sugar. According to the recent index, food prices in May were 4.8% higher than April. This is
registered as the biggest monthly rise since October 2010. The prices was also 39.7% higher than this
time last year, May 2020.
58. To which field, the Padma Shri awardee Lakshmi Nandan Bora, who died recently, belonged to?
[A] Sports
[B] Literature
[C] Music
[D] Dance
Answer: Literature
Lakshmi Nandan Bora, a noted Assamese litterateur and Padma Shri awardee belonging to Assam,

passed away recently, due to COVID. He was 89 years old. Lakshmi Nandan Bora has authored more
than 60 books in Assamese language. Patal Bhairavi and Kayakalpa are his famous writings. He
received the Padma Shri award from the Government of India in 2015.
59. “Hisaab Ki Kitaab” – a module of 6 short films has been released by which authority?
[A] Investor Education & Protection Fund Authority
[B] Securities and Exchange Board of India
[C] Reserve Bank of India
[D] National Health Authority
Answer: Investor Education & Protection Fund Authority
The Union Minister of State for Finance and Corporate Affairs has launched a module of 6 short films of
Investor Education & Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA), named “Hisaab Ki Kitaab”. These short films
have been developed by CSC eGov for IEPFA, as a part of their training module. These films portray the
importance of budget, saving, insurance schemes etc.
60. The African Union has suspended the membership of which country, after a military coup in that
nation?
[A] South Africa
[B] Mali
[C] Somalia
[D] Zimbabwe
Answer: Mali
The membership of Mali has been suspended by the African Union in response to the recent military
coup in the country. African Union has pressed for a civilian led democratic government in Mali. The
military of Mali has arrested its interim President Bah Ndaw and Prime Minister Moctar Ouane and has
pressured them to resign.
61. Which is the Indian Navy's oldest Hydrographic Survey vessel, that has been decommissioned
recently?
[A] INS Kolkata
[B] INS Sandhayak
[C] INS Sindurakshak
[D] INS Suveer
Answer: INS Sandhayak
INS Sandhayak, the Indian Navy’s oldest Hydrographic Survey Vessel, was decommissioned from the
Navy at Visakhapatnam on July 4, 2021. The vessel is 40 years old and has conducted more than 200
major hydrographic surveys. It has also been a part of important operations like 'Operation Pawan' in Sri
Lanka (1987), Operation 'Rainbow for Humanitarian Assistance' (2004) etc.
62. YounTab scheme for students is launched in which state / UT?
[A] Delhi
[B] Puducherry
[C] Karnataka
[D] Ladakh
Answer: Ladakh
The Union Territory of Ladakh has launched a scheme named “YounTab”, under which the Ladakh Lt
Governor RK Mathur distributed tablets to the students studying in 9 to 12, in the UT. This was the first
phase of the scheme’s implementation. The scheme aims to provide free tabs to nearly 12,300 students
of 6th to 12th class who are studying in government schools of the UT.

63. Which is the host country for this year’s world Environment Day celebrations on June 5?
[A] USA
[B] China
[C] Pakistan
[D] Russia
Answer: Pakistan
Every year, 5th of June is observed as the World Environment Day by the United Nations. This day first
came into being in the year 1972. The theme for this year is "Reimagine – Recreate - Restore” and the
Global Host for 2021 World Environment Day is Pakistan.
64. Which country has announced a USD 57 million aid for efforts against TB in seven high-burden
countries?
[A] USA
[B] Russia
[C] Australia
[D] Germany
Answer: USA
The United States has announced a USD 57 million aid for efforts against tuberculosis in seven high-
burden countries, including India. Other countries for which the aid is being given are Bangladesh,
Indonesia, the Philippines, South Africa, Tajikistan and Ukraine. TB is the leading infectious disease
killer, particularly in low and middle-income countries, taking 1.4 million lives every year.
65. ‘Oxi-van’ is an initiative of which state/UT?
[A] Haryana
[B] New Delhi
[C] Uttar Pradesh
[D] Rajasthan
Answer: Haryana
Haryana Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar has announced that 'Oxi-van' will be created in Karnal
district of the state, on the occasion of World Environment Day. It would be a complex spanning 80
acres, which includes 10 types of forests inside it. The construction work will begin soon and will be
made open to the public in a few years, as per the announcement.
66. E-100 pilot project, which was launched recently, is associated with?
[A] Electric Vehicle
[B] Ethanol Production
[C] Environment awareness
[D] Electric Train
Answer: Ethanol Production
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched the E-100 pilot project in Pune to mark the World Environment
Day. This project aims to set up a network for production and distribution of ethanol across the country.
The Prime Minister released the 'Report of the Expert Committee on Road Map for ethanol blending in
India 2020-2025'. He also said India is resolved to meet target of 20 % ethanol blending by 2025.
67. Himachal Pradesh Government is to install ‘Anti-Hail Guns’, to prevent ………
[A] Covid
[B] Hailstorm
[C] Flood
[D] Lightning

Answer: Hailstorm
The State Horticulture Ministry of Himachal Pradesh announced that the Government will test the use of
indigenously developed ‘Anti-hail guns, to help horticulturists facing crop damage due to hailstorms. An
anti-hail gun is a machine which generates shock waves to disrupt the growth of hailstones in clouds.
The gun is fired by feeding explosive mixture of acetylene gas and air into its lower chamber, which
releases a shock wave.
68. Pran Vayu Devta Pension Scheme is an initiative of which state/UT?
[A] Sikkim
[B] Arunachal Pradesh
[C] Haryana
[D] Kerala
Answer: Haryana
Haryana announced the ‘Pran Vayu Devta Pension Scheme’. Under the scheme, the state would provide a
“pension amount” of Rs 2,500 for maintenance of trees older than 75 years. As per the state government
announcement, this ‘tree pension’ shall continue to increase every year, in the same lines of the Old Age
Samman Pension Scheme, being implemented in the state.
69. Which Indian state/UT is set to celebrate 'Van Mahotsav', as part of a mega plantation drive?
[A] Uttar Pradesh
[B] Delhi
[C] Punjab
[D] Rajasthan
Answer: Delhi
The Delhi government is set to celebrate 'Van Mahotsav' from June 26 to July 11 as part of a mega
plantation drive. Under the initiative, 33 lakh saplings will be planted across the city this year. Saplings
of various medicinal plants will be available to government-run nurseries free of cost. Delhi's
environment department released a booklet with the description of all the plants available in the
nurseries.
70. Square Inc belongs to the owner of which social media major?
[A] Facebook
[B] WhatsApp
[C] Twitter
[D] Tinder
Answer: Twitter
Square Inc, which belongs to the Twitter owner Jack Dorsey, has announced that it would invest 5
million to build an open-source, solar-powered bitcoin mining facility. In this regard, Square Inc has
announced a partnership with Blockchain technology company Blockstream Mining and the proposed
facility would be constructed at one of Blockstream's sites in the USA.
71. 'Jahan Vote, Wahan Vaccination' campaign is an initiative of which institution?
[A] Election Commission of India
[B] Government of Delhi
[C] Home Ministry
[D] AIIMS
Answer: Government of Delhi
The Government of Delhi has launched a campaign named 'Jahan Vote, Wahan Vaccination' which aims
to vaccinate all the people of Delhi, aged 45 years and above within the next four weeks. Under this

campaign, people residing in Delhi have been advised to get themselves vaccinated in their designated
polling station.
72. Which intergovernmental group has announced the minimum global tax on multinational
companies?
[A] BRICS
[B] G 7
[C] European Union
[D] G 20
Answer: G 7
The Group of seven (G-7) advanced economies has recently made an announcement on taxing
multinational companies. This would be the “Minimum global tax rate” and its lower floor limit has been
fixed at 15%. G7 is an intergovernmental organization comprising Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan,
the United Kingdom and the United States.
73. Which state has released a short film on Chhatrapati Shivaji, titled ‘Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj
Shivrajyabhishek Divas’?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Goa
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Goa
The State Government of Goa has released a short film on Chhatrapati Shivaji, titled “Chhatrapati Shivaji
Maharaj Shivrajyabhishek Divas”, on the occasion of the king’s coronation day. This film has been
released in Konkani and Hindi versions. It covers the history of Goa and the role of Shivaji in Goa’s fight
against the Portuguese. It is set to restore the forts, temples built by the king.
74. Based on how many parameters, the Performance Grading Index or PGI 2019-20 is released?
[A] 5
[B] 10
[C] 25
[D] 70
Answer: 70
The Performance Grading Index or PGI 2019-20, which is an index to grade Indian states and Union
Territories on Education, has been approved to be launched by the Union Ministry of Education. This
index is based on a set of 70 parameters. Under this index, Punjab, Chandigarh, Tamil Nadu, Andaman &
Nicobar Islands and Kerala occupy the top 5 positions for the year 2019-20.
75. As per the State of India's Environment Report 2021, what is India’s rank on achievement of 17
Sustainable Development Goals?
[A] 67
[B] 89
[C] 117
[D] 123
Answer: 117
The State of India's Environment Report 2021 is an annual publication of the Down To Earth magazine.
As per the report, India has been ranked at 117th position in implementing and achieving the Sustainable
Development Goals (SDG) 2030. Last year India was ranked at 115 and now it has slipped by 2 positions
due to major challenges faced in ending hunger, gender equality etc.

76. Alexander Pushkin is a famous poet of which language?
[A] Spanish
[B] French
[C] Russian
[D] English
Answer: Russian
Alexander Pushkin is a Russian poet, who is considered the father of modern Russian language. His
birthday is selected as the UN Russian Language Day. It is observed annually on June 6. The event was
initially established by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in
2010. The UN language days aim to celebrate multilingualism and promotion of equal use of all six of
the UN's official working languages.
77. 'Raising and Accelerating Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Performance (RAMP)
Program' is an initiative of which organisation?
[A] IMF
[B] World Bank
[C] ILO
[D] UN
Answer: World Bank
The World Bank has approved a USD 500 million program to help boost India’s MSME sector. RAMP
stands for Raising and Accelerating Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise (MSME) Performance. The
programme targets to improve the performance of five lakh 50 thousand MSMEs, by providing better
access to finance and working capital for MSMEs. The World Bank had earlier launched Rs 750 million
MSME Emergency Response Program in July last year.
78. Which country has signed a law, to formalise the exit from Open Skies Treaty?
[A] France
[B] Russia
[C] Italy
[D] Germany
Answer: Russia
Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a law on that formalises Russia’s exit from the Open Skies arms
control treaty. The treaty, which was signed in 1992 and took effect in 2002, allows countries to conduct
short-notice, unarmed surveillance flights over the entire territory of other parties. It also allows
members to collect information on one another’s military forces.
79. MH-60 Romeo helicopters are procured by Indian Navy from which country?
[A] Russia
[B] Israel
[C] USA
[D] Iran
Answer: USA
The Indian Navy would receive MH-60 Romeo helicopters from the United States of America. India had
earlier in 2020, signed a Rs.16,000 crore deal with the USA to procure 24 numbers of MH-60 Romeo
helicopters. The first batch of 3 helicopters would be handed over to India by the USA in July 2021. A
batch of Indian pilots have reached the US to be trained to operate the chopper.
80. Which Indian footballer has surpassed Lionel Messi in international goals?
[A] Gurpreet Singh Sandhu

[B] Sunil Chhetri

[C] Mohammad Yasir
[D] Amrinder Singh
Answer: Sunil Chhetri
Indian football star Sunil Chhetri has surpassed Lionel Messi in international goals taking his total to 74
goals for India. He has recently scored both goals in India’s 2-0 win over Bangladesh at Doha. Chhetri
moved past Messi’s 72 goals, in a qualifying match for the 2022 FIFA World Cup and 2023 AFC Asian
Cup. Portugal player Cristiano Ronaldo tops the international list with 103 goals.
81. India’s first CAR-T cell therapy, which was done recently, is used in treatment of which ailment?
[A] Tuberculosis
[B] Cancer
[C] Covid
[D] AIDS
Answer: Cancer
The Centre has approved Rs 19.15 crore for conducting a first-in-human phase-1/2 clinical trial of the
CAR-T cells. India’s first CAR-T cell therapy was done at the Bone Marrow Transplant unit at ACTREC,
Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai. The Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is a type of gene
therapy, used in cancer treatment, especially in patients suffering from acute lymphocytic leukemia
82. With reference to the law enforcement, what is ‘ANOM’, that was seen in the news recently?
[A] Messaging App
[B] Military Equipment
[C] Medical Equipment
[D] Super Computer
Answer: Messaging App
The FBI started operating an encrypted device network called ANOM, and distributed devices with the
chat app among the criminal via informants. Under the operation, more than 800 suspected criminals
have been arrested worldwide after using the encrypted messaging app. The operation was jointly
conceived by Australia and the FBI. Drugs, weapons, luxury vehicles and cash were also seized in the
operation.
83. What is the IUCN Red List Category of the North Atlantic right whale, which was making news
recently?
[A] Vulnerable (VU)
[B] Endangered (EN)
[C] Critically Endangered (CR)
[D] Extinct In the Wild (EW)
Answer: Critically Endangered (CR)
As per a recent study, the younger generation of North Atlantic right whales are about three feet shorter
than whales were 20 years ago. Entanglements with fishing gear, collisions with ships and climate
change moving their food supply north are said to be the reasons for this phenomenon. The whales are
being classified as ‘Critically endangered’ by IUCN.
84. ‘Buttergate’ or ‘Firm-butter phenomenon’, which were sometimes seen in the news, are
associated with which country?
[A] Canada
[B] Russia
[C] China

[D] Italy
Answer: Canada
Several consumers of butter in Canada have been reporting that their butter was hard at room
temperature. This firm-butter phenomenon was ultimately dubbed as “buttergate” by the media. These
changes were said to have happened due to the change in the diet of dairy cows. Canadians fear that
dairy farmers use palm oil fat supplements in the diet of the cows.
85. Jangi Thopan Powari hydroelectricity project (JTP HEP) is the proposed project over which river?
[A] Sutlej
[B] Chenab
[C] Beas
[D] Ravi
Answer: Sutlej
Residents of Himachal Pradesh have been protesting against the proposed 804 mega-watt Jangi Thopan
Powari hydroelectricity project (JTP HEP). This is a proposed project over the Sutlej River. The run-of-
the-river (ROR) project involves construction of a concrete gravity dam above the deepest foundation
level across river Satluj and underground powerhouse on the right bank upstream of Tehsil boundary.
86. Mount Eko Dumbing, which was making news recently, is located in which state?
[A] Uttarakhand
[B] Sikkim
[C] Arunachal Pradesh
[D] Himachal Pradesh
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh
Recently, a team of wildlife enthusiasts have sighted two species of monal birds on Mount Eko Dumbing
at 4,173 metres above mean sea level. It is located in the state of Arunachal Pradesh. Himalayan monal
(Lophophorus impejanus) is widely distributed from Afghanistan to northeast India, the Sclater’s
(Lophophorus sclateri) monal is found in China and Myanmar.
87. The minimum support prices (MSP) of paddy, sesamum, tur and urad were hiked recently. These
are ……… crops.
[A] Rabi
[B] Kharif
[C] Zaid
[D] None of the above
Answer: Kharif
The Union Cabinet has approved an increase in minimum support prices (MSP) for various kharif crops
or the summer-sown crops for marketing season 2021-22. MSP of paddy was hiked by ₹72 to ₹1,940 per
quintal for 2021-22 crop year from ₹1,868 per quintal last year. The highest absolute increase in MSP
over the previous year is recommended for sesamum (₹452 per quintal) followed by tur and urad (₹300
per quintal each).
88. CHATT, the news industry association, is associated with which sector?
[A] Travel and Hospitality
[B] Horticulture
[C] Health and Nutrition
[D] Skill Development
Answer: Travel and Hospitality
CHATT stands for Confederation of Hospitality, Technology and Tourism Industry. Major players in the

Hospitality field namely Airbnb, EaseMyTrip, OYO and Yatra have formed this new industry association.
This aims to help small companies and travel and hospitality technology players. The association will
also promote domestic tourism, help it in digital transformation, act as a thought leader and run training
programmes.
89. The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a terminal Dam built on which river?
[A] Sutlej
[B] Narmada
[C] Beas
[D] Chenab
Answer: Narmada
The Sardar Sarovar Narmada Dam is a terminal dam built on the Narmada River at Kevadia in Gujarat. It
is also called as the ‘Lifeline of Gujarat’. The dam was seen recently in the news as this year, in the
ongoing summer, the dam released about 1.3 million acre Feet (MAF) water for irrigation between April 1
and May 31. It usually has no water for irrigation during summers.
90. Mahesh Kumar Jain has been recently re-appointed as ………….
[A] RBI Deputy Governor
[B] SEBI Chairman
[C] NABARD Chairman
[D] SBI Chairman
Answer: RBI Deputy Governor
The Reserve Bank announced that the Government has extended the tenure of Deputy Governor Mahesh
Kumar Jain for two years. M K Jain was appointed as the Deputy Governor for three years in June 2018.
The other three serving Deputy Governors of the RBI are Michael Patra, M Rajeshwar Rao and T Rabi
Sankar.
91. Which Indian company has entered into strategic partnership with the International Cricket
Council (ICC)?
[A] Ola
[B] BharatPe
[C] Zomato
[D] Easemytrip
Answer: BharatPe
Merchant payment and lending service provider BharatPe has entered into a strategic partnership with
International Cricket Council (ICC). The company will integrate with ICC at all ICC events starting from
ICC Men's T20 World Cup (India, 2021) to ICC Men's Cricket World Cup (India, 2023) among others.
BharatPe recently acquired Payback India from American Express and ICICI Investments Strategic Fund.
92. As per the report “The Costs of Climate Change in India”, by what % India’s poverty rate would
increase by 2040 due to climate change?
[A] 2%
[B] 3.5%
[C] 4%
[D] 10%
Answer: 3.5%
The report titled ‘The Costs of Climate Change in India’ has been released by London-based global think
tank Overseas Development Institute. The report states that India’s poverty would increase by 3.5% by
the year 2040 on account of climate change. The report also stated that India would lose around 3 to 10

per cent GDP due to climate change by the year 2100.

93. Employees’ State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) functions under the aegis of which Union
Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Finance
[B] Ministry of Corporate Affairs
[C] Ministry of Labour and Employment
[D] Ministry of Law and Justice
Answer: Ministry of Labour and Employment
After the promulgation of Employees’ State Insurance Act, 1948, the Indian Government set up ESI
Corporation to administer the Scheme. Recently, the Union Labour and Employment Minister Santosh
Kumar Gangwar announced that Casual and contractual employees of municipal corporations in the
country would be covered under ESI Act. With his cover, they will be entitled to sickness benefit,
maternity benefit, disablement benefit, dependent’s benefit, etc.
94. Which Indian state has recently launched ‘DBT mobile application’, to transfer funds directly to
beneficiaries?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Kerala
[C] Karnataka
[D] Odisha
Answer: Karnataka
Karnataka Chief Minister B S Yediyurappa launched a DBT mobile application, to transfer funds directly
to beneficiaries of various government welfare schemes. As many as 120 schemes in the state have
been included in this platform. The Chief Minister quoted that for the past two year, over 12,000 crores
have been directly transferred to the Aadhaar linked bank accounts of beneficiaries.
95. Which bank was named in the first position in India in the Forbes’ World's Best Banks 2021 list?
[A] Federal Bank
[B] ICICI Bank
[C] DBS
[D] HDFC Bank
Answer: DBS
DBS has been named by Forbes in their list of World's Best Banks 2021, based on global customer
survey. DBS was ranked in the first position out of 30 domestic and international banks in India. This is
the third edition of the 'World's Best Banks' list by Forbes, conducted in partnership with market research
firm Statista. The second bank in the list is Kerala-based CSB Bank, followed by ICICI Bank and HDFC
Bank.
96. Who has been appointed as the chairperson of the Grievance Redressal Board of Digital
Publisher Content Grievances Council (DPCGC)?
[A] Ranjan Gogoi
[B] Arjan Kumar Sikri
[C] Karnan
[D] Markandey Katju
Answer: Arjan Kumar Sikri
The Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) announced that former Supreme Court judge
Justice Arjan Kumar Sikri will chair the Grievance Redressal Board of the Digital Publisher Content
Grievances Council (DPCGC). The recently formed DPCGC is backed by 14 publishers of online curated

content as members. It will function as an independent body and act as the second tier within the three-
tier grievance redressal mechanism mandated in the IT (Digital Media) Rules, 2021.
97. Abdulla Shahid, President-elect of the 76th session of the UN General Assembly, is from which
country?
[A] Israel
[B] Maldives
[C] Peru
[D] Argentina
Answer: Maldives
Maldivian Foreign Minister and the President-elect of the 76th session of the UN General Assembly,
Abdulla Shahid has appointed K K Nagaraj Naidu as his Chef de Cabinet. Nagaraj Naidu was India's
Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN Ambassador. The President- Elect also appointed
Ambassador Thilmeeza Hussain, the Permanent Representative of the Maldives to the UN as Special
Envoy of the PGA.
98. The International Level Crossing Awareness Day (ILCAD) is organised by the International Union
of Railways (UIC), based at which city?
[A] Geneva
[B] Paris
[C] New York
[D] Rome
Answer: Paris
The International Level Crossing Awareness Day (ILCAD) is a worldwide initiative to improve awareness
of level crossing safety. The campaign has been spearheaded by the Paris- based International Union of
Railways (UIC), an international rail transport industry body. The ILCAD campaign was established in
2009, by the European Commission and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).
99. Which Indian state/UT released the draft proposal for Master Plan 2041?
[A] Karnataka
[B] New Delhi
[C] Kerala
[D] Chandigarh
Answer: New Delhi
Delhi Development Authority (DDA) published the draft proposal for Master Plan Delhi (MPD) 2041 and
invited public opinion and objection. The vision document for the next twenty years deals with several
issues that will impact the city in the upcoming years. Any citizen can give their suggestions on the draft
policy, over the next 45 days.
100. As per the recent data from the Commerce Ministry, the exports of India’s organic farm
products rose by ………. percent in 2020-21.
[A] 11
[B] 31
[C] 51
[D] 71
Answer: 51
As per the recent data from the Commerce Ministry, Exports of India’s organic farm products rose 51
percent in 2020-21. Outward shipments of organic products touched 1,040 million dollars last year
compared to 689 million dollars a year before. Exports of organic products grew at 39 per cent to 8 lakh

88 thousand 179 tonnes last fiscal, in terms of volume.

101. PRABANDH portal, which was making news recently, is associated with which Union Ministry?
[A] Ministry of MSME
[B] Ministry of Education
[C] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[D] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Answer: Ministry of Education
The Ministry of Education has launched an online module to compile data on out-of-school children. The
data is to be mapped with ‘PRABANDH’ portal of Samagra Siksha. Admissions of children in the age
group of 6-14 years in disadvantaged sections can be fast-tracked. Financial assistance will be provided
for out of school children in the 16-18 years age group, to continue their education through distance
learning mode.
102. Which country has approved two Covid-19 vaccines for emergency use in people aged 3 to 17?
[A] Israel
[B] UAE
[C] China
[D] Australia
Answer: China
China has approved two Covid-19 vaccines produced by Sinovac Biotech and Sinopharm for emergency
use in people aged 3 to 17. So far, China has vaccinated around 620 million people and it is racing to
vaccinate its more than 1.4 billion people. Phase I and Phase II research involving several hundred
participants showed that the vaccines were safe and effective for children and for adults.
103. RBI has extended RBIA system for housing finance companies. What does RBIA stand for?
[A] Reserve Bank of India Assessment
[B] Risk-based Internal Audit
[C] Reserve Bank of India Audit
[D] Reserve Bank of India Affiliation
Answer: Risk-based Internal Audit
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) extended risk-based internal audit (RBIA) system for housing finance
companies to improve quality of their internal audit system. The system will apply to all deposit-taking
housing finance companies irrespective of their size, and those non-deposit-taking housing finance
companies with asset size of 5,000 crore and above.
104. Which Freedom fighter formed the ‘Hindustan Republic Association’ and was sentenced for
Kakori Incident?
[A] Chandrashekhar Azad
[B] Sukhdev Thapar
[C] Uddham Singh
[D] Ram Prasad Bismil
Answer: Ram Prasad Bismil
Ram Prasad Bismil was known for his powerful patriotic poems in Urdu and Hindi under the pen names
of ‘Bismil’, ‘Ram’ and ‘Agyat’. He formed the Hindustan Republic Association, which had leaders like
Bhagat Singh and Chandrashekhar Azad. After the trial in the Kakori looting incident, four revolutionaries
including Ram Prasad Bismil were sentenced to be hanged.
105. A Management System called ‘CAIMS’ is an initiative of which Union Ministry?
[A] Ministry of External Affairs

[B] Ministry of MSME

[C] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[D] Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
Answer: Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports
Union Minister for Youth Affairs and Sports Kiren Rijiju launched the Central Athlete Injury Management
System (CAIMS). It aims to streamline the medicine and rehabilitation support offered to the athletes.
CAIMS also aims to provide the best sports injury management support nearest to the athlete's location.
It will help to standardize injury treatment protocol for athletes across the country.
106. ‘Carbis Bay Declaration’ is associated with which summit/conference?
[A] G-7 summit 2021
[B] G-20 summit 2021
[C] World Health Assembly
[D] WWDC 2021
Answer: G-7 summit 2021
After the G7 summit 2021 was organised in the UK’s Cornwall city, the leaders are set to issue the Carbis
Bay Declaration. It is a Global Anti-pandemic Action plan. During the summit, President Joe Biden
proposed that the US-backed Build Back Better World (B3W) plan to be a better alternative to the BRI
initiative of China.
107. Which African country conducted a nationwide massive campaign to plant five million trees on
a single day?
[A] Zimbabwe
[B] Ghana
[C] Ethiopia
[D] Egypt
Answer: Ghana
West African nation Ghana launched the “Green Ghana” programme, a massive drive to plant five million
trees. The campaign aims to save depleting forest reserves. President Nana Akufo-Addo planted a
memorial tree in the garden of Jubilee House, in the capital, Accra. The government provided free
seedlings to people across the country. Ghana is one of the tropical countries with the highest
percentage of rainforest loss in the world.
108. Henri Marie Dondra has been selected as the new Prime Minister of which country?
[A] Ghana
[B] Central African Republic (CAR)
[C] Zimbabwe
[D] South Africa
Answer: Central African Republic (CAR)
Henri Marie Dondra has been named the new Prime Minister of the Central African Republic (CAR), as
per the statement released by the country’s Presidency. Former Prime Minister Firmin Ngrebada
announced his resignation earlier. Henri Marie Dondra has served as the Finance Minister of the country.
109. Rebecca Grynspan, is the first woman official to head which international body?
[A] FAO
[B] UNCTAD
[C] IMF
[D] ECB
Answer: UNCTAD

The UN General Assembly has recently approved the nomination of Rebecca Grynspan to head the
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, known as UNCTAD. The Costa Rican economist
is the first woman and Central American to lead the Geneva-based organization. She previously served
as UNDP’s Regional director for Latin America and the Caribbean.
110. After crossing the ......... milestone for the first time, India ties with Russia as the fourth largest
Forex reserve holder in the world.
[A] $ 300 billion
[B] $ 400 billion
[C] $ 500 billion
[D] $ 600 billion
Answer: $ 600 billion
India's foreign exchange reserves crossed $600 billion for the first time. The foreign exchange reserves
stood at $605.008 billion, almost tying with Russia as the fourth largest reserve holder in the world
($605.2 billion). It took just about a year for the reserves to rise by $100 billion to reach this highest ever
figure. The huge accumulation of reserves has also significantly improved the import cover of India.
111. What is the name of the app launched by the Ayush Ministry for the ‘International Yoga Day
2021’?
[A] Yoga Science
[B] Namaste Yoga
[C] Yoga For All
[D] Bharat Yoga
Answer: Namaste Yoga
The curtain raiser event for the 7th International Day of Yoga was organised recently. A mobile
application, “Namaste Yoga” was also launched during the event. The event also marked the beginning
of a series on Common Yoga Protocol to be telecast on DD India channel. The series is produced by
produced Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY). International Day of Yoga is celebrated on
June 21.
112. What per cent of GST is levied for COVID vaccines in India?
[A] 5 %
[B] 10%
[C] 18%
[D] 28%
Answer: 5 %
During the 44th GST Council meeting, the tax rate on the supplies was cut and medicines for treating the
black fungus infection were exempted off GST. This was decided based on the recommendations of the
group of ministers (GoM) constituted to advise on the tax rates of COVID-related essential items. COVID
vaccines will continue to be taxed at five per cent GST.
113. FAME-II scheme, which was making news recently, is associated with which Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Commerce and Industry
[B] Ministry of MSME
[C] Ministry of Heavy Industries
[D] Ministry of Finance
Answer: Ministry of Heavy Industries
Government approved Phase-II of FAME Scheme with an outlay of Rs. 10,000 Crore for a period of 3
years from 1st April 2019. FAME stands for ‘Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles’.

The Ministry of Heavy Industry has announced incentives for India-made electric two-wheelers, as an
amendment to the ongoing FAME-II scheme. The subsidy rate for electric two-wheelers is increased to
Rs 15,000/kWh, from the previous rate of Rs 10,000/kWh.
114. Margherita Hack, who featured in the Google Doodle recently, is associated with which field?
[A] Sports
[B] Astronomy
[C] Business
[D] Politics
Answer: Astronomy
Margherita Hack, also called as the “Lady of the Stars", was a famous Italian astrophysicist. She was
born on June 12, 1922, in Florence, Italy. Google honoured Margherita Hack with a doodle on her 99th
birth anniversary. She was the first female director of the Trieste Astronomical Observatory. She had
also discovered the asteroid 8558 Hack, which was named in her honour.
115. Which Ministry has approved a new policy for Declassification of War histories?
[A] Ministry of Home Affairs
[B] Ministry of Defence
[C] Ministry of External Affairs
[D] Ministry of Information and Broadcasting
Answer: Ministry of Defence
Ministry of Defence has approved a new policy on the archiving, declassification and publication of
war/operations histories. Under the policy, the Defence organisations, such as the Army, Navy, Air force,
Coast Guard, Integrated Defence Staff and Assam Rifles, would transfer their records to the Ministry’s
History Division for recording of history.
116. Which organisation has manufactured the Advanced Light Helicopters (ALH) Mk-III inducted
into the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) recently?
[A] HAL
[B] DRDO
[C] BEL
[D] OFB
Answer: HAL
State-run aerospace organisation Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) manufactured three Advanced Light
Helicopters, which were inducted into the Indian Coast Guard. These helicopters, which are part of ALH
Mk-III programme, will be positioned in Bhubaneswar, Porbandar, Chennai and Kochi. The ALHs will be
part of different Coast Guard Aviation Squadrons.
117. The NCPEDP-Javed Abidi Fellowship has been launched in association with which foundation?
[A] Azim Premji Foundation
[B] Red cross
[C] Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
[D] Akshaya Patra Foundation
Answer: Azim Premji Foundation
The National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People (NCPEDP), a non profit
organisation has announced the launch of NCPEDP-Javed Abidi Fellowship, in collaboration with Azim
Premji Foundation. This is a three-year fellowship programme designed for differently-abled youth
interested in disability rights and inclusion and seeking a career in the development sector.
118. Who has been appointed as an honorary member of the World Health Organization (WHO)
Global Air Pollution and Health-Technical Advisory Group?

[A] A K Sikri
[B] Mukesh Sharma
[C] Rheetika Khare
[D] Abhijit Banerjee
Answer: Mukesh Sharma
Mukesh Sharma, who is a professor at Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur has been appointed as
honorary member of WHO’s Global Air Pollution and Health-Technical Advisory Group (GAPH-TAG). His
appointment is made by Director General of WHO. The professor is an air quality expert with the civil
engineering department at IIT-Kanpur.
119. Who is the winner of the women's title of French Open tournament 2021?
[A] Barbora Krejcikova
[B] Naomi Osaka
[C] Simona Halep
[D] Jennifer Brady
Answer: Barbora Krejcikova
Barbora Krejcikova won her maiden Grand Slam singles title at the French Open Tournament 2021. She
became the first Czech woman in 40 years to win the tournament. She won the women's doubles titles at
the 2018 French Open, 2018 Wimbledon and 2021 French Open and the mixed doubles titles at the
Australian Open in 2019, 2020, and 2021.
120. Who is the first player in the last 52 years to win all four Grand Slams twice?
[A] Roger Federer
[B] Rafael Nadal
[C] Novak Djokovic
[D] Stefanos Tsitsipas
Answer: Novak Djokovic
Ace Tennis player Novak Djokovic made history with his 19th Grand Slam Title in the final of French
Open Tournament 2021. In a 5-set thriller, Novak Djokovic beat Stefanos Tsitsipas. Djokovic also
became the first in 52 years to win all 4 Grand Slams twice.

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Contents
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News Headlines ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
June 16, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 3
June 17, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
June 18, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 4
June 19, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
June 20, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 5
June 21, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
June 22, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6
June 23, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
June 24, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
June 25, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
June 26, 2021 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
June 27, 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
June 28, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
June 29, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 11
June 30, 2021 ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 12
June 16, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13
World Elder Abuse Awareness Day .................................................................................................................................................. 13
AEFI Panel confirms first Death linked to Vaccines ...................................................................................................................... 13
Australia-UK Free Trade Deal ........................................................................................................................................................... 14
Govt simplifies MSME registration process .................................................................................................................................... 14
NATO declares China a Global Security Challenge ...................................................................................................................... 15
Sustainable Development Report 2021 ............................................................................................................................................ 15
UNESCO Science Report .................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Twitter appoints interim Chief Compliance Officer for India .................................................................................................... 16
Boundary Between Solar System and Interstellar Space Mapped ............................................................................................. 17
PM Modi to address 5th edition of VivaTech ................................................................................................................................ 17
GI certified Jalgaon Banana exported to Dubai ............................................................................................................................. 18
Google Pay expands Cards Tokenization ........................................................................................................................................ 18
Biden-Putin Summit ............................................................................................................................................................................. 18
What is AY.1 variant of Coronavirus? .............................................................................................................................................. 19
June 18, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19
What is Juneteenth in US? .................................................................................................................................................................. 19
Japan to issue COVID-19 Vaccine Passport ................................................................................................................................... 20
Cabinet approves Deep Ocean Mission .......................................................................................................................................... 20
Panel on energy efficiency, low carbon tech ................................................................................................................................. 20
India extends USD 100 mn LoC to Sri Lanka ................................................................................................................................ 21
Stygarctus keralensis: New Tardigrade species named after Kerala ......................................................................................... 21
Hebbal-Nagawara Valley Project ...................................................................................................................................................... 22
World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought .................................................................................................................... 22
Cross-Disability Early Intervention Centers for children ............................................................................................................. 23
Restructuring of OFB into 7 Defence PSUs ................................................................................................................................... 23
Govt reduced Tariff on Edible Oil Import ...................................................................................................................................... 24
Global Peace Index 2021 .................................................................................................................................................................... 24
IMD's World Competitiveness Index ............................................................................................................................................... 25
Cabinet nod for Inland Vessels Bill ................................................................................................................................................... 25
June 19, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 25
Second National Sickle Cell Conclave to be inaugurated ............................................................................................................ 25
QCI launches Indian Certification of Medical Devices Plus Scheme ........................................................................................ 26
India Post to release a ‘Special Cancellation’ .................................................................................................................................. 26
India-Bhutan: MOU inked to cooperate in areas of Environment ............................................................................................ 27
Climate Change to Increase Sea Level in Lakshadweep: Study ................................................................................................. 27
Oil Spill from Haldia-bound Portuguese flag container ship ..................................................................................................... 28
ECI releases Atlas on 2019 General Elections ............................................................................................................................... 28
World's Third Largest Diamond Unearthed .................................................................................................................................. 29
Veteran Athlete Milkha Singh passes away .................................................................................................................................... 29

Indian Navy - European Union Naval Force Joint Exercise ........................................................................................................ 30

Summit for Vaccine Internationalism .............................................................................................................................................. 30
Centrum to takeover PMC Bank ....................................................................................................................................................... 31
Draft national strategy for Rural Development .............................................................................................................................. 31
Government to Reduce Road Accident Deaths by 50% ............................................................................................................. 32
UNDRR Report on Drought .............................................................................................................................................................. 32
June 21, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................. 33
International Yoga Day 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................. 33
Centre to link innovative agriculture technologies to farms in Northeast Region ................................................................. 33
Karnataka Coastal Zone Management Authority ......................................................................................................................... 34
India to host Summit on Green Hydrogen initiatives .................................................................................................................. 34
Chile to draft New Constitution ........................................................................................................................................................ 35
Social Justice Ministry sets up ’Divyangta Khel Kendras’ ............................................................................................................ 35
Tribal Affairs Ministry- NCERT partner for NISHTHA ............................................................................................................. 35
mYoga App ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 36
India-US launched Hydrogen Task Force ...................................................................................................................................... 36
What are Monoclonal antibodies? .................................................................................................................................................... 37
UN: India is 5th largest FDI recipient in 2020 .............................................................................................................................. 37
Tamil Nadu to set up Economic Advisory Council ...................................................................................................................... 38
SEBI Reconstitutes Takeover Panel .................................................................................................................................................. 38
Flex-fuel Engines to get mandatory in India .................................................................................................................................. 39
June 22, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 39
What is Virtual Water analysis? ......................................................................................................................................................... 39
Laurel Hubbard: 1st Trans Olympian .............................................................................................................................................. 39
Throat Gargle Sample Test for Children ....................................................................................................................................... 40
Swedish PM Stefan Lofven loses no-confidence vote ................................................................................................................. 40
Japan to allow 10,000 local fans at Olympics ................................................................................................................................ 41
Cassava: Feedstock for Bioethanol Production .............................................................................................................................. 41
UN: Great Barrier Reef should be listed as 'in danger’ ............................................................................................................... 42
Israel successfully tests airborne high-power Laser ...................................................................................................................... 42
Yellow Gold 48: Yellow Watermelon commercially introduced ............................................................................................... 43
Proposed Amendments to Consumer Protection (E-commerce) Rules, 2020 ...................................................................... 43
Assam signs MoU with Survey of India to implement Svamitva .............................................................................................. 43
UN Annual Report on children and armed conflict ..................................................................................................................... 44
Odisha: Only state to have all three species of crocodiles .......................................................................................................... 44
June 23, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 45
Study: Benefits in Punjab due to BT Cotton adoption ................................................................................................................ 45
World’s first GM Rubber planted in Assam ................................................................................................................................... 45
India-Fiji MoU for Cooperation in Agriculture ............................................................................................................................. 46
Green Tariff Policy launched ............................................................................................................................................................ 46
ZyCoV-D: World's first DNA-based Vaccine ................................................................................................................................ 47
Mizoram announces incentives for having more children ......................................................................................................... 48
Delhi launched Mukhyamantri Covid-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana .......................................................................... 48
International Olympic Day 2021 ...................................................................................................................................................... 49
WHO Report: Suicide worldwide in 2019 ..................................................................................................................................... 49
Gujarat launches Agricultural Diversification Scheme ................................................................................................................. 50
Reuters Digital News Report, 2021 .................................................................................................................................................. 50
Moody's: India's growth projection at 9.6 per cent for 2021 .................................................................................................... 51
BRICS Green Hydrogen Summit ...................................................................................................................................................... 51
Cabinet approves merger of CWC-CRWC ..................................................................................................................................... 51
Jamsetji Tata: World's top philanthropist of last century ............................................................................................................ 52
India- USA Navy Passage Exercise ................................................................................................................................................... 52
June 24, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 53
Cochin International Airport wins honour in airport service quality. ....................................................................................... 53
CII-IGBC launches Green High-Speed Rail Rating System ........................................................................................................ 53
Cabinet approves PMGKY 4.0 ......................................................................................................................................................... 54
Checklist of Colombian Butterflies- Highlights ............................................................................................................................. 54
Ingenuity undertakes 8th flight on the Mars ................................................................................................................................. 55

IIT Madras launches 'Centre for Research on Start-Ups and Risk Financing’ ....................................................................... 55
G20 Education Ministers’ Meeting .................................................................................................................................................. 56
G20 Labour and Employment Ministers’ Meeting ....................................................................................................................... 56
LIC introduces Technology Platform ‘e-PGS’ ............................................................................................................................... 57
International Widows Day 2021 ....................................................................................................................................................... 57
WHO: Delta variant may become dominant lineage .................................................................................................................... 58
CEOS COAST: ISRO- NOAA Project endorsed by UN Body .................................................................................................. 58
India to provide CoWIN technology to other countries .............................................................................................................. 58
India-Bhutan: Tax Inspectors Without Borders Initiative ............................................................................................................ 59
United Nations Public Service Day 2021 ........................................................................................................................................ 59
June 25, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 60
Kerala's Kaval Plus programme ........................................................................................................................................................ 60
Warren Buffett exits from the Gates Foundation ......................................................................................................................... 60
World Bank sanctions funds for Andhra's SALT programme ................................................................................................... 61
S&P Cuts India's Growth Forecast to 9.5% .................................................................................................................................... 61
Twitter- Razorpay tie up for Tip Jar feature ................................................................................................................................. 62
RIL launches New Clean Energy Business ...................................................................................................................................... 62
PM Modi asks to focus on 'toyconomy' ......................................................................................................................................... 63
China to run First Electric Train in Tibet ....................................................................................................................................... 63
NSDC-WhatsApp launched Digital Skill Champions Programme ........................................................................................... 64
Study: Nano-decoys from human LSCs can neutralize SARS-CoV-2 ..................................................................................... 64
Mizoram Health Systems Strengthening Project .......................................................................................................................... 65
West Bengal approves Student Credit Card scheme ................................................................................................................... 65
UN World Drug Report 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................... 66
FM addressed USISPF-Global Investors Meet .............................................................................................................................. 66
China plans First Manned MARS Mission in 2033 ..................................................................................................................... 66
June 26, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 67
Denmark signs ‘ISA FA’ ..................................................................................................................................................................... 67
6 years of Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT and PMAY-U ........................................................................................................... 67
NITI Aayog: National Convention on Prevention of Obesity .................................................................................................... 68
India's First IAC to be commissioned in 2022 .............................................................................................................................. 69
RBI: New Dividend Payout norms for NBFCs .............................................................................................................................. 69
BIS: India's bank credit-to-GDP ratio grows 56% in 2020 ...................................................................................................... 70
Kerala sets up Committee for Safety of Fishers ........................................................................................................................... 70
Japan to help India build Vaccine Cold Chain Facilities ............................................................................................................... 71
IIT Delhi develops Rapid Antigen Test Kit for COVID-19 ......................................................................................................... 71
Serbia grants market access for Indian Horticulture Products .................................................................................................. 71
New human species discovered in Israel ........................................................................................................................................ 72
International Day of the Seafarer 2021 ........................................................................................................................................... 72
Smart City Awards, 2020 .................................................................................................................................................................. 73
DRDO successfully test fires enhanced Pinaka Rockets .............................................................................................................. 73
Itat e-dwar: e-filing portal of IT Appellate Tribunal ................................................................................................................... 74
June 28, 2021 ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 74
Goa: First Rabies-free state ................................................................................................................................................................ 74
New Definition of Small and medium companies (SMC) .......................................................................................................... 75
Odisha- WFP tie up to empower SHGs .......................................................................................................................................... 75
FAME scheme extended till 2024 .................................................................................................................................................... 76
International Day against Drug Abuse ............................................................................................................................................ 77
ESA to hire First Disabled Astronaut .............................................................................................................................................. 77
Indian Private players allowed to build and operate rocket launch sites ................................................................................. 78
Report: Indians invested $40 bn in cryptocurrency in 2020 .................................................................................................... 78
Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project - Key Facts ............................................................................................................................... 79
Taj named strongest hotel brand in the world ............................................................................................................................. 79
Amazon Web Services acquires encrypted messaging app Wickr ............................................................................................ 80
Exotic dragon fruit from Maharashtra exported to Dubai ......................................................................................................... 80
Riots in Lebanon over economy ........................................................................................................................................................ 81
DRDO flight test New-Gen Nuclear Capable Ballistic Missile Agni P ..................................................................................... 82
June 29, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 82

UK bans World’s Largest Crypto Exchange ................................................................................................................................... 82

FAO Report: Indigenous Peoples’ food systems ........................................................................................................................... 83
SEBI- Franklin Templeton case ........................................................................................................................................................ 83
Finance Minister announces Stimulus Package ............................................................................................................................. 84
China starts Baihetan Hydro Project ................................................................................................................................................ 85
National Statistics Day 2021 .............................................................................................................................................................. 86
Ukraine-NATO launch Black Sea drills .......................................................................................................................................... 86
Mastercard-Instamojo tie up to assist MSMEs, Gig workers .................................................................................................... 87
Govt to link e-courts with land records ......................................................................................................................................... 87
Assam's Burmese grapes exported to Dubai ................................................................................................................................. 88
P. Sainath awarded 2021 Fukuoka Prize ........................................................................................................................................ 88
Mobile World Congress 2021 ........................................................................................................................................................... 89
UN Report on Racial Justice and Equality ...................................................................................................................................... 90
NASA to create computer models to protect delta system ....................................................................................................... 90
June 30, 2021 ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 91
Odisha to set up "Investment Promotion Agency" in all districts .............................................................................................. 91
Justice Department launches “Enforcing Contracts Portal” ........................................................................................................ 91
NITI Aayog: Study on 'Not-for-Profit' hospital model ............................................................................................................... 92
China certified Malaria-free ............................................................................................................................................................... 93
What is European Union’s Green Pass list? .................................................................................................................................... 93
Russia begins construction of 5th Nuclear Power Unit at Kudankulam ................................................................................. 94
SEBI amends norms for Independent Directors ........................................................................................................................... 94
Saudi to launch a Second National Airline ..................................................................................................................................... 95
Moderna: India licenses fourth Covid vaccine ............................................................................................................................... 96
Aadhaar can be ID proof for GRE, TOEFL ................................................................................................................................... 96
India cuts Crude Palm Oil Import Tax ........................................................................................................................................... 97
GoI extends tenure of NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant ............................................................................................................ 97
India ranks 10th in Cybersecurity Index ......................................................................................................................................... 98
120 Multiple Choice Questions ................................................................................................................................................................. 99
Note: .............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 126

News Headlines
June 16, 2021
INDIA
– Centre issues new guidelines to regulate attendance in govt offices; all officers at the level of
Under Secretary and above to attend offices on all working days from June 16 until June 30
– SC orders closure of case against two Italian marines accused of killing 2 Kerala fishermen in 2012
– Bihar-based LJP (Lok Janshakti Party) implodes, five Lok sabha MPs oust Chirag Paswan as leader,
elect Pashupati Kumar Paras
– Centre probing charges of over a lakh fake COVID tests during Kumbh Mela in Haridwar
– Rajasthan govt. to set up Vedic Education and Sanskar Board to revive the knowledge of ancient
Sanskrit scriptures
– EAM S. Jaishankar discusses bilateral cooperation with his Qatari counterpart Mohammed bin
Abdulrahman Al-Thani in Doha
– EAM S. Jaishankar inaugurates renovated Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Library in Nairobi, Kenya
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Canara Bank to be lead sponsor of NARCL (National Asset Reconstruction Company Limited) or
bad bank, to pick up 12% stake
– RBI proposes to lift interest rate cap on microfinance institutions
– RBI bans DHFL from taking deposits under Piramal Group management, reclassifies it as non-
deposit taking housing finance company
– Financial wealth in India grew 11 per cent to USD 3.4 trillion in 2020: BCG
– Centre allocates 78,000 tonnes of FCI (Food Corporation of India) rice for ethanol production
– Govt simplifies registration process for MSMEs; Only PAN card and Aadhaar required now
– Finance Ministry officials to hold meeting with Infosys on issues and glitches in recently launched
e-filing portal on June 22
– Centre invites objections and suggestions on draft rules relating to Employee’s Compensation
under Code on Social Security, 2020
– “NAFED Fortified Rice Bran Oil” launched; NAFED is National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing
Federation of India Ltd
– Shipping Ministry and Civil Aviation Ministry signs MoU for development of Sea Plane Services in
India
WORLD
– World Elder Abuse Awareness Day observed on June 15
– Soldiers from India and Sri Lanka serving with the United Nations Mission in South Sudan
(UNMISS) presented medals
– NATO leaders declare China a global security challenge
– Covid: WHO urges countries to bridge $16 bn funding gap for ACT (Access to COVID-19 Tools)
Accelerator
– UK’s PM Boris Johnson and his Australian counterpart Scott Morrison agree on free trade
agreement (FTA)
– NATO nations expand defence clause to jointly respond to attacks in space
– China, India and Pakistan expanding their nuclear arsenals: SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace
Research Institute)
SPORTS
– Football: India end FIFA World Cup qualifying campaign with 1-1 draw against Afghanistan in
Doha
– India’s D. Gukesh wins $15,000 Gelfand Challenge chess title

June 17, 2021

INDIA
– MoU signed between the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways and Ministry of Culture and
Tourism for Cooperation in Development of National Maritime Heritage Complex at Lothal in
Gujarat
– Twitter appoints interim Chief Compliance Officer for India as mandated under new IT rules
– IIT Bombay Hosts Conference of BRICS Network Universities as part of 13th BRICS Summit
– Statue of Colonel B Santosh Babu, who had lost his life during the India-China face-off at Galwan
Valley in Ladakh on June 15, 2020, inaugurated in Suryapet town of Telangana
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Mandatory hallmarking of gold jewellery and artefacts comes into effect from June 16; jewellers in
256 districts will be allowed to sell only 14, 18 and 22 carats of gold jewellery
– TRAI launches TV Channel Selector web portal for people to check, modify subscription
– Union Cabinet approves nutrient-based subsidy (NBS) for Phosphatic and Potassic (P&K) fertilisers
– NHAI makes drone survey mandatory for all national highway projects
– Cabinet approves Deep Ocean Mission to explore deep ocean for resources; Ministry of Earth
Sciences (MoES) will be the nodal ministry
– ADB, India sign $484 million loan to upgrade road network in Tamil Nadu industrial corridor
WORLD
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh participates in ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting Plus (ADMM-
Plus) via video conferencing
– PM Modi delivers keynote address at the 5th edition of VivaTech through video conferencing
– International Day of Family Remittances observed on June 16. Theme: ‘Recovery and resilience
through digital and financial inclusion’
June 18, 2021
INDIA
– Union Minister Thaawarchand Gehlot inaugurates 14 Cross Disability Early Intervention Centres
across the country to provide support to infants and young children at risk of or with disabilities
– Defence Minister inaugurates 12 strategic projects of Border Roads Organisation (BRO)
– Home Ministry operationalizes national helpline (155260), reporting platform for preventing cyber
fraud
– Government releases Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas of India
– Haryana announces Rs 5,000 one-time aid for labourers, shopkeepers hit by pandemic
– Zeinorin Stephen Angkang of Manipur selected by the Geneva-based Kofi Annan Foundation as one
of world’s 12 ‘exceptional young leaders’ for the Kofi Annan Changemakers 2021 initiative
– Possible 3rd Covid wave not more likely to affect kids: WHO-AIIMS survey
– Pashupati Kumar Paras elected president of Lok Janshakti Party
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Govt. approves restructuring of Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) into 7 new corporate entities
– Govt slashes tariff value for edible oil import, may lead to lower domestic prices
– Union Cabinet approves Inland Vessels Bill, 2021, which will replace the Inland Vessels Act, 1917;
provides a unified law for the entire country, instead of separate rules framed by the States
– India extends USD 100 million Line of Credit to Sri Lanka for solar energy projects
– Montek Ahluwalia named member of World Bank-IMF High-Level Advisory Group
– Govt. appoints Aashish Chandorkar as ‘Counsellor’ in India’s Permanent Mission in WTO
– Indians’ funds in Swiss banks rise to 2.55 billion Swiss francs (over Rs 20,700 crore) in 2020
WORLD
– India maintains 43rd rank on IMD’s World Competitiveness Index; Switzerland tops chart

– 15th edition of Global Peace Index (GPI) released by Sydney-based Institute for Economics and
Peace (IEP); Iceland world’s most peaceful country, Afghanistan least peaceful
– U.S. President Joe Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin conclude summit meeting in Geneva
– China sends astronauts to its new space station Tiangong onboard spacecraft Shenzhou-12
– Microsoft names CEO Satya Nadella as its new Chairman
– World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought observed on June 17; theme:
“Restoration.Land.Recovery”
– British lawyer Karim Khan sworn in as chief prosecutor for the International Criminal Court
SPORTS
– Former Karnataka all-rounder B. Vijayakrishna dies at 71; was member of Karnataka team that
won three Ranji Trophy titles
– IOA signs MPL Sports Foundation as principal sponsor events till 2022 including Tokyo Olympics
and the 2022 Asian Games & Commonwealth Games
June 19, 2021
INDIA
– PM Modi launches Customised Crash Course programme for COVID-19 Frontline Workers; 1 lakh
COVID warriors to be trained in 2-3 months
– NGT forms committee for rejuvenation of Ganga tributaries Varuna and Assi rivers in Varanasi
– Study shows chances of hospitalisation reduce by 75 to 80 per cent after vaccination, says Member
Health, NITI Aayog, Dr V K Paul
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Foreign exchange reserves surged by USD 3.074 billion to reach a record high of USD 608.081
billion in the week ended June 11
– CSIR (Council of Scientific and Industrial Research) ties up with Tata MD, a subsidiary of the Tata
Group, to develop mobile testing laboratories to increase COVID-19 testing capacity in rural India
WORLD
– India participating in ‘EUNAVFOR’ joint naval exercise in Gulf of Aden on June 18-19
– European Union Naval Force Somalia (EUNAVFOR) is the EU’s counter-piracy mission off the
coast of Somalia
– India launches new trilateral with Italy and Japan for Indo-Pacific stability
– Zambia’s founding president, Kenneth Kaunda, dies aged 97 in Lusaka
– UN refugee agency says 3 mn driven from homes in 2020 despite Covid crisis
– Antonio Guterres re-elected as UN Secretary General for 2nd 5-year term beginning January 1,
2022
– Sustainable Gastronomy Day observed on June 18
June 20, 2021
INDIA
– Centre asks state governments to register cases and invoke the stringent Epidemic Diseases
(Amendment) Act, 2020 against those who indulge in assault on doctors and healthcare professionals
– Education Ministry releases guidelines for parent participation in home-based learning during
school closure
– Minority Affairs Ministry to launch nationwide “Jaan Hai To Jahaan Hai” awareness campaign on
Covid-19 vaccination
– Centre’s transgender ID portal now available in 11 languages including Hindi and English
– India Post to issue special cancellation stamp to mark International Yoga Day (June 21)
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– DPIIT (Department of Industry and Internal Trade) Secretary Guruprasad Mohapatra dies of Covid-
related complications at the age of 59

– NIXI (National Internet Exchange of India) announces personalised email for .IN users
WORLD
– UN General Assembly adopts resolution calling upon Myanmar armed forces to end the state of
emergency and ensure transition to democracy; India abstains from voting
– 60-year old Ebrahim Raisi elected new President of Iran
– International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in Conflict observed on June 21
– Guinea declares end to latest Ebola outbreak that killed 12: WHO
– IMF proposes setting up of an international carbon price floor to help limit global warming
SPORTS
– Athletics legend and Padma Shri (1959) winner Milkha Singh dies at the age of 91; won 4 gold
medals at Asian Games (2 each at 1958 Tokyo and 1962 Jakarta Games) and finished 4th in the
400m final of the 1960 Rome Olympics
June 21, 2021
INDIA
– Any lapse in stating COVID-19 as the cause of demise in a death certificate will have penal
consequences for those found responsible, including the certifying doctor: Centre
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– SEBI halts PNB Housing Finances’ preferential issue of shares worth up to Rs 4,000 crore to
Carlyle Group
– India to host BRICS Summit on Green Hydrogen Initiatives on June 22-23, online event will be
anchored by PSU NTPC Ltd
– Adani Power to acquire 1,200 MW Essar Powers’ Mahan project in Singrauli district of MP
WORLD
– World Refugee Day observed on June 20, theme: “Together we heal, learn and shine”
– World Sickle Cell Awareness Day observed on June 19; sickle cell is an inherited blood disorder
SPORTS
– Govt. to set up 5 Divyangta Khel Kendras in different parts of country: Social Justice and
Empowerment Minister Thaawarchand Gehlot
– BCCI to donate Rs 10 crore for Olympic-bound athletes’ preparations
– Red Bull’s Max Verstappen wins Formula One French Grand Prix
June 22, 2021
YOGA DAY
– International Day of Yoga celebrated on June 21, theme: ‘Yoga for well-being’
– PM launches “mYoga” mobile app which has training videos and audios on International Day of
Yoga (June 21)
– “mYoga” mobile app developed by the Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga, Ministry of Ayush
in partnership with WHO
INDIA
– Supreme Court says govt must simplify COVID-19 death certification process
– NHRC constitutes 7-member committee to enquire into complaints of post poll violence in West
Bengal
– J&K govt. cancels Amarnath Yatra for this year due to COVID-19
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– India receives $64 bn FDI in 2020, fifth largest recipient of inflows: World Investment Report 2021
of UNCTAD (UN Conference on Trade and Development)
– Govt extends waiver of Inter-State Transmission charges on transmission of electricity generated
from solar and wind sources till June 2025
– Raghuram Rajan, Arvind Subramanian, Esther Duflo and Jean Dreze appointed in the Economic

Advisory Council to the Tamil Nadu chief minister

WORLD
– Armenia’s acting PM, Nikol Pashinyan and his Civil Contract Party win parliamentary election
– Sweden’s parliament ousts PM Stefan Lofven in no-confidence vote
– Taiwanese staff to leave Hong Kong office in ‘one China’ row
– World Music Day celebrated on June 21
– International Day of the Celebration of the Solstice observed by UN on June 21
June 23, 2021
INDIA
– Britain posts liaison officer at Indian Navy’s Information Fusion Centre at Gurgaon
– Kerala High Court stays order of Lakshadweep administration to remove meat products from the
menu of midday meals for school children
– J&K amends service rules, new recruits required to provide mobile numbers used in 5 years &
details of in-laws
– Assam signs MoU with Survey of India for rural property survey for implementing the Svamitva
scheme in the state
– Karnataka court directs ex-PM H. D. Deve Gowda to pay Rs 2 cr damages to NICE (Nandi
Infrastructure Corridor Enterprises)
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Goa Shipyard Ltd gets contract to build two Pollution Control Vessels for the Indian Coast Guard
for Rs 583 crores
– ARDE (Armament Research and Development Establishment), Pune develops State-of-the-Art
Canopy Severance System for fighter aircraft which helps safe ejection of pilot in distress
– National Companies Law Tribunal (NCLT) approves Jet Airways’ revival plan submitted by a
consortium of London-based Kalrock Capital and UAE-based businessman Murari Lal Jalan
– Buy electronic weighing machines for ration shops from ePoS (electronic Point of Sale) savings:
Centre to States
– WCD Minister Smriti Irani and MoS for Education Sanjay Dhotre inaugurate Toycathon 2021 grand
finale
– India, Fiji sign MoU for cooperation in Agriculture and Allied Sectors
WORLD
– UNESCO says Australia’s Great Barrier Reef should be listed as ‘in danger’
– Cuba says its 3-shot Abdala vaccine 92.28% effective against coronavirus; not using foreign
vaccines
SPORTS
– Athletics: Tajinderpal Singh Toor qualifies for Tokyo Games in shot-put with new Asian record
throw of 21.49 metres in the Indian Grand Prix IV in Patiala
June 24, 2021
INDIA
– India, US holding mega wargame in Indian Ocean on June 23-24
– G20 Labour and Employment Ministers’ Meeting held in New Delhi; Minister for Labour and
Employment Santosh Gangwar participated
– G20 Education Ministers’ Meeting hosted by Italy; Minister of State for Education Sanjay Dhotre
participated
– Carnatic music singer and Padma Shri award-winner Parassala B. Ponnammal dies at 96 in Kerala
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Enforcement Directorate (ED) transfers attached assets worth Rs 9,371 crore to public sector
banks which had incurred losses on account of bank frauds by Vijay Mallya, Mehul Choksi and Nirav

Modi
– Cabinet approves allocation of additional foodgrain under PMGKY (Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan
Yojana), Phase IV for another period of five months from July to November
– Centre removes distinction between domestic and international OSPs (Other Service Providers)
allowing BPO centres with common telecom resources to serve customers located worldwide
– Cabinet approves agreement with Saint Vincent and The Grenadines for tax information exchange
– IBM-IISc Hybrid Cloud lab launched to advance research in hybrid cloud technologies
– Gujarat govt. to provide subsidy of up to ₹20,000 on electric two-wheelers, ₹50,000 on electric
three-wheelers and ₹1,50,000 on electric four-wheelers
– Financial savings down to 8.2% of GDP in the December quarter of 2020-21, were 10.4% in July-
September: RBI
– Cash deposits of up to ₹2.5 lakh by housewife’s post demonetisation will not come under I-T
scrutiny: Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT)
– LIC introduces centralised web-enabled workflow-based technology platform ‘e-PGS’
WORLD
– India ranked 31 out of 46 countries on level of trust in news: Reuters Institute Digital News Report,
2021
– Central bank digital currencies can offer finality, liquidity, integrity: BIS (Bank for International
Settlements)
– Hong Kong pro-democracy paper Apple Daily confirms closure; owner Jimmy Lai currently in jail
– International Widows’ Day observed on June 23, theme: “Invisible Women, Invisible Problems”
– United Nations Public Service Day celebrated on June 23 under the theme: “Innovating the Future
Public Service: New Government Models for a New Era to Reach the SDGs”
– Bhutan’s Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB) programme launched in partnership with India
SPORTS
– International Olympic Day celebrated on June 23; International Olympic Committee (IOC) founded
on 23 June 1894 in Sorbonne, Paris
– India’s official Olympic theme song titled “Lakshya Tera Samne Hai” launched; composed and sung
by Mohit Chauhan
– New Zealand beat India by eight wickets in the final of World Test Championship (WTC) at Rose
Bowl, Southampton, England
June 25, 2021
INDIA
– PM meets J&K leaders in New Delhi including 4 ex-CMs: Farooq Abdullah, Ghulam Nabi Azad,
Omar Abdullah and Mehbooba Mufti
– Dr. Harsh Vardhan addresses the virtual event to Highlight 25 Years of Global Tobacco Control
Progress
– Former Kerala Health Minister K. K. Shailaja awarded Central European University (CEU) Open
Society Prize in recognition of her commitment to public health services
TOYCATHON
– PM interacts with participants of Toycathon-2021 via video conferencing
– Toycathon-2021 jointly launched by the Ministry of Education, WCD Ministry, MSME Ministry,
DPIIT, Textile Ministry, I&B Ministry and AICTE in January 2021 to crowd-source innovative toys
and games ideas
– 1,567 ideas were shortlisted for the three-day online Toycathon Grand Finale held from June 22 to
June 24
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Ministry of corporate affairs expands definition of small and medium companies (SMC), raising
their turnover (Rs 250 crore) and borrowing limits (Rs 50 crore)

– NBFCs can give dividend only if accounts are clean, NPAs not hidden, and are below 6% for the
last three years: RBI
– S&P Global Ratings cuts India’s growth forecast for 2021-22 to 9.5 per cent, from 11 per cent
earlier
– Army issues tender for 1,750 Futuristic Infantry Combat Vehicles (FICVs) under the Make in India
initiative
– Minister of Petroleum and Natural Gas and Steel Dharmendra Pradhan holds meeting with OPEC
Secretary General Mohammed Sanusi Barkindo
– Odisha govt joins hands with UN WFP to improve household food & nutritional security through
women SHGs
– World Bank providing $32 million loan for Mizoram Health Systems Strengthening Project
– SBI launches Aarogyam healthcare business loan for healthcare sector; hospitals, nursing homes
can avail of loans up to Rs 100 crore (as per the geographic location) repayable in 10 years
WORLD
– India votes in favour of a General Assembly resolution demanding end on U.S. economic blockade
against Cuba
– Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) meeting of NSAs (national security advisors) held in
Tajikistan’s capital Dushanbe
– World Health Organization’s Tedros Ghebreyesus, World Intellectual Property Organization’s
Daren Tang and World Trade Organization’s Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala launch joint platform to help
countries plug the gaps in accessing Covid-19 vaccines, treatments and technologies
– Around 275 million people used drugs worldwide in 2020 says World Drug Report of UNODC (U.N.
Office on Drugs and Crime)
– Last print edition of pro-democracy newspaper Apple Daily sold out across Hong Kong
– Philippines: Former President (2020-2016) Benigno Aquino III dies at 61
– John McAfee (75), antivirus software pioneer, found dead in Spanish prison
SPORTS
– Portugal striker Cristiano Ronaldo (109 goals) becomes joint top-scorer in men’s international
football with Iran’s Ali Daei
June 26, 2021
INDIA
– U.P. ranked best state under Smart Cities Mission by Housing & Urban Affairs Ministry; Indore &
Surat jointly named best cities
– CBSE to hold optional exams in August; Class 10, 12 students unhappy with assessment formula
can take it, says Education Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal Nishank
– NITI Aayog organizes National Consultation on Prevention of Maternal, Adolescent and Childhood
Obesity
– MIB Prakash Javadekar relaunches IIMC’s (Indian Institute of Mass Communication) research
Journals, Communicator & Sanchar Madhyam
– India, China agree on need to find early resolution to remaining issues along LAC (Line of Actual
Control) in Eastern Ladakh
– MoS Education Sanjay Dhotre launches RAT (Rapid Antigen Test) kit for COVID-19 developed by
IIT Delhi
– 2-day integrated bilateral exercise between Indian and US Forces in the Indian Ocean Region
concludes
– DRDO successfully test fires Enhanced Pinaka Rocket that can destroy targets at distances up to
45 kms
– China operationalises fully electrified bullet train connecting Tibet’s capital Lhasa and Nyingchi, a
Tibetan border town close to Arunachal Pradesh

COVID-19 IT EXEMPTIONS
– Govt announces tax exemption for expenditure on COVID-19 treatment, ex-gratia received
– Exemption allowed without any limit for the amount received from the employer
– Exemption limited to Rs. 10 lakhs in aggregate for the amount received from any other persons
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– India’s forex reserves decline by USD 4.148 billion to reach USD 603.933 billion for the week
ended June 18
– Finance Minister participates in global investors roundtable organised by US-India Strategic
Partnership Forum (USISPF)
– Govt extends the deadline of EV promotion scheme FAME-II (Faster Adoption and Manufacturing
of Electric Vehicles in India Phase II) till March 2024
– Law Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad launches ‘itat e-dwar’, an e-filing portal of Income Tax Appellate
Tribunal
– World Bank approves $125 million Resilient Kerala program to support state’s preparedness
against natural disasters
– Japan to provide USD 9.3 million aid to India for building cold chain system to fight COVID-19
– Serum Institute of India starts manufacturing Covovax, a COVID-19 vaccine developed by Novavax
Inc of US
WORLD
– Global terror financing watchdog FATF (Financial Action Task Force) retains Pakistan on its “grey
list” for not doing enough to curb terror funding
– Day of the Seafarer celebrated on June 25, this year’s campaign: “fair future for seafarers”
June 27, 2021
INDIA
– Social Justice & Empowerment Minister Thaawarchand Gehlot launches website for Nasha Mukt
Bharat Abhiyaan on the occasion of International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking
(June 26)
– Vigilance Commissioner Suresh N. Patel appointed acting central vigilance commissioner (CVC) in
the Central Vigilance Commission
– Over 1,500 publishers have submitted information in the formats prescribed under Information
Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021: Govt.
– Andhra Pradesh government dispenses with interviews for all future recruitments in govt. jobs
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Indian economy may grow 8.4-10.1% in current financial year: NCAER
– India exports first consignment of Dragon Fruit (Kamalam) sourced from Sangli district of
Maharashtra
WORLD
– International Day in Support of Victims of Torture observed on June 26
– International Day against Drug Abuse & Illicit Trafficking observed on June 26; theme ‘Share Facts
On Drugs, Save Lives’
– Paris-based Financial Action Task Force (FATF) adds Malta, Haiti, the Philippines and South Sudan
to gray list
– US: Former police officer Derek Chauvin sentenced to 22.5 years in death of George Floyd
– EAM S. Jaishankar calls on Greece’s PM Kyriakos Mitsotakis in Athens, holds bilateral talks with
Foreign Minister Nikos Dendias
SPORTS
– Archery World Cup in Paris: Abhishek Verma wins compound men’s individual gold
– Shooting World Cup in Osijek, Croatia: Manu Bhaker & Saurabh Chaudhary win silver in mixed air
pistol team event

June 28, 2021

INDIA
– Two personnel injured in twin blasts at Jammu Air Force Station caused by unmanned aerial
vehicles
– PM inaugurates Japanese Zen Garden and Kaizen Academy at Ahmedabad Management
Association
– Air Chief Marshal Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria calls on Chief of Bangladesh Air Force (BAF) Air
Marshal Shaikh Abdul Hannan at Dhaka
– INS Tabar deployed for naval exercises in Africa, Europe
– ‘Anomalies in Law and Justice’, a book by former SC judge Justice R V Raveendran released
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Railways improve operating ratio to 97.45% in 2020-21 from 98.36% in 2019-20
WORLD
– Micro-, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Day observed on June 27; theme: “MSME 2021: key to
an inclusive and sustainable recovery”
– U.K. Health Secretary Matt Hancock quits over breach of COVID-19 rules
SPORTS
– Red Bull’s Max Verstappen wins Formula One Styrian Grand Prix at Spielberg, Austria
– Indian women’s recurve team of Deepika Kumari, Ankita Bhakat and Komalika Bari win gold at
Archery World Cup Stage 3 in Paris
– Shafali Verma (17 years and 150 days) becomes youngest Indian cricketer to make debut across
formats
– Neeraj Chopra bags bronze medal in javelin throw at Kuortane Games in Finland at 86.79 metres
– Tamil Nadu CM M. K. Stalin announces Rs. 3 crore prize money for gold medal winners in Tokyo
Olympics
June 29, 2021
INDIA
– DRDO tests new generation nuclear capable missile Agni-P (Prime) having 1,000-2,000 km range
– Defence Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurates 63 bridges, built by BRO (Border Roads
Organisation), in 6 States and 2 Union Territories
– Tenure of Attorney General K.K. Venugopal extended by a year
– CoWIN open-source version to be given to 50 nations: R.S. Sharma, CEO, National Health
Authority (NHA) and CoWIN platform
– Telangana govt to provide Rs 10 lakh financial assistance to Dalit families under the Chief Minister
Dalit Empowerment Programme
RELIEF PACKAGE
– Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announces relief package of Rs 6,28,993 crore to support
Indian economy in fight against COVID-19 pandemic
– Rs 1.1 lakh crore loan guarantee scheme for COVID affected sectors such as health and tourism
– Additional Rs 1.5 lakh crore for Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS), Rs. 3 lakh
crore allocated earlier
– Credit Guarantee Scheme to facilitate loans to 25 lakh persons through Micro Finance Institutions
(MFIs)
– Free one-month Tourist Visa to first 5 lakh tourists
– Extension of Aatma Nirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana till 31st March 2022
– Additional subsidy of Rs. 14,775 crores for DAP & P&K fertilizers
– Extension of Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Anna Yojana (PMGKAY) – Free food grains from May to
November, 2021

– Rs. 23,220 crore more for public health with emphasis on children and paediatric care/paediatric
beds
– Revival of North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation (NERAMAC) with package
of Rs 77.45 crore
– Rs. 33,000 crore boost for project exports through National Export Insurance Account (NEIA)
– Rs. 88,000 crore boost to Export Insurance Cover
– Additional Rs. 19,041 crore for Broadband to each Village through BharatNet PPP Model;
BharatNet is a nationwide initiative to connect 6 lakh villages with optic fibre-based network for the
delivery of Internet services
– Extension of Tenure of PLI Scheme for Large Scale Electronics Manufacturing till 2025-26
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Dr Reddy’s Laboratories (DRL) launches DRDO drug 2-DG to treat moderate to severe Covid
patients
– National Insurance Awareness Day observed on June 28
– Burmese grapes referred as ‘Leteku’ in Assamese language exported from Guwahati
WORLD
– At UNSC, India flags issue of children being recruited for terrorism-related activities
– Indian journalist P. Sainath wins Japan’s Fukuoka Prize for 2021 for promoting civil cooperation
through his writing
– Ukraine and the United States launch Sea Breeze naval exercises in the Black Sea
– Sweden’s PM Stefan Lofven resigns
– China turns on world’s second-biggest hydropower dam, the Baihetan Dam on the Jinsha River
SPORTS
– India’s Rahi Sarnobat wins gold in women’s 25 metres pistol event at Shooting World Cup in
Croatia
June 30, 2021
INDIA
– SC directs States/UTs to implement the ‘one nation, one ration card scheme’ by July 31
– ISRO Chairman Dr. K. Sivan launches NHP (National Hydrology Project)–Bhuvan portal of NRSC
(National Remote Sensing Centre) to facilitate effective water resource development and
management
– Jal Shakti Ministry releases updated atlas of glacial lakes in Ganga river basin; will be used in
carrying out climate change impact analysis and disaster mitigation planning
– GSI (Geological Survey of India) releases report on flash flood on February 7 in Chamoli district of
Uttarakhand in which more than 200 died
– Indians value religious freedom and tolerance but not great at integration says a survey conducted
by Pew Research Center, a non-profit based in Washington DC
– President lays foundation stone of Bhimrao Ambedkar memorial being built by UP govt. in
Lucknow
– Atul Keshap appointed next U.S. Chargé D’affaires in India
ECONOMY & CORPORATE
– Web portal on “Enforcing Contracts” regime for Ease of Doing Business in India launched
– NATRAX (National Automotive Test Tracks): Asia’s longest High-Speed Track of 11.3 km for
vehicles’ testing inaugurated in Indore (MP)
– Russia’s Rosatom starts construction of Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) Unit 5 in Tamil
Nadu
– Government gives nod for Cipla to import Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine
– Johnson & Johnson says no trial needed in India for its single-dose Janssen COVID-19 vaccine
– Brazil suspends $324 million deal to buy Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin vaccine from India over

allegations of irregularities in the contract

– COVID-19: Five pharma majors — Cipla, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Emcure, Sun Pharma and
Torrent — to collaborate for clinical trials in India of antiviral drug Molnupiravir
– Tenure to NITI Aayog chief executive Amitabh Kant extended by one year till June 30, 2022
– US announces $41 million additional assistance to India for Covid response taking the total aid to
more than USD 200 million
WORLD
– US first, India tenth on ITU’s (International Telecommunication Union) Global Cyber Security
Index 2020
– Indian Ambassador to China Vikram Misri presents translated version of 10 classic works of
modern literature by Indian authors to the SCO (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) Secretariat in
Beijing
– External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar participates in G20 Foreign Ministers meeting at Matera in
Italy
– Indian Navy’s Hydrographic Survey ship INS Sarvekshak carrying out underwater survey around
MV Xpress Pearl that sank in Colombo harbour in June
– International Day of the Tropics celebrated on June 29
SPORTS
– Sydney McLaughlin of US creates new world record in women’s 400-meter hurdles at 51.90
seconds
June 16, 2021
World Elder Abuse Awareness Day
World Elder Abuse Awareness Day is marked on June 15 every year. The day raise awareness regarding
abuses (verbal, physical or emotional) suffered by elderly population across the world.
Theme
This year, theme of World Elder Abuse Awareness Day is ‘Access to Justice’.
Background
The day was started being celebrated in June 2006 following a request made to declare June 15 as a
special day for elders. However, United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) officially recognised the day in
2011.
In 2021, the day is more relevant in view of Covid-19 pandemic that has affected millions of lives worldwide.
Pandemic is causing fear and suffering for older people. apart from impacting their health, pandemic is
making older people vulnerable to poverty, discrimination and isolation. Further, older population are at risk
of mortality. UN estimated, 66 percent of people aged 70 and above have at least one underlying condition
which is putting them at increased risk of Covid-19 induced complications. Older persons also face age
discrimination with respect to medical care, triage and life-saving therapies.
AEFI Panel confirms first Death linked to Vaccines
National AEFI (Adverse Events Following Immunisation) panel has confirmed first death linked to covid-19
vaccine. A 68-year-old person got severe allergic reaction after he was vaccinated in March who died later.
Key points
The panel was set up to study side effects of covid-19 vaccine.
Panel confirmed, the first death was due to anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction caused due to
venom, food or medication) following vaccination.
Panel released data for vaccinations only till first week of April and examined deaths that caused
post vaccination in February, March and April.
According to panel, reported death rate was 2.7 deaths and while hospitalisation rate was 4.8 per

million vaccine doses administered. However, this does not imply that deaths or hospitalisations
were caused after vaccinations. Proper investigation and causality assessments can establish any
relation between both.
Panel assessed 31 cases out of which, 18 were having inconsistent causal association to
vaccination, 7 cases were indeterminate, 3 were vaccine-product related, 1 was anxiety-related
reaction while 2 were unclassifiable.
What different reactions were observed?
According to Panel, vaccine-product related reactions were expected. Indeterminate reactions are reactions
that are occurring soon after vaccination but no clinical trial data shows that, it could have been caused due
to vaccine. Unclassifiable events are those which have been investigated but there is not enough evidence
to assign a diagnosis. Coincidental events are events reported following vaccination. However, a clear
cause associated with such events has been found.
Australia-UK Free Trade Deal
United Kingdom and Australia has signed a free trade deal on June 15, 2021. This trade deal eliminates
tariffs on wide range of goods. This deal was signed following UK’s exit from European Union. With this
deal, U.K. seeks to expand links across the world.
Significance of the deal
This deal is expected to boost exports of traditional British products like Scotch whisky. It will also
boost imports of lamb and wine from Australia.
Deal will also help it join “Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership
(CPTPP)”. CPTPP is considered as a gateway of increasing trade throughout Asia-Pacific region.
It will reduce tariffs on products clothing & cars and reduce levies on agricultural products. However,
reduction of levies on agricultural products sparked a backlash from farming sector in UK. They are
of the view that, they would be undercut by cheap meat imports from Australia.
With which countries UK is having trade deal?
U.K. is having free trade deals with seven of 11 CPTPP members viz., Australia, Chile, Japan, Canada,
Mexico, Singapore and Vietnam. Free trade deal with Australia is UK’s first trade deal that was negotiated
from scratch since UK left the EU. Deals with Japan and Canada were built on existing agreements struck by
EU.
UK-Australia Relation
UK is Australia’s fifth largest trading partner. Goods and services from both the sides is valued at 36.6
billion Australian dollars in a year. UK’s trade with Australia is about 1.2% of its total trade in 2020.
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP)
CPTPP, also known as TPP11 or TPP-11, is a trade agreement among Australia, Brunei, Chile, Malaysia,
Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Singapore, Peru and Vietnam. It evolved from Trans-Pacific
Partnership (TPP), that never entered into force because of withdrawal of United States.
Govt simplifies MSME registration process
Minister for Road Transport & Highways and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Nitin Gadkari has
simplified the of process for registration of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises.
Key Points
MSMEs will only require PAN and Aadhaar for registration.
One the MSMEs are registered, they will be getting priority and finance.
No new training will be required to small units in fields of entrepreneurship and other related aspects.
About MSMEs
MSMEs are considered as engine of economic growth which are involved in promoting equitable

development. They comprise of 90% of total enterprises and generate highest rates of employment growth.
They require low investment and have operational flexibility & capacity to develop appropriate indigenous
technology.
Significance of MSMEs
MSME is second largest employment generating sector after agriculture, providing employment to
120 million persons in country.
It contributes about 6.11% of manufacturing GDP and 24.63% of GDP from service activities.
It contributes 45% of overall exports from India.
Inclusive growth is promoted by MSMEs as it provides employment opportunities in rural areas.
How MSMEs grew in India?
Campaigns such as Start-up India, Skill India, Digital India and Make in India were launched with the aim of
providing MSME players a level playing field in a bid to enhance productivity. Increasing internet penetration
and tie-ups with non-banking finance companies are also facilitating growth in MSME sector.
NATO declares China a Global Security Challenge
NATO leaders have declared China a constant security challenge stating that, Chinese are working to
undermine global order.
Key Points
As per NATO leaders, China’s goals and assertive behaviour put challenges to rules-based
international order and across the areas relevant to alliance security.
This warning has come, as US President started making effort to bring allies together to speak in
unified voice about China’s human rights record, trade practices and assertive behaviour of Chinese
military which has disturbed U.S. allies in Pacific.
NATO leaders asked China to uphold its international commitments and act responsibly with
international system.
How China Reacted?
Chinese Embassy to United Kingdom said, the G-7 communique “deliberately slandered China and arbitrarily
interfered in internal affairs of China”. It also exposed intentions of countries like United States.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
NATO is an alliance of European and North American countries. It was formed after World War II against
Russian aggression. This intergovernmental military alliance comprises of 30 European and North American
countries. It works in accordance with North Atlantic Treaty that was signed in April 1949. NATO works on
the principle of collective defence where its independent member states agree for mutual defence against
attack by any external party.
Sustainable Development Report 2021
Sustainable Development Report was prepared and released by experts from UN Sustainable Development
Solution Network (SDSN). The index compares how countries implement 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development.
Key Points
This year, Finland was ranked highest in the index.
A Nordic country has ranked at the top of SDG Index for the first time.
Finland has topped even when COVID-19 has slowed down sustainable development process across
the world.
How Finland topped the index?
As per Government, Finland has topped the index based on its achievements with respect to the goals
related to poverty reduction, health, education, energy, water, peace, reduction of inequality and rule of law.

What were the challenges for Finland?

Fight against climate change, sustainable consumption, elimination of biodiversity loss, production
methods etc are the challenges that Finland faced. Further, covid-19 pandemic has significantly impacted
sustainable development.
Which countries have ranked highest?
Top 10 countries in Sustainable development index 2021 are: Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Belgium,
Austria, Norway, France, Slovenia and Estonia (in that order).
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
SDGs was adopted in 2015 by all member states of United-Nations. It describes a universal agenda which
are applicable to all countries. It is a successor to Millennium Development Goals. SDG index is framed on
the basis of implementation of 17 SDG goals among UN member states in six broad categories- education,
skills, health & wellbeing, clean energy & industry, sustainable land use, sustainable cities, and digital
technologies. Index is prepared by independent experts at Sustainable Development Solutions Network
(SDSN) and Bertelsmann Stiftung.
UNESCO Science Report
Latest edition of UNESCO Science Report (USR) was published on June 11, 2021 which is entitled as “race
against time for smarter development”.
About USR
USR is a flagship publication of UNESCO which is published once every five years.
It is a report on science, technology and innovation (STI).
Every edition comprises of a chapter on India.
Chapter on India in latest edition was authored by Prof Sunil Mani, director at Centre for Development
Studies, Thiruvananthapuram.
This chapter provides an overview of STI developments in India along with suggestions and
recommendations.
Recommendations and Suggestions
With respect to initiatives promoting innovation on account of COVID-19, USR suggests to find new
ways for finance research projects and to amend existing IP rules to do away compulsory licenses on
vaccines and drugs.
According to report, India has not adopted industry 4.0 technologies and job losses due to
automation is not a serious threat now.
Report highlights, despite some efforts only a few Indian states have made progress on meeting
renewable energy targets. USR suggests for incentives to promote use of electric and hybrid vehicles.
Report is silent about policies on biofuels or on hydrogen as a source of energy.
On employment report highlights, job opportunities for science, technology, engineering & medicine
(STEM) graduates have not increased. However, employability of STEM graduates has increased to
49% in 2019 from 34% in 2014. It is serious issue because every other graduate is unemployable.
Twitter appoints interim Chief Compliance Officer for India
Twitter has appointed interim Chief Compliance Officer in India to comply with the Indian government’s new
IT rules.
Key Points
Twitter appointed Chief Compliance Officer after a prolonged battle with Indian government over its
new IT rules.
India announced new IT rules in February, 2021 which was implemented on May 25. It requires tech
companies in India like Facebook, WhatsApp, Google etc to appoint chief compliance officer, nodal

officer and grievance officer in India.

Background
When new IT Rules were first brought on May 25, Twitter India had asked government for more time to
comply with new IT Rules while WhatsApp & Facebook appointed their respective grievance officers.
New IT Rule
Indian government notified the Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics
Code) Rules 2021 in February 2021. New rules deal with social media and over-the-top (OTT) platforms.
Rules were framed under section 87 (2) of the Information Technology (IT) Act, 2000. Under the new rules,
resident grievance officer will be appointed under larger grievance redressal mechanism. Content on social
media platforms will be monitored actively and monthly compliance reports will be made available for
Indian users. Authorities in India can now ask these platforms to identify origin of any message.
Boundary Between Solar System and Interstellar Space Mapped
Scientists have created first-ever 3D map of boundary between our solar system and interstellar space
called Heliosphere. 3D map was created using data from NASA’s IBEX satellite.
Key Points
Boundary of heliosphere has been mapped for the first time.
It will provide for scientists to understand how solar and interstellar winds interact.
Earlier, this boundary was mentioned in theories of Physics models.
This is the first-time scientists were able to measure it and make its three-dimensional map.
What is Heliosphere?
Heliosphere, created by sun, is a vast bubble-like region of space surrounding the sun. It is a cavity formed
by Sun in surrounding interstellar medium. Bubble of heliosphere is continuously inflated by solar winds.
The solar plasma provides a way to interstellar plasma, outside the heliosphere, permeating Milky Way
galaxy. Radiation levels inside and outside the heliosphere differs. Galactic cosmic rays are less abundant
it. Thus, planets inside are partly shielded from their impact. Heliosphere is the area under influence of Sun.
Its edge is decided by heliospheric magnetic field and solar wind from Sun.
Who coined Heliosphere?
Heliosphere was coined by Alexander J. Dessler. He used this word in his scientific literature, called
heliophysics, in 1967. Heliophysics includes space weather and space climate.
PM Modi to address 5th edition of VivaTech
Prime Minister Narendra Modi will deliver his keynote address at 5th edition of VivaTech on June 16, 2021.
He has been invited as a Guest of Honour to deliver keynote address.
Highlights
Other prominent speakers on the occasion will be President of France Emmanuel Macron, Prime
Minister of Spain Pedro Sanchez and Ministers & MPs from various European countries.
It will also witness participation of corporate leaders like Apple CEO Tim Cook, Microsoft President
Brad Smith and Facebook Chairman Mark Zuckerberg.
Event of 2021 will be the 5th edition of VivaTech. It is scheduled to be held between 16th to 19th
June.
VivaTech
It is one of largest digital and start-up events in Europe. It was started in 2016 and is being every year in
Paris. Event is jointly organized by Publicis Groupe which is a prominent advertising and marketing
conglomerate and Les Echos which is a leading media group in France. It brings together stakeholders from
technology innovation and start-up ecosystem. On the occasion exhibitions, awards, panel discussions and
start-up contests are organised.

GI certified Jalgaon Banana exported to Dubai

Consignment of fibre & mineral rich “Jalgaon Banana” was exported to Dubai on June 16, 2021, marking a
major boost to exports.
Key Points
Jalgaon Banana is Geographical Indications (GI) certified agricultural produce from Jalgaon district
of Maharashtra.
Twenty-two metric tonnes of Jalgaon banana were sourced from progressive farmers of Tandalwadi
village. This village is a part of Jalgaon district of Maharashtra.
Jalgaon District is an identified banana cluster under Agri Export Policy and is called as “Banana city”
of Maharashtra. It contributes for two-third of total production of banana in the state.
Jalgaon Banana
Jalgaon Banana got GI certification in 2016. It was registered with Nisargraja Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK)
Jalgaon.
India’s banana export
Banana export from India has been rising sharply because of adoption of farm practices in accordance with
global standards. India’s banana exports have increased both in volume as well as value from 1.34 lakh
metric tonne in 2018-19 to 1.95 lakh metric tonne in 2019-20. During 2020-21, India has exported banana
worth of 1.91 lakh tonne which is valued at Rs 619 crore.
Banana production in India
India is world’s leading producer of bananas with its share of 25% in total output. Leading banana producing
states are Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Bihar and Madhya
Pradesh. These states account for about 70% of India’s banana production.
Google Pay expands Cards Tokenization
Google has extended card tokenization by bringing in more banks for card on the Google Pay app.
What is card tokenization?
Card tokenization is a feature which lets users make debit or credit card payments through a secure digital
token which is attached to their phone. It does not require to physically share credit or debit card details.
Currently, this feature can be availed at about 2.5 million Visa merchant locations. With latest extension, it
will allow users to scan and pay at about 1.5 million Bharat QR enabled merchants.
Features of Card tokenization
This feature let users with Near-field communication (NFC) capable devices or phones to make contactless
payments. Users would be able to pay their bills and recharge their numbers using credit cards. This feature
also works with online merchants and provides seamless OTP experiences without redirecting to 3D Secure
sites.
Which banks were using this feature?
Google Pay had earlier rolled out the feature of card tokenization with State bank of India cards, Kotak
Mahindra Bank and Axis Bank.
Which banks have been added now?
Google Pay has now added SBI, IndusInd Bank & Federal Bank and Credit cards of IndusInd Bank & HSBC
India in the list to use tokenization feature.
Biden-Putin Summit
US President Joe Biden reached Geneva before his first summit with Vladimir Putin amid the escalation of
tension between Russia and USA in recent years.
Highlights
Joe Biden flew to Geneva after mending relations with Washington’s closest allies during NATO and

G7 summits in Brussels and Britain.

This will be first meeting between US and Russia since 2018, when Putin met Donald Trump in
Helsinki.
The summit will take place at La Grange villa and its surrounding park.
US-Russia Relation
Relationship between United States and Russia is among most critical bilateral relationships worldwide.
Both the countries have shared interests in diverse set of areas including nuclear security & non-
proliferation, countering terrorism & violent extremism, regional security in Europe & Eurasia, and managing
upheaval in greater Middle East. Russia is also an important partner in U.S. efforts to combat climate
change and space exploration.
United States is critical to Russia as they foil and partner in their efforts to come at global centre stage.
Bilateral relations have been rotating between periods of cooperation and confrontation for more than two
decades. However, tensions related to conflicts in Ukraine and Syria are troubling the relation.
What is AY.1 variant of Coronavirus?
Recently, WHO tagged B.1.617.2 strain of coronavirus as ‘Delta’ variant, which now has further mutated.
Mutated form of Delta variant is being termed as “Delta Plus” or “AY.1” variant.
Key Points
Delta variant was identified as one of the factors of second wave of coronavirus infections in India.
Initial data shows that, Delta plus variant have resistance against monoclonal antibody cocktail
treatment, which was recently authorised by Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO)
for COVID-19 treatment.
Delta plus variant
Variant B.1.617.2.1 of coronavirus is known as AY.1 which is characterized by acquisition of K417N
mutation. Delta plus variant was identified in six genomes in India as of now. Health agency has also
confirmed the presence of 63 genomes of Delta variant with the new K417N mutation. However, there is no
immediate cause for concern since prevalence of Delta Plus Variant is still low in India.
Cases Worldwide
As per reports, 36 cases of Delta Plus variant were reported in England. Majority of the cases were
associated with travel from Nepal, Malaysia, Turkey and Singapore.
June 18, 2021
What is Juneteenth in US?
US President Joe Biden is to sign a law to make June 19 or “Juneteenth” a national holiday. This holiday will
be recognized by federal government to commemorating end of slavery after American Civil War.
Highlights
Bill to establish Juneteenth National Independence Day was supported in both houses of US
Congress and now needs to be approved by White House to become law.
It was passed in the backdrop of killing of George Floyd that triggered anti-racism protests in US.
Juneteenth is going to be first new federal holiday created in almost four decades.
What is Juneteenth?
Juneteenth, combination of June and nineteenth, is observed on June 19 every year. It is the oldest
nationally celebrated commemoration of end of slavery in America. The day is recognized as holiday in 47
US states and District of Columbia. Juneteenth is also known as Emancipation Day or Juneteenth
Independence Day.

Background
Juneteenth celebration started in 1866 from state of Texas, with community-centric events like cookouts,
parades, prayer gatherings, historical & cultural readings and musical performances. While, era of “Modern
Juneteenth Movement” started in 1994 from New Orleans in Louisiana with objective of greater recognition
of Juneteenth.
Japan to issue COVID-19 Vaccine Passport
Japan is going to make a vaccine passport available from next month for Japanese travellers in a bid to
relaunch tourism and business trips abroad.
Highlights
This certificate will be paper-based rather than digital.
It will be issued by local governments from next month.
Digital Vaccine Passport in EU
European Union is working on digital vaccine passport for summer of 2021 to reboot tourism and attract
tourists. EU version of certificate will comprise of information on whether a person has been vaccinated or
had the virus, tested negative or had been recovered.
What is vaccine passport?
Vaccine passport, also known as immunity passport or immunity certificate, is a document in paper as well
as digital format. The certificate attest whether its bearer is immune to a contagious disease or not. This
public certification can be taken by governments to mitigate an epidemic. It is different than a vaccination
record or vaccination certificate verified by medical records of the clinic. Concept of immunity passports
has drawn attention during COVID-19 pandemic as a way forward to contain pandemic and permit faster
economic recovery.
Cabinet approves Deep Ocean Mission
Union Cabinet has approved ‘Deep Ocean Mission’ proposed by Ministry of Earth Sciences to conduct study
on biodiversity, impact of climate change and to establish an offshore marine station in order to explore
source of thermal energy.
Highlights
Mission will explore Deep Ocean for resources and help in development of deep-sea technologies for
sustainable use of ocean resources.
Mission will be completed in an estimated budget of Rs 4,077 crores in five-year period.
It will be implemented in phases. First phase will be implemented during 2021-2024.
Estimated cost for first phase for three years is Rs 2,823.4 crore.
Ministry of Earth Sciences will be the nodal ministry to implement this mission.
Which countries conduct such mission?
Such technology and expertise is currently available with five countries Russia, US, France, Japan and
China. India will be sixth country to have it now.
Deep Ocean Mission
It is an Indian initiative to undertake deep ocean exploration. It focuses on India’s exclusive economic zones
and continental shelf. Mission comprise of various manned and unmanned submersibles to explore sea
bed. Main aim of this mission is to explore & extract polymetallic nodules which are composed of minerals
such as nickel, manganese, copper, cobalt and iron hydroxide. These metals are useful in manufacturing
electronic devices, smartphones, solar panels and batteries.
Panel on energy efficiency, low carbon tech
According to Power and Renewable Energy Minister R K Singh, a committee will be set up comprising of
members from all relevant Ministries to implement Roadmap on Energy Efficiency and low carbon

technologies.
Highlights
This was highlighted during a high-level meeting of reviewing progress of several energy efficiency
programmes and preparedness for Climate Change Actions in India.
Activities in the field of energy efficiency across all sectors of economy was discussed with the
objective of reducing CO2 emissions.
It was directed to focus on sectors having highest emissions intensity like Micro, Small & Medium
Enterprises (MSME), Transport and Power plants.
Activities defined under Mission document ROSHANEE was also discussed. Mission document
ROSANEE has been developed to implement several Energy Conservation schemes across India.
Mission ROSHANEE
This mission has been developed by Bureau of Energy Efficiency along with Mission UNNATEE. Both the
missions lay down Sector wise action plan for period 2021-2030. Mission ROSHANEE envisages several
activities in the field of energy efficiency across different sectors of economy. It aims to reduce CO2
emissions by more than 550 million tonnes by 2030.
UNNATEE
UNNATEE is a working document comprising of short term and long-term action plans to lower energy
intensity.
India extends USD 100 mn LoC to Sri Lanka
India has extended a USD 100 million Line of Credit to Sri Lanka to finance projects in solar energy sector.
Key Points
Agreement was signed between Sri Lankan government and Export-Import Bank of India.
This LOC will also ensure that Sri Lanka’s 70 percent power requirements are fulfilled by renewable
energy sources by 2030.
LOC will also finance solar energy projects in Sri Lanka, announced during Founding Conference of
International Solar Alliance (ISA) in 2018. It includes project like rooftop solar photo-voltaic systems
for households and government buildings.
India-Sri Lanka Relation
India has become the first country to sign deal with Sri Lanka on vision of President of Sri Lanka to fulfil 70
per cent of its national power requirements using renewable energy sources by 2030.
International Solar Alliance (ISA)
89 countries, including Sri Lanka, signed the Framework Agreement of ISA, jointly launched by Narendra
Modi and former French president Francois Hollande. ISA seeks to bring together the countries in promoting
large-scale deployment of solar energy and to overcome challenges involved with technology, finance and
capacity.
Solar Power Generation in India
Solar power generation in India has increased to 34.6 GW in 2021 from 2.6GW in March 2014. India has
launched National Solar Mission with the aim of increase it further to 100 GW.
Stygarctus keralensis: New Tardigrade species named after Kerala
A new species named “Stygarctus Keralensis” has been identified in Kerala. This tiny & tough species of
Tardigrades has been named after Kerala.’’
Tardigrades
Tardigrades are small specie which are commonly called as ‘water bears’ and ‘moss piglets’. They are so
tiny that require high-end microscopes to study them. They are also the hardiest animals on Earth despite
their size. They were first described by German zoologist Johann August Ephraim Goeze in 1773. He called

these species as kleiner Wasserbar.

Stygarctus keralensis
This new tardigrade species belongs to genus Stygarctus. They are the first taxonomically described marine
tardigrade from Indian waters. Stygarctus keralensis was discovered from Vadakara in north Kerala. They
are the eighth species named under genus Stygarctus. They grow up to the length of 130 micrometers (0.13
mm) and are found on mountain tops as well as deep sea. They have survived five mass extinctions. They
get involved in curious process dealing with environmental stress called ‘cryptobiosis’ which brings their
metabolic activities to reversible standstill.
Stygarctus
Stygarctus is a genus of tardigrades of family Stygarctidae. It was named in 1951 by Erich Schulz. Greek
Styx and arktos.
Hebbal-Nagawara Valley Project
Citizens and Environmentalists are fighting against the proposal to clear over 6,000 trees in
Singanayakanahalli to construct a lake under Hebbal-Nagawara Valley Project by Minor Irrigation
Department in Karnataka.
Key Points
Forest Department, in a recent notification, proposed to felled 6,316 trees to develop Singanayakanahalli
lake, Yelahanka hobli, because they are coming in way of this project.
Hebbal-Nagawara Valley Project
This project was launched with the aim of filling 65 tanks in Bengaluru Urban, Rural and
Chickballapur.
Bagaluru lake was the first lake to receive treated water from this project.
The project was meant to act as an impounded reservoir to supply water in 11 other lakes in this
region.
Direct use of treated water for drinking and agricultural purposes was prohibited but farmers were of
the view that, project is increasing the water table.
What is the issue?
Activists are questioning the need and logic of removing such huge number of trees.
Hebbal Lake
The lake is located in Bangalore at the mouth of National Highway 7, near the junction of Bellary Road and
Outer Ring Road. These lakes were created in 1537 by Kempe Gowda. It was formed by damming natural
valley systems. It spreads over an area of 75 ha with plans for extending it up to 143 ha.
World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought was observed on June 17, 2021 to raise awareness on
land degradation, desertification and drought. Theme of the day for year 2021 was ” Restoration, Land,
Recovery”.
Highlights
This day is a unique moment to remind everyone about land degradation neutrality which can be
achieved through problem-solving, strong community involvement and co-operation across all the
levels.
On the occasion, Union Minister for Environment, Forest & Climate Change Prakash Javadekar
highlighted that India is on track to achieve target of land degradation neutrality and will restore 26
million hectares of degraded land by 2030.
World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
United Nations observe this day on June 17, every year. Its purpose is to raise awareness on existing

desertification and drought and highlighting methods to prevent desertification & recovering from drought.
This day was proclaimed by a United Nations General Assembly Resolution on January 30, 1995 following
the day when United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification was drafted.
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
This day seeks to protect planet from degradation through sustainable consumption & production and
sustainably managing its natural resources. It also takes urgent action on climate change to support the
needs of present and future generations.
SDG Goal 15
This SDG focuses on “Life on Land”. It officially reads as “Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt & reverse land degradation
and halt biodiversity loss”.
Cross-Disability Early Intervention Centers for children
Minister for Social Justice & Empowerment Shri Thaawarchand Gehlot inaugurated 14 Cross-Disability Early
Intervention Centers at 7 National Institutes and 7 Composite Regional Centers (CRCs).
What is the purpose of these centers?
Centers will provide services like screening, identification, rehabilitation, counselling and therapeutic for
different disabilities under one roof in a contiguous manner. It will help in identifying children with
disabilities or infants who are vulnerable to develop a disability and provide them early assistance to ensure
optimal development of the child.
First Phase
In the first phase, 14 cross-disability centers were launched in our institutions. By 2022, such centers will be
set up in all CRCs across 25 States and Union Territories. 14 Early Intervention Centers have been started in
Dehradun, Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Secunderabad, Cuttack, Chennai, Surendranagar, Bhopal, Lucknow,
Patna, Rajnandgaon, Nellore, and Kozhikode.
Background
Existing National Institute and CRCs have been providing rehabilitation services to differently-abled. But
national institutions have been working only for specific disabilities. With the launch of cross disability Early
Intervention Centers, all types of disabilities will be identified and medical & rehabilitation services will be
provided under one roof.
Data on Children with disabilities
As per 2011 Census, there are 20 lakh children with disabilities in age group of 0-6 years. They belong to the
categories of visually impaired, hearing impaired, locomotor disability. Thus, about 7 percent of children in
this age group suffer from one or other form of disability. Numbers are expected to increase with enactment
of Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act 2016 as it has 21 categories in disability category instead of 7.
Restructuring of OFB into 7 Defence PSUs
Government has approved its decision to dissolve Ordnance Factory Board (OFB) and replaced it by seven
new Defence Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs). which will oversee 41 ordnance factories in India. These
seven entities will be 100 per cent owned by government.
Purpose of restructuring
This decision was taken from the perspective of becoming Atmanirbhar in terms of national security.
It will improve accountability an efficiency of OFB.
Restructuring of OFB will be done with the aim of transforming ordnance factories into productive and
profitable assets.
It will deepen their specialization in product range, enhance competitiveness and improve quality and
cost-efficiency.

Seven entities will be responsible for different verticals of products that are being produced by 41
ordnance factories.
Ammunition and Explosives group will be engaged in production of ammunition.
Vehicles group will engage in production of defence mobility and combat vehicles.
Ordnance Factory Board (OFB)
OFB, consisting of Indian Ordnance Factories, is a Government agency working under department of
defence production (DDP) of Ministry of Defence (MoD). It is engaged in research, development, testing,
production, marketing and logistics of the product range across air, land and sea systems. It comprises of
41 ordnance factories, 9 training institutes, 3 regional marketing centres and 4 regional controllerates of
safety. Now, OFB will be replaced by 7 new Defence PSU.
Govt reduced Tariff on Edible Oil Import
Union government has reduced tariff value for import of edible oil including palm oil by USD 112 per tonne.
This move will lead to reduction in domestic prices.
Key Points
Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs (CBIC) reduced the tariff import value of crude palm oil
by USD 86 per tonne.
Import price on RBD and crude palmolein reduced by USD 112 per tonne.
Base import price of crude soyabean oil was reduced by USD 37 per tonne.
Significance of the move
This move will help in softening the edible oil prices in domestic market as with reduction in import tariff,
customs duty on base import price would also reduce.
Import of edible oils
In India, there is a big gap between domestic production and consumption of edible oils. This leads to
massive imports. India’s two-third of edible oil demand is fulfilled through imports. According to data of
Solvent Extractors’ Association of India, overall import of edible and non-edible oils during November 2020
to May 2021 have increased by 9 percent to 76,77,998 tonnes. With rise in imports, retail prices of edible
oils have also increase while, domestic edible oil prices have increase two fold in past year.
Global Peace Index 2021
15th edition of Global Peace Index (GPI) was announced by Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) Sydney.
Key Points
GPI is world’s leading measure of global peacefulness.
Index ranks 163 independent states and territories as per level of their peacefulness.
Report provides a comprehensive data-driven analysis on trends in peace, its economic value and
recommends on how to develop peaceful societies.
How countries were ranked?
Iceland is most peaceful country worldwide since 2008.
Iceland is joined by other top countries like Denmark, New Zealand, Portugal and Slovenia.
Afghanistan is the least peaceful country again for fourth consecutive year.
Afghanistan is followed by Yemen, Syria, South Sudan, and Iraq.
India and its neighbor
India has moved up by two position from its last year’s ranking. It has become 135th most peaceful
country while, 5th in South Asia region.
Bhutan and Nepal are first and second most peaceful in this region.
Bangladesh was 91th out of 163 countries across the world while being 3rd in South Asia.
Sri Lanka slipped by 19 position to become 95th peaceful country while, 4th in South Asia region.

Pakistan witnessed the most improvement in peacefulness with 150th rank globally and 6th in South
Asia region.
IMD's World Competitiveness Index
World Competitiveness Index was compiled by Institute for Management Development (IMD) which examine
the impact of COVID-19 on economies worldwide.
Key Points
India was ranked at 43rd position among 64 countries.
Switzerland has topped the list and is followed by Sweden (2nd), Denmark (3rd), Netherlands (4th) and
Singapore (5th).
Taiwan was ranked at 8th position, reaching among top-10 for the first time in 33 years.
UAE (9th) and USA (10th) maintains the same spots as in 2020.
Top performing Asian economies include Singapore (5th), Hong Kong (7th), Taiwan (8th) and China
(16th).
About IMD World Competitiveness Ranking
This index ranks 64 economies and assesses extent to which any country promotes prosperity of its people.
This index started ranking countries 33 years ago by measuring countries well-being through hard data and
survey responses from executives. It is released by IMD World Competitiveness Center.
BRICS Nations
Among BRICS, India (43rd) is ranked second after China (16th). India is followed by Russia (45th), Brazil (57th)
and South Africa (62nd).
How India’s rank improved?
India witnessed improvements in government efficiency factor because of relatively stable public finances
amid covid-19 pandemic. As per the report, qualities like investment in innovation, welfare benefits &
leadership, digitalization have helped countries to get higher ranks.
Cabinet nod for Inland Vessels Bill
Union Cabinet has approved the Inland Vessels Bill, 2021, which will replace Inland Vessels Act, 1917.
Key Provisions of the bill
As of now, total 4,000 km inland waterways have been operationalized.
Bill will regulate safety, security and registration of inland vessels.
Bill provides for a unified law for entire India instead of separate rules framed by each States.
Bill grants certificate of registration which will be valid in all States and Union Territories. No
separate permissions will be required from States.
Bill provides for a central data base to record details of vessel, vessel registration and crew on an
electronic portal.
Central database would require all mechanically propelled vessels to be mandatorily registered.
Non-mechanically propelled vessels will also require to be enrolled at district, taluk or panchayat or
village level.
Inland Water Transport in India
India has about 14,500 km of navigable waterways comprising of rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks. It is
a fuel-efficient and environment-friendly mode of transportation. Under National Waterways Act 2016, 111
waterways have been declared as National Waterways.
June 19, 2021
Second National Sickle Cell Conclave to be inaugurated
Minister of Tribal Affairs, Shri Arjun Munda, will inaugurate Second National Sickle Cell Conclave on the
occasion of World Sickle Cell Awareness Day 2021 on June 19.

National Sickle Cell Conclave

This conclave is held to mark world Sickle Cell Day every year. It is being organised by Ministry of Tribal
Affairs in association with Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI), Apollo
Hospitals, Novartis, Piramal Foundation etc. It will arrange discussions about latest advances and future
trends in treatment of SCD on vulnerable patient population.
What is Sickle cell disease (SCD)?
SCD is the most prevalent inherited blood disorder or a genetic red blood cell disorder. People with sickle
cell disorders don’t have enough healthy red blood cells which carry oxygen throughout the body. It is
widespread amongst many tribal population groups in India. Several cost-effective interventions have
reduced morbidity and mortality from SCD in India. However, access to care for SCD in tribal regions
limited. SCD is prevalent predominantly in Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, western
Odisha, eastern Gujarat and Nilgiri Hills of north Tamil Nadu & Kerala.
World Sickle Cell Awareness Day 2021
World Sickle Cell Day is observed every year on June 19. The United Nations General Assembly adopted a
resolution to recognise sickle cell disease as a public health problem on December 22, 2008.
QCI launches Indian Certification of Medical Devices Plus Scheme
Quality Council of India (QCI) and Association of Indian Manufacturers of Medical Devices (AiMeD) have
launched “Indian Certification of Medical Devices Plus (ICMED) Scheme”.
About ICMED 13485 scheme
ICMED scheme added further features to the ICMED Scheme that was launched in 2016 for
Certification of Medical Devices.
This scheme will undertake verification of quality, safety and efficacy of medical devices.
Scheme has been designed to integrate Quality Management System components and product
related quality validation processes by witness testing of products with respect to the defined
product standards and specifications.
This is the first such scheme across the world in which quality management systems & product
certification standards are integrated with regulatory requirements.
It will be an end-to-end quality assurance scheme for medical devices sector in India and much-
needed institutional mechanism to assure the product quality and safety.
Significance of scheme
Scheme will assist procurement agencies to tackle challenges related to counterfeit products and fake
certification. It will also eliminate circulation and use of sub-standard medical products or devices of
doubtful origin.
Quality Council of India (QCI)
QCI was set up in 1997 as public private partnership model based on the model existing in Netherlands. QCI
was organized as an independent autonomous body which worked for assuring quality standards across all
spheres of economic and social activities. It was established under Societies Registration Act in 1997 to
provide accreditation services across different sectors for product, services and persons.
India Post to release a ‘Special Cancellation’
India Post is going to release a ‘Special Cancellation’ on the occasion of International Yoga Day (IYD) on
June 21, 2021 to capture essence of the day. It is a unique initiative to mark commemoration of 7th
International Day of Yoga.
Key Points
Yoga and IDY are popular subjects for philatelic commemorations for years.
Department of Posts launched a set of two Commemorative Postage stamps and a miniature sheet

on in 2015 on the occasion of IYD. 2016,

Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a set of Commemorative Postage Stamps on Surya
Namaskara to commemorate 2nd International Day of Yoga.
UN Postal Administration (UNPA) issued a set of stamps showing 10 yoga asanas to commemorate
the day in New York in 2016.
Activities by Post offices
All Post Offices in Delhi are affixing message “Be with Yoga, Be at Home” on mail being booked and
delivered. Video is also being played in 60 Post major Offices of Delhi to promote Yoga among visitors of
Post Offices.
International Day of Yoga
This day is celebrated annually on June 21 since 2015. It was incepted in United Nations General Assembly
in 2014.
India Post
India Post, earlier known as Department of Post, is a government-operated postal system of India. It works
under jurisdiction of Ministry of Communications. Warren Hastings had started the Postal Service in British
India, under the name ‘Company Mail’ in 1788. Lord Dalhousie modified it into a service under “Crown” in
1854.
India-Bhutan: MOU inked to cooperate in areas of Environment
India and Bhutan have signed an MoU to develop cooperation between two countries in the area of
environment.
Key Points about MoU
MoU was signed virtually by Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Prakash Javadekar.
It will open new vistas of bilateral cooperation in the area of climate change, waste management etc.
MoU will act as a platform to enhance Indian and Bhutanese partnership & support and exchange best
practices in areas like prevention of Air Pollution, Chemical Management, Waste Management,
Climate Change, etc.
It also provides the possibility to have joint projects in areas of mutual interest.
It seeks to strengthen technological, scientific & management capabilities and expand areas of
cooperation in the area of environment so as to promote a mutually beneficial partnership.
Impact of MoU
MoU will facilitate exchange of experiences, best practices and technical knowhow between both the
countries by means of public and private sectors and will contribute to sustainable development. However,
no significant employment generation is envisaged through it.
Who will meet the Expenditure?
Financial implications of MoU are limited to holding of bilateral meetings or Joint Working Group meetings,
alternatively in India and Bhutan. Travel cost of their delegation will be met by sending side while receiving
side will bear the cost of organizing meetings and other logistic arrangements.
Climate Change to Increase Sea Level in Lakshadweep: Study
According to a study conducted to project different greenhouse gas scenario, Sea-level will rise around
Lakshadweep Islands by 0.4 mm/year to 0.9 mm/year.
Key Findings
As per the study, worst possible inundation scenarios projected for Lakshadweep Islands are similar
under different emission scenarios projected. All the islands in archipelago would be vulnerable to
impact of sea-level rise.
Smaller islands Chetlat and Amini are expected to have major land-loss.

About 60%-70% of existing shoreline would experience land-loss in Amini and 70%-80% in Chetlat.
Larger islands Minicoy and Kavaratti are also vulnerable to sea-level rise. They will experience land-
loss along 60% of existing shoreline.
Sea-level rise effects will have least impact on Androth Island under all emission scenarios.
Only airport in archipelago is located at southern tip of Agatti Island, and has a risk of damage due to
sea-level rise.
What does study suggest for protection of island?
Study suggests to have appropriate coastal protection measures and best-practices to formulate planning
guidelines. Study proposes for outlook and dimension on future research which will assess directional
nature of wave energy, impact of storminess in Arabian Sea region, islands that are exposed & sheltered
and amenities like potable water, sanitation etc.
Oil Spill from Haldia-bound Portuguese flag container ship
Indian Coast Guard is on vigilance after oil spill was reported from Haldia-bound Portuguese flag container
ship.
Key Points
Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre, Colombo notified about mid-sea oil spill about 450 kms South
East of Chennai.
Portuguese flag Container ship MV Devon developed an underwater crack in fuel tank on passage
from Colombo to Haldia, West Bengal.
Tank was containing about 120 KL of Very Low Sulphur Fuel Oil.
Crack resulted in spillage of about 10 KL of oil into sea before preventive action was taken.
Vessel was carrying 10,795 tonnes of general cargo in 382 containers and manned by 17 crew.
What is Oil Spill?
Oil spill can be defined as “uncontrolled release of crude oil, gasoline, fuels, or other oil by-products” into
environment. It can pollute land, air, or water; however, the term is mostly used for oceanic oil spills. They
have become a major environmental problem because of intensified petroleum exploration & production on
continental shelves and transportation of huge amounts of oils in vessels.
Impact of Oil spills
In ocean, oil spills are harmful to aquatic life as it prevents sunlight from penetrating into sea and
reduces dissolved oxygen level.
Crude oil damages insulating and waterproofing properties of feathers and fur of birds. Thus, it can
decrease body temperature to below-normal levels.
Oil spills can damage habitat and reproductive rate of animals.
ECI releases Atlas on 2019 General Elections
Election Commission of India released ‘General Elections 2019: An Atlas’ recently.
Highlights
Atlas was released by Chief Election Commissioner Sushil Chandra and Election Commissioner Rajiv
Kumar and Election Commissioner Anup Chandra Pandey.
This document would be beneficial to researchers and academicians and help in exploring vast
landscape of Indian elections.
General Elections 2019: An Atlas
This General Election Atlas comprises of all statistical figures and data of General Elections 2019.
It comprises of 90 tables and 42 thematic maps which depicts different facets of elections.
It also provides interesting anecdotes, facts and legal provisions related to Indian elections.
It highlights,

1. Data from 23 States and UTs where female voting percentage was higher than a male voting
percentage.
2. Information regarding smallest and largest parliamentary constituency with respect to candidates or
electors.
3. Performance of political parties.
It comprises of data of electors belonging to different categories through comparison charts like
Elector Gender Ratio and electors in different age categories. As per atlas, lowest gender gap was
witnessed during the 2019 General Elections in history.
It also compares the number of candidates contesting in General Elections since 1951. 2019 General
Elections had a total of 8054 qualified candidates contesting.
Benefits of Atlas
Atlas provide information for better understanding of Indian electoral diversity and provide insights into
electoral patterns across different levels. It will serve as an illustrative and informative document which will
help in understanding nuances of Indian electoral process and help in analysing changes & trends in India.
World's Third Largest Diamond Unearthed
Debswana Diamond Company have unearthed world’s third-largest diamond in Jwaneng mine of Botswana
in South Africa.
Key Points
Botswana is called as largest producer of diamonds in Africa.
Diamond weighing 1,098 carats was presented to President Mokgweetsi Masisi after it was
unearthed.
It weighs a little less than world’s second-largest 1,109-carat Lesedi la Rona diamond which was
found in Botswana in 2015 and world’s largest 3,106-carat Cullinan diamond which was found in
South Africa in 1905.
Estimation of stone’s final value is not yet released.
World’s second-largest 1,109-carat Lesedi la Rona diamond was sold for $53 million.
About third largest diamond
Diamond is measuring 73mm long, 52mm wide, and 27mm thick. It is yet to be named.
Background
Debswana company had witnessed a 29 per cent fall in production to 16.6 million carats and a 30 per cent
drop in sales amid the covid-19 pandemic. Thus, unearthing of third largest diamond becomes significant.
About Debswana Diamond Company
It is a joint venture between global diamond giant De Beers and government. 80 percent of the income
earned by selling of diamonds by Debswana goes to government by means of royalties, dividends, and
taxes.
Veteran Athlete Milkha Singh passes away
Indian Athlete Milkha Singh passed away at the age of 91 due to Covid-19 related complications on June 18,
2021.
Who was Milkha Singh?
Captain Milkha Singh, known as The Flying Sikh, was an Indian track and field sprinter. He was introduced to
sport while serving the Indian Army. He is the only athlete who won gold in 400 metres race at Asian Games
& Commonwealth Games. He won gold medals in 1958 and 1962 Asian Games. He also represented India in
1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome and 1964 Summer Olympics in
Tokyo. He was conferred India’s fourth-highest civilian honour, Padma Shri for his sporting achievements.

Why Milkha Singh is called as Flying Sikh?

During the 1960 Olympic Games, he finished to fourth-place in 400 metres final. Several records were
broken in race. He finished to fourth-place in 45.73 seconds which was an Indian national record for almost
40 years.
Indian Navy - European Union Naval Force Joint Exercise
Indian Navy and European Union Naval Force (EUNAVFOR) are conducting their first ever exercise in Gulf of
Aden. This two-day exercise will end on June 19, 2021.
Key Points
Indian Naval Ship Trikand participated in the exercise, which is currently deployed for anti-piracy
operations.
Total of five warships from four navies participated in the exercise held on 18th & 19th
Other warships that participated in exercise include Italian Navy Ship ITS Carabinere, two French Navy
Ship FS Tonnerre & FS Surcouf and Spanish Navy Ship ESPS Navarra.
A virtual “Information Sharing Exercise” is also being conducted between Indian Navy Information
Fusion Centre in Indian Ocean Region and Maritime Security Centre in Horn of Africa
About the exercise
The two-day exercise witnessed high tempo-naval operations at sea such as advanced air defence & anti-
submarine exercises, cross deck helicopter operations, boarding operations, tactical manoeuvres, underway
replenishment, search & rescue etc. Ships of four navies endeavour to enhance their war-fighting skills and
their ability to promote peace, security and stability in maritime domain. EUNAVFOR and Indian Navy also
saw eye-to-eye on multiple issues such as counter piracy operations and protection of vessels which were
deployed under charter of World Food Programme (UN WFP).
Indian Navy and EUNAVFOR
Both the navies conduct regular interaction through SHADE (Shared Awareness and Deconfliction) meetings
which is held annually at Bahrain. It highlights their shared values of ensuring freedom of seas.
Summit for Vaccine Internationalism
Four-day Summit for vaccine internationalism by Progressive International was opened on June 18, 2021.
Highlights
Summit was opened with the goal of ending “covid-19 pandemic as quickly as possible by
administering and securing COVID-19 vaccines for all”.
Vaccine summit brings together political leaders, Global south governments, healthcare workers and
vaccine manufacturers from about twenty countries and follows criticism of G7’s plan.
Recently, U.N. aid chief Mark Lowcock had criticised G-7 plan as not serious and lacking necessary
urgency.
Agenda of the summit
Participants of the summit seek to boost up production, distribution and delivery of the vaccines
across world as presently, only 6.2% of the world population is fully vaccinated against COVID.
Summit hope to consider concrete proposals to bring technology, invoke patent waivers and invest in
rapid production of vaccines.
Representatives from governments of Argentina, Mexico, Bolivia, Cuba, Venezuela Kerala (India) and
Kisumu (kenya) will be joined by four vaccine manufacturers namely, Fiocruz (Brazilian
manufacturer), Virchow Laboratories (Indian manufacturer), Biolyse (Canadian firm) and BioFarma
Cuba (Cuba manufacturer)
Background
This summit is being organised in the backdrop of fears on vaccine nationalism, where developed

economies were benefiting due to production of home-grown vaccine while, poor countries were not getting
access to vaccine which was prolonging the covid-19 pandemic.
Centrum to takeover PMC Bank
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) cleared proposal to takeover of Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperatives Bank
(PMC Bank) by a consortium of non-bank lender Centrum Financial Services & fintech startup BharatPe.
Background
This decision was taken in the backdrop of collapse of Punjab & Maharashtra Cooperatives Bank. This state
cooperative lender was on the verge of collapse when regulator seized it on September 24, 2019. Regulator
seized the cash withdrawals for six months and launched an investigation into its accounting lapses.
Following this, Centrum Financial Services and BharatPe had submitted a joint proposal to overtake PMC
Bank in February 2021.
RBI’s Approval
RBI has decided to grant in-principle approval to Centrum so as to set up a small finance bank. It will be set
up under on-tap licensing norms. On-tap licensing means, when regulator gives out bank licences on
continuous basis rather than once in several years.
Centrum Financial Services
It is a step-down subsidiary of listed entity Centrum Capital which provides credit to small and mid-sized
companies having asset of ₹2 lakh to ₹2 crore. Resilient Innovations Pvt. Ltd, operating BharatPe, will also
be an equal partner in small finance bank.
Punjab & Maharashtra Co-operative Bank Limited (PMC)
PMC is a multi-state co-operative bank that was established in 1983. It has 137 branches across India while
about 100 branches are in Maharashtra. It is regulated by Reserve Bank of India and is registered under
Cooperative Societies Act.
Draft national strategy for Rural Development
Ministry of tourism has released three draft strategies in order to boost tourism sector in aftermath of
covid-19 pandemic. Draft strategies were put forward with roadmaps to promote India as a rural and
medical tourism destination.
National Strategy and Roadmap for Development of Rural Tourism
It seeks to position India as a place for conferences, meetings and exhibitions.
It seeks to develop and promote local products through tourism in order to generate income and jobs
in rural areas and empower local communities.
It will also help in reducing migration from rural areas, poverty alleviation and sustainable
development.
Draft National Strategy and Roadmap for Medical and Wellness Tourism
It seeks to promote India as an accessible and affordable destination of medical treatments and wellness
courses. Key drivers for growth of medical tourism and wellness tourism includes affordability &
accessibility of good healthcare services, minimal waiting time, facilitation around hospitality services,
availability of latest medical technologies & accreditations. This draft is in line with government of India’s
recognition to medical value travel and wellness tourism as an important sector which is having potential of
accelerating India’s development & attaining objective of Aatmanirbhar Bharat.
Aim of national strategy
National strategy was released with the aim of providing an institutional framework which can strengthen
the ecosystem for medical & wellness tourism and develop a brand & ensuring quality assurance.
MICE destination
Draft to position India as a MICE destination was also put forward. MICE stand for “Meetings, Incentives,

Conferences and Exhibitions”. It is recognised as a significant market segment and a significant contributor
to national economies.
Government to Reduce Road Accident Deaths by 50%
According to Minister for Road Transport & Highways Nitin Gadkari, central government has set target to
reduce road accident deaths by 50% by year 2024.
Role of Corporates in Arresting Road Fatalities
This target was highlighted while addressing virtual session on ‘Role of Corporates in Arresting Road
Fatalities’ which was organised by FICCI.
Minister emphasised on need for identification of ‘black spot’ in each state, district and city.
He also said, World Bank and ADB have already sanctioned a scheme under which Government is
allocating Rs.14,000 crores for states, NHAI and other stakeholders to remove black spots vulnerable
to accidents.
4-E formula to reduce deaths
Ministry of road & transport is seeking hard to reduce road accident deaths by restructuring and
strengthening four ‘E’ of road safety. 4E’s include- Engineering (road & automobile engineering), Economy,
Enforcement and Education.
Road accidents in India
Road accidents in India are a major cause of deaths, injuries and property damage. According to world bank
data, though India accounts for 1 per cent of world’s vehicles but it accounts for 11 per cent of global death
in road accidents. It stands highest worldwide. About 4.5 lakh road crashes occurs, in which 1.5 lakh people
die per annum in India. It witnesses 53 road crashes every hour and killing of 1 person every 4 minutes. As
per report, road accidents costs at Rs 5.96 lakh crore or 3.14 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP).
UNDRR Report on Drought
The report titled “Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction: Special Report on Drought 2021”
was published on June 18, 2021 by UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction). It will be a
part of discussions at vital UN climate talks called Cop26, scheduled to take place in Glasgow in November
2021.
Key findings
As per the report, Drought is a hidden global crisis which can become “the next pandemic” if no
urgent action is taken on water & land management and tackling climate emergency.
About 1.5 billion people are directly affected by drought this century.
Economic cost was roughly estimated at $124bn. However, True cost is likely to be many times
higher as these estimates do not include much impact in developing countries.
Most of world will be with water stress in next few years and demand will outstrip the water supply
during certain periods.
Report highlights, drought is now widespread and by end of this century most of the countries will
experience it in some form.
Scenario on Developed countries
Report highlights that, even the developed countries are not immune to drought. US, Australia and southern
Europe have experienced drought in recent past. Drought costs more than us dollar 6 billion a year in US
while euro 9 billion in EU. As per report, Population growth is also exposing more people to the impacts of
drought in many regions.
Reasons for drought
Changing rainfall patterns because of climate breakdown are key driver of drought. However, report
identifies inefficient use of water resources, degradation of land under intensive agriculture and poor

farming practices also plays crucial role. Deforestation, overuse of fertilisers & pesticides, overgrazing &
over-extraction of water for farming are some other factors.
June 21, 2021
International Yoga Day 2021
th
World is celebrating the 7 International Yoga Day on June 21, 2021, with the motto of achieving “One
World, One Health”. This year, day is celebrating under the theme- “Yoga for wellness”. Theme focuses on
practising Yoga for physical as well as mental wellbeing.
Key Points
On the occasion, Prime Minister Narendra Modi said, “When whole world is combating Covid-19
pandemic, yoga remains a ray of hope.”
Prime Minister launched “mYoga app” and it will be available worldwide.
mYoga app was launched in collaboration with WHO.
mYoga App
mYoga App will provide yoga training videos in different languages for people worldwide. It will also help in
achieving the motto of ‘One World, One Health’.
International Yoga Day
International Day of Yoga is celebrated annually on June 21, since 2015. The day was incepted in United
Nations General Assembly in 2014. June 21st was suggested because it is the longest day of year in
Northern Hemisphere & having a special significance across the world.
Background
Idea of International Yoga Day was conceived and proposed by PM Modi on September 27, 2014 at UN
General Assembly. Resolution to adopt June 21 as International Yoga Day was introduced by India’s
Ambassador, Ashoke Kumar Mukerji. It received support of 177 nations.
Centre to link innovative agriculture technologies to farms in Northeast Region
Government is working towards linking innovative agricultural technologies with farms to benefit small and
marginal farmers in northeast India. It will primarily focus on women under Biotech-KISAN programme.
Highlights
Department of Biotechnology issued special call for Northeast region under the programme which will
help in understanding local issues of farmers & provide scientific solutions to them.
Programme will specifically focus on Northeast region because it is predominantly agrarian where
70% of its workforce were engaged in agriculture & allied sectors for livelihood.
Why this programme was launched for NE region?
Biotech-KISAN programme will be implemented in NE Region with objective of linking innovative
agriculture technologies with farm for small & marginal farmers.
Northeast region produces 1.5% of India’s food grain and continues to be net importer of food grains
for its domestic consumption.
Region has untapped potential to enhance income of farming population by promoting location
specific crops, horticultural & plantation crops, fisheries & livestock production.
Under the programme, hubs in NER will collaborate with scientific institutions of India and State
Agricultural Universities or Krishi Vigyan Kendras etc.
Biotech-KISAN programme
Mission Programme Biotech – Krishi Innovation Science Application Network is a scientist-farmer
partnership scheme launched in 2017. It was launched for agriculture innovation with the objective of
connecting science laboratories with farmers to get innovative solutions and technologies which can be
applied at farm level. So far, 146 Biotech-KISAN Hubs have been established across 15 agroclimatic zones

& 110 aspirational districts of India.

Karnataka Coastal Zone Management Authority
Union ministry of Environment, forest & Climate Change has notified about constituting a Karnataka Coastal
Zone Management Authority. Notification was issued under Environment Protection Act, 1986.
About authority
Karnataka Coastal Zone Management Authority is a 15-member body which will be constituted to
protect & improve the quality of coastal environment.
Its primary work is to prevent, abate and control environmental pollution in Coastal Regulation Zone
of Karnataka.
It is headed by Additional Chief Secretary, State Department of Forest, Ecology and Environment,
Bengaluru.
Term of office of present members is for three years.
Functions of authority
Authority will examine the application received for approval of project proposal, if it is in accordance
with approved Coastal Zone Management Plan.
It will also regulate all developmental activities in CRZ areas as specified in the 2011 notification.
It is responsible for enforcing and monitoring provisions of notification.
It will examine the proposals received from Karnataka government for changes or modifications in
classification of CRZ areas.
It will inquire into cases of alleged violation of provisions of Act or rules and review cases involving
violations or contraventions of provisions of the act or rules.
It will inquire or review cases of violations or contraventions of notification suo moto.
Authority has been authorised to file complaints under Section 19 of Act.
India to host Summit on Green Hydrogen initiatives
India is to host a two-day summit on Green Hydrogen Initiatives. Summit will start on June 22, 2021
involving the BRICS nations.
Key Points
This prestigious event offers a platform to share their respective Green Hydrogen initiatives & views
on how to take it to next level in their countries.
Online event will be hosted by India’s largest power producer and global energy majors called NTPC
Ltd.
Summit will bring best brains, policy makers and major stakeholders from BRICS nations deliberating
and discussing at length future of Hydrogen in energy mix.
Summit will witness panel discussions on ideas integrating hydrogen in overall energy policy
framework.
What are different types of Hydrogen?
Hydrogen which is produced from fossil fuels is called grey hydrogen and those generated from fossil fuels
with carbon capture & storage options is called blue hydrogen. On the other hand, Green Hydrogen is
obtained entirely from renewable power sources.
Advantages of Green Hydrogen
Green hydrogen is Environment friendly because its usage led to zero emissions. It is a clean burning
molecule which can decarbonise sectors like iron & steel, chemicals, and transportation. Green Hydrogen
will also help in transition towards clean electric mobility and will help in reducing dependency on minerals
& rare-earth element-based battery for energy storage.

Chile to draft New Constitution

According to Chilean President Sebastian Pinera, Chilean assembly is set to draft a new constitution for the
country which will replace the one inherited from dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. Its first session will be
held on July 4.
Key Points
Constitution will be re-written following a broad political consensus which was agreed to, after violent
social protests of 2019 against inequality in Chile. Referendum was held which got favour of 78% of
Chilean, on October 25, 2020.
Convention represents a great opportunity to achieve new constitution and it will be recognized &
respected by all Chileans under the framework of unity & stability toward future democracy.
Convention will comprise of 155 delegates who were elected in May, 2021.
Background
Constitution of 1980 has problems of legitimacy. The constitutional commission was not representative of
political spectrum of Chile because its members were handpicked by Pinochet dictatorship. As a result,
constitution has been frequently modified (20 times) ever since democracy was reinstated in the country.
About Chile
The country in western South America, occupies long, narrow strip of land between Andes in east and
Pacific Ocean in west. It covers an area of 756,096 square kilometres and a population of 17.5 million. It is
closest to Antarctica and the southernmost country worldwide. It shares border with Peru, Bolivia Argentina
and the Drake Passage. It also controls Pacific islands of Juan Fernandez and Easter Island in Oceania. Its
capital and largest city is Santiago while Spanish is the national language. Chile is known as copper country
of the world.
Social Justice Ministry sets up ’Divyangta Khel Kendras’
Union minister for Social Justice & Empowerment, Shri Thaawarchand Gehlot, announced to set up
“Divyangta Khel Kendras” across the country to work towards interest of Divyangjans in sports and their
good performance in Paralympics.
Key Points
First such kendra would be open in Ahmedabad City.
This announcement was made while virtually addressing ‘Samajik Adhikarita Shivir’ in Gujarat.
Samajik Adhikarita Shivir
This shivir was organised to distribution of aids and assistive devices to ‘Divyangjan’ under ADIP Scheme
(Scheme of Assistance to Disabled Persons) of Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. It was
organized by Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities (DEPwD) in association with
ALIMCO & District Administration Jamnagar. Total of 6225 aids and assistive devices worth Rs.3.57 crore
will be distributed free of cost to 3805 Divyangjan in state. Assessment camps to identify Divyang
beneficiaries was conducted under ADIP scheme by ALIMCO in Jamnagar Parliamentary Constituency.
Scheme of Assistance to Disabled Persons (ADIP)
This scheme was launched in 1981 with the objective of assisting needy disabled persons in procuring
durable, sophisticated and scientifically manufactured, modern aids & appliances. Scheme seeks to
promote their physical, social & psychological rehabilitation by reducing effects of disabilities & enhance
their economic potential. Under the scheme, assistive devices are provided to divyangjan with the aim of
improving their independent functioning.
Tribal Affairs Ministry- NCERT partner for NISHTHA
Tribal Affairs Ministry and NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) have joined
hands with the objective of fulfilling vision of ministry to achieve academic excellence in Eklavya Model

Residential Schools (EMRSs).

Key Points
Partnership also aims to achieve excellence among 120 EMRS teachers and principals of 3 states
which completed 40 days’ NISHTHA programme.
NISHTHA Programme
NISHTHA stands for “National initiative for School Heads’ & Teachers’ Holistic Advancement”
programme.
It is a national flagship program of NCERT.
This is a capacity building program launched with the aim of building competencies among teachers
and school principals. It seeks to improving Quality of School Education through Integrated Teacher
Training.
This programme will be conducted across 350 functional EMRS schools in India.
First batch under programme
First batch of 120 EMRS teachers and principals were selected from 3 states viz., Himachal Pradesh,
Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. Participants were trained on 18 modules covering aspects like Learning
Outcomes, Assessment Practices, Art-Integrated Learning, Gender Equality, POCSO Act, Covid Response of
Schools etc.
mYoga App
Prime Minister Narendra Modi launch mYoga app on the occasion of international day of Yoga and gave the
mantra of “Yog se Sahyog Tak”. This app is a great example of fusion of modern technology & ancient
science.
About mYoga App
mYoga App was launched to provide yoga training videos which will be available across the world in
different languages.
Currently it is available in English, Hindi and French languages. It will be launched in other UN
languages soon.
This app will play a great role in expanding yoga worldwide.
App was launched in collaboration with World Health Organisation (WHO).
What is the purpose of app?
This app has been launched to provide users with collection of videos and audio practice sessions which
can be practiced “in comfort of their own homes, whenever they wish.” App can be used for daily yoga
companion for persons aged 12-65 years.
Who developed the app?
mYoga app was developed by “reviewing scientific literature & extensive international expert consultation
processes.” It was developed in collaboration between WHO and Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy,
Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy.
India-US launched Hydrogen Task Force
According to US India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF), India and United States has launched a
hydrogen task force under “Strategic Clean Energy Partnership (SCEP)” which will boost India’s energy
security efforts.
About US-India Hydrogen Task Force
This task force was launched by United States Department of Energy, Union Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy (MNRE) and USISPF.
It will represent industry & government stakeholders and assess technology status, study innovative
policy options & make recommendations.

This task force will bridge government research with unique industry perspectives which will help in
reaching the goals of decarbonizing, high-polluting industrial sectors and achieving a greener &
cleaner planet.
It will strengthen focused public, private cooperation between both the countries and make way for
accelerated development & deployment of hydrogen energy technologies
It will bring industries and academy together with an aim of integrating private sector inputs to bring
latest technology & adopt business models to develop and deploy hydrogen technologies.
Aim of the task force
US-India Hydrogen Task Force was constituted with the aim of serving as a forum to achieve affordable
hydrogen solutions. It seeks to enhance energy security & resilience by boosting up low or zero-carbon
hydrogen technologies & deployment.
What are Monoclonal antibodies?
Recently, scientists conducted experiments on monoclonal antibody cocktail named REGEN-COV2. Antibody
has been found to be life-saving treatment for severely affected Covid-19 patients.
What are Monoclonal Antibodies?
Monoclonal antibodies are artificial antibodies that perform the activity of our immune systems. They are
produced by extracting specific antibodies from human blood and then cloning them. They are designed to
target a virus or specific part of one the virus. For example, REGEN-COV2 is a cocktail of two monoclonal
antibodies that targets SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Monoclonal antibodies bind to specific parts of spike
protein and block its ability to infect healthy cells.
Uses of Monoclonal antibodies
Monoclonal antibodies are used to treat cancers, Ebola and HIV, besides covid-19. Research, amid the
covid-19 pandemic, are optimistic about abilities of monoclonal antibodies in reducing the risk of
hospitalisation. Monoclonal antibodies have also shown ability to retain activity against multiple variants of
covid-19 virus.
Limitation of Monoclonal Antibodies
Monoclonal therapies have shown results in high-risk groups with mild to moderate Covid-19 infections.
However, they are not approved for use in severe Covid-19 cases that require oxygen. Further, emerging
variants like Delta Plus have also displayed ability to nullify the use of monoclonal antibodies.
UN: India is 5th largest FDI recipient in 2020
As per UN report, India received USD 64 billion in foreign direct investments (FDI) in 2020. It has emerged
the fifth largest recipient of FDI inflows across the world.
World Investment Report 2021
“World Investment Report 2021” was released by UN Conference on Trade and Development
(UNCTAD).
As per the report, global FDI flows have been severely hit by covid-19 pandemic.
FDI flow have decreased by 35 per cent in 2020 to USD 1 trillion from USD 1.5 trillion in 2019.
Lockdowns across the world have slowed down existing investment projects, and prospects of
multinational enterprises (MNEs) to start new projects.
Study on India
According to report, FDI has increased by 27 per cent to USD 64 billion in 2020. FDI was increased up by
acquisitions in information and communication technology (ICT) industry. Pandemic has also increased
demand of digital infrastructure and services globally. It has led to higher values of greenfield FDI project in
ICT industry and has increased by more than 22 per cent. Report highlights, second wave of COVID-19 India
have impacted country’s overall economic activities. India has been ranked 18 among world’s top 20

economies for FDI outflows. Report further highlights, Investments from India will stabilise in 2021, with the
support of country’s resumption of free trade agreement (FTA) talks with European Union (EU) and its
strong investment in Africa.
Tamil Nadu to set up Economic Advisory Council
Newly-elected Tamil Nadu government has decided to constitute an “Economic advisory council to the chief
minister”.
Key Points
Advisory council will comprise of leading economic experts from across the world as its members.
Its members include:
1. Nobel laureate Esther Duflo of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in USA,
2. Former Reserve Bank of India governor, Raghuram Rajan,
3. Former chief economic advisor to central government, Dr Arvind Subramanian,
4. Development economist, Jean Dreze and
5. Former Union finance secretary Dr S Narayan.
Purpose of the council
On the basis of recommendations of this council, government will revitalise economy in the state and
ensure that benefits of economic growth reach all segments of society.
Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (PMEAC)
PMEAC is a non-constitutional, non-permanent and independent body which have been constituted to
provide economic advice to Government, specifically Prime Minister. It serves to highlight key economic
issues that country faces such as inflation, microfinance, and industrial output. Council has been
constituted several times since independence. Recently, Prime minister Modi revived the council in 2017.
Presently, Bibek Debroy is the acting chairman of PMEAC. NITI Aayog serves as the Nodal Agency for
PMEAC for administrative, logistic, planning and budgeting purposes.
SEBI Reconstitutes Takeover Panel
Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has reconstituted its Takeover Panel.
About Takeover Panel
The takeover panel looks into application that seeks exemption from mandatory open offer which as
acquirer needs to make to minority shareholders.
N Venkatram MD and CEO of Deloitte India has been appointed as the new member of Takeover
Panel.
Panel is chaired by N K Sodhi, former chief justice of high courts of Karnataka and Kerala. He was
also the former presiding officer of Securities Appellate Tribunal.
Panel was constituted in accordance with regulation 11(5) of SEBI (Substantial Acquisition of Shares
and Takeovers) Regulations, 2011.
Function of takeover panel
This panel makes its recommendations to Sebi on applications following which SEBI gives an opportunity to
concerned parties before passing any order.
Members of the panel
Other members of takeover panel are:
1. Darius Khambata, who was former advocate general in Maharashtra and
2. Thomas Mathew T who was former chairman of Life Insurance Corporation of India.
Background
First ever takeover panel was constituted in November 2007. It was a four-member panel under
chairmanship of former Bank of Baroda chairman, K Kannan.

Flex-fuel Engines to get mandatory in India

Central government is planning to make production of vehicle with flex-fuel engines mandatory for
carmakers in India.
Highlights
This decision was taken days after advancing cut-off date for mixing 20 per cent ethanol in petrol
from 2030 to 2025.
Government will soon take decision to ask auto industry to provide customers with option to choose
a more cost-effective fuel to run their cars and two-wheelers.
Flex-fuel engines are already in vogue in countries such as Brazil, Canada and United States. In these
countries, a lot of vehicle owners use ethanol as fuel for their cars.
What is flex-fuel vehicle?
Flexible-fuel vehicle of flex-fuel vehicle or dual-fuel vehicle is an alternative fuel vehicle in which internal
combustion engine are designed to run on more than one fuel. They usually run-on gasoline blended with
either ethanol or methanol fuel. Both of the fuels are stored in same common tank. Modern flex-fuel
engines can burn any proportion of resulting blend in combustion chamber because fuel injection and spark
timing are adjusted automatically in accordance with actual blend detected by fuel composition sensor.
Are they different than Bi-fuel Vehicles?
They are different than bi-fuel vehicles, where two fuels are stored in separate tanks and engine runs on one
fuel at a time.
June 22, 2021
What is Virtual Water analysis?
Researchers from Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati have found way for better water management
policies in India through Virtual Water analysis. This study was led by IIT-Guwahati professor Anamika
Barua.
Virtual Water
According to the professor, Virtual Water (VW) is water involved in production & trade of food & non-
food commodities & services.
Virtual water is that “invisible” water that has been consumed in the entire lifecycle of product or
service.
Virtual Water Analysis
Results obtained from study of IIT Guwahati will help in bridging knowledge governance gap to mitigate
water scarcity in Virtual Water flows assessment. As per the study, states with chronic water scarcity,
planning & implementation of sustainable agriculture are crucial to achieve water and food security. Study
finds that, pressure on freshwater resources in water parched states can be reduced by diversifying
production areas by using Virtual Water flows analysis to produce agro-climatically suitable food grains.
Background
Concept of Virtual Water was first conceived in 1990s to understand how water-stressed countries can
provide people with essential items like water-intensive products including food, clothing, and shelter.
Aim of Virtual water flows assessment
Assessment is done with the aim of inducing sustainable use which can lead to water security. It will also
address the gap between science & policy on water scarcity by analysing water flows hidden in agriculture
products which are moving across states in India. It can also help in framing evidence-based water policies
and establishing link between hydrological-economic-institutional aspect of water scarcity.
Laurel Hubbard: 1st Trans Olympian
New Zealand Olympic Committee (NZOC) has selected weightlifter Laurel Hubbard to contest women’s +87

kg category. Weightlifter will be the first transgender athlete to compete at Olympics.

Key Points
43-year-old weightlifter had competed in men’s weightlifting competitions before gender transition in
2013.
Hubbard has been eligible to compete at Olympics since 2015.
In 2015, International Olympic Committee issued guidelines to allow any transgender athlete to
compete as woman on the condition that their testosterone levels are below 10 nanomoles per litre
for at least 12 months before they take part in first competition.
About Laurel Hubbard
Hubbard is a New Zealand weightlifter who has been selected to compete at 2020 Summer Olympics. She
will be the first transgender athlete to compete in Olympic Games after gender transition. Before her gender
transition, Hubbard had set New Zealand junior records in 1998 in newly established M105+ division with
snatch 135 kg, clean & jerk 170 kg. However, these records were later surpassed by David Liti. Hubbard
transitioned to female and became Laurel Hubbard in 2012. She won a silver medal at 2017 World
Championships and gold in 2019 Pacific Games in Samoa. She also competed at 2018 Commonwealth
Games but a serious injury set back her career.
Throat Gargle Sample Test for Children
As per the recommendations of a 13-member expert committee headed by cardiologist Devi Prasad Shetty,
detection of COVID-19 can be done through throat gargle for children.
Key points
Committee, set up by state government to assist in controlling the potential third wave, submitted its
interim report which highlights that, throat gargle samples can be used to detect COVID-19 infection
among children aged 6-14.
A study by Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) also revealed that throat gargle can be a
feasible alternative to swabs to collect sample to detect SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Impact of Third wave on Children
As per estimates, about 3.4 lakh children aged up to 18 years are likely to hit by peak of third wave in State.
Recommendations of the committee
Committee has recommended some measures to combat possible third wave.
According to the committee, demand for paediatric beds at peak level during third wave is likely to
touch 23,804 in hospitals.
It suggests, about 6,801 ICU or HDU beds and 43,358 COVID Care Centre beds may be required to
treat the infected children.
As per committee, managing children with COVID-19 in ICU is completely different than handling adult
patients. Because, adults can take care of themselves with required support but children cannot be
left alone with nurses and doctors. Thus, a different treatment protocol will be needed to treat
children.
Swedish PM Stefan Lofven loses no-confidence vote
Swedish Prime Minister, Stefan Lofven, has become country’s first prime minister to lose a no-confidence
vote.
Key Points
Losing a no-confidence vote means, he can now either resign or trigger a snap election.
Motion of no confidence was passed with a majority of 181 MPs in 349-seat parliament.
Lofven is the first head of government to lose a no-confidence vote and it means collapse of Social
Democrat and Green Party coalition minority government.

Political Crisis in Sweden

Political crisis in Sweden was triggered by a project to reform its rent controls and open door for landlords
to freely set rents for new apartments. However, this project is still in its preliminary stages. This project is
being seen as odds with Swedish social model and as a threat to tenants.
The Riksdag
Swedish Parliament is called as Riksdag. It is the national legislature and supreme decision-making body of
Sweden. Riksdag has been a unicameral legislature since 1971. It is having 349 members who are elected
proportionally and serving for a fixed four-year term. Constitutional functions of Riksdag are enumerated in
instrument of Government and its internal workings are mentioned in Riksdag Act.
Japan to allow 10,000 local fans at Olympics
Olympics organisers has capped the number of spectators at 10,000 for each venue in the 2020 Tokyo
Games following the warnings of experts that event without fans will be a least risky option during the
Covid-19 pandemic.
Key Points
This decision was taken because, vaccine roll-out has been slow in Japan and medical system
pushed to the brink. Though, Japan has avoided explosive coronavirus outbreaks which has
devastated other countries.
Limit for Games will be set at 50% of venue capacity.
This limit is subject to reduction after July 12, on the basis of provisions of any emergency or anti-
infection measures.
2020 Summer Olympics
It is officially called as Games of XXXII Olympiad and also known as Tokyo 2020. It is an upcoming
international multi-sport event which will be held from July 23 to August 8, 2021 in Tokyo, Japan. Earlier, it
was scheduled to from July 24 to August 9 2020. But it was postponed in March 2020 because of COVID-19
pandemic. Event will not allow international spectators. Even though it has been rescheduled for 2021, it
retains Tokyo 2020 name for marketing and branding purposes. This was the first time that Olympic Games
have been postponed and rescheduled.
Key Facts to remember
2020 Games will be the second time that Japan has hosted Summer Olympic Games. First Summer Olympic
was held in Tokyo in 1964. This also makes Tokyo, the first city in Asia to host Summer Games twice. 2020
games will be the fourth Olympic Games to be held in Japan. Japan also hosted Winter Olympics in 1972 at
Sapporo and in 1998 at Nagano.
Cassava: Feedstock for Bioethanol Production
ICAR-Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (CTCRI) have found CASSAVA as a raw material for bioethanol
production to meet Ethanol Blending Petrol (EBP) programme target of 2025 by India.
Key Points
As a biofuel crop, cassava has several advantages over sugarcane.
Cassava is having a high starch content and ability to grow under low management conditions. It has
been globally recognised as a potential candidate for bioethanol production.
However, economic viability to scale-up production from cassava varieties has to be ascertained
because of failure of an alcohol plant set up in Palakkad in 1990s.
Pas biofuel crop
Its starch is having a unique physicochemical and functional properties which finds extensive applications
in food and industrial sectors. Agricultural residues of cassava like peels, stems and leaves are the
potential feedstock for 2G bioethanol production.

Production of Cassava in India

Cassava, also known as Tapioca, production in India is estimated to be 4.98 million tonnes. Tamil Nadu,
followed by Kerala accounts for major amount of production. Its cultivation is also extending towards non-
traditional areas like Maharashtra in order to meet projected demand for starch.
National Policy on Biofuels 2018
This policy ensures the availability of biofuels to meet demand of 20 per cent ethanol produced from
molasses, sugarcane juices & biomass in form of grasses & agricultural residues, sugar-containing
materials like sugar beet, & sweet sorghum or starch-containing materials like rotten potatoes, corn,
cassava, and damaged food grains. India has a target to produce 1,016 crore litres of ethanol for its
blending programmes.
UN: Great Barrier Reef should be listed as 'in danger’
UN committee recommended to add Great Barrier Reef to the list of “in danger” World Heritage Sites.
However, this recommendation is opposed by Australia which is blaming political interference.
Key Points
Recommendation was made by United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)
committee. This committee sits under UNESCO. According to the committee, world’s biggest coral reef
system should be added to ‘in danger’ list because of impact of climate change.
Background
Australia has been battling to keep Great Barrier Reef off the “in danger’ for four years. UNESCO noted in
2015 that, outlook for this reef was poor. However, it kept the site’s status unchanged. Since 2015, Great
Barrier Reef has experienced three major coral bleaching events because of severe marine heatwaves.
Great Barrier Reef
It is world’s largest coral reef system that comprises of about 2,900 individual reefs and 900 islands
stretching for 2,300 kilometres over an area of 344,400 square kilometres. It is located in Coral Sea, off the
coast of Queensland, Australia. The reef can be seen from outer space. It is world’s biggest single structure
made by living organisms. Structure of the reef is composed of and built by tiny organisms called coral
polyps. It was selected as World Heritage Site in 1981.
Israel successfully tests airborne high-power Laser
Israeli military has successfully tested an airborne high-power laser which have the capability to shoot down
drones.
Key points
Israel already have large and sophisticated air defense system.
This system had 90 per cent interception rate against thousands of rockets which were fired from
Gaza during 11-day war of May 2021.
About Israel’s Laser defence system
Laser is a prototype developed with Elbit Systems. It was mounted on a civilian plane and successfully shot
down drones in recent test conducted over Mediterranean Sea.
What is a laser weapon?
Laser weapon is a directed-energy weapon which are based on lasers. As of January 2020, directed-energy
weapons including lasers are currently at experimental stage despite several R&D. It is yet to be seen if or
when laser weapons will be deployed as practical, high-performance military weapons. Laser generates a
beam of light which needs clear air or a vacuum to work[5] without thermal blooming.
Challenges with laser weapon
Atmospheric thermal blooming is a major problem. This problem can worsen if fog, smoke, rain, dust, snow,
smog, foam like obscurant chemicals is present.

Yellow Gold 48: Yellow Watermelon commercially introduced

German agrochemicals major Bayer has commercially launched first-ever yellow watermelon variety called
“Yellow Gold 48” in India under Seminis brand.
About Yellow Watermelon
Yellow watermelon has been developed from superior germplasm under Bayer’s global research and
development efforts.
Yellow watermelon variety has been commercially introduced in India after two years of local trials.
Yellow Gold 48 have enhanced yield potential, better disease & pest tolerance and higher returns
which can benefit watermelon growers.
Yellow Gold 48 variety is best suited for cultivation during October to February. Harvest can be done
from April onwards after which it will be available in market until mid-July.
Significance of Yellow Gold 48
Yellow Gold 48 is having high yield and income potential which will empower watermelon growers to
diversify into new categories. It will also help in growing demand for exotic fruits. It is the first of its kind
yellow flesh watermelon which have moderate to good plant type. It has dark green rind with slight stripes
and orange yellow flesh colour. Average weight of the fruit is 2.5 -3 kg.
Proposed Amendments to Consumer Protection (E-commerce) Rules, 2020
India has planned to tighten rules for e-commerce marketplaces like Amazon and Flipkart and has proposed
several amendments to Consumer Protection (E-commerce) Rules, 2020.
Background
This decision was taken following complaints from small businesses. They have accused e-commerce
marketplace of misusing market dominance and deep discounting by online retailers. Amendments have
been proposed at a time when large e-commerce marketplaces like Flipkart and Amazon India are being
investigated by Competition Commission of India (CCI) for alleged abuse of market dominance. CCI probe
also focuses on deep-discounting practices that e-commerce marketplaces often come up with.
Proposed Rules
Amended rules propose to limit ‘flash sales’ of goods and services by e-commerce companies.
However, it does not ban Conventional e-commerce flash sales. Some specific flash sales or back-to-
back sales that limit customers choice, increase prices & prevents a level playing field will not be
allowed.
E-commerce firms will have to establish adequate redressal mechanisms and appoint a chief
compliance officer.
Companies are also required to name a resident grievance officer who has to be a company employee
and a citizen of India. He will serve as nodal point of contact for law enforcement agencies.
Assam signs MoU with Survey of India to implement Svamitva
Assam government has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Survey of India to implement
Svamitva scheme in the state.
Key Points
Svamitva scheme aims to provide an integrated property validation solution in rural areas.
Scheme will be implemented by Union Ministry of Panchayati Raj, and Assam Government’s
Department of Revenue and Disaster Management with the support of Panchayat and Rural
Development.
Survey of India is the technology partner. It will take steps to survey inhabited rural land by drone and
will establish ground-based control stations which will enable a detailed spatial database of
properties in rural areas.

This scheme is expected to reduce property related disputes and legal cases across rural areas.
Svamitva scheme
This scheme was launched on April 24, 2020 on the occasion of National Panchayati Raj Day. It would
provide ‘record of rights’ to village household owners who are possessing houses in inhabited rural areas in
villages. This in turn, would enable the villagers to use their property as financial asset to take loans and
other financial benefits from banks.
UN Annual Report on children and armed conflict
United Nations published its “Annual Report of Secretary-General on Children & Armed Conflict (CAAC)”. As
per the report, about 19,300 children, including boys and girls, have suffered from one or more incidents of
grave violations in 2020.
As per the report, 26425 grave violations were committed against children in 2020, including attacks
on schools and hospitals.
About 19,300 children affected by war in 2020 were victims of grave violations like killing, maiming or
rape.
As per report, recruitment & use of children, killing & maiming were most prevalent grave violations
against children which is followed by denial of humanitarian access & abduction.
Crimes of abduction has increased by 90%, incidents of rape & other forms of sexual violence have
increased by 70% in 2020.
Wars of adults have taken away childhood of millions of boys and girls in 2020.
One in four children affected by grave violations like rare & other forms of sexual violence were girls.
98% of incidents of sexual violence perpetrated against girls.
Impact of Covid-19
Covid-19 pandemic has complicated UN’s efforts to reach out to children in situations of armed conflict. It
has increased vulnerability of children to abduction, recruitment & use, sexual violence and attacks on
schools & hospitals.
Odisha: Only state to have all three species of crocodiles
Odisha has become the only state in India to have all the three species of crocodiles.
Key Points
Three species in the state of Odisha are:
1. Reptile freshwater Gharials at Satkosia in Mahanadi,
2. Muggers in Bhitarkanika National Park and
3. Saltwater crocodiles.
Odisha has witnessed natural nesting of Gharials (a critically endangered species) for the first time
since they were introduced in its rivers in 1975.
About 28 hatchlings of Gharials were spotted in Mahanadi River in Baladamara area near Satkosia
range.
Gharials in Odisha
Original Gharials which were introduced in Odisha are dead now. After waiting for 40 years for their
numbers to grow naturally, Odisha introduced 13 more Gharials in past three years in the Mahanadi. But
only eight survived.
About Gharial
Gharials, also known as gavial or fish-eating crocodile, are crocodilian of family Gavialidae. They are among
longest of all living crocodilians. They have been named gharial because of a distinct boss at the end of
snout, which resembles an earthenware pot called ghara. Gharials are well adapted to catching fish because

of its long, thin snout and 110 sharp & interlocking teeth. They have been listed as critically endangered in
IUCN Red List since 2007.
Background
They probably evolved in northern Indian subcontinent. Fossil gharial remains were excavated in Pliocene
deposits from Shivalik Hills and Narmada River valley. They currently inhabit rivers in northern Indian
subcontinent.
June 23, 2021
Study: Benefits in Punjab due to BT Cotton adoption
As per recent study in Punjab, adoption of BT cotton in Punjab has resulted in net economic and
environmental benefits.
About BT Cotton
BT cotton is a genetically modified organism (GMO) or genetically modified pest resistant plant cotton
variety. It produces an insecticide to combat bollworm. BT toxins are insecticidal to larvae of moths,
butterflies, cotton bollworms, beetles and flies. Commercial cultivation of BT cotton (Bacillus thuringiensis
cotton) began in 2002 after Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) approved it. Its cultivation was
started in 2002 in western and southern parts of the country. it was introduced by joint venture between
Monsanto and Mahyco. India grew the largest GM cotton crop in 2011 at 10.6 million hectares.
BT cotton in Punjab
BT cotton was released for cultivation in Punjab in 2005. Even before it was released, 72% farmers were
growing BT Cotton on 22% of cotton area.
Study: Success of BT in Punjab
Research conducted the study funded by Agricultural Extension Division of Indian Council of Agricultural
Research under extramural project “Impact evaluation of integrated pest management technologies”. Study
found that, since the commercialization of BT cotton,
1. Insecticide use by volume & applications, environmental & human health impact associated with
insecticide use and use of highly hazardous & riskiest insecticides has reduced over time.
2. Expenses associated with insecticide use has also reduced.
3. Cotton yields in the past 13 years have been stable, except in 2015.
World’s first GM Rubber planted in Assam
Rubber Board has started field trial of world’s first GM (genetically modified) rubber in the state of Assam.
Key Points
GM Rubber was developed in biotechnology laboratory at Rubber Research Institute of India (RRII) in
Puthuppally, Kottayam.
It was planted at Rubber board’s Sarutari research farm in Guwahati.
Rubber Board launched field trial of GM Rubber in Assam a decade after Kerala Government denied
permission for the same because of its adverse impact on environment.
Background
GM Rubber is the second genetically modified crop for which field trial has started after Bt. Cotton. Genetic
Engineering Appraisal Committee (GEAC) had allowed to open field trials of GM rubber in 2010 at
Chetchackal, Thombikandom, in Kottayam.
Significance of GM Rubber
GM variant rubber has the capacity to withstand adverse climatic conditions. It will give a big boost to
rubber production in India. It will greatly benefit farmers after trials are over. The crop is resistant to
reduced moisture or drought, low & high temperatures as well as high light intensity. It will also cut short the
maturity period of rubber. It will result into early yielding.

Issue with the growth of rubber

Growth of young rubber gets slower in winter season in North East because plants do not get enough light
during monsoon. Lack of adequate water during summer season also creates stress to plants. Thus, GM
rubber can overcome these issues and result into faster growth.
India-Fiji MoU for Cooperation in Agriculture
A memorandum of understanding (MoU) for cooperation in agriculture & allied sectors was signed between
Union Minister of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Shri Narendra Singh Tomar and Fiji’s Minister of
Agriculture, Waterways & Environment, Dr. Mahendra Reddy.
Key Points
India and Fiji share a cordial and friendly relations based on mutual respect, cooperation and strong
cultural & people-to-people ties.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Fiji and first Forum for India Pacific Islands Cooperation have
given a new boost to India’s engagement with Fiji and Pacific region.
In the lines, signing of this MoU will further strengthen the multi-faceted cooperation between both
the countries.
Cooperation between countries
Food and agriculture are closely associated to climate change. Both countries are cooperating to deal with
global challenges in agriculture. Amid the covid-19 pandemic, India have distributed about 7 tonnes of
seeds of 14 varieties of fruits and vegetables to Fiji as a grant for livelihood restoration of communities who
were affected by Cyclone Yasa.
About MoU
MoU between both the countries provides for cooperation in fields of Dairy Industry Development, Root crop
diversification, Rice Industry Development, Water Resources Management, Food Processing Industry
Development, Coconut Industry Development, Agriculture Mechanization, Animal Husbandry, Agricultural
Research, Horticulture Industry Development, Pest & Disease, Cultivation, Value Addition & Marketing, Post-
Harvest & Milling, Breeding & Agronomy. MoU will be executed by Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’
Welfare, India and Ministry of Agriculture, Fiji. A Joint Working Group will also be established to set down
procedures. MoU will be valid for five years.
Green Tariff Policy launched
Union Government is working on a ‘Green Tariff Policy’ with the objective of reinforcing India’s green energy
credentials.
Green Tariff Policy
Green Tariff Policy will help electricity distribution companies (DISCOMs) supply electricity generated
from clean energy projects at a cheaper rate as compared to power from conventional fuel sources
such as coal.
Large corporate who are looking to procure only green power, they can contract such power from a
clean energy developer as it is done in commercial and industrial (C&I) segment.
Once the policy is finalised, DISCOMs can exclusively buy green electricity and supply it at ‘green
tariff’.
Green Tariff will be the weighted average tariff of green energy that consumer will have to pay.
The tariff will be slightly lower than tariff from conventional fuel sources and a new regulation will
help to ensure, if an industry wants only green power from developer, open access applications will
be approved within a fortnight.
Open access
Open access allows large users of energy, consuming over 1 megawatt of power, to buy energy from open

market, instead of depending on expensive grid. However, state DISCOMs are not allowing clean energy
developers to use power transmission and distribution networks to supply electricity to third-party.
Background
Green tariff policy is being finalised in the backdrop of India’s solar and wind power tariffs hitting a low of
₹1.99 per unit and ₹2.43 per unit respectively.
ZyCoV-D: World's first DNA-based Vaccine
Indian pharmaceutical company Zydus Cadila is soon going to apply Central Drugs Regulator (DGCI) for
emergency approval of the corona vaccine ZyCoV-D. If approved, it will be the world’s first DNA-based
vaccine. With this, the number of vaccines available in the country will increase to 4. So far, Serum
Institute’s Covishield, Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin and Russia’s Sputnik-V are being used in India.
Single Dose or Double Dose
All three vaccines currently being administered in India are double dose vaccines. At the same time, there
are single-dose vaccines also such as Johnson & Johnson and Sputnik Lite, which may come to India in the
coming months. But the Zykov-D vaccine is different from all these. Not one or two but three doses of this
Indian vaccine will be applied. During Phase-1 and Phase-2 trials, this vaccine keeps immunity strong for a
long time after applying three doses. However, Cadila is also testing two doses of it. Results related to this
can also come soon.
Method of Applying Vaccine
ZyCoV-D is a needle free vaccine. It will be fitted with a jet injector. Jet injectors are widely used in USA and
some other countries. This allows the vaccine to be injected into people’s skin under high pressure. At the
same time, the needle injections that are usually used, fluid or medicine goes into the muscles. Compressed
gas or springs are used for pressure in jet injectors.
This device was invented in 1960. WHO gave permission for its use in 2013. Jet injectors have been in
widespread use in the US since 2014. Along with this, it is also used in some countries of Europe, Africa and
Asia.
Benefits of vaccine with a jet injector
Firstly, it reduces the pain to the person who is getting it, because it does not go inside your muscle like a
normal injection.Secondly, the risk of spreading the infection is much less than the needle injection.
Companies like Farmjet, Spirit International, Valeritus Holdings, Injex, Enteris Pharma manufacture jet
injectors.
Vaccine Application Status
Cadila may apply to DGCI for emergency approval of ZyCoV-D this week. The data analysis of Phase 3 of the
vaccine trial is almost ready. The company has informed the government about this. Apart from adults, this
vaccine is also being tested on children aged 12 to 18 years. This vaccine is also being tested on people
who already have serious diseases. Zydus Cadila is talking about producing 24 crore doses in a year. The
preparation of the company is such that it will come in the market just a few days after getting the approval.
The company will produce 2 crore vaccines every month. Along with this, talks are also going on with other
manufacturers to increase production. The company will make about one crore doses in the first month.
After this the production will be doubled from next month.
Information on Three doses of ZyCoV-D
The second dose of ZyCoV-D will be administered 28 days after the first dose. At the same time, the third
dose will be taken 56 days after the first dose. That is, there will be a difference of 4 weeks in each dose.
More than 28000 people have been enrolled for the third phase trial of ZyCoV-D. This includes children
between the ages of 12 and 18. Cadila has conducted Phase III trials at 20 centers across the country. At
each centre, 20-20 children in the age group of 12 to 18 years were also part of the trial. It has been said by

the centers involved in the trial that no side effects have been seen on the children of the vaccine. It is
expected that soon the country will get the first vaccine for children. It is being said that the company may
soon trial the vaccine on children aged 5 to 12 years. If the results of the trial are encouraging, then the
scope of vaccination can be expanded further.
How does this vaccine work?
ZyCoV-D is a DNA-plasmid vaccine. This vaccine uses genetic material to increase the immunity of the
body. Just as Pfizer and Moderna’s vaccines in many countries including the US use mRNA to increase
immunity, in the same way it uses plasmid-DNA. mRNA can also be called messenger RNA, which goes into
the body and gives the message to make antibodies against the corona virus. Whereas, plasmid is a small
DNA molecule present in human cells. This DNA is different from the common chromosome DNA. Plasmid-
DNA is commonly found in bacterial cells and can replicate independently. The plasmid-DNA is converted
into a viral protein when it enters the human body. This develops a strong immune response to the virus in
the body. This stops the virus from growing. If a virus changes its shape, that is, it has a mutation, then this
vaccine can be changed in a few weeks. It is easier to maintain than other vaccines. It can be stored at 2 to
8 degree temperature. Even at 25 degree room temperature, it does not spoil. Because of this, there is no
need of cold chain for its maintenance. Even for the new variant of the corona, it can be easily modified
compared to the other vaccines.
Mizoram announces incentives for having more children
Sports Minister of Mizoram, Robert Romawia Royte, has announced a cash incentive of Rs 1 lakh for having
more children.
Highlights
Rs 1 lakh would be given to living parent with highest number of children in minister’s constituency to
encourage population growth among the demographically small Mizo communities.
This declaration was announced at a time when several Indian states are advocating population
control policy.
Person will also get a certificate and a trophy.
Cost of the incentive will be borne by a construction consultancy firm which is owned by Royte’s son.
Why this declaration was made?
Minister made this declaration as infertility rate has increased and growth rate has decreased among Mizo
population which has become a serious concern. Mizoram is far below optimum number of people to attain
development across several fields because of gradual decline in its population.
Population density in Mizoram
About 52 persons live in area of per square kilometre in Mizoram. It has the second lowest population
density in India, next to Arunachal Pradesh. National average is 382 per sq km.
Delhi launched Mukhyamantri Covid-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana
Delhi government has launched “Mukhyamantri COVID-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana” to provide
financial assistance to the families who lost a member due to Covid-19 pandemic.
Why scheme was launched?
According to notification by Social Welfare Department, Rs 50,000 ex-gratia will be provided to every
family that has lost a member amid pandemic.
A pension of Rs 2,500 per month would also be given to those families that lost the sole breadwinner
to covid-19 pandemic.
Government will also consider single member of affected family to be enrolled as civil defence
volunteer.
Government will also look after health and education needs of dependent children.

What are the conditions to get ex-gratia?

There is no income criterion to apply to get ex-gratia under this scheme. However, deceased and
dependant should be from Delhi.
To get the ex-gratia, death should be certified as COVID-19 death or death within one month of testing
positive with Covid-19.
Background
Announcement to bring such scheme was announced by Chief Minister Arvind Kejriwal on May 18, 2021. He
also promised free education and financial assistance to children who lost one or both parents.
International Olympic Day 2021
World Olympic Day is observed on June 23 across the world to embrace all through pure Olympic values.
Key points
This day signifies the Olympic Games which is held every four-year featuring summer and winter
sports competitions.
During the event, thousands of athletes from world take part in several competitions.
Athletes participate in sports activities like runs, music, exhibitions, and educational seminars on this
day.
Olympic Day
Olympic Day is observed on the basis of three pillars:
1. Move
2. Learn
3. Detect
History of the day
World Olympic Day was introduced in 1948. It was started to commemorate the birth of modern Olympic
Games on June 23, 1894. Modern Olympic Games was born at Sorbonne in Paris. Modern-day Olympic
games are inspired by ancient Olympic Games which were held in Olympia, Greece between 8th century BC
and 4th century AD.
Goal of the day
Olympic Day is celebrated to promote participation in sport across the world irrespective of gender, age, or
athletic ability.
Modern Olympic Games
Olympic Games are leading international sporting events that features summer and winter sports
competitions wherein thousands of athletes from world participate in several competition. These Games
are considered world’s foremost sports competition in which about 200 nations participate. Games are
normally held in Summer and Winter, every two years in four-year period.
WHO Report: Suicide worldwide in 2019
Suicide worldwide in 2019 report was published by World Health Organization (WHO).
Report finds that, reducing global suicide mortality rate by a third is an indicator as well as a target in
United Nations-mandated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). But world will not be able to reach
this target.
Only 38 countries have a national suicide prevention strategy, as of now.
Suicide crisis was already in place in 2019. About 7,03,000 people (one in 100) died by suicide in
2019.
In 2019, global age-standardized suicide rate was 9.0 per 1,00,000 population.
58% of the suicides occurred before the age of 50 years.

Suicide was fourth-leading cause of death in young people aged 15-29 worldwide in 2019.
77% of global suicides occurred in low-income and middle-income countries in 2019.
Africa, Europe and South-East Asia accounted for suicide rates higher than world’s average.
Suicides in India
As per the WHO report, India has highest suicide rate in Southeast Asian region. National Crime Records
Bureau shows that, about 1,34,516 cases of suicide were reported in 2018. Rate of suicide was 9.9 in 2017
which increased to 10.2 in 2018.
Gujarat launches Agricultural Diversification Scheme
Chief Minister of Gujarat, Vijay Rupani, e-launched Agricultural Diversification Scheme-2021 which will
benefit vanbandhu- farmers in tribal areas. It seeks to make agriculture sustainable and profitable in tribal
areas.
About the scheme
Scheme will benefit some 1.26 lakh farmers from 14 tribal districts of the state.
Under this scheme, tribal farmers will be provided fertilizer-seed assistance of Rs. 31 crores.
About 45 kg of urea, 50 kg of NPK and 50 kg of ammonium sulphate will be provided to these
farmers.
Seeds of crops such as maize, millet, tomato, Bitter Melon (karela), Calabash (dudhi) etc. will be
provided under this scheme.
What state government has done to provide water?
State government has also undertaken works to deliver irrigation water at high altitudes through several lift
irrigation schemes in hilly areas of tribal districts. These schemes would enable tribal farmers to cultivate
on their own.
Tribal districts in Gujarat
Scheduled areas or Tribal areas of Gujarat are distributed across Tapi district, Bharuch district, Dangs
district & taluka, Valsad district, Panchmahal district, Vadodara district, Saurashtra region, Sabarkantha
district and Surat District. As per census 2011, population of Gujarat was 60,439,692 out of which 8,917,174
persons are Scheduled Tribes (STs). They constitute about 14.75 percent of total population of Gujarat.
Reuters Digital News Report, 2021
th
10 edition of Reuters Digital News Report 2021 was published on June 23, 2021. Report is published by
Reuters Institute for Study of Journalism (RISJ).
India was ranked at 31st position in the category of “trust in news” out of 46 media markets that were
surveyed by Reuters.
Asian College of Journalism (ACJ) provided logistical support to survey Indian market.
Study focused on trust in news and featured India for the first time in its main report this year.
As per report, 73 per cent of respondents in India use smartphones to access news while 82 per cent
source news online using social media.
63 per cent of the respondents are acquiring information from social media platforms like WhatsApp
and YouTube only.
38 percent of the respondents in India trusted news overall.
Finland, with 65%, has highest levels of overall trust in news.
USA, with 29 %, has the lowest levels of trust.
Who were the respondents?
ACJ and RISJ interviewed only online news users and English-speaking affluent, younger, educated and city-
dwelling population. They account for small portion of Indians and cannot be considered as representing

India.
Moody's: India's growth projection at 9.6 per cent for 2021
Moody’s Investors Service has reduced India’s growth forecast to 9.6 per cent for 2021 from the earlier
forecast of 13.9 per cent. According to it, growth will restrict to 7 % in 2022.
Highlights
Growth forecast was published in its report called ‘Macroeconomics India: Economic shocks from second
COVID wave will not be as severe as last year’s’.
As per the report, high-frequency economic indicators shows that second wave of COVID-19 in India
has hit hard the economy in April and May.
It highlights, as restrictions are now easing, economic activity in May will signify the trough.
Faster vaccination progress will be the key in restricting economic losses to June 2021.
It further states, virus resurgence has added uncertainty to India’s growth forecast for 2021. But it is
likely that the economic damage will remain restricted for April-June quarter.
Which states have been hardest hit?
10 states in India have been hardest hit by second wave. They account for about 60 per cent of pre-
pandemic level of India’s GDP. Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka are the four states
that contributed largest shares among all states in financial year 2019-20.
Background
Indian economy witnessed the growth rate of 7.3 per cent in fiscal 2020-21 during the first wave of COVID
against the growth rate of 4 per cent in 2019-20.
BRICS Green Hydrogen Summit
India’s largest energy integrated company, NTPC Ltd, anchored two-day BRICS Green Hydrogen Summit.
Highlights
Green Hydrogen is one of the most popular and demanding fields in current times and is considered
as next carrier of energy.
Online event was attended by experts from Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (BRICS)
countries.
BRICS countries shared their insights and professional views on subject and latest developments of
their countries in the field of green hydrogen.
Key notes from expert highlights that, government & industry must work together to ensure that
existing regulations are not an unnecessary barrier to investment.
Significance of BRICS in bringing green hydrogen
Five BRICS countries have a common vision of sustainable development and inclusive economic growth.
Strategic areas of importance for grouping include- strengthening energy cooperation & ensuring affordable,
reliable, accessible and secured energy for all. BRICS countries are capable of ensuring a net-zero carbon
emission because the cost of deployment of emerging technologies in BRICS countries is a fraction as
compared to developed countries.
Why focus is on green hydrogen?
BRICS countries are focusing on green hydrogen because it has a great potential to ensure sustainable
energy supply, increase level of energy availability and minimize negative impact on environment.
Cabinet approves merger of CWC-CRWC
Union Cabinet has approved merger of Central Railside Warehouse Company (CRWC) and its holding
enterprise Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) in order to unify similar functions of both the
companies. Companies were merged with the aim of improving efficiency and increase financial savings.

Significance of merger
With the merger, it is expected that, management expenditure of Railside Warehouse Complexes
(RWCs) will be reduced by Rs 5 crore due to savings in corporate office rent, salary of employees and
other administrative costs.
India & Saint Vincent and The Grenadines signed agreement for exchange of information & assistance
to collect taxes which will help in India’s fight against offshore tax evasion and tax avoidance
practices.
CRWC & CWC merger will unify similar functions of both companies, like warehousing, handling, and
transportation. These functions would come under single administration which in turn will promote
efficiency, optimum capacity utilisation, accountability, transparency and ensure financial savings.
It will help in setting up at least 50 more Railside warehouses near goods-shed locations which will
generate employment opportunities for 36,500-man days for skilled workers and 9,12,500-man days
for unskilled workers.
Central Railside Warehouse Company Limited (CRWC)
CRWC is a Public Sector Enterprise of Mini-Ratna status of Category-II. It was incorporated on in 2007 under
the Companies Act, 1956.
Jamsetji Tata: World's top philanthropist of last century
Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata who was the founder of Tata Group, has emerged as the topper of the list of
EdelGive Hurun Philanthropists of Century.
Highlights
An estimated donation of $102.4 billion was in health and education sector.
Total philanthropic value of Tata is made up of 66 percent of Tata Sons which is estimated at $100
billion.
Tata Group and its philanthropic activities are presently headed and overseen by Emeritus Chairman
Ratan Tata
Who was Jamsetji Tata?
Jamsetji Tata was the founder of Tata Iron and Steel Works Company (TISCO) in Jamshedpur which is now
known as Tata Steel. His endowments started as early as 1892 and he was popular for his ventures within
cotton and pig iron industry. Though Jamsetji Tata died in 1904, Tata Steel operates across 26 countries
and employs about 80,500 people. Jamsetji Tata is regarded as the “Father of Indian Industry”. He was so
influential across the world of industry that Jawaharlal Nehru referred him as “One-Man Planning
Commission”.
Tata Group
It is an Indian public multinational conglomerate that manufacture automobiles, airplanes and other
products. It is headquartered in Mumbai and was founded in 1868.
India- USA Navy Passage Exercise
India and USA are all set to conduct Passage Naval Exercise in last week of June 2021. Indian naval ships
will carry maritime patrol & other aircraft to participate the exercise with US Navy’s Ronald Reagan Carrier
Strike Group during its transit through Indian Ocean Region.
Key Points
Passex is part of regular exercises between Indian and US navies.
This bilateral and multilateral format exercises “underscore shared values of both the navies in
ensuring commitment of an open, inclusive and rules-based international order.
Background
Indian Navy conducted Passex exercise with USS Ronald Reagan in October 2020 and later Indian naval

ships conducted another Passex with USS Nimitz that was returning from South China Sea through Strait of
Malacca where Freedom of Navigation Operations were undertaken. In September 2020, a US Navy P-8A
long range maritime patrol aircraft also landed at Port Blair in Andaman & Nicobar Islands for refuelling for
the first time under bilateral logistics support agreement.
Ronald Reagan Carrier Strike Group (CSG)
CSG is currently on its way to Middle East to help provide support for US withdrawal from Afghanistan.
Earlier in June, CSG was in contested waters of South China Sea where it conducted exercises with
Singapore Navy.
Aim of India-US Passex exercise
India-US Passex exercise is a two-day exercise which aims to strengthen bilateral relationship and
cooperation by demonstrating ability to integrate & coordinate comprehensively in maritime operations.
June 24, 2021
Cochin International Airport wins honour in airport service quality.
Cochin International Airport (CIAL) won Airport Council International (ACI) Director General’s Roll of
Excellence honour in Airport Service Quality.
Key Points
Airport Council International (ACI) is a global body of airport operators which established Roll of
Excellence recognition to airports.
This recognition is awarded to those airports which, in opinion of passengers, consistently delivered
excellent services.
Award will be presented during ACI Customer Experience Global Summit which will be held on
September 9, 2021 in Montreal, Canada.
Why Cochin International Airport won?
Cochin International Airport has consistently delivered excellence in customer service by winning multiple
awards for five years in past 10 years. It is one among six airports across the world that will receive
recognition in 2021.
Service quality programme
ACI’s service quality programmes have been helping airport officials in ensuring international standards in
airport management. Roll of Excellence honour is a gesture from global organisation recognising CIAL’s
commitment to the passengers.
Airports Council International (ACI)
ACI is a global trade representative of world’s airport authorities. It was established in the year 1991. It
represents interests of airport with governments & international organizations, develops standards and
recommended practices for airports. It provides information and training opportunities to raise standards
worldwide. It seeks to provide public a safe, secure, efficient, and environmentally responsible air transport
system. ACI is governed by ACI Governing Board. It is located in Montreal, Canada.
CII-IGBC launches Green High-Speed Rail Rating System
Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) in association with the National High-Speed Rail Corporation Ltd
(NHSRCL) has launched world’s first exclusive Green rating system for High-Speed Rail.
About NHSRCL
NHSRCL is a tool to enable new High-Speed Rail (HSR) stations which will apply energy-efficient
concepts during design and construction.
It will reduce measurable adverse environmental impacts.
IGBC’s Green HSR rating system has been launched with the objective of ensuring environmental
sustainability while enhancing commuter experience.

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)

IGBC is a green building which uses less water, optimises energy efficiency, generates less waste,
conserves natural resources and provides healthier spaces for occupants as opposed to conventional
building. It is the leading green building movement of India. It was established by Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) in 2001. It is based in CII-Sohrabji Green Business Centre, Hyderabad which is 1st Platinum
rated green building of India. IGBC seeks to enable a ‘Sustainable built environment for all’ by 2025.
Green building council (GBC)
GBC is a national non-profit, non-government organization which is part of global network recognized by
World Green Building Council. It’s goal is to promote transformation of sustainable built environment.
National High-Speed Rail Corporation Limited (NHSRCL)
NHSRCL was established on February 12, 2016 under Companies Act, 2013 with the objective of financing,
constructing, maintaining and managing High Speed Rail Corridor in India. Company is modelled as ‘Special
Purpose Vehicle’ in joint sector with equity participation by Ministry of Railways and Government of Gujarat
& Government of Maharashtra.
Cabinet approves PMGKY 4.0
Union government has approved PMGKY 4.0 to allocate additional food grain for another period of five
months from July 2021 to November 2021.
Key Points
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana Phase IV will be launched from July 2021 to November 2021.
Under it, free of cost food grains will be given at 5 kg per person per month.
Phase four of the scheme will reach to the 81.35 crore beneficiaries, who are covered under National
Food Security Act (NFSA), Antyodaya Anna Yojana and Priority Households. It will also benefit those
covered under Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT).
Additional food grain will be sanctioned at the subsidy of Rs.64,031 crore.
Government of India is bearing entire expenditure without any contribution by states or UTs.
Additional expenditure of about Rs 3,234.85 crore will be required to meet transportation & handling
and FPS dealers’ margins. Thus, total estimated expenditure for Government of India will be Rs 67,
266.44 crore.
Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (PMGKY)
PMGKAY was launched under the Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package (PMGKP) to help poor fight against
Covid-19. It was launched by the Ministry of Finance. Initially the scheme was announced for a three-month
period that is April, May & June 2020. It covered 80 crore ration cardholders. Later, it was extended till
November 2020. The scheme was restarted in April 2021 after second wave of covid-19 pandemic.
Checklist of Colombian Butterflies- Highlights
As per recent study, Colombia is home to world’s largest variety of butterflies. It accounts for 20% of all
known species.
Key points
International team of scientists classified 3,642 species and 2,085 subspecies.
They registered the species in document titled “Checklist of Colombian Butterflies.”
About 200 butterfly species are found in Colombia.
Project researchers travelled widely in Colombia and analysed about 350,000 photographs.
About Colombia
Colombia is a country having great diversity of natural habitats. It is having a complex and heterogeneous
geography. It is located in a privileged location of extreme northeast of South America. It is bounded by
Caribbean Sea, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Brazil, and Pacific Ocean. It’s rich cultural heritage is

highly influenced by various Amerindian civilizations, European settlement, forced African labour, and
immigration from Europe & Middle East.
Biodiversity in Colombia
Colombia is one among megadiverse countries. It ranks first in bird species. It has around 40,000 and
45,000 plant species accounting for 10 to 20% of total global species. It is second most biodiverse country
of the world, following Brazil. Country has 10% of world’s mammals species, 14% of amphibian species and
18% of bird species.
Ingenuity undertakes 8th flight on the Mars
NASA’s experimental Mars helicopter called Ingenuity undertook its 8th flight on Red Planet.
Highlights
Most recent flight was made by Ingenuity to Mars was on June 21, 2021.
During the flight, Ingenuity remained aloft for 77.4 seconds.
It flew 525 feet and landed about 440 feet away from Perseverance rover.
Ingenuity was originally designed to fly only five times. But its steady successes made agency to
extend its mission and experiment with more ambitious flights.
What is Ingenuity?
Ingenuity is a small robotic helicopter which is operating on Mars under NASA’s Mars 2020 mission. It
successfully completed first powered controlled flight by an aircraft on a planet besides Earth on April 19,
2021. As of June 22, it has successfully completed eight flights. A solar-charged battery-powered coaxial
drone rotorcraft is serving as a technology and operations demonstration which will help in flying probes on
future missions to Mars. Ingenuity was built by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of NASA. It travelled to
Mars attached to underside of Perseverance rover.
Perseverance rover
It is a car-sized Mars rover, to explore Jezero crater on Mars under NASA’s Mars 2020 mission. It was
manufactured by Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Rover was launched on July 30, 2020 and was landed to Mars
on February 18, 2021. Perseverance has been active on Mars for 122 sols or 125 Earth days since its
landing, as of June 2021.
IIT Madras launches 'Centre for Research on Start-Ups and Risk Financing’
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras has launched a ‘Centre for Research on Start-Ups and Risk
Financing’ (CREST) which will provide academic & thought leadership in innovation, entrepreneurship and
risk capital.
About CREST
CREST will help in creating a data repository on Indian start-ups and ventures.
It will address a hurdle for engaging in high-quality research.
CREST as an information resource will be made accessible for researchers & policymakers which can
result in top-tier publications.
CREST mission would engage in scholarly research encompassing areas of innovation,
entrepreneurship, and risk capital.
This data repository is being developed on innovation, venturing and risk capital which will create
infrastructure to carry high-quality research.
Vision of CREST
CREST mission has been launched with the vision to be globally recognized as leading centre of research in
the fields of creation, development, and financing of innovation, start-ups, and entrepreneurship. It also
seeks to establish a system of cross-country collaborative research which will help in use of unique data
sets on start-ups and venture capital. It will carry evidence synthesis on start-up & innovation ecosystem to

inform policymakers and practitioners.

G20 Education Ministers’ Meeting
G20 education ministers’ meeting was held on recently in which ministers reiterated commitment to ensure
continuity of quality education amid the ongoing covid-19 pandemic.
Key Points
During the meeting, ministers reaffirmed their commitment to eliminate education and workspace
inequalities.
Sanjay Dhotre, minister of state for education, represented India.
He reiterated India’s commitment towards reducing and eventually eliminating educational poverty,
inequalities and early school leaving.
Meeting was hosted by Italy, in which G20 education ministers shared views on ‘how to progress
towards fight against educational poverty and inequalities’ in the midst of Covid 19 pandemic.
Ministers also decided to share innovative experiences with each other in order to ensure continuity
of learning pathways using the blended education model.
Indian Minister reiterated India’s new education policy and several welfare scheme which are running
to bridge education inequalities especially for girls and socially & economically disadvantaged
groups.
He reaffirmed India’s support for “collective efforts of G-20 countries to reduce educational poverty &
inequalities.”
About G20
G20 is an intergovernmental forum of 19 countries and European Union (EU). It addresses major issues
related to global economy like international financial stability, sustainable development and climate change
mitigation. G20 is comprise of most of world’s largest industrialized and developing nations. It accounts for
90 percent of gross world product (GWP), two-thirds of world’s population and half of world’s land area.
Grouping was founded in 1999 to look after world economic crises.
G20 Labour and Employment Ministers’ Meeting
G20 Labour & Employment Ministers’ Meeting was hosted in blended mode by Italy.
Highlights
During the virtual meeting, G-20 Ministers exchanged their views on transitions from school to work.
Ministry of labour & employment, India was represented by MoS (I/C) Shri Santosh Gangwar along
with minister of state for education, Sanjay Dhotre.
Ministers reiterated to recognize the need to equip youth well for a smooth transition into work space
after they complete their education.
This move is especially important for learners belonging to socially and economically disadvantaged
population groups, who are more at risk of being left behind.
Indian Minister committed to help its youth in developing knowledge, skills and attitudes which are
necessary for 21st century global work space. India’s approach is to integrate vocational education
with general academic education. It also focuses on demand driven, competency based and modular
vocational courses.
India is also enhancing post education apprenticeship opportunities for youth by realigning existing
National Apprenticeship Training Scheme.
India-G20
India has a great importance for collaboration between G20 countries in the areas of vocational education
and training.

G20 countries
G20 grouping invites its members, invited countries, international partner organizations and some groups to
dialogue & build consensus so as to promote public policies which can solve challenges being faced by
humanity. G20 member countries include- Germany, Saudi Arabia, Argentina, Australia, Canada, China,
Brazil, France, India, South Korea, United States, Italy, Japan, Indonesia, Mexico, United Kingdom, Russia,
South Africa, Turkey and European Union.
LIC introduces Technology Platform ‘e-PGS’
Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) has launched a centralized web-based workflow-based IT platform called
“e-PGS”.
Why this platform was launched?
LIC launched this platform for its group business operations.
Project e-PGS was inaugurated by M R Kumar, Chairman of LIC, at Central Office, Mumbai.
First digital receipt generated on new IT platform was received by Rakesh Sharma, Managing Director
& Chief Executive Officer of IDBI Bank.
Significance of e-PGS
New technology platform, e-PGS, has been designed to provide a centralized collection and payment
accounting with high level of bank integration.
It will provide collection through host-to-host connectivity. It has been designed to provide very
innovative features of seamless and integrated banking with automatic reconciliations.
This system is capable of providing comprehensive self-servicing capabilities through customer
portal. On this portal, corporate customers will be able to view their data, initiate actionable
processes and lodge & track claims.
It has been designed to cater the expectations of technology intensive corporate customers.
It will provide a high-level integration service with customers’ technology systems to transfer data
and services seamlessly.
Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC)
LIC is an Indian government owned insurance and investment corporation. It works under the ownership of
Ministry of Finance. It was established on September 1, 1956 by Life Insurance of India Act.
International Widows Day 2021
International Widows Day is observed on June 23 to bring attention to the voices of widows and highlight
the problems they face.
Background
International Widows Day was established by The Loomba Foundation to raise awareness regarding the
issue of widowhood. It is a United Nations ratified day of action. It addresses “poverty and injustice faced
by millions of widows and their dependents across the countries.
Why it is celebrated on June 23?
June 23 was chosen to mark the day because on this day, Shrimati Pushpa Wati Loomba, mother of Lord
Loomba, became a widow in 1954.
History
First International Widows Day was observed in 2005. It was launched by Lord Loomba and Cherie Blair who
are foundation’s president. Later on, December 21, 2010, the day was formally adopted as International
Widows Day by United Nations. In 2010, it was the sixth edition. After the sixth edition, the events are being
held in other countries like Sri Lanka, United States, UK, Syria, Nepal, India, Kenya, and Bangladesh.
This day provides an opportunity for action to achieve full rights and recognition for widows. It also talks

about providing widows with information regarding the access to fair share of their inheritance, land,
productive resources, social protection, decent work, equal pay, and pensions.
Number of widows
There are about 258 million widows across the world. Out of them, one in ten windows live in extreme
poverty.
WHO: Delta variant may become dominant lineage
World Health Organisation has warned that; Delta variant, which is significantly more transmissible strain of
COVID-19, is expected to become a dominant lineage if current trends continue. Warming came after WHO
reported in 85 countries & continues to be detected at more places worldwide.
Highlights
WHO warned this in its “COVID-19 Weekly Epidemiological Update” which was released on June 22.
According to it, variant Alpha has been reported across 170 countries, variant Beta in 119 countries,
variant Gamma in 71 countries while variant Delta in 85 countries.
Concerns with Delta Variant
Delta variant has been reported in 85 countries worldwide so far and continues to be reported in new
countries. 11 countries reported in past two weeks. Delta variant is significantly more transmissible than
Alpha variant. As a result, it is expected to become a dominant lineage.
New covid cases in India
As per WHO, India reported highest numbers of new COVID-19 cases, in between June 14-20, 2021. Cases
were 30 per cent lesser than past week. Highest numbers of new deaths were reported in India accounting
for 1.2 new deaths per 100,000. Death rate has also decreased by 31 per cent for the same period. South-
East Asia Region reported about 600,000 new cases and 19,000 new deaths highlighting the decreasing
trend. Decreasing trends in weekly case and death in region are associated with decreasing cases in India.
CEOS COAST: ISRO- NOAA Project endorsed by UN Body
Recently, UN body has endorsed a multinational project called “Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
Coastal Observations, Applications, Services, and Tools (CEOS COAST)”.
About CEOS COAST
CEOS COAST programme is co-led by ISRO and NOAA from US.
This programme aims to improve accuracy of coastal data on the basis of satellite and land-based
observations.
It also seeks to foster trust and collaboration among scientists.
This pilot projects are uniquely capable of using Earth Observation technologies to meet 17 UN-
designated sustainable development goals for Ocean Decade initiative.
Themes of these projects are disaster risk reduction & coastal resilience among continental
shorelines & small island nations.
About National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is an American scientific agency working under the
United States Department of Commerce. It focuses on conditions of oceans, major waterways, and
atmosphere. It warns about the dangerous weather, charts seas and guides on use & protection of ocean &
coastal resources. It also conducts research to provide understanding and improve stewardship of
environment.
India to provide CoWIN technology to other countries
India has decided to make CoWIN platform an open source for other countries in order to enable them to
use this technology to run their own vaccination drives.

Which countries to join?

Countries including Vietnam, Iraq, Peru, Mexico, Dominican Republic, Panama, Nigeria, Ukraine, United Arab
Emirates and Uganda have expressed their interest in learning about CoWIN technology to run their
vaccination programmes.
Co-WIN App
Co-WIN is a digital platform that helped in implementation of nationwide COVID-19 vaccination programme
in India. It is also called as Covid Vaccine Intelligence Network. This cloud-based IT platform is supposed to
handle minute details with respect to India’s Covid-19 immunisation programme. It provides for registration
of beneficiaries, allocation of vaccination centres, sending text messages with name of their vaccinator and
live monitoring of vials stored in cold storage.
Who developed the platform?
Co-WIN platform is owned by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. Earlier, this platform was used to
conduct Pulse Polio and other crucial immunisation programmes in India. Ministry of Electronics & IT and
National Informatics Centre are backend supporters
India-Bhutan: Tax Inspectors Without Borders Initiative
India and Bhutan have jointly launched the “Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB)” on June 23, 2021.
Tax Inspectors Without Borders (TIWB)
TIWB is a joint initiative of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Organisation for
Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
TIWB seeks to provide support to the developing countries to help them strengthen national tax
administrations by building audit capacity.
It complements the efforts of international community to strengthen cooperation on tax matters &
contribute to domestic tax mobilisation efforts.
Aim of TIWB
TIWB programme aims to strengthen tax administrations among developing countries by transferring
technical know-how and skills to their tax auditors and by sharing general audit practices & dissemination
of knowledge products with them.
India-Bhutan TIWB
Bhutan launched this programme and choose India as Partner Jurisdiction. India provided the Tax
Expert for this programme.
This programme will run for about 24 months.
Under the programme, India in collaboration with UNDP and TIWB Secretariat aims to provide aid to
Bhutan in order to strengthen its tax administration.
The programme focuses on the area of International Taxation and Transfer Pricing.
India has always supported capacity building in tax matters in developing countries. India being a
global leader plays an important role in South-South Cooperation in tax matters.
Significance of the programme
This programme is another step ahead in continued cooperation between India and Bhutan and India’s
active support for South-South cooperation.
United Nations Public Service Day 2021
United Nations Public Service Day is observed on June 23, to recognise value and virtue of public service to
community.
Key Points
The day emphasizes on the importance of public service in advancement phase.
It recognises work of public servants & encourages young people to undertake careers in public

sector.
Background
United Nations Public Service Day is celebrated on June 23 every year. The day was designated by United
Nations General Assembly’s resolution to “celebrate the value and virtue of public service to community”.
United Nations Public Service Awards
On the occasion, United Nations Economic & Social Council established the United Nations Public Service
Awards in 2003. This award programme was updated in 2016 to accord with 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. This award is bestowed on Public Service Day for contribution made towards enhancing role,
prestige and visibility of public service.
This day also marks anniversary of date when International Labour Organization adopted the Convention on
Labour Relations (Public Service), 1978 (ILO convention no. 151). This Convention determines the working
conditions of all civil servants worldwide.
Theme of the day
This day was observed under the theme “Innovating the Future Public Service: New Government Models for
a New Era to Reach Sustainable Development Goals” in 2021.
June 25, 2021
Kerala's Kaval Plus programme
Department of Women & Child Development in Kerala has decided to expand Kaval Plus programme to five
districts, after the success of this pilot project in two districts of Kerala.
What is Kaval Plus Programme?
It is an ambitious programme to lend holistic support to children in need of care & protection and to
the survivors of sexual abuse.
Project has reached out to about 300 children in Thiruvananthapuram district and 150 children in
Palakkad district.
It will not be implemented in Ernakulam, Idukki, Malappuram, Kozhikode, and Kannur districts.
It covers both children at homes and child care institutes.
Now, vulnerable children in the community outside the purview of child welfare committees (CWCs)
and other agencies would also be included.
Background
This programme was launched in December 2020 in two districts of Kerala, namely Thiruvananthapuram
and Palakkad. This scheme was launched because, 15 homes of Children in Kerala account for about 500
inmates and leave 96% of high-risk children in need of support unprotected in community.
Early identification system
An early identification system will also be launched under the programme using community-level workers
like Asha and Anganwadi workers.
Who implements the project?
This project is being implemented with help and support of NGOs who have experience in working with
children. Two NGOs are selected in each district by a committee of district child protection officer, CWC
representative and protection officer. These NGOs will not work in silos but in association with child
protection agencies.
Warren Buffett exits from the Gates Foundation
Warren Buffett, chairman & chief executive of Berkshire Hathaway, resigned as a trustee of Bill and Melinda
Gates Foundation.

Who is Warren Buffett?

Buffett had been a big contributor to the Gates Foundation. He is an American business magnate, investor,
and philanthropist. He currently holds the position of chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway. He is one
of the most successful investors in worldwide with a net worth of over $100.6 billion. He is the world’s
seventh-wealthiest person. He created Buffett Partnership Ltd in 1956.
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF)
BMGF is a merging of William H. Gates Foundation and Gates Learning Foundation. It is an American private
foundation which was founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. It was launched in 2000. Foundation is reported to
be second largest charitable foundation across the world as of 2020. It holds about $49.8 billion in assets.
Primary goals of foundation are to enhance healthcare & reduce extreme poverty worldwide and to expand
educational opportunities & access to information technology. Key individuals of foundation are Bill Gates,
Melinda Gates, Warren Buffett (who resigned now), Chief Executive Officer Mark Suzman and Michael
Larson.
World Bank sanctions funds for Andhra's SALT programme
According to Education Minister of Andhra Pradesh, Adimulapu Suresh, International Bank for
Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) has sanctioned funds of Rs 1,860 crore to implementation of SALT
programme.
What is SALT Programme?
SALT programme stands for “Supporting Andhra’s Learning Transformation” programme. This programme
was launched with the aim of improving learning outcomes, quality of teaching practices and school
management in basic education. This aim would be achieved by transforming government schools into
vibrant and competitive institutions.
Focus areas of SALT Programme
Apart from improvement in basic education etc, the programme focuses on reforming curriculum, improving
classroom practices, professional development of teachers and preparing students to be fit for global
competitive by introducing English as medium of instruction across State-run educational institutions.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
IBRD is an international financial institution. It was established in 1944. It is headquartered in Washington
D.C., United States. It is the lending arm of World Bank Group. It offers loans to middle-income developing
countries. It is the first of five member institutions that forms World Bank Group. IBRD and International
Development Association (IDA), are collectively known as World Bank because they share same leadership
and staff.
S&P Cuts India's Growth Forecast to 9.5%
Global rating agency, S&P, has cut India’s growth forecast for fiscal year 2021-2022 to 9.5 per cent. Earlier,
it was kept at 11 per cent.
Highlights
Rating agency has warned of risk to the growth rate from upcoming waves of COVID-19 pandemic.
S&P lowered growth projecting because lockdown, induced as a result of severe second COVID-19
outbreak in April and May, led to sharp contraction in economic activity.
According to S&P, permanent damage to private and public sector balance sheets will constrain
growth for some years.
It has projected India’s growth at 7.8 per cent for fiscal year 2022-2023.
Indian economy contracted by 7.3 per cent in 2020-21 amid first wave of COVID-19, as against 4 per
cent growth in 2019-20.
S&P highlights, households are running down saving buffers to support consumption. After economy

will open, desire to rebuild saving will hold back spending.

Further Risks
Further covid-19 pandemic waves are a risk for the growth as only about 15 per cent of the India’s
population has received one vaccine dose so far.
GDP growth projection by other agencies
GDP growth in fiscal year 2021-2022 was estimated to be in double digits earlier. But a severe second wave
of pandemic has made various agencies to cut growth projections. RBI has reduced India’s growth forecast
to 9.5 per cent for 2021-2022 from earlier estimate of 10.5 per cent. Moody’s has projected India’s growth
to 9.3 per cent for 2021-22. World Bank had also reduced GDP growth forecast to 8.3 per cent from 10.1 %
for same period.
Twitter- Razorpay tie up for Tip Jar feature
Social media platform, Twitter, has partnered with first payments operator, Razorpay for its Tip Jar feature.
Highlights
Twitter is in process of adding new monetization features. It was first announced in February, 2021.
It opened access to Ticketed Spaces and Super Follows. These two monetisation features which will
only be able in US currently.
Ticketed Spaces will allow creators to charge for Twitter’s live audio rooms while Super Follows
feature will allow users to charge for special access to content.
What is Tip Jar feature?
Tip Jar Feature allows Twitter users to pay creators for content. Twitter announced the tie-up with Razorpay
on June 24, 2021. This Tip Jar feature is currently available to “select users”.
How this feature will help users?
Integration of Razorpay with Twitter will allow Twitter users to pay creators using credit & debit cards, along
with UPI, net-banking & payment wallets in India.
Who can avail this feature?
In the initial phases, only limited group will be able to avail option to add Tip Jar to their profile. This group
includes creators, journalists, experts, public figures, and community leaders.
Significance of the feature
It is the first among several ways for creators to monetise their content and earn money from their
supporters. Everyone can send tips to applicable accounts on Twitter via third-party payment service
RIL launches New Clean Energy Business
Reliance Industry has announced to launch a new clean energy factory to make solar photovoltaic cells for
next three years.
New Clean Energy Business
Mukesh Ambani will launch a Rs 75,000 crore investment project.
It will be launched to set up four ‘Giga’ factories in order to make solar photovoltaic cells, green
hydrogen, batteries and fuel cells for next three years.
It will set up 100 GW of solar power generating capacity.
These capacities will be set up through rooftop installations and de-centralised operations across
villages.
Reliance will set up solar manufacturing units, a battery factory to store energy, a fuel cell-making
factory and an electrolyser unit which will produce green hydrogen under the business.
This new business will be set up with the aim of bridging green energy divide in India as well as in
world.

Purpose of four Giga Factories

Reliance will set up four Giga Factories under “Dhirubhai Ambani Green Energy Giga Complex” to
manufacture and integrate all critical components of new energy ecosystem, energy storage battery factory,
solar photovoltaic module factory, electrolyser factory and fuel cell factory. These four factories will be set
at an investment of Rs 60,000 crore. Reliance will also build solar capacities of 100 GW by 2030.
PM Modi asks to focus on 'toyconomy'
Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, interacted with participants of Toycathon-2021 through video conferencing.
Key Points
Union Ministers Piyush Goyal and Sanjay Dhotre were also present in conference.
Participants also discussed their games with PM Modi where, PM suggested more ideas to
developers to include it in their games.
What is Toyconomy?
During the meeting, PM Modi highlighted the importance of toys and game industry in Indian Economy. Toy
and Game Industry was termed as ‘Toyconomy’ by him. As per PM Modi, global toy market is about 100
billion dollars out of which India contributes only 1.5 billion dollars. India imports 80% of its toys from
foreign countries. Thus, PM highlighted the capacity of this sector in bringing progress & growth to neediest
segments of society.
Online gaming in India
PM Modi also asked to explore possibilities across virtual, digital & online gaming in India because cheap
data & growth of Internet have led to rural connectivity. He asked to bring about new models of innovation
and financing to make Indian toys competitive across the world.
Games on India’s freedom struggle
75th anniversary of India’s Independence will bring huge opportunity for innovators and creators of toy
industry. Many incidents, stories of our freedom fighters and their leadership can be used in gaming
concepts. Innovators can play a big role in connecting ‘folk with the future’. PM Modi underlined the need of
creating interesting & interactive games which can ‘engage, entertain and educate’.
China to run First Electric Train in Tibet
China will operationalise first electric train in remote Himalayan region of Tibet. The electric train will
connect provincial capital Lhasa with Nyingchi.
Highlights
The 435.5-km Lhasa-Nyingchi section of Sichuan-Tibet Railway will be inaugurated ahead of
centenary celebrations of ruling Communist Party of China (CPC) on July 1.
Nyingchi is a strategically located Tibetan border town close to Arunachal Pradesh.
Electricity transmission process has been completed and tested.
Sichuan-Tibet Railway
Sichuan–Tibet railway is a high-elevation railway under construction. It will connect Chengdu (capital of
Sichuan) and Lhasa (capital of Tibet Autonomous Region). It is a 1,629 km long line which is going to cut
travel time from Chengdu to Lhasa to 13 hours from 48. This will be the second railway into Tibet after
Qinghai-Tibet Railway. It will go through southeast of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is one among world’s
most geologically active areas.
Three segments of railway
First segment of the railway called Chengdu–Ya’an, came into operation on December 28, 2018. Second
segment of railway named Nyingchi–Lhasa, will open June 25, 2021. While final segment called
Ya’an–Nyingchi, is expected to complete in 2030.

Why this project was launched?

China claims Arunachal Pradesh as part of South Tibet. This claim is rejected by India. Thus, China has
launched the project to establish its foot near the region.
NSDC-WhatsApp launched Digital Skill Champions Programme
National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC) and WhatsApp has launched its Digital Skill Champions
Programme on June 24, 2021.
Highlights
Under the programme, partnership of NSDC and WhatsApp have identified following areas of collaboration:
1. WhatsApp Digital Skills Academy, and
2. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra (PMKK) and
3. WhatsApp Business App Training sessions.
Digital Skill Champion Programme
This programme was launched with the aim of training Indian youth on digital skills in order to make
them employment ready.
Under this programme, school & university students would be coached to consume digital and online
skills. These skills would culminate with ‘Digital Skill Champions’ certification by WhatsApp and
NSDC.
Course under the programme is based on module-format. It is comprehensive and intensive in
imparting knowledge regarding important aspects of online ecosystem.
It will also equip students with technology-based learning on campuses across tier III and IV towns
and cities.
It will be imparted through WhatsApp’s project implementation partner, InfiSpark.
WhatsApp Digital Skills Academy
In this academy, youth from tier III and IV cities will be trained on digital safety and online privacy. Initiative
will be launched on a pilot basis across 50 campuses in five states- Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.
Study: Nano-decoys from human LSCs can neutralize SARS-CoV-2
A recent study finds that, Nano-decoys can bind to and neutralize SARS-CoV-2 viruses.
Key Points
Nano-decoys are made from human lung spheroid cells (LSCs).
It promotes viral clearance and reduce lung injury in macaque model of COVID-19.
Nano-decoy therapy could be effective against emerging variants of coronavirus by mimicking the
receptor that coronavirus binds to rather than targeting it.
How this therapy will work?
SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell when its spike protein binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)
receptor on cell’s surface. LSCs, which is a natural mixture of lung epithelial stem cells and mesenchymal
cells, also express ACE2. It making LSCs a perfect vehicle for tricking coronavirus.
How testing was done?
Scientists confirmed that spike protein did bind to ACE2 receptors on decoys in vitro. They then used a
fabricated SARS-CoV-2 mimic virus for in vivo testing in mouse model. Decoys were delivered by inhalation
therapy. In mice, Nano-decoys remained in lungs for 72 hours after first dose and accelerated clearance of
mimic virus.
What are Nano-decoys?
Nano-decoys are cell ghosts. One LSC can generate about 11,000 Nano-decoys. When these Nano-decoys
are deployed, they exponentially increase surface area of fake binding sites to trap the virus.

Mizoram Health Systems Strengthening Project

Central government, state government of Mizoram and the World Bank signed a loan agreement of worth
$32 million.
Key points
Loan agreement was signed for Mizoram Health Systems Strengthening Project.
It will improve management capacity and quality of health services in Mizoram.
Mizoram Health Systems Strengthening Project
This project will strengthen governance and management structure of Department of Health & Family
Welfare (DoHFW) and its subsidiaries. It will also improve quality & coverage of services delivered by state
government health systems. Project would also invest in comprehensive Quality Assurance program, which
would enable quality certification of health facilities.
Focus of the project
This project will be launched with the focus on
1. Strengthening the effectiveness of state health insurance programme
2. Building synergies with Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY); and
3. Reducing financial barriers in accessing hospital services
4. Preventing catastrophic out of pocket expenditure for health by poor families and
5. Expanding coverage.
Who will benefit?
Mizoram Health Systems Strengthening Project will benefit people across eight districts of the state. It will
also benefit health sector staff at secondary and primary level by strengthening their planning &
management capacity and building their clinical skills & competencies.
Bio-medical waste management
Project will also invest in improving overall ecosystem for solid & liquid bio-medical waste management. It
will include segregation, disinfection, and collection besides safeguarding environment. It will also improve
quality of health service and patient safety.
West Bengal approves Student Credit Card scheme
West Bengal Cabinet approved the “Student Credit Card scheme” on June 24, 2021. Trinamool Congress
had promised to launch this scheme in its election manifesto.
Students Credit Card Scheme
This scheme will be implemented and launched on June 30, 2021. Under the scheme, student can get a soft
loan of up to ₹10 lakh with the help of credit card to enroll into higher studies. Loans will be given for higher
studies in India as well as abroad. Loans will be given at 4% interest rates. State government would act as
guarantor.
Who can get the loan?
Anyone who has spent 10 years in West Bengal can avail loan benefits under the scheme. Loan will be
available for undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral and post-doctoral study. One person is eligible to get
loans under scheme till 40 years of age.
How loans can be repaid?
Students will be provided Fifteen years to repay the loan after they get a job.
Background
Similar scheme is run by Bihar government. Bihar government has launched “Student Credit Card Scheme”
on October 2, 2016. Under this scheme, interest free loan of up to 4 lakh rupees is provided by state
government to the poor 12th pass students of Bihar state to enroll into higher education. It was launched to
benefit the students of Bihar with poor background and who are eager to complete their higher education.

Loans are provided only to those students who are permanent resident of Bihar.
UN World Drug Report 2021
World Drug Report 2021 was released by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). As per the
report, 275 million people used drugs across the world in 2020.
As per the report, 36 million people suffered from drug use disorders.
In last 24 years, cannabis potency had increased by four times in some parts of the globe.
Percentage of adolescents who perceived drug as harmful has reduced by 40 per cent.
Despite that, cannabis use is associated with a variety of health and other harms, particularly among
regular long-term users.
Drug Report highlight the need to close gap between perception and reality to educate young people
about harmful effects of drugs and safeguard public health.
Percentage of Δ9-THC, main psychoactive component in cannabis, has increased from six per cent to
11 per cent in Europe between 2002-2019.
Drugs and COVID-19
Most countries have reported an increase in use of cannabis during covid-19 pandemic. As per surveys of
health professionals in 77 countries, 42 per cent asserted that cannabis use had increased.
Which age group is vulnerable?
As per the latest report, about 5.5 percent of population aged 15 and 64 years have used drugs at least once
in 2020. While, 36.3 million people (13% of total number of persons who use drugs) suffered with drug use
disorders.
FM addressed USISPF-Global Investors Meet
Finance Minister, Nirmala Sitharaman, addressed the Global Investors Roundtable organised by US-India
Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF) on June 24, 2021.
Highlights
While addressing the investor’s meet she asserted that; continuous reforms make India a great place
to do business.
She also invited global investors to take advantage of recent FDI reforms, privatisation policy and
performance linked incentive (PLI) scheme in India.
She further highlighted, fiscal situation is under control and is expected to improve in coming days
and emphasised the strong fundamental of economy.
According to her, COVID-19 and its aftermath has shown Indian economy’s resilience. Highest ever
Goods and Services Tax (GST) were collected amid the pandemic. It signifies the bright spot and
indicates greater formalisation of economy and tax compliance.
Fiscal Deficit in India
Fiscal deficit was at 9.3 per cent of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) for fiscal year 2020-2021. It was
lower than 9.5 per cent estimated by finance ministry in revised Budget estimates.
US-India Strategic Partnership Forum (USISPF)
USISPF is a non-profit organization which was set up in 2017 with the objective of strengthening USA-India
bilateral and strategic partnership. It aims to strengthen economic and commercial ties between both the
countries by policy advocacy. It will lead to boosting economic growth, entrepreneurship, employment-
generation, and innovation in order to establish a more inclusive society.
China plans First Manned MARS Mission in 2033
China has planned to send its first crewed mission to MARS in the year 2033.

Key points
Manned MARS Mission will be launched with regular follow-up flights.
Mission will be launched with a long-term plan to build a permanently inhabited base on MARS and
extract its resources.
This ambitious plan will intensify a race with United States to put humans on MARS.
Plan was disclosed after China landed a robotic rover on Mars in May 2021. It was China’s inaugural
MARS mission.
Manned Mission by China
China has planned manned launches to Mars for 2033, 2035, 2037, 2041 and so on. Before the manned
missions, China will send robots to Mars that will study possible sites to set up base and to build systems
to extract resources there. Resources would be extracted to study it properly for manned mission.
What are the challenges ahead?
For human habitation on the planet, crews will have to be able to use resources from MARS. For instance,
they should be ready for extracting any water beneath planet’s surface, generating oxygen on-site and
producing electricity there. China must also develop technology to fly crew back to Earth.
How spacecraft will tap energy?
To reduce travel time to MARS, spacecraft would have to tap energy from nuclear reactions in the form of
heat and electricity, besides from traditional chemical propellants.
June 26, 2021
Denmark signs ‘ISA FA’
Denmark has signed the International Solar Alliance Framework Agreement (ISA FA) and Instrument of
Ratification with India.
Key Points
Denmark has become the first country to ratify International Solar Alliance Framework Agreement (ISA FA)
after amendments in the ISA FA entered into force on January 8, 2021.
International Solar Alliance (ISA)
ISA is an alliance of 121 countries. It was initiated by India. Most of member countries are sunshine
countries located completely or partly between Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn. It is a treaty-based
intergovernmental organization. ISA is the largest grouping of states, after United Nations.
Objective of ISA
ISA was established with the objective of working for efficient consumption of solar energy in a bid to
reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
Background
ISA initiative was first proposed by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his speech in November 2015 at
Wembley Stadium. During his speech, he referred the sunshine countries as Suryaputra.
Who can join ISA?
ISA is primarily an alliance of countries lying between Tropics. However, countries which do not fall within
the Tropics can join alliance and enjoy all benefits as other members, except the voting rights.
ISA Framework agreement (ISA FA)
ISA FA was opened for signatures in Marrakech, Morocco in November 2016. It was joined by 200 countries.
6 years of Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT and PMAY-U

Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) organised an online event on June 25, 2021 to
commemorate 6 years of launch of three Urban Missions namely Smart Cities Mission, AMRUT and Pradhan
Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban.

Key points
These schemes were launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on June 25 in 2015.
These schemes were part of visionary agenda for urban rejuvenation and designed as part of multi-
layer strategy in order to meet aspirations of 40 percent of India’s population living across cities.
June 25 also marks 45 years of establishment of National Institute of Urban Affairs. It is an
autonomous body of MoHUA which focuses on bridging the gap between research and practice on
issues with urbanization.
How successful these missions are?
Projects implemented under these three Missions is now bringing about perceptible change in lives of
India’s urban residents.
These missions have led to development of urban infrastructure viz., better water supply, sanitation
and housing for all. It has also pioneered the use of data, technology and innovation in planning and
managing Indian cities.
Missions also played an important role during COVID-19 pandemic.
Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban (PMAY-U)
PMAY-U, under the aegis of ‘Housing for All’, cater to urban housing shortage among EWS/LIG and MIG
categories including slum dwellers and seeks to provide them a ‘pucca’ house by 2022. About 1.12 crore
houses have been sanctioned under it out of which 82.5 lakh houses have been grounded and 48 lakh have
been completed.
Atal Mission for Rejuvenation & Urban Transformation (AMRUT)
AMRUT mission was launched to tackle the issues of Water Supply, Storm Water Drainage to reduce
flooding, Sewerage and septage management, Non-motorized Urban Transport and creating green space or
parks across 500 cities with population of more than 1 lakh.
Smart Cities Mission
It is a transformational Mission launched with the aim of bringing a paradigm shift in practice of urban
development. Projects developed under it are multi-sectoral and mirror aspirations of local population. 69
Smart cities have developed and operationalised their Integrated Command & Control Centres (ICCCs) as of
now. These operational ICCCs functioned as war-rooms for COVID management.
NITI Aayog: National Convention on Prevention of Obesity
National Convention on Prevention of Maternal, Adolescent and Childhood Obesity was convened by NITI
Aayog.
Highlights
Convention was held under the chairmanship of Dr. V.K. Paul and Co-chairmanship of Dr. R
Hemalatha.
NITI Aayog described obesity as “silent epidemic”.
During the convention & national consultation, global experts, representatives from UN bodies &
central ministries presented their evidence on increasing prevalence of obesity and presented best
practices of reducing obesity.
Secretaries of Ministry of AYUSH and Department of Youth Affairs also made suggestions on
promoting healthy behaviour.
All of them expressed need to address the issue of obesity on a priority basis, with emphasis on
better mass communication.
In conclusion, Dr. V.K Paul called for a multi-sectoral approach to target adolescents in a bid to
promote activity and healthy lifestyle.

Obesity in India
A survey by Indian Council of Indian Research and National Institute of Nutrition highlights that, adults in
urban India consume more fat than those in rural areas. According to ‘What India Eats’ Survey, adults in
urban centres of India consumed 51.6 grammes fat per day per head on an average. This volume was 36
grammes in rural areas. 84 percent of the rural received their energy requirement for per day from total fats
or oils or added fats. Southern India reported lowest per capita consumption of added fat or oils with 22.9-
gram intake per day.
India's First IAC to be commissioned in 2022
According to Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, India’s first Indigenous Aircraft Carrier (IAC) named ‘INS
Vikrant’ (meaning courageous) will be commissioned in 2022.
Key Points
Defence Minister described this achievement as India’s pride and a shining example of Atmanirbhar
Bharat.
Commissioning of IAC will be befitting tribute to India’s 75th year of India’s independence.
About INS Vikrant
INS Vikrant is also called as Indigenous Aircraft Carrier 1 (IAC-1). This aircraft carrier is being constructed
by Cochin Shipyard in Kochi, Kerala for Indian Navy. It will be the first aircraft carrier to be built in India.
Motto of the IAC is Jayema Sam Yudhi Sprdhah. It is taken from Rigveda 1.8.3.
Background
Work on Vikrant’s design started in 1999. Its foundation was laid in February 2009. It was floated out of its
dry dock in December 2011 and was launched in August 2013. Basin trials of the ships were completed in
December 2020. It will undergo sea trials by end of 2022 and is expected to enter into service by end of
2022.
Project Seabird
Defence minister conducted aerial survey of several ongoing projects which are being carried out at INS
Kadamba under Navy’s “Project Seabird”. He received on-site briefings, capability demonstration at shiplift
tower and undertook a tour of naval harbour.
RBI: New Dividend Payout norms for NBFCs
Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has decided to prescribe guidelines on distribution of dividend by NBFCs in
order to induce a greater transparency and uniformity in practice.
Highlights
Guidelines will be effective for the declaration of dividend from profit for financial year 2021-2022
and onwards.
Board of directors will consider the proposals for dividend.
They will take into account the supervisory findings of Reserve Bank (National Housing Bank for
HFCs) on divergence in classification and provisioning of non-performing assets (NPAs).
Board will also ensure that total dividend proposed for financial year does not exceed ceilings as
specified in these guidelines.
As per circular, RBI will not entertain any request for ad-hoc dispensation on declaration of dividend.
How can NBFCs comply with guidelines?
As per guidelines, NBFCs will need to comply with minimum prudential requirements to be eligible to
announce dividend.
One of the eligibility criteria is, net NPA ratio should be less than 6% in each of last three years as
well as at the close of financial year for which dividend is being proposed.
For NBFCs, that do not accept public funds & do not have any customer interface, no specific ceilings

on dividend payout have been set.

Maximum dividend payout ratio for core investment companies has been set at 60%, standalone
primary dealers at 60% and for other NBFCs at 50%.
BIS: India's bank credit-to-GDP ratio grows 56% in 2020
As per the latest data from Bank for International Settlements (BIS), incremental credit growth has
decreased to 59-year low at 5.56% in Financial Year 2021.
Key points
As per data, bank credit-to-GDP ratio has increased to a five-year high at about 56% in 2020.
However, this increase is way behind its peers and is half of the G20 average.
Total outstanding bank credit was at $1.52 trillion in 2020 at the credit-to-GDP ratio of 56%. However,
this was the second lowest among all other Asian countries.
In case of emerging market peers’ credit-to-GDP ratio is 135.5% while it is at 88.7% in advanced
economies.
Massive credit-driven stimulus which government pushed to help tide over impact of covid-19
pandemic in 2020, incremental credit growth increased by only 5.56%. It was the lowest recorded
growth. In 1962, the growth rate was at 5.38%.
Bank Credit Growth
As per analysts, bank credit growth is the key indicator of economic growth. Credit-GDP ratio of 100% is the
ideal, indicating robust demand for credit without fear of bubble in making. High credit-to-GDP ratio
indicates aggressive & active participation of banking sector in real economy. Lower credit-to-GDP ratio
indicates the need for more formal credit.
BRICS member
Credit-GDP ratio for other four BRICS members is as follows- Brazil-50.8%, Russia-88.12%, China-161.75%
and South Africa-40.1%.
Kerala sets up Committee for Safety of Fishers
Kerala’s Fisheries Department has constituted a seven-member committee to study and submit report on
methods to resolve issues related to safety at sea.
About the committee
Committee is headed by P. Sahadevan who was former additional director of fisheries.
Committee will study and submit report on methods to resolve issues related to safety at sea, coastal
security and vessel monitoring systems (VMS).
It will also look after illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing.
Committee will also analyse the ”latest trends and internationally available options”.
Why committee was constituted?
Kerala’s Fisheries department decided to constitute the committee as long-term solution because of
increasing instances of fishing-related accidents at sea, especially during monsoons; problems related to
coastal security and illegal & unregulated fishing.
Who are the members of committee?
Committee comprises of Superintendent of Police (Marine Enforcement); Joint executive director of Agency
for Development of Aquaculture (ADAK); Joint director & assistant directors (projects) of Fisheries
Department and Registrar of Kerala University of Fisheries & Ocean Studies (KUFOS).
Currently, only fishing boats owned by entrepreneurs have been equipped with electronic safety aids. As a
result, fishermen going astray across the ocean are pulled away by strong currents. They end up landing in
neighbouring coastal countries like Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Further, porous coastline poses a

threat on national security. So, an effective vessel monitoring and surveillance system in Kerala is need of
the hour to resolve these issues.
Japan to help India build Vaccine Cold Chain Facilities
Japan is all set to provide India a $10 million assistance for building cold chain facilities to safely store
covid-19 vaccines.
Key Points
Japan will provide this assistance to India to build cold chain equipment including medical equipment
like cold-storage facilities.
Cold storage facilities will be built as ‘Last One Mile Support’.
These facilities will ensure vaccination in each country, through United Nations Children’s Fund
(UNICEF).
Japan and COVAX Facility
To contain covid-19, common challenges that countries are facing include- ensuring equitable access to
vaccines and accelerating vaccination. To do away this challenge Japan has led operationalization of
COVAX facility as an international mechanism to procure vaccines.
USA’s contribution in India’s covid fight
US announced to donate more than 70 million doses of vaccines, from a stockpile, to countries including
India where cases of covid-19 had seen a surge. However, it is not yet clear which vaccines India will get
from US which has stockpiled doses of AstraZeneca, Moderna, Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson vaccines.
Why cold chain facilities are required for vaccine?
Vaccines are required to continuously stored in a limited temperature range; from the time they are
manufactured until the vaccination. It is because too high or too low temperatures can cause the vaccine to
lose its potency, which cannot be regained or restored. Among the available covid-19 vaccines, stringent
storage conditions are required for Pfizer & Biotech’s COVID-19 vaccine while, Moderna COVID-19 vaccine
requires temperatures of -20°C at which it can remain stable for up to six months
IIT Delhi develops Rapid Antigen Test Kit for COVID-19
Minister of State for Education, Shri Sanjay Dhotre, launched a Rapid Antigen Test kit for COVID-19. It was
developed by IIT Delhi.
Rapid Antigen Test kit (RAT Kit)
RAT kit has been developed by IIT Delhi researchers led by Dr. Harpal Singh. He is a professor at Centre for
Biomedical Engineering of IIT Delhi. kit has been developed entirely using internal resources at IIT Delhi. It
has been named as SENSIT Rapid COVID-19 Ag Testing Kit. It exhibits 86% Sensitivity & 100% Specificity.
Salient features of RAT kit
kit is used for in vitro qualitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen.
It is a colloidal gold enhanced double antibody which is sandwich immunoassay to perform
qualitative determination of coronavirus antigen in human nasal swabs, throat swabs and deep
sputum sample.
This kit is suitable for general population screening and diagnosis of COVID-19 infection.
This invention by IIT Delhi is directed towards an in vitro diagnostic kit for detection of SARS-CoV-2
coronavirus antigens in nasopharyngeal swab.
It uses rapid immunochromatographic method.
Virus is identified on the basis of monoclonal antibodies which is specific for Coronavirus antigen.
Results obtained are qualitative based which can be inferred visually with naked eye.
Serbia grants market access for Indian Horticulture Products
Serbia market has opened its market for Indian potatoes, onions, pomegranate, and pomegranate arils.

Key Points
As per Agriculture and Processed Food Export Development Authority
(APEDA), phytosanitary certificate is not required to export pomegranate fruits & arils and onion bulbs
growing in India.
However, this certificate is required for export of potatoes.
Potato consignments needs to be met with specific phytosanitary requirements and it should be
mentioned on phytosanitary certificate as additional declaration.
What is Phytosanitary certificate?
It is an important official declaration which is required for export and import of plants and plant material.
This certificate shows that, consignment is free from pests & diseases. This certification is provided
to prevent spread of pests & diseases to countries importing the consignment. It also prevents introduction
of new pests and diseases.
How this certification is provided?
Each country has their own requirements for this certificate. Certification is done under the guidelines given
by National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) or authorities equivalent to it. Parameters of this
certificate are in accordance with the guidelines issued by World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement. It is
an important component of final Act of General Agreement of Tariff and Trade GATT 1994.
New human species discovered in Israel
An international group of archaeologists have discovered new human species in Israel which is being
considered as a missing piece in the history of human evolution.
Key Points
Excavations were done at Israeli site of Nesher Ramla.
Archaeologists have recovered a skull which might represent a late-surviving example of a distinct
Homo population.
It is expected that, they lived about 420,000 to 120,000 years ago.
What was discovered?
Archaeologists discovered pieces of skull, including a right parietal (towards the back/side of the
skull).
They also discovered a mandible (jaw) which dates back to 140,000–120,000 years old. Analysis
finds that, this jaw belonged to person who were neither fully Homo sapiens nor were Neanderthal.
They found a parietal bone featured “archaic” traits that are different from both early and recent
Homo sapiens.
Bone is considerably thicker than those found in Neanderthals and other homo sapiens.
Jaw and bones together display archaic features as well as Neanderthal features, which are distinct
from early homo sapiens and later Neanderthals.
Lady of Tabun
As per researchers, fossils like famous Lady of Tabun, found at other Israeli sites might be part of this
newly excavated human population. “Lady of Tabun” was discovered in 1932 by pioneering archaeologist
Yusra.
Traces of fire
Bones of animals caught, butchered, and eaten on-site were also excavated. It indicates Nesher Ramla
Homo hunted species like gazelle, tortoise, aurochs, boar and ostrich. Also, they were using fire to cook
their meals. It is evident through excavation of a campfire feature of same age as the fossils.
International Day of the Seafarer 2021
International Day of Seafarer is observed every year on June 25. This day is marked to appreciate the efforts

of seafarer in boosting global economics and commerce.

Significance of Seafarer
Seafarers play an important role in boosting global economics and commerce. Several industries rely on
sea routes and ships to transport their good to get the business. Therefore, seafarers are extremely
imperative in facilitating these things.
Background
This day was first celebrated in 2011 by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). The day was
designated by organization which is a United Nations agency focussed on shipping. It was designated by a
resolution adopted by “Conference of Parties to International Convention on Standards of Training,
Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (STCW)”. This conference was held in 1978 in Philippines.
This day is significant for economy and commerce. On this day, governments of different countries and
shipping corporations etc are invited to celebrate and promote awareness regarding the day. On the
occasion, awareness is raised about the role that sailors play in facilitating business and boosting
commerce worldwide. IMO also discusses rights of the sailor at foreign posts. Private shipping companies
are also asked to provide sailor adequate facilities.
Theme of day for 2021
This year, international day of seafarers was observed under the theme- “Seafarers: at the core of shipping’s
future”.
Smart City Awards, 2020
Smart City Awards 2020 was announced under the ‘Smart Cities Mission’ on June 25.
Which state is the winner?
Uttar Pradesh was ranked as top performing state under India Smart Cities Award Contest 2020.
Madhya Pradesh came second while Tamil Nadu at third position.
Surat and Indore won best award for their overall performance in 2020.
Best union territory award was conferred to Chandigarh.
Background
These awards were announced to mark six years of three urban transformative missions by Central
government namely, Smart Cities Mission, Atal Mission for Urban Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation
(AMRUT) and Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Urban.
Theme for awards
These awards were given under the themes of Social Aspects, Governance, Urban Environment, Sanitation,
Culture, Economy, Water, Built Environment and Urban Mobility. Some other interesting themes were added
this year namely, Sustainable Business model of ICCC and Innovation award specially in COVID
Management.
Category Wise winner
Under this theme, Tirupati won award for Health Benchmark for Municipal Schools while Bhubaneswar won
for Socially Smart Bhubaneswar. Tumakuru won award for Digital Library Solution. In governance category,
Vadodara received the first rank. In urban environment category, joint winners are Bhopal and Chennai.
Smart Cities Leadership Award was conferred on Ahmedabad, Varanasi and Ranchi.
DRDO successfully test fires enhanced Pinaka Rockets
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully test fired an extended range
version of “Pinaka” rocket. Test fire was carried at Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha on
June 25.

Highlights
DRDO test-fired 25 Enhanced Pinaka Rockets in quick succession against targets at different ranges.
This 122 mm Caliber rockets were launched with the help of Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL).
To check accuracy of rockets hitting the target, all flight articles were tracked by various Range
instruments.
About Enhanced Pinaka Rocket System
The enhanced range version of Pinaka Rocket System has been developed by Pune based Armament
Research and Development Establishment (ARDE) in association with High Energy Materials Research
Laboratory (HEMRL). They got manufacturing support from Economic Explosives Limited, Nagpur.
Enhanced Systems can destroy targets kept at distances up to 45 kilometres. These systems were
developed to achieve longer range performance.
About Pinaka
It is an indigenous multi-barrel rocket launch system. It was developed by Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO) for Indian Army. Its weapon system comprises of state-of-the-art
guidance kit which is bolstered by advanced navigation and control system. Navigation system of this
missile is aided by Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS). Initial version of weapon system
was called Mark I, which had the range of 40 km. This range was increased up to 70 to 80 kms in upgraded
missile called Pinaka Mark II.
Itat e-dwar: e-filing portal of IT Appellate Tribunal
Union Minister for Law & Justice, Communications and Electronics & IT, Shri Ravi Shankar Prasad, launched
a e-filing portal of Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (ITAT) called ‘itat e-dwar’ on June 25, 2021.
Highlights
While launching the portal, Minister highlighted the power of Digital India.
According to him, Digital India means empowering ordinary Indian with power of technology in order
to bridge the digital divide between digital haves and digital have nots.
As per the minister, data of more than 18 crore cases are available in National Judicial Data Grid
(NJDG). He suggested to integrate cases of ITAT with NJDG.
About itat e-dwar’
Itat e-dwar is a larger narrative of transformation that India is undergoing through digital medium. It will
enable innovation & empowerment and open new avenues for growth. This e-filing portal will enhance
accessibility, accountability and transparency in working of ITAT. It will result into economization of use of
paper, savings in costs and rationalization of fixation of cases which in turn help in quicker disposal of
cases. It would help parties to file their Appeals, Miscellaneous Applications, documents, etc electronically.
June 28, 2021
Goa: First Rabies-free state
Goa has become the first Rabies-free state of India. According to Chief Minister, Pramod Sawant, state has
not reported a single rabies case in last three years.
Highlights
Chief Minister highlighted; Goa has achieved 5,40,593 vaccinations against rabies in dogs.
State has also educated nearly a lakh people about dog bite prevention and has set up 24-hours
rabies surveillance which comprise of an emergency hotline and rapid response team for dog bite
victims.
Task of controlling rabies was being carried out by Mission Rabies project which is a central
government grant.

Mission Rabies
It is a charity, initially founded as an initiative by Worldwide Veterinary Service (WVS). It is a United
Kingdom-based charity group which assists animals. Mission Rabies works with ‘One Health approach’
which is driven by research to eliminate dog bite transmitted rabies disease. It was launched in September
2013 with the objective of vaccinating 50,000 dogs against rabies in India. Rabies has estimated to kill
59,000 people annually. Mission Rabies teams have vaccinated 968,287 dogs since 2013. Organisation has
worked in the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Goa,
Jharkhand, Rajasthan, and Assam.
About Rabies
As per WHO, Rabies is a vaccine-preventable viral disease that occurs in about 150 countries and territories.
Dogs act as the source of majority of human rabies deaths. Dogs are responsible for contributing up to 99%
of rabies transmissions to humans. In Asia and Africa regions, low awareness regarding the need of health
care after dog bite takes lives of about 55000 people per year. India is endemic for rabies with the burden of
36% of world’s deaths. 30-60% of reported rabies cases and deaths in India occur in children aged under 15
years because bite often go unrecognized and unreported.
New Definition of Small and medium companies (SMC)
Ministry of corporate affairs (MCA) has expanded the definition of small and medium sized companies
(SMCs).
Highlights
As per expanded definition, Small & Medium Companies is an unlisted company, a bank, an insurance
or a financial institution with sales up to Rs 250 crore and borrowings up to Rs 50 crore.
Earlier limit for sales was Rs 50 crore and for borrowings was Rs 10 crore.
Now, SMCs are permitted to avail number of exemptions under Company (Accounting Standards)
Rules 2021. It will reduce complexity of regulatory filings for smaller firms.
Which companies are classified as SMCs?
Banks, insurance companies, financial institutions, and listed companies cannot be classified as
SMCs.
Any holding company or subsidiary of company which is not an SMC cannot be classified as SMC.
Exemptions available to SMCs
They are completely exempted from filing cash flow statements and providing segmental break up of
their financial performance.
They can avail partial reporting exemptions in areas like reporting on employee benefits obligations.
For instance, on pensions.
They are exempted from providing detailed analysis of benefit obligations to employees.
They are also exempted from reporting diluted earnings per share in their filings.
Significance of the move
This move will promote ease of doing business for firms which are included under definition of SMC.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)
SMEs are businesses whose personnel numbers are kept below certain limits. SMEs sometimes outnumber
big companies by wide margin and employ more people. For instance, Australian SMEs accounts for 98% of
all Australian businesses, produce one-third of GDP and employ 4.7 million people. SMEs are also
responsible for driving innovation and competition across different sectors.
Odisha- WFP tie up to empower SHGs
Odisha government and United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) have partnered to improve household
food and nutritional security.

Key Points
Household food & nutritional security would be improved by strengthening livelihood initiatives &
reaching out to state-supported Women’s Self-Help Groups (WSHGs).
This is a significant partnership to achieve nutritional security in Odisha which will also focus on
empowerment, livelihood and incomes of women.
Such initiatives are important to address and reduce vulnerabilities across food security.
This partnership will be in effect till December 2023.
Empowering Women
Sustainable livelihoods will improve household food and nutritional security. It will lead to holistic
empowerment of women. Collaboration between Odisha government and WFP will support Women’s Self-
Help Groups (WSHGs) by providing them technical assistance and capacity development. It will directly
contribute to long-term food security and develop a replicable model. Partnership will also focus on creating
livelihood opportunities, improve household nutritional security and increase participation of women in
decision making fulfilling the core objectives of Department of Mission Shakti.
Objective of partnership
Partnership was done do improve linkage of women’s groups with government procurement systems. It will
increase awareness on entitlements, build capacity of women’s groups, develop monitoring tools and
undertake evaluations to improve functioning of SHGs.
UN World Food Programme (WFP)
WEP is a food-assistance branch of United Nations. It is world’s largest humanitarian organization, focusing
on hunger & food security and is the largest provider of school meals. WEP was founded in 1961 with
headquarter in Rome. It has served 97 million people across 88 countries, as of 2019. It was awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize in 2020 for its efforts of providing food assistance in areas with conflict and to prevent
use of food as weapon of war & conflict.
FAME scheme extended till 2024
Government has decided to extend adoption of electric vehicles ‘Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of
Electric Vehicles in India Phase II (FAME Phase II)’ by 2 years.
Highlights
Initially FAME scheme was to be implemented for a period of three years from April 1, 2019.
Now, it will be in force till March 31, 2024.
Date was extended after the Department of Heavy Industries increased demand incentive for electric
two-wheelers (e2W) from Rs 10,000/KWh to Rs 15,000/KWh.
Background
These amendments were made in the scheme because it faced criticism for being ineffective in lifting share
of EVs in Indian market. As per data, only 5 per cent or about Rs 500 crore of allocated Rs 10,000 crores has
been spent to make green mobility affordable. Only 58,613 e2Ws were sold under the scheme across states
against the target of 10 lakh units by March 2022. With the latest amendment, EV industry will get more
time to extend benefits to customers and achieve target under scheme.
FAME Scheme
This scheme is a part of National Electric Mobility Mission Plan. Scheme was launched to encourage
electric vehicles by providing subsidies. This scheme aims to incentivise all vehicle segments. It was
launched in two phases. Phase 1 was started in 2015 & ended on 31st March, 2019. While, phase II was
started from April 2019 and will end in 2024 (Earlier to end in 2022). Scheme is monitored by Department of
Heavy Industries under Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises.

National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP)

Under the NEMMP, government targeted to achieve 6-7 million sales of electric and hybrid vehicles across
India by 2020. This plan aims to achieve national fuel security by promoting hybrid and electric vehicles.
International Day against Drug Abuse
International Day Against Drug Abuse is observed on June 26 every year to raise awareness among people
regarding dangerous effects of drugs and it’s illicit trafficking.
Drug abuse and mental health go hand in hand. People addicted to drugs not only put their physical health
at stake but also give rise to severe mental issues. Thus, the day becomes significance to make aware
people of harmful impact of drugs.
2021 theme of day
This year, International Day against Drug Abuse was observed under the theme ‘Share Facts on Drugs, Save
Lives’. Its motive is to combat misinformation by sharing real facts on drugs ranging from health risks &
solutions for world drug problem to evidence-based prevention, treatment & care.
Background
International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is a United Nations International Day to fight the
menace of drug abuse and illegal trading of drug. It is observed on June 26, since 1989. Date 26 was
selected to commemorate Lin Zexu’s dismantling of opium trade in Humen, Guangdong on June 25, 1839
before First Opium War in China. The day was instituted by General Assembly Resolution 42/112 of
December 1987.
Drug Abuse in India
Menace of drug addiction is spreading fast among youth of India. The reason for this is, India is sandwiched
between two largest Opium producing regions of world namely, Golden triangle and Golden crescent.
Golden triangle comprises Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam and Laos while golden crescent comprises
Pakistan, Afghanistan and Iran. As per the report of All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS) in 2019,
alcohol is the most abused substance in India. About 5 crore Indians used cannabis and opioids when
survey was conducted in 2018.
ESA to hire First Disabled Astronaut
European Space Agency is set to hire and launch world’s first physically disabled astronaut.
Key points
It is going to be 22-member space programme for which decennial recruitment call for astronauts. It
received 22,000 applicants. Space mission will ESA’s 7-billion-euro budget mission and is a third of NASA’s.
Seven or eight launches in a year are dwarfed by 40 launches by United States.
How Space Missions are evolving?
Space is developing fast. Different space agencies are refashioning their outlining plans to refresh space
missions. Founder of Amazon, Bezos hopes, will become the first man to go into space on his own rocket
in July 2021. This highlights the role that tech billionaires are playing in space field which was once
dominated by public agencies.
European Space Agency (ESA)
ESA is an intergovernmental organization comprising of 22 member states. The agency, established in
1975, is dedicated to exploration of space. It is headquartered in Paris. Its space flight programme includes
human spaceflight, launch & operation of unmanned exploration missions to other planets & Moon, Earth
observation, science & telecommunication etc.
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
NASA is an independent agency of U.S. engaged in civilian space program, aeronautics and space research.

It was established in 1958 by replacing the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). Most of
the US space exploration efforts have been led by NASA, including Apollo Moon landing missions, Space
Shuttle and Skylab space station. It also supports the International Space Station and look after the
development of Orion spacecraft.
Indian Private players allowed to build and operate rocket launch sites
Government has allowed private companies to establish & operate rocket launch sites within and outside
the country. However, it is subject to prior authorisation from government.
Key Points
Draft National Space Transportation Policy-2020 which was put forward by the Department of Space
and IN-SPACe is the nodal agency responsible for overall approval.
As per the policy, any orbital or sub-orbital rocket launch from Indian or overseas territory can be
carried out only after authorisation from Indian National Space Promotion & Authorization Center (IN-
SPACe).
Mission can be launched from own or leased launch site or from mobile platforms like land, sea or
air.
Currently, Agnikul Cosmos is developing small rocket to launch small satellites into orbit. Skyroot
Aerospace is the other small rocket maker.
As per the policy, IN-SPACe authorisation requires financial guarantee or insurance cover by proposer
under its ownership to fulfil nation’s liability as per international agreements.
If the launch will be carried outside the India, all approvals necessary to undertake the scope of
activities in another nation or territory will be in accordance with applicable laws of concerned nation
or territory.
Compliance and approvals of administration which is controlling the territory from where Launch is
performed will be ensured by proposer. The proof of compliance or approvals will be enclosed with
application for authorisation.
Significance of the policy
These reforms announced by Government is aimed to unlock the potential of space sector in India. It
expects to attract entrepreneurs to invest in cost-effective & quick turn-around space transportation
systems. It is comprehensive policy covering all aspects of space transportation like launching, launchpads
and re-entry.
Report: Indians invested $40 bn in cryptocurrency in 2020
As per Chinalysis report, Indians who are known to traditionally invest in gold are now investing into
cryptocurrency.
Key Findings
India is home to world’s biggest holders of gold (25,000 tonnes).
Now, Indians are shifting towards cryptocurrency and have invested billions in it.
Investments in cryptocurrency has increased from $200 million $40 billion in last one year.
Concerns
This investment has increased even though Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is not inclined towards digital
currency. RBI had banned banks from supporting cryptocurrency transactions in 2018 following several
digital currency frauds. However, in March 2020, Supreme Court struck down the ban and prompted RBI to
notify that its earlier order has been reverted.
About Cryptocurrency
It is a digital asset which is designed to work as a medium of exchange where individual coin ownership
records are stored in ledger in the form of computerized database. Strong cryptography is used to secure

transaction records, control creation of additional coins and to verify transfer of coin ownership. It does not
exist in physical form and is usually not issued by any central authority. Such currencies use decentralized
control. When a cryptocurrency is minted or created prior to issuance or when it is issued by a single issuer,
it is considered centralized.
First Cryptocurrency
Bitcoin is the first cryptocurrency released as open-source software in 2009. It is the first decentralized
cryptocurrency.
First Country to legalise bitcoin
Recently, El Salvador has become first country to formally adopt bitcoin as legal tender. Its proposal was
put forward by President Nayib Bukele which was later approved by Congress.
Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project - Key Facts
As per Karnataka government, work on ‘Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project’ will start in month of September
2021. Project is expected to be completed by 2026.
Highlights
Project will be completed at an estimated cost of Rs 15,767 crore.
It is being considered as India’s most integrated rail project.
Project will connect Bengaluru with its suburbs through a rail-based rapid-transit system.
This project has been a dream of Karnataka governments since 1983.
Background
Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project was proposed by Karnataka government in 1983. It was first proposed by
an expert team from Southern Railway (then Bengaluru was under purview of Southern Railway). Its
proposal was submitted as Karnataka’s first Transportation Survey which was commissioned by the then
Chief Minister R Gundu Rao.
Aim of the project
Project was proposed with the aim of linking Bengaluru to its suburbs, satellite townships and surrounding
rural areas by rail-based rapid-transit system. It is expected air-conditioned and metro-like trains will run
across the network. It will also provide a fast, safe and more comfortable mode of travel to rural and urban
commuters.
Who will implement the project?
This project will be implemented by Rail Infrastructure Development Company, Karnataka, (K-RIDE) which is
a joint venture of government of Karnataka and Union Ministry of Railways.
Areas covered under this project
This project will span across a rail network of 148.17 kilometres. A total of 57 stations planned across four
corridors. It will connect Karnataka capital to its outskirts in six directions. Four corridors have been named
after regional flowers of Bengaluru viz, Sampige (Champa), Parijata (Prajakta), Mallige (Chameli), and
Kanaka (Priyardarsha).
Taj named strongest hotel brand in the world
According to South Asia’s largest hospitality company, Indian Hotels Company (IHCL), iconic brand Taj has
been rated as the Strongest Hotel Brand across the World by Brand Finance.
Key Points
This announcement was made by world’s leading brand valuation consultancy, Brand Finance, in its
annual ‘Hotels 50 2021′ report.
This report recognises most valuable and strongest hotel brands worldwide.
How Taj emerged as strongest hotel brand?
Taj was given an overall Brand Strength Index of 89.3 out of 100 and AAA rating for employee satisfaction,

customer familiarity, corporate reputation and world-class customer service. Hotel 50 2021 report also
highlights about company’s successful implementation of R.E.S.E.T 2020 strategy. This strategy provided a
transformative framework and helped the Taj brand surmount pandemic related challenges.
Taj Hotels
It is a chain of luxury hotels, which is subsidiary of Indian Hotels Company Limited. It is headquartered at
Express Towers, Nariman Point in Mumbai. Hotel was incorporated by founder of Tata Group, Jamsetji Tata,
in 1903. Thus, it is a part of Tata Group. The company operates 100 plus hotels and hotel-resorts. 84 are
operating in India while 16 in other countries like Malaysia, Maldives, Bhutan, Nepal, South Africa, Sri Lanka,
UK, UAE, USA and Zambia.
Indian Hotels Company Limited (IHCL)
IHCL is an Indian hospitality company. It manages a portfolio of hotels, jungle safaris, resorts, palaces, spas
and in-flight catering services. It was founded in 1868 by Jamsetji Tata and is a subsidiary of Tata Group
conglomerate. IHCL has more than 196 hotels in 80 locations in India and world.
Amazon Web Services acquires encrypted messaging app Wickr
Amazon Web Services has acquired encrypted messaging app called Wickr. This messaging app was
founded in 2012.
Impact of the move
Wickr app is an encrypted messaging app which has been popular with journalists and whistle-blowers. It is
not yet clear how this move will impact app`s popularity for free users. This acquisition was partially
influenced by need to preserve information security while working remotely.
About Amazon Web Services
Amazon web services is a subsidiary of Amazon which provides on-demand cloud computing
platforms and APIs to individuals.
Stephen Schmidt is the Vice President of Amazon Web Services.
These cloud computing web service provides several basic abstract technical infrastructure and
distributed computing building blocks.
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) is one such service by the company which allows users to have
a virtual cluster of computers through Internet, all the time.
These virtual computers are similar to real computer with respect to hardware central processing
units (CPUs) & graphics processing units (GPUs), local & RAM memory, hard-disk & SSD storage etc.
About Wickr
It is an American software company, headquartered in New York City. Company is best known for its instant
messenger application of name Wickr. It has developed several secure messaging apps on the basis of
different customer needs including Wickr Me, Wickr Pro, Wickr Enterprise, Wickr RAM. Wickr instant
messaging apps allow users to send & receive end-to-end encrypted & content-expiring messages. App is
available on iOS, Android, Windows, Linux operating systems and Mac.
Exotic dragon fruit from Maharashtra exported to Dubai
A consignment of Dragon Fruit, was exported to after sourcing it from farmers of Tadasar village in Sangli
District, Maharashtra.
About Dragon Fruit
Dragon fruit is also referred to as “Kamalam”.
They are grown mostly in states including, Odisha, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, West
Bengal, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
Its cultivation requires less water.
It can be grown in variety of soils.

There are three main varieties of dragon fruit:

1. White flesh with pink skin,
2. Red flesh with pink skin, and
3. White flesh with yellow skin.
Fruit is rick in fibre, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
It’s production was commenced in India in early 1990s.
Apart from India, Dragon fruit is cultivated in Southeast Asia, United States, Caribbean, Mesoamerica,
Australia and throughout tropical & subtropical world regions.
It is a fruit of several different cactus species which is indigenous to America.
Background
Prime Minister Narendra Modi in the ‘Mann Ki Baat’ programme, in July 2020, mentioned about dragon fruit
farming in arid Kutch region of Gujarat. He congratulated farmers of Kutch for cultivation of fruit and for
ensuring India’s self-sufficiency in production.
Renaming Dragon Fruit
Gujarat government renamed dragon fruit as “Kamalam” in January 2021. Government has applied for a
patent to change its nomenclature from Dragon Fruit to “Kamalam”. Name was changed as the government
did not find dragon fruit proper.
About Sangli district
Sangli is the largest district of Maharashtra. Industrial town of Kirloskarwadi is located in Sangli District.
Industrialist Laxmanrao Kirloskar started his first factory in the city. This city is known as sugar bowl of
India because of its high sugarcane productivity. It is also popular as a political power house of
Maharashtra. District is often referred as Heaven of Farmers.
Riots in Lebanon over economy
Lebanese troops were deployed in northern city of Tripoli on June 27, 2021 to take positions across major
state institutions following a night of protests and riots against worsening living conditions in the country.
Ground situation
Riots have left several protesters and 10 soldiers injured. Protests were reported throughout Lebanon after
its 20-month economic crisis worsened. World Bank described this crisis as one of the worst crisis in 150
years. Economic crisis is coupled with political deadlock which has left Lebanon without any government
since August 2020.
Lebanon Economic crisis
Lebanese Economic or liquidity crisis is an ongoing financial crisis in Lebanon. It was started in August
2019. Crisis further exacerbated by spread of COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon and 2020 Beirut port
explosion. As a result, Lebanon has been suffering severe shortages of vital products like fuel, medicine
and medical products.
Background
Lebanese pound has been pegged to U.S. dollar at a rate of 1,507.5 LBP per USD in 1997. In August 2019,
black market exchange rate reached 1,600 LBP per USD while it increased to 3,000 LBP per USD in April
2020 and 15200 LBP per USD in June 2021. USD black market exchange rate is fluctuating continuously due
to devaluation of Lebanese pound. On June 27, Lebanon’s currency reached to 18,000 LBP against U.S.
dollar. Pound has lost 90% of its value since this crisis started.
About Lebanon
Lebanon is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Syria in north & east, Israel in south and Cyprus in
west across the Mediterranean Sea. It is location at crossroads of Mediterranean Basin and Arabian
hinterland as a result of which, the country has a rich history and cultural identity of religious diversity. It I

one of the smallest countries in Asia. Arabic is the official language.

DRDO flight test New-Gen Nuclear Capable Ballistic Missile Agni P
Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully flight-tested a new generation
nuclear-capable ballistic missile Agni P on June 28, 2021.
Key Points
Missile is also known as ‘Agni Prime’.
It was blasted-off from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam island off Odisha coast, Balasore.
Agni-Prime is the advanced version of Agni-1 missile.
Flight test was monitored by various telemetry and radar stations which were positioned along the
eastern coast.
It followed textbook trajectory and met the mission objectives with the high level of accuracy.
About Agni P Missile
It is a new generation advanced variant of Agni class missiles. It is a canisterised missile having a range of
1,000 and 2,000 kms. Missile can hit targets up to a range of 2000 kms. It is very short and light as
compared to with other missiles in this class. This new nuclear-capable missile is fully made up of
composite material.
Agni-I missile
It is a single stage, solid fuel, road & rail mobile and a Short-range ballistic missile developed by DRDO
under Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. It is a single-stage missile which was developed
after Kargil War to fill gap between 250 km range of Prithvi-II missile and 2,500 km range of the Agni-II.
Missile was first launched from a road mobile launcher at Integrated Test Range (ITR) from Wheeler Island,
on 25 January 2002. It is a 15 meter tall Agni-I missile, weighing 12 tonnes and is capable of carrying
conventional and nuclear warheads of 1,000 kg.
June 29, 2021
UK bans World’s Largest Crypto Exchange
Britain’s financial regulator, Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), has banned world’s largest cryptocurrency
exchanges, Binance.
Key Points
Binance cannot conduct any regulated activity as it will come under growing scrutiny globally.
What is the issue?
Binance Markets was acquired by Binance company in 2020. It was not using regulatory permissions.
However, FCA’s move will not affect services offered on its website called Binance.com.
Background
Binance had announced in June 2021 that it bought an FCA-regulated entity and it will offer cryptocurrency
trading services using pounds and euros.
Implications of FCA’s move
FCA’s move will extends a regulatory crackdown on cryptocurrency sector because of rising concerns about
its involvement in money laundering and fraud.
Do Britain regulate cryptocurrencies?
Trading of cryptocurrencies is not directly regulated in Britain. Services like trading in cryptocurrency
derivatives does require authorization.
What is Binance?
Binance is a cryptocurrency exchange from Cayman Islands. It provides a platform to trade several
cryptocurrencies. It was founded in 2017. Binance is the largest cryptocurrency exchange worldwide in
terms of trading volume, as of April 2021. This cryptocurrency exchange was founded by Changpeng Zhao.

It was initially based in China. But due to increased regulation of cryptocurrency in China, it moved
headquarters out of China.
Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)
FCA is a financial regulatory body in United Kingdom. It operates independently of UK Government. It is
financed by charging fees to members of financial services industry. Its function is to regulate financial
firms providing services to consumers. It works alongside Prudential Regulation Authority and Financial
Policy Committee.
FAO Report: Indigenous Peoples’ food systems
As per U.N. Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO)’s report, traditional food gathering techniques of
indigenous communities are under threat because of accelerated climate change and economic pressures
right from Arctic to the Amazon.
As per FAO, food systems used by different indigenous peoples were among world’s most
sustainable in terms of efficiency. It was avoiding waste and adapting to the seasons.
Report warns against increasing threats to such sophisticated food systems.
Food systems are at high risk due to climate change, major infrastructure projects and granting of
concessions which allow mining, commercial agriculture & companies to operate in territories of
indigenous people.
Indigenous people
There are around 500 million people across 90 countries who are self-identify as indigenous people. Food
systems of eight indigenous people are examined in depth and it comes among most sustainable system in
world with respect to efficiency, no waste, seasonality and reciprocity. These indigenous people generate
hundreds of food items from environment without depleting natural resources and achieve high levels of
self-sufficiency. For instance, in Solomon Islands, Melanesians people combine agroforestry, wild food
gathering and fishing and generate 70 per cent of their dietary needs.
Way forward
Report emphasises on the urgent need for governments and international community to establish and
enforce intercultural policies which support the efforts of indigenous people in protecting their food
systems.
Distribution of Indigenous people
Food system of Indigenous people was analysed on-
1. Baka people in Cameroon
2. Inari Sami people in Finland
3. Khasi, Bhotia and Anwal peoples in India
4. Melanesians people in Solomon Islands,
5. Kel Tamasheq people in Mali,
6. Tikuna, Cocama and Yagua peoples in Colombia, and
7. Maya Ch’orti’ in Guatemala.
How their food system is different?
Food system of indigenous people comprises of different food generation techniques such as hunting,
gathering, fishing, pastoralism and shifting cultivation. Mobile practices & nomadism are important to link
food generation and production activities to natural cycles.
SEBI- Franklin Templeton case
Franklin Templeton (FT) has been given interim relief from Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT) on June 28,
2021.

Key points
SAT put stay on Securities Exchange Board of India’s (SEBI) order on FT that prevented it from launching
new debt scheme. Tribunal also put a temporarily stayed on SEBI’s order of recovery of Rs 512 crore from
Franklin Templeton and its direction on FT to deposit Rs 250 crore in three weeks. Next hearing on Franklin
Templeton-SEBI’s matter will be on August 30, 2021. Order of SAT will be applicable until further orders
from it.
Background
SEBI had put a penalty of Rs 5 crore and ordered to disgorge Rs 512 crore investment management by fund
house to manage six suspended schemes. Fine of Rs 3 crore was levied on Franklin Templeton Trustee
Services Pvt Ltd while Rs 2 crore each on President of Franklin Asset Management (India) Pvt Sanjay Sapre
and its Chief Investment Officer Santosh Kamat. Sebi had also imposed a penalty of Rs 15 crore on senior
officials of Franklin Templeton AMC and its trustee because they violated regulatory norms in case of
winding up of six debt schemes in 2020.
What are those schemes?
Six of the schemes namely, Franklin India Low Duration Fund, Franklin India Credit Risk Fund, Franklin India
Dynamic Accrual Fund, Franklin India Ultra Short Bond Fund, Franklin India Short Term Income Plan, and
Franklin India Income Opportunities Fund, together had an estimated Rs 25,000 crore as assets under
management.
Franklin Templeton
It is a global investment firm which was founded in New York City in 1947. It is listed on the New York Stock
Exchange under ticker symbol BEN. Company has been named so in honor of Benjamin Franklin.
Finance Minister announces Stimulus Package
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announce Rs 6.28 lakh crore stimulus package on June 28, 2021 with
the aim of boosting Covid-affected sectors following the eight measures proposed by Ministry of Finance.
Eight key announcements
1. Expansion of healthcare infrastructure
Credit guarantee scheme and an amount of Rs 23,220 crore was earmarked to expands medical
infrastructure for one year. Funding aims to increase the number of ICU beds and enhance availability of
equipment & liquid medical oxygen (LMO). It will emphasise on preparedness of healthcare infrastructure in
terms of child and paediatric care.
2. Free visas, loan for travel agencies
As issuance of visa resumes, first five lakh tourist visas will be issued free of cost. This visa incentive will
cost government around Rs 100 crore. She also announced loan guarantee scheme for tourism sector
because it has been one among worst-hit sectors by covid-19 pandemic. Under the scheme, loan will be
given with 100 per cent guarantee of up to Rs 10 lakh for travel agencies and Rs 1 lakh for regional tourist
guides.
3. Rs 1.1 lakh crore loan guarantee scheme
A Rs 1.1 lakh crore loan guarantee scheme was announced for Covid-affected sectors. Out of Rs 1.1 lakh
crore, Rs 50,000 crore will be provided to health sector. It will benefit 25 lakh beneficiaries as they will be
able to borrow up to Rs 1.25 lakh through micro-finance institutions (MFIs). Both public and private
hospitals can avail a maximum of Rs 100 crore with a guarantee duration of three years.
4. ECLGS cap raised by Rs 1.5 lakh crore
Cap of Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) was increased from Rs 3 lakh crore to Rs 4.5 lakh
crore. ECLGS scheme was announced as part of Aatmanirbhar Bharat package in 2020.

5. Rs 33,000 crore for NEIA

Ministry of finance announced a corpus that will enable National Export Insurance Account (NEIA) to
underwrite an additional Rs 33,000 crore of project exports over five years. NEIA facilitates cover for buyer’s
credit to project exporters and borrowers having lesser creditworthiness, through EXIM Bank.
6. Extension of Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana
Aatmanirbhar Bharat Rozgar Yojana was extended from June 30, 2021 till March 31, 2022. This wage
subsidy scheme was announced with the aim of incentivizing employers through EPFO to generate fresh
employment.
7. PPP projects, DISCOMs, BharatNet
New process is being adopted for speedy clearance of public-private partnership projects. Rs 3.03 lakh
crore was allocated to revamp DISCOMs. Additional Rs 19,041 crore was allocated to BharatNet to improve
broadband connectivity to villages.
8. Fertiliser subsidy, PMGKAY
Nutrient Based Subsidy (NBS) for fertilizers was increased to Rs 42,275 crore. Additional Rs 14,775 crore
will be given to stakeholders, for DAP (Di-ammonium Phosphate) and NPK-based complex fertilisers.
China starts Baihetan Hydro Project
China operationalised the two units of giant Baihetan hydropower plant, which is the largest hydro project
under construction worldwide on June 28, 2021.
Key Points
Yangtze river in southwest China generated electricity for the first time.
First two 1-gigawatt (GW) turbines of the hydro project will go into formal operation after a three-day
trial that started on June 28.
About Baihetan Hydro Project
This hydro project has been built by China Three Gorges Corporation which is the operator of world’s
largest hydropower plant.
This three Gorges Dam is located on the border between southwestern provinces of Yunnan and
Sichuan.
It was constructed on upstream section of Yangtze River called Jinsha.
Total installed capacity of the project is 16 million kilowatts.
Hydropower station is equipped with 16 hydro-generating units. Each unit have a capacity of 1 million
kilowatts. This is the largest single-unit capacity worldwide.
Background
Dam has been operationalised in the backdrop of 100th anniversary of ruling Communist Party of China
(CPC) on July 1. Project symbolises the efficiency of CPC in planning and completing large-scale projects.
Yangtze River
It is the longest river in Asia and third-longest in world. This river is also the longest worldwide to flow
entirely within one country. It originates from Jari Hill in Tanggula Mountains in Tibetan Plateau and flows
for 6,300 km in east direction to drain into East China Sea. It is considered as sixth-largest river by
discharge volume in world. The river drains one-fifth of China’s land area.
Jinsha River
It is the Chinese name for upper stretches of Yangtze River. River flows across Qinghai, Sichuan, and
Yunnan provinces in western China. It passes through Tiger Leaping Gorge. It is significant in generating
hydroelectric power. Several world’s largest hydroelectric power stations have been constructed on Jinsha
river.

National Statistics Day 2021

National Statistics Day is being observed on June 29, 2021. This day commemorate the birth anniversary of
late Professor Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis.
Significance of the Day
June 29 has been selected to celebrate this day at national level to recognise Mahalanobis’ invaluable
contribution in establishing National Statistical System.
2021 Theme
Theme of National Statistics Day 2021 is UN sustainable development goal 2 to “End Hunger, Achieve Food
Security and Improved Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture”. It seeks “sustainable solutions to
end hunger by 2030 and to achieve food security.
Who was Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis?
C. Mahalanobis is often referred to as ‘father of Indian statistics’. He was born on June 29, 1893 in
Calcutta. He is best remembered for Mahalanobis distance which is a statistical measure. He was one of
the members of first Planning Commission of India. He founded Indian Statistical Institute (ISI) and
contributed to design of large-scale sample surveys.
Mahalanobis distance
This formula is used to find distance between a point and a distribution. It is based on measurements in
multiple dimensions. This formula is widely used in field of cluster analysis and classification.
Significance of Statistics
Statistics is the discipline concerning collection, analysis, organization, interpretation, and presentation of
data. Statistics is applied to a scientific, industrial, or social problem which start with studying a statistical
population or statistical model. Statistics helps in formulating economic plans and policies. It presents
facts in a precise form. It also plays a significant role in health field and helps conduct social surveys. It is a
significant part of Mathematics.
Ukraine-NATO launch Black Sea drills
Ukraine and United States is conducting a military exercise, joined by 30 countries, in Black Sea and
southern Ukraine. Exercise was started despite Russia called to cancel it.
Key Points
According to US Navy Capt. Kyle Gantt, large number of participants in exercise reflects shared
commitment to ensure free access to international waters.
Exercise is being conducted in the backdrop of a rise in tensions between NATO and Russia. Russia
had fired warning shots and dropped bombs in path of British warship to run it out from Black Sea
waters along the coast of Crimea. However, United Kingdom rejected this claim by Russia.
Another bone of contention is, Russia annexed Crimea in 2014 and claims it as Russian territory. But
Crimea is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine.
Sea Breeze 2021
This exercise started on June 28, 2021 and will last for two weeks. It will involve some 32 warships and 40
aircraft from US, NATO allies and Ukraine. Drill will witness the participation of 5,000 troops and 18 special
operations. From US side, US destroyer Ross has arrived at Ukrainian port of Odessa jo join the drills.
According to Ukraine, exercise is being conducted with the goal of gaining experience in joint actions during
multinational peacekeeping and security operations.
History
Sea Breeze exercise is the largest exercise since 1997. Their aim is to train headquarters and subdivisions
of Ukrainian Navy to perform assigned tasks as per NATO standards and procedures. It also seeks to gain
experience in joint actions in multinational operations. Primary aim of the drill is to improve naval and land

operations besides improving cooperation between the participating counties.

Mastercard-Instamojo tie up to assist MSMEs, Gig workers
Mastercard announced a strategic equity investment in Instamojo on June 28, 2021.
Key Points
Investments in India’s largest full-stack digital solutions provider, Instamojo, is aimed at empowering
MSMEs and gig workers.
Empowerment will be done by providing easy to use solutions which will help them to rapidly digitize.
It will help in setting online stores, equip with digital payment acceptance capabilities and reach out
to customers.
How Instamojo will help merchants?
Instamojo platform offers small and micro merchants a ready-made virtual platform on which they can
quickly set up e-commerce business and accept digital payments through fast and easy onboarding
process. Using Instamojo’s platform, merchants will get ready access to a functional online store with
facilities like in-built payments, shipping capabilities, marketing tools, logistics and credit facilities. This
investment and partnership will strengthen companies’ initiative to support gig workers such as personal
trainers, electricians, tutors, and small F&B operators to grow and run their businesses.
How Mastercard will help?
Mastercard is committed to support small merchants with company’s strategic investment and partnerships
to unlock power and potential of digital commerce. With this partnership, Mastercard along with Instamojo
will enable small businesses to grow by strengthening their digital footprint and payment acceptance
capabilities. Mastercard had also committed Rs 250 crores to support small businesses in India in 2020
and launched several initiatives such as providing low-cost digital, growing digital payments awareness and
physical acceptance solutions.
Team Cashless India
Team Cashless India was started by Mastercard to educate and upskill small merchants to benefits and
practicalities of accepting digital payments.
About Instamojo
It is full-stack e-commerce platform for DTC brands and Micro, Medium & Small Enterprises (MSMEs). It
helps them in starting, managing and growing their business online. It was founded in 2012 by Sampad
Swain, Akash Gehani and Aditya Sengupta.
About Mastercard
Mastercard is a global technology company in payments industry. It seeks to connect and power an
inclusive & digital economy.
Govt to link e-courts with land records
Centre government has planned to link e-court with land records and registration base in order to help
bonafide buyers know if land is under any legal dispute.
Key Points
As of now, pilot project on linking eCourt with land records and registration database has been
completed in states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Haryana.
Department of Justice in Law Ministry has urged the registrars general of all high courts to provide
clearance to state governments in order to integrate land records & registration database with e-
Courts & National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG) for faster disposal of property disputes.
Eight courts have responded including Tripura, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Himachal Pradesh.

Significance of eCourt-land record linking

eCourt- land record linking will reduce dubious transactions.
It will also help in dispute containment and reduce clogging of court’s system.
Why this linking was done?
As per Department of Justice, “registration of property easily and transparently” is a parameter evaluated by
World Bank to assess performance of 190 global economies on Ease of Doing Business (EoDB) Index. Thus,
to comply with this index, linking was done.
Which nodal department will register the property?
Department of Land Resources (DoLR) is responsible for registering property index.
National Judicial Data Grid (NJDG)
NJDC, launched in 2015, is a part of e-Courts Integrated Mission Mode Project. It was launched with the aim
of tracking judicial performance across different courts in India. It is working as National data warehouse
for case data like orders or judgments for Courts. NJDC acts as a monitoring tool to identify, manage &
reduce pendency of cases. It will also help in providing timely inputs on policy decisions to reduce delay in
the system & facilitate better monitoring of court performance. It has helped India in improve its ranking in
World Bank’s Ease of Doing Business Report.
Assam's Burmese grapes exported to Dubai
To harness the export potential of agricultural & processed food products from north-eastern states, fresh
Burmese grapes shipment was exported to Dubai from Guwahati.
Highlights
Burmese grapes are referred as ‘Leteku’ in Assamese language.
Leteku is rich in vitamin C and Iron.
Grapes were sourced and packed at a collection centre in Darang district of Assam.
Consignment was exported by APEDA registered Kiega EXIM Pvt Ltd.
Role of APEDA
APEDA has been carrying out promotional activities to register North-Eastern states on agricultural
and processed food products export map of India.
Recently, APEDA had facilitated exports of first consignment of ‘red rice’ to USA, which is ‘grown in
Brahmaputra valley of Assam. It does not make use of any chemical fertilizer. This rice variety is also
called as ‘Bao-dhaan’ and is an integral part of Assamese food.
APEDA also assisted in exports of Geographical Indications (GI) certified Kaji Nemu (Assam lemon)
to London. About 40 metric tonnes of Assam Lemon has been exported so far.
It has provided financial assistance to private sector to set up a pack house at Guwahati after
fulfilling mandatory requirement or infrastructure for export of fresh fruits and vegetables to Europe.
It also undertakes market promotion activities for structured marketing strategies for export of food
product market intelligence to take informed decision and for skill development, capacity building &
high-quality packaging.
About Burmese Grape
It is a slow-growing evergreen tree of family Phyllanthaceae with a spreading crown and thin bark. It is
found in Asia and most commonly cultivated in Burma, Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Bangladesh, India and
Malaysia. It grows in evergreen forests on variety of soils. It is eaten as fruit, stewed or made into wine, or
is used medicinally to treat skin diseases.
P. Sainath awarded 2021 Fukuoka Prize
Noted journalist, P. Sainath, was selected as one of the three recipients of Fukuoka Prize 2021.

Key Points
Sainath will receive ‘Grand Prize’ of Fukuoka Prize.
Academic Prize will go to Prof. Kishimoto Mio of Japan.
Prize for Arts & Culture will be given to filmmaker Prabda Yoon of Thailand.
Secretariat of Fukuoka Prize Committee described P. Sainath as “very deserving recipient of Grand
Prize of Fukuoka Prize”.
He will be awarded for his work of creating a new form of knowledge through his writings &
commentaries on rural India and for promoting civil cooperation.
Fukuoka Prize
It is an award established by city of Fukuoka and Fukuoka City International Foundation. It is given to honor
work of individuals or organizations in preserving & creating Asian culture. Fukuoka prize has three prize
categories- Grand Prize, Academic Prize and Arts & Culture Prize. Fukuoka has organised Asia-Pacific
Exposition with the concept of interaction between Asia-Pacific region in 1989. This prize was inaugurated
in 1990 to carry on spirit of Expo. Prizes are given annually to distinguished people for fostering &
increasing awareness of Asian cultures.
Grand Prize
Grand Prize has been awarded to Muhammad Yunus from Bangladesh, historian Romila Thapar and sarod
maestro Amjad Ali Khan. So far, eleven Indians have received Fukuoka Prize. About 115 people from 28
countries and areas have received Prize in past 30 years.
Who is Palagummi Sainath?
He is an Indian journalist and author of book called “Everybody Loves a Good Drought”. He has been actively
campaigning over famer’s issues and backed Samyukta Ekta Morcha that leads farmers’ agitations in India.
He was awarded with Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2007 because he believes “journalism is for people, not
for shareholders”. He founded People’s Archive of Rural India (PARI) in 2014 which is an online platform
focussing on social & economic inequality, poverty, rural affairs, poverty and aftermath of globalization in
India.
Mobile World Congress 2021
Mobile World Congress (MWC) is world’s biggest mobile event of the 2021. It started on June 28 in
Barcelona.
Key Points
It is one of biggest trade shows which is being organised in hybrid form amid the covid-19 pandemic.
This annual telecom industry gathering is synonymous to some big announcements across the past.
Event is being attended by brands like Nokia, Goggle, Facebook, Xiaomi, and Sony this year.
What is Mobile World Congress?
Mobile World Congress or MWC Barcelona is an annual event focused on innovations in telecom industry. It
is being hosted by GSMA. This event is attended by major telecom operators, component manufacturers,
smartphone companies, trade insiders, media, and representatives from telecom ministries across the
world.
Covid-19 in Spain
Spain has eased COVID-19 restrictions on June 26, 2021 and scrapped a requirement to wear face masks
outdoors. However, Masks is mandatory indoors in public places and on public transport.
Background
Barcelona is being hosting MWC since 2006. MWC 2021 was originally scheduled for March 2021 but it was
postponed due to covid-19 pandemic. This year, MWC is being conducted from June 28 to July 1. This event
was cancelled altogether in 2020. Cancellation led to major economic blow in the city with lost revenue for

hotels, restaurants and taxi companies because this event costs 473 million euros and about 14,000 part-
time jobs for locals.
GSM Association (GSMA)
GAMA is also called as Global System for Mobile Communications. It is an industry organisation
representing the interests of mobile network operators across the world. About 750 mobile operators are
full GSMA members while 400 companies are associate members. GSMA represents its members through
industry programmes, working groups and industry advocacy initiatives. Mats Granryd is the present
Director General of GSMA.
UN Report on Racial Justice and Equality
United Nations published its report on Racial Justice & Equality and called to immediately dismantle
systemic racism against black people worldwide to avoid repeating outrages such as killing of George
Floyd.
UN report was triggered by death of Floyd, who was murdered by white US police officer, Michelle
Bachelet.
According to the report, dehumanisation of people of African descent has created a culture tolerance
for racial discrimination and violence.
It also covered accountability and redress for victims.
Way forward
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights has set a four-point agenda to bring about
transformative change on racial justice & equality and asked states to implement it.
It called to include reparations for historical racism and funding for groups such as Black Lives
Matter.
It called to reverse” cultures of denial” when it comes to racism. It said there must not be no impunity
for human rights violations by law enforcement officials. It also urged to build up trust and
institutional oversight reinforced.
It also mandated to hear voices black people and anti-racism activists.
Finally, it asked to confront legacies of historic racism through accountability and redress, the report
concluded.
Background
UN Human rights office was mandated to produce a comprehensive report in June 2020 following Floyd’s
death. It was mandated to produce a comprehensive report on systemic racism and human rights violations
by law enforcement agencies against black people.
Office of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
It is commonly known as United Nations Human Rights Office. This department of Secretariat of United
Nations works to promote and protect human rights guaranteed under international law and stipulated in
Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948. This office was established in 1993 by United Nations
General Assembly following 1993 World Conference on Human Rights. This office is headed by High
Commissioner for Human Rights. He co-ordinates human rights activities throughout United Nations System
and acts as secretariat of Human Rights Council in Geneva, Switzerland.
NASA to create computer models to protect delta system
NASA Scientists and scientists form other universities from Boston to California are aiming to create
computer models which can be used with satellite data to learn which parts of their dwindling deltas can be
shored up and which deltas are past hope.

Why this need was felt?

Scientists decided to create computer models in the backdrop of erosion, sinking land and sea rise
due to climate change which have killed Louisiana woods near the Mississippi River delta system.
NASA is using high-tech airborne systems comprising of boats and mud-slogging work on islands at
the cost of $15 million.
Where is Louisiana?
It is a state in south-central regions of United States. It is 19th-smallest by area and 25th most populous
among 50 U.S. states. It shares its border with state of Texas in west, Arkansas in north, Mississippi in east,
and Gulf of Mexico in south. Its eastern boundary is demarcated by Mississippi River. It is the only state in
U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes. It, along with Alaska, are two U.S. states which are not
subdivided into counties. Baton Rouge is its capital while New Orleans is its largest city.
Mississippi River
It is the second-longest river in North American continent after the Hudson Bay drainage system. Lake
Itasca in northern Minnesota is the source of river. It flows generally south for 2,320 miles to form
Mississippi River Delta in Gulf of Mexico. Mississippi’s watershed drains about 32 U.S. states and two
Canadian provinces. Main stem of the river is entirely within United States. It is the fourteenth-largest river
by discharge worldwide.
June 30, 2021
Odisha to set up "Investment Promotion Agency" in all districts
Government of Odisha has decided to set up district-level industry and investment promotion agencies in all
the districts of state.
Key points
Such agencies would be set up in a bid to create more economic opportunities across the state.
This decision was taken at a high-level meeting, chaired by Chief Secretary SC Mohapatra.
What are the functions of these agencies?
Investment promotion agency would be dedicated for facilitating and handholding the micro, small
and medium enterprises.
These agencies would operate as single-point contact for entrepreneurs and investors.
Agencies would also facilitate MSME entrepreneurs from the “time of project formulation & capacity
building” to “financing, starting of production, & market linkages”.
It would facilitate MSMEs to avail different assistance from government as per prevailing provisions.
Who will manage these agencies?
These agencies would be managed by three professionals under the supervision of respective district
collectors.
Setting up of agencies
These agencies would be set up in all the districts of Odisha in a phased manner with the help of feedback
and learning of functioning and outcome. This project will start in August, 2021. For the first phase of
project districts of Ganjam, Sundargarh & Jagatsinghpur were selected. In second phase, districts of Angul,
Jajapur, Balasore, Keonjhar, Jharsuguda, Rayagada, and Sambalpur will be covered. Government has
targeted to cover all districts by March 2022.
Significance of MSMEs
MSMEs are movers of economy. This, their promotion across all the districts of state will result into an
equitable growth. This sector is a critical source of livelihood and employs about 110 million people.
Justice Department launches “Enforcing Contracts Portal”
Department of Justice has launched an “Enforcing Contracts Portal” on June 29, 2021.

Enforcing Contracts Portal

Justice department launched this portal with the aim of promoting ease of doing business and
improving ‘Contract Enforcement Regime’ across India.
Portal will also provide easy access to latest information regarding the commercial cases in
Dedicated Commercial Courts of Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Bengaluru.
Dedicated Commercial Courts have been set up for speedy resolution of commercial disputes and
boast of dedicated infrastructure & exclusive judicial human power.
It will also provide access the repository of commercial laws.
Portal was launched to act as a comprehensive source of information pertaining to legislative and
policy reforms that are being undertaken on Enforcing Contracts parameters.
legislative and policy reforms undertaken to strengthen Enforcing Contracts regime for Ease of Doing
Business is being monitored by Department of Justice under Ministry of Law & Justice.
Information on commercial court and related services can be easily assessed by portal using several
features like-
1. Details or links of Dedicated Commercial Courts in Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai and Bengaluru
2. Instructive videos related to e-filing
3. Advocate registration
4. Manuals on using Electronic Case Management Tools (ECMTs) like “JustIS app for judicial officers”
5. e-Courts services app for use by lawyers
6. repository of all related commercial laws for ready reference.
It also hosts online reporting by all High Courts on Mediation and Arbitration centres annexed to
Commercial Courts so as to monitor and promote institutional mediation & arbitration through Pre-
institution Mediation and Settlement (PIMS) of commercial cases.
Enforcing Contracts
These contracts are an essential area of measuring time and cost in order to resolve a standardized
commercial dispute and a series of good practices in the judiciary.
NITI Aayog: Study on 'Not-for-Profit' hospital model
NITI Aayog released a comprehensive study on not-for-profit hospital model in India on June 29, 2020.
Highlights
According to NITI Aayog, it is a step of closing information gap on such institutions.
This study was conducted in the backdrop of low investment in expansion of health sector in private
sector.
Report provides insight into operation model of not-for-profit hospitals.
Findings of report
NITI Aayog highlights the growing disparity between hospitalisation cases in for-profit and not-for-
profit hospitals.
As per report, not-for-profit hospitals account for 1.1% of treated ailments, as of June 2018.
for-profit hospitals account for 55.3% of in-patients. On the other hand, not-for-profit hospitals
account for 2.7% of in-patients in India.
Cumulative cost of care at not-for-profit hospitals is lower than for-profit hospitals by one-fourth with
respect to in-patient department.
This low cost is reckoned by package component of cost, which is about 20% low.
Doctor’s or surgeon’s charges are 36% lower while bed charges, which are approximately 44% lesser
than for-profit hospitals.
Cumulative cost of OPD care across not-for-profit hospitals is about one-third lower than in private

for-profit hospitals.
NSS 75th round data
According to this data, not-for-profit hospitals provide medicines to patients at 26% lesser than for-profit
hospitals. It also highlights, doctor’s fees are about 18% lesser in not-for-profit hospitals.
Way Forward
NITI Aayog calls to strengthen not-for-profit hospitals by giving 100% income tax exemption for donations,
fast release of dues from government schemes and grants. Not-for-profit hospitals be allowed to utilize
primary health care (PHC) infrastructure to take health care in rural India.
China certified Malaria-free
China was certified as malaria-free by World Health Organisation on June 30, 2021 after a 70-year effort of
eradicating this mosquito-borne disease.
Highlights
China reported 30 million cases of Malaria annually in 1940s but no indigenous case was reported for four
consecutive years.
Who can get Malaria-free status?
Nations that have achieved at least three consecutive years of zero indigenous cases of Malaria can apply
for WHO certification of malaria-free status. To get this status, nations must present rigorous evidences
and demonstrate capacity to prevent transmission re-emerging.
Status of China
China has become 40th territory to get malaria-free status by WHO. Four other countries that gained the
status recently were El Salvador in 2021, Algeria & Argentina in 2019, and Paraguay & Uzbekistan in 2018.
China has also become the first country in WHO’s Western Pacific region to be awarded malaria-free
certification in about three decades. Others countries with this certified status are Australia (1981),
Singapore (1982) and Brunei (1987).
WHO’s World Malaria Report 2020
According to WHO report, global progress against the disease was plateauing specially in African countries
that are bearing the brunt of cases and deaths. As per the report, 736,000 lives were claimed in 2000.
Disease had claimed an estimated 411,000 lives in 2018 while 409,000 in 2019. In 2019, global malaria
cases were estimated at 229 million. It highlights, about 90% of malaria deaths occur in Africa and majority
of them are young children.
China’s battle against Malaria
China started working out where malaria was spreading and began to combat in 1950s using preventative
anti-malarial medicines. It reduced mosquito breeding grounds and sprayed insecticide in homes. In 1967,
China had launched a scientific programme to look after new malaria treatments, which led to the discovery
of artemisinin which are the most effective antimalarial drugs.
What is European Union’s Green Pass list?
European Medicines Agency (EMA) has excluded Serum Institute of India (SII) manufactured Covishield
from the list of approved vaccines for ‘Green Pass’. As per EMA, vaccine was excluded from list because it
does not have marketing authorisation in European Union (EU).
Key Points
Covishield does not have a marketing authorisation even though it may use an analogous production
technology to Vaxzevria.
Vaczevria is the only Covid-19 vaccine from AstraZeneca for which marketing authorisation
application was submitted to and evaluated by EMA. It was given authorisation.
EMA highlights, small differences in manufacturing conditions can result in differences among final

produce because vaccines are biological products.

How EU give clearance to vaccines?
EU law requires manufacturing sites and production process to be assessed, before giving clearance to
vaccines.
How it will impact Indians?
Indian travellers vaccinated with Covishield may not be eligible to get European Union ‘Green Pass’.
What is Green Pass?
EU member states have started issuing digital ‘vaccine passport’ to enable easy travel into and between EU
countries for the purpose of work and tourism. EU ‘Green Pass’ is also a kind of digital vaccine passport
recognising EMA approved Vaxzevria version of AstraZeneca vaccine which are produced in UK and Europe,
even though World Health Organisation (WHO) has endorsed SII’s Covishield for emergency use across the
globe. Green pass will be launched on July 1, 2021. It will display bearer’s vaccination status.
Which vaccines are approved by EMA?
EMA, which is responsible for evaluation and supervision of medicinal products, has approved four Covid-19
vaccines namely, Comirnaty, Moderna, Vaxzevria and Janssen, as of now. But Covishield, which is the
Indian version of AstraZeneca and University of Oxford’s Covid vaccine, is yet to be recognised for European
market by EMA.
Russia begins construction of 5th Nuclear Power Unit at Kudankulam
Russia started construction of fifth nuclear power unit at Kudankulam in Tamil Nadu on June 29, 2021.
Key points
This development is a significant step in bilateral relation between both the countries.
Rosatom (a Russian company) is providing technology to construct the Kudankulam plant.
This plant has six units each having 1,000 MWe generation capacity.
It is going to be India’s first light water reactor.
Background
India and Russia started talk for constructing two units of nuclear plant at same site under the General
Framework Agreement (GFA). GFA was signed in June 2017 for units five and six. Unit one and two of
kudankulam plant are already operational.
About Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP)
This nuclear power plant is the largest nuclear power of India. It is located in Kudankulam town in
Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. Construction of the plant started on March 31, 2002. However, it faced
several delays because of opposition from local fishermen.
Six reactors of KKNPP
KKNPP is scheduled to have six VVER-1000 reactors. All these reactors have been built or is being built in
collaboration with Russian state company and Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL).
Reactors have the installed capacity of 6,000 MW of electricity. Unit one was made operation and
synchronised with southern power grid in October 2013. It has been generating electricity up to 1,000 MW.
Unit two was synchronised with electricity grid on August 29, 2016. Units three & four was inaugurated on
February 17, 2016. Now, construction of Unit five & six will start.
SEBI amends norms for Independent Directors
Security and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has cleared amendments to SEBI (Listing Obligations and
Disclosure Requirements) Regulations, 2015 while reviewing regulatory provisions related to independent
directors.
Highlights
To boost corporate governance between listed companies, SEBI approved amendments to rules that

govern appointment, re-appointment and removal of independent directors.

It also amended the rules that requires to disclose resignation letters of such individuals.
What rules have been amended?
Appointment, re-appointment and removal of independent directors will be done only through special
resolution passed by shareholders. This provision will be applicable to all listed entities.
Under the amended rules, a one-year cooling period will be given for an independent director
transitioning to a whole-time director in same company or holding or subsidiary or any company
belonging to promoter group.
Process to be followed by Nomination and Remuneration Committee (NRC) when it is selecting
candidates for appointment as independent directors was made transparent.
NRC required to disclose skills required for appointment as independent director and how proposed
candidate fits into that skillset.
Composition of NRC has been updated to include 2/3rd independent directors instead of current
requirement of majority of independent directors.
Under the new rules, resident Indian fund managers have been allowed to be constituents of foreign
portfolio investors and to amend mutual fund rules to provide investment of a minimum amount as
prescribed by SEBI.
Presently, investment of 1% of the amount raised in a New Fund Offer (NFO) or an amount of Rs 50
lakh (whichever is less) is required.
Who are accredited investors?
Accredited investors can be individuals, HUFs, family trusts, partnership firms, sole proprietorships, trusts
and body corporates on the basis of financial parameters.
Saudi to launch a Second National Airline
Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia Mohammed bin Salman announced plans of launching second national airline
as part of broader strategy to turn kingdom into global logistics hub in a bid to diversify from oil.
Key Points
Creation of another flag carrier will put Saudi Arabia into 5th rank worldwide in terms of air transit
traffic.
Detailed plan, of when and how airline will be created, is not yet out.
Background
Plan of creating new airlines was announced because; Prince Mohammad has been pushing for Saudi
Arabia, which is the biggest Arab economy and largest country in Gulf geographically, to boost non-oil
revenues to 45 billion riyals by 2030.
Boosting Non-oil revenues
Saudi Arabia government seeks to make the kingdom a global logistics hub. Plan includes the development
of ports, rail and road networks. These networks would increase transport and logistics sector’s
contribution about 10 % in gross domestic product which currently stands at 6 percent.
What is the purpose of creating new airline?
Comprehensive strategy of creating new airlines aims to position Saudi Arabia as global logistics hub by
connecting three continents. New airline would increase number of international destinations from Saudi
Arabia to more than 250. It will also double air cargo capacity to 4.5 million tonnes.
Why need of second airline was felt?
Current flag bearer Saudi Arabian Airlines, Saudia, is one of the smallest airline networks in gulf region
relative to its size. Saudia has struggled with losses for years. It has also been hit hard by covid-19
pandemic.

Public Investment Fund (PIF)

PIF is the sovereign wealth fund of Saudi Arabia. it has planned to build a new airport in Riyadh as a part of
new airline launch. This fund is the main vehicle of boosting Saudi Arabian investments at home and
abroad.
Moderna: India licenses fourth Covid vaccine
Drug regulator of India, DCGI, has allowed Mumbai-based pharmaceutical company Cipla to import
Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine for restricted emergency use in India.
Key points
Moderna’s vaccine is going to be fourth COVID-19 vaccine available in India after Covaxin, Covishield and
Sputnik.
About AstraZeneca-Oxford vaccine Covishield
This vaccine is locally manufactured by Serum Institute of India. It was created using a weakened variant of
common cold virus called adenovirus from chimps. This virus has been altered to resemble coronavirus,
which will boost immune system to produce antibodies.
About Covaxin
Covaxin is an inactivated vaccine. It has been made with coronaviruses after killing them. Thus, it is safe to
inject into body. It was created and being manufactured by Bharat Biotech. Immune cells in body have
ability to recognise dead virus after it has been injected. It prompts immune system to produce antibodies
against the coronavirus.
Sputnik Vaccine
This vaccine was created by Gamaleya Institute in Russia. It is composed of a harmless cold-type virus as a
carrier which will deliver a small portion of coronavirus in body. Body then starts to manufacture antibodies
which are specifically adapted to coronavirus after being vaccinated.
Moderna Vaccine
Moderna’s method of creating vaccine to protect against Covid-19 is based on messenger RNA (mRNA).
mRNA helps the cells to generate immunity against coronavirus. This vaccine along with Pfizer is being
preferred among wealthy countries. they are more than 90% effective at preventing coronavirus.
Drugs Controller General of India (DCGI)
DGCI is the head of department of Central Drugs Standard Control Organization in India. It is responsible for
approval of licences of specified categories of drugs like blood and blood products, vaccines, IV fluids, and
sera in India. It works under Ministry of Health & Family Welfare. it also sets standards for manufacturing,
import, sales and distribution of drugs in India.
Aadhaar can be ID proof for GRE, TOEFL
Education Testing Service (ETS) has allowed use of Aadhar card for GRE and TOFEL Exams.
Key points
Indian students who are writing GRE or TOEFL examinations will be allowed to use their Aadhaar
cards as identification proof from July 1, 2021.
This decision was taken by Educational Testing Service as many students have faced difficulties in
getting passports amid the COVID-19 induced lockdowns.
Educational Testing Service (ETS)
ETS conducts the Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) and Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).
These are standardised tests which are required to be passed to get admission in many universities in
United States and elsewhere. Earlier, passport was the only accepted identification proof so far for those
taking tests in India. Aadhar card will be applicable for TOEFL and GRE General home-based tests which
have gained popularity during pandemic. These Internet-based tests conducted at designated centres. It will

also be applicable to the new TOEFL Essentials Test which will start from August 2021 and on GRE Subject
Tests which will start in October 2021.
Is this a permanent measure?
No, this decision was taken as a temporary measure. It will come into effect from July 1 and will be
applicable until further notice.
About Aadhaar
It is a 12-digit unique identity number which can be obtained voluntarily by residents or passport holders of
India. It is based biometric and demographic data. Data is collected by Unique Identification Authority of
India (UIDAI) which is a statutory authority established in January 2009. It comes under Ministry of
Electronics and Information Technology. Aadhaar is world’s largest biometric ID system. it is considered a
proof of residence but not a proof of citizenship. It does not grant any rights to domicile in India.
India cuts Crude Palm Oil Import Tax
India has cut import tax on crude palm oil from 15 % to 10% for three months. This new duty would be
effective from June 30, 2021.
Key Points
India is world’s biggest importer of vegetable oils. But it has been struggling to bring down edible oils
prices. Thus, decision to reduce the import tax was taken. After the tax reduction, palm oil imports will
account for 30.25% tax in total. It will include 10% base import duty and other taxes. Overall tax rate on
palm oil imports was 35.75% earlier.
How tax cut will help?
Tax cut will make palm oil more attractive than the soy oil and sunflower oil for Indian refiners. It will thus
boost imports of tropical oil in next three months and will support benchmark Malaysian prices. Duty cut
will provide a necessary respite to consumers from high edible oil prices.
Background
Prices for domestic soy oil and palm oil were doubled in 2020 which hit hard the consumers who were
already stung by high fuel prices and reduced incomes because of lockdowns amid COVID-19 pandemic.
Oil import in India
India imports palm oil mainly from Indonesia and Malaysia. India will buy 500,000 tonnes of additional palm
oil in these three months. Average monthly imports will be around 850,000 tonnes.
Palm oil
Palm oil is the most widely used and imported oil in India. It is mainly for bulk buyers like food processors
and for use in restaurants. Households in India usually prefer soy oil, sunflower oil and rapeseed oil.
GoI extends tenure of NITI Aayog CEO Amitabh Kant
Central government has extended tenure of NITI Aayog Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Amitabh Kant, by one
year. His tenure will now end in June 2022. Extension order was issued by Department of Personnel and
Training after it was approved by Appointments Committee of Cabinet headed by Prime Minister Narendra
Modi.
Who is Amitabh Kant?
He is a 1980 batch retired IAS officer of Kerala cadre. He has been at helm of policy think tank of
government since 2016. Before joining NITI Aayog, he was Secretary in Government of India. He was
handling industrial policy and promotion. Following his superannuation, he was appointed CEO and he will
continue till 2022. He is known for his reformist mind and articulation & marketing strategies. He is the key
player involved at top level in policy related matters like industrial development, technology and investment.
NITI Aayog
It is a public policy think tank of Government of India which was established in 2015 by replacing the

planning commission with the aim of achieving sustainable development goals with cooperative federalism
by involving State Governments in economic policy-making process. Some of its initiatives include AMRUT,
15-year road map, 7-year vision, strategy & action plan, Digital India, Medical Education Reform, Atal
Innovation Mission etc.
Background
Independent Evaluation Office submitted a report to Prime Minister Narendra Modi with recommendation to
replace Planning Commission with a “control commission” on 29 May 2014. Following the
recommendations, Union Cabinet scrapped Planning Commission in August 2014. A Cabinet resolution was
passed on January 1, 2015 to replace Planning Commission NITI Aayog which stands for National
Institution for Transforming India.
India ranks 10th in Cybersecurity Index
th
India has been ranked at 10 position in the cybersecurity index.
Key points
India was ranked ahead of China (No. 33) and Pakistan (No. 79) in global cybersecurity ranking of
countries.
India has improved its ranking from 47 to 10 in United Nation’s ITU Global Cybersecurity Agenda
(GCA).
United States has been ranked first and is followed by United Kingdom.
Improved ranking acknowledges multiple initiatives that India have taken along with CERT (Cyber
Emergency Response Team).
Background
This ranking was announced at a time when government has been dealing with instances of cross-border
cyber-attacks. In February 2021, several instances were observed where government domain email
addresses were used to launch cyber-attacks.
Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI)
GCI is a project of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) to rank cybersecurity capabilities of nations
across the globe. It is a trusted reference measuring commitment of nations to cybersecurity at a world
level. It is published to raise awareness of importance and different dimensions of cybersecurity issues.
Country’s level of development or engagement in the field of cybersecurity is assessed in five pillars
1. Legal Measures
2. Technical Measures
3. Organizational Measures
4. Capacity Development and
5. Cooperation
And then data are aggregated into an overall score. GCI leverages capacity and expertise of different
organizations in order to improve quality of survey, and to promote knowledge exchange in the fields of
cybersecurity. ITU Global Cybersecurity Agenda (GCA) provides general foundation and framework for
initiative.
International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
ITU was founded in 1865 and is an integral part of United Nations 1947. It has widest decision-making
scope among international ICT organizations with respect to issues addressed and types of decisions
made. Its treaties provide an international legal framework for cooperation between states, private sector
etc.

120 Multiple Choice Questions

The below MCQs are select 120 questions sourced from GKToday’s Current Affairs 2021 Daily 20 MCQ
Series in GKToday Academy Android Application.
1. Who was the President of the 14th session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations
Convention to Combat Desertification?
[A] Narendra Modi
[B] Yoshihide Suga
[C] Xi Jinping
[D] Gotabaya Rajapaksa
Answer: Narendra Modi
Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was the President of the 14th session of the Conference of the
Parties to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD COP14 President). The
event was held at New Delhi in 2019. Recently, PM Modi is set to address a high-level virtual dialogue on
desertification, land degradation and drought at the UN. The event will be convened by the President of
the 75th session of the General Assembly, Volkan Bozkir.
2. Naftali Bennett, who was making news recently, is the new Prime Minister of which country?
[A] Italy
[B] Israel
[C] France
[D] Iran
Answer: Israel
Naftali Bennett has been selected as the new Prime Minister of Israel, after Benjamin Netanyahu lost his
12-year-old tenure. Netanyahu, who was Israel’s longest serving Prime Minister, is on trial for fraud. He
fell short of obtaining majority support after the general election in March this year. Yair Lapid is
expected to replace Bennett as PM after two years.
3. Raja Parba, which was celebrated recently, is a famous festival of which state?
[A] Karnataka
[B] Kerala
[C] Odisha
[D] West Bengal
Answer: Odisha
Raja Parba, a 3-day festival celebrating womanhood is being celebrated across the state of Odisha.
During this period, it is believed that Mother Earth menstruates and prepares for future agricultural
activities with the arrival of monsoon. Odisha Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) also launched a
special programme named 'Pitha on Wheels'.
4. Which country plays host to the World Blood Donor Day 2021 events?
[A] USA
[B] Germany
[C] Italy
[D] UAE
Answer: Italy
World Blood Donor Day is observed on June 14 every year, to create awareness across the world about
the need for safe blood and life-saving components of blood required for transfusion. For 2021, the
World Blood Donor Day slogan will be “Give blood and keep the world beating”. Italy hosts the World

Blood Donor Day 2021 through its National Blood Centre.

5. As per the mandatory Hall marking scheme, what types of gold jewellery can be sold in India?
[A] 18, 20 and 22 carats
[B] 14, 18 and 22 carats
[C] 20, 22 and 24 carats
[D] 14, 18 and 24 carats
Answer: 14, 18 and 22 carats
The government is set to implement mandatory hallmarking of gold jewellery and artefacts from 15 June
2021. Gold hallmarking is a purity certification of gold and at present hallmarking is voluntary. This will
protect the public against lower caratage. From the cut-off date all jewellers will be allowed to sell only
14, 18 and 22 carats of gold jewellery.
6. Which country has developed a ceiling-mounted ‘Covid alarm’ that can detect Covid infection?
[A] USA
[B] China
[C] UK
[D] India
Answer: UK
Scientists from the United Kingdom have developed a ceiling-mounted ‘Covid alarm’ that can detect the
persons infected in 15 minutes. This accurate device can be used for screening in aircraft cabins,
classrooms, care homes and offices. The sensor works by detecting chemicals produced by the skin or
in the breath of the persons infected with coronavirus.
7. New Shephard, which was in the news recently, is the rocket system of which space agency?
[A] SpaceX
[B] NASA
[C] Blue Origin
[D] Rocosmos
Answer: Blue Origin
Amazon founder and billionaire Jeff Bezos’s space company Blue Origin recently concluded the online
auction for the first seat on New Shephard. It is a rocket system developed to take tourists to space.
Over 7,600 people registered from 159 countries to bid for this seat. It went for a winning bidder of USD
28 million, who would fly aboard New Shephard along with Bezos.
8. Which Indian state is ranked first in the Anemia Mukt Bharat Index?
[A] Kerala
[B] Madhya Pradesh
[C] Maharashtra
[D] Tamil Nadu
Answer: Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh is at the first position with a score of 64.1, in the Anemia Mukt Bharat Index. It is
released by the National Health Mission. M.P is followed by Odisha with a score of 59.3. Himachal has
jumped to third spot this year, against its rank 18 in the year 2018-19. Almost 50% of the pregnant
women, 59% of children less than five years of age, 54% of adolescent girls and 53% of non-pregnant
non-lactating women in India are anemic.
9. As per ICAN’s recent report, which country spent the highest amount on nuclear weapons?
[A] China
[B] Russia

[C] USA
[D] UK
Answer: USA
Geneva-based International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons (ICAN) has released a report titled
“Complicit: 2020 Global Nuclear Weapons Spending”. The report details the spending of nine countries
on their weapons, the companies that profited, among others. The amount had an increase of $1.4
billion from last year. USA tops the list with an expenditure of $37.4 billion, followed by China at $ 10.1
billion. Russia, UK and France are in the next places.
10. The ‘Open Societies Statement’, which was making news recently, was adopted at which
Summit?
[A] NATO Summit
[B] G 7 Summit
[C] G 20 Summit
[D] OECD Summit
Answer: G 7 Summit
The ‘Open Societies Statement’ was adopted at the end of G-7 outreach session, which encourages the
values of “freedom of expression”. The title of the session was ‘Building Back Together—Open Societies
and Economies’. Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was invited as the Lead Speaker during the event.
11. Which institution releases the ‘World Giving Index 2021’?
[A] UNDP
[B] Charities Aid Foundation (CAF)
[C] Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
[D] UNICEF
Answer: Charities Aid Foundation (CAF)
The World Giving Index (WGI) for the year 2021 has been released by the Charities Aid Foundation (CAF).
The report states that COVID 19 and associated lockdowns have changed the giving behaviour of
countries across the globe. India stands at 14th most generous countries in the world. Indonesia has
been ranked at the 1st spot.
12. Which Indian state produces GI certified Jardalu mangoes, which were recently exported to the
UK?
[A] Bihar
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Andhra Pradesh
[D] Uttar Pradesh
Answer: Bihar
The first commercial consignment of GI-certified Jardalu mangoes from Bhagalpur, Bihar was exported
to the United Kingdom. APEDA, in collaboration with Bihar government, Indian High Commission & Invest
India, exported the mangoes that were packed and treated at APEDA packhouse, Lucknow. Jardalu
mangoes from Bhagalpur district of Bihar received GI certification in 2018, due to their distinct aroma
and taste.
13. When is the World Elder Abuse Awareness Day observed by the UN every year?
[A] June 15
[B] June 20
[C] June 25
[D] June 27

Answer: June 15
Every year, the United Nations observes June 15th as World Elder Abuse Awareness Day. This was
initiated by the International Network for the Prevention of Elder Abuse (INPEA) in 2006 and the UN
General Assembly passed a resolution in this regard in the year 2011. This year’s June 15 is observed
under the title “Safeguard older persons during COVID-19 and beyond”.
14. Britain announced a free trade agreement with which country for Cars, Scotch whisky and
Confectionery?
[A] India
[B] Australia
[C] New Zealand
[D] Japan
Answer: Australia
The Government of Britain has announced a free trade agreement with the Government of Australia, for
the first time post Brexit. Under the agreement cars, Scotch whisky and confectionery made in Britain
would be sold in Australia at a cheaper cost because of the agreement which aims to reduce tariff
barriers.
15. Which recently-released report was titled “The race against time for smarter development”?
[A] World Development Report
[B] Global Economic Prospects
[C] UN Sustainable Development Report
[D] UNESCO Science Report
Answer: UNESCO Science Report
The 7th edition of the UNESCO Science report has been released recently under the title “The race
against time for smarter development”. This report makes a detailed analysis of the development path
that countries have been following over the last five years in the field of science.
16. NAFED is registered under which of the following Acts?
[A] Companies Act
[B] Banking Regulation Act
[C] Co-operative Societies Act
[D] NABARD Act
Answer: Co-operative Societies Act
The National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation of India Ltd (NAFED) is registered under the
Co-operative Societies Act and is established to promote the cooperative marketing of agricultural
produce. Recently, NAFED has launched “Nafed Fortified Rice Bran Oil ''. This is expected to significantly
reduce India's dependence on imported edible oil and would provide an impetus to the Atma Nirbhar
Bharat initiative.
17. Which country played host to VivaTech technology conference?
[A] France
[B] China
[C] Japan
[D] India
Answer: France
VivaTech is an annual technology conference which is organised in Paris, France. This conference has
been organised since 2016 and is dedicated to innovations and startups across the globe. Prime
Minister of India Narendra Modi delivered the keynote address at this year’s VivaTech conference, where

he highlighted the close association of India and France on the technology front.
18. The Trusted Telecom Portal is established under which council?
[A] TRAI
[B] Telecom Council
[C] National Security Council
[D] Telecommunication Council
Answer: National Security Council
The Union Government has launched the Trusted Telecom Portal under the Cyber wing of the National
Security Council. This portal has been launched after the Cabinet approved the National Security
Directive on the Telecommunication Sector. From now on, telecom operators are mandated to use
equipment and connect networks using devices which are designated as trusted products / authentic
sources.
19. SilverLine, is a flagship rail project of which state?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Kerala
[C] Maharashtra
[D] Gujarat
Answer: Kerala
The state government of Kerala has recently approved for commencing land acquisition to SilverLine
project, which is a semi high-speed railway project. Proposed at a cost of Rs.63,940 crore, the project
aims to connect the northern and southern part of Kerala by rail and reduce the travel time. This is one
of the biggest infra projects of recent times in the state.
20. As per the new MSME rules, what documents are required for registration of MSMEs?
[A] GSTIN, PAN and Aadhar
[B] PAN and Aadhar
[C] Udyog Aadhar
[D] Biometric Identification
Answer: PAN and Aadhar
Union MSME Ministry recently announced simplification of process for registration of Micro, Small and
Medium Enterprises. As per the new rules, only PAN and Aadhaar will be required for registration of
MSMEs. After getting registered, the MSME unit would get priority and finance.
21. Which Indian wrestler has clinched Gold medal in the Poland Open Tournament?
[A] Vinesh Phogat
[B] Sakshi Malik
[C] Sushil Kumar
[D] Yogeshwar Dutt
Answer: Vinesh Phogat
Indian wrestler Vinesh Phogat has clinched the 53kg gold medal at the Poland Open in Warsaw. It is the
third title of the season for the 26-year-old wrestler, who had previously won gold medals at the Matteo
Pellicone event (March) and Asian Championship (April). Vinesh won the final match against Ukraine's
Khrystyna Bereza 8-0. The victory would make her the top seed at the Tokyo Olympics.
22. The National Maritime Heritage Complex is to be developed in which state?
[A] Maharashtra
[B] Gujarat
[C] Tamil Nadu

[D] Kerala
Answer: Gujarat
The Ministry of Culture and Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways signed a Memorandum of
Understanding (MoU) for ‘Cooperation in Development of National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC)
at Lothal, Gujarat’ NMHC, a world-class facility is to be developed near the ASI site of Lothal, located
about 80 kms away from Ahmedabad, Gujarat. The complex would be developed as an international
tourist destination, where the maritime heritage of India would be showcased.
23. Which is the lead institution of India for the BRICS Network University?
[A] IISC Bangalore
[B] IIT Bombay
[C] IIT Delhi
[D] IIT Madras
Answer: IIT Bombay
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay hosted a three-day virtual conference of BRICS Network
Universities on electric mobility. The conference is part of the events that India hosts under the
education stream during its 13th BRICS Summit this year. BRICS Network University is a union of higher
education institutions of the five BRICS member countries. IIT-Bombay is the lead institution of India for
the BRICS Network University.
24. ‘Data Lake’, which was making news recently, is the online portal of which organisation?
[A] RBI
[B] NHAI
[C] CBI
[D] DRDO
Answer: NHAI
The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) mandated to use drones for monthly video recording of
all national highway projects during their different stages of construction, operation and maintenance.
NHAI has directed contractors to carry out the drone video recording in the presence of the Supervision
Consultant, and upload the status of the current and last month on ‘Data Lake’, the portal of NHAI.
25. What does “A” stand for in ‘ADMM-Plus’ platform?
[A] Asian
[B] ASEAN
[C] Asia
[D] Africa
Answer: ASEAN
The ASEAN Defence Ministers' Meeting Plus (ADMM-Plus) is a platform comprising 10-nation ASEAN
nations and its eight dialogue partners namely India, China, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Republic of
Korea, Russia and the United States. The meeting aims to strengthen security and defence cooperation
among the above-mentioned nations and ensures peace, stability and development in the region.
26. In which city, the historic summit between US President Joe Biden and Russian President
Vladimir Putin took place?
[A] Geneva
[B] Washington
[C] Moscow
[D] Vienna
Answer: Geneva

The historical summit between US President Joe Biden and Russian President Vladimir Putin took place
recently in Geneva, Switzerland. This visit was a part of the US President’s three-country foreign trip
undertaken for a period of 8 days. The talks covered cybersecurity, arms control, human rights and
Ukraine.
27. Google Pay has announced cards tokenisation feature in collaboration with which payments
major?
[A] Visa
[B] Master Card
[C] Rupay
[D] NPCI
Answer: Visa
Google Pay has collaborated with Visa and has announced to expand its cards tokenisation feature. This
feature would enable users to make debit or credit card payments in a secure mode using a digital token
attached to their phone. In India, card tokenization feature of google pay has been on boarded to Kotak
Mahindra Bank, SBI, Axis Bank, IndusInd Bank, Federal Bank etc.
28. What is AY.1, which is seen in news recently?
[A] Coronavirus variant
[B] New Exoplanet
[C] New Galaxy
[D] Human Gene
Answer: Coronavirus variant
B.1.617.2.1, is a new Coronavirus variant and is denoted as AY.1 for simplicity. This variant is found to
be rapidly spreading in several countries including India. This corona virus variant has immune escape
properties, thereby making it partially or fully resistant to the body’s immune response, vaccines and
antibody therapies.
29. “ICICI Stack” is a digital banking solution for which segment of customers?
[A] Retail Customers
[B] Home Loan Customers
[C] Corporate Customers
[D] Insurance customers
Answer: Corporate Customers
ICICI Bank has launched a comprehensive set of digital banking solutions for corporates named “ICICI
STACK”. This platform caters to the entire system within a corporate like promoters, group companies,
employees, dealers, vendors and all other stakeholders. It enables the corporate houses to meet all
banking needs on a single platform.
30. 'TV Channel Selector' web portal has been launched by which regulator body?
[A] Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
[B] Competition Commission of India
[C] Central Electricity Regulatory Commission
[D] Telecom Disputes Settlement Board
Answer: Telecom Regulatory Authority of India
The telecommunication regulator – TRAI has launched a TV Channel Selector web portal. Using this
portal, consumers who do not have smart phones can check their subscription, modify it, view all
channels provided by their cable operators. Alternatively, this service could also be accessed using TV
Channel Selector App, using a smart phone.

31. A new specie named “Satin berrypecker” has been discovered in which country?
[A] New Guinea
[B] Argentina
[C] Brazil
[D] Nicaragua
Answer: New Guinea
A new species of berrypecker named “satin berrypecker” has been discovered in the Kumawa Mountains
of western New Guinea. Berrypecker is a very small bird family restricted to the mountain forests of New
Guinea. “Satin berrypecker” is the 6th species to be discovered and is distinct from other members of
the genus in term of coloration, morphological measurements, and genetic markers.
32. Which country has launched the satellites named HISEA-2, YANGWANG-1 & TKSY01-TJ?
[A] Japan
[B] China
[C] USA
[D] Russia
Answer: China
The China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC) which is a subsidiary of China Aerospace Science
and Technology Corporation (CASC) has successfully launched Chinese satellites namely BEIJING-3,
HISEA-2, YANGWANG-1 & TKSY01-TJ. These satellites were launched using Long March-2D (LM-2D)
Launch Vehicle. Of the said satellites, BEIJING-3 is a high-performance commercial remote sensing
satellite which will provide high-resolution data and information.
33. Which country recently passed anti-LGBT law ahead of 2022 election?
[A] Kenya
[B] Saudi Arabia
[C] Denmark
[D] Hungary
Answer: Hungary
Hungary's parliament recently passed legislation that bans the dissemination of content in schools
deemed to promote homosexuality and gender change. This step has been taken amid strong criticism
from human rights groups and opposition parties.
34. The Affordable Care Act (ACA), that was making up news recently is a statute of which country?
[A] United States
[B] Canada
[C] China
[D] United Kingdom
Answer: United States
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States
Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. The Supreme Court
recently dismissed the challenge to this Act, saving insurance coverage for millions of Americans.
35. Which Indian state recently decided to adopt the Andhra Pradesh government's flagship scheme,
“Nadu Nedu”?
[A] Telangana
[B] Odisha
[C] Karnataka
[D] Tamil Nadu

Answer: Telangana
The Telangana government recently decided to adopt the Andhra Pradesh government's flagship
scheme, Nadu Nedu. The Telangana government has recently sought a "no objection certificate" from
the Andhra Pradesh government over the Mana Badi Nadu Nedu. Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh YS
Jagan Mohan Reddy launched the ‘Nadu-Nedu’ programme which seeks to transform government
schools into vibrant and competitive institutions.
36. Which two countries recently unveiled a roadmap for a joint International Lunar Research
Station?
[A] US and UAE
[B] US and UK
[C] Russia and China
[D] Russia and UAE
Answer: Russia and China
Russia and China recently unveiled a roadmap for a joint International Lunar Research Station. The
International Lunar Research Station is a comprehensive scientific experiment base with the capability
of long-term autonomous operation. The ILRS will become operational from 2036 onwards, providing a
range of scientific facilities and equipments.
37. Paraceratherium, that was recently un news, is an extinct genus of which animal?
[A] Rhinoceros
[B] Crocodile
[C] Dinosaur
[D] Snake
Answer: Rhinoceros
Paraceratherium is an extinct genus of hornless rhinoceros. It is one of the largest terrestrial mammals.
The exact size of Paraceratherium is unknown because of the incompleteness of the fossils. It lived in
habitats ranging from arid deserts with a few scattered trees to subtropical forests.
38. Stygarctus keralensis, that was recently making news, was discovered in which Indian state?
[A] Goa
[B] Maharashtra
[C] Kerala
[D] Manipur
Answer: Kerala
Stygarctus keralensis was discovered in Kerala by a research team which consisted of Vishnudattan
N.K., Jayachandran P.R., and S. Bijoy Nandan, professor, Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology
and Biochemistry, Cochin University of Science and Technology. J.G. Hansen, University of Copenhagen.
It is the eighth species named under the genus Stygarctus.
39. The recently discovered Pristimantis ledzeppelin, which has been named after English rock band
Led Zeppelin, is a __:
[A] Crocodile
[B] Snake
[C] Frog
[D] Lizard
Answer: Frog
Scientists have named a newly discovered frog species after name of Led Zeppelin, an English rock
band of 1960s . Pristimantis ledzeppelin is a ground-breeding frog found in a part of the Ecuadorean

Andes. This frog has coppery-red eyes and a yellow, brown, black and orange skin.
40. Critically endangered grass species Lophopogon prasannae has recently been found in which
Indian state?
[A] Manipur
[B] Meghalaya
[C] Uttarakhand
[D] Andhra Pradesh
Answer: Andhra Pradesh
The new grass species, "Lophopogon prasannae" has recently been discovered in the Nigidi forest of
Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh. This grass species has been named after Dr PV Prasanna. This
species has been marked as ‘critically endangered’ on the basis of the International Union for
Conservation of Nature’s ‘red list’ criteria.
41. Queshuachaca Bridge, that was recently in news, is located in which country?
[A] Kenya
[B] Indonesia
[C] Peru
[D] Mongolia
Answer: Peru
Queshuachaca Bridge is in Quehue District, Canas Province, Peru. The dimension of the bridge is 33 m.
long and 1.20 m. wide, the material used is only the braided straw, obtained from the high Puna. It
requires an annual maintenance because the straw used for its construction begins to decompose.
42. What is the theme of the World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought for 2021?
[A] Restoration. Land. Recovery
[B] Restoration. Land. Preservation
[C] Restoration. Land. Conservation
[D] None of the above
Answer: Restoration. Land. Recovery
The United Nations observes World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought on 17 June every year.
Theme: Restoration. Land. Recovery World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought focuses on
changing public attitudes towards land degradation and desertification.
43. The ‘Crash course programme for Covid-19 frontline workers’ launched by the PM, is designed
under which scheme?
[A] PM Atma Nirbhar Bharat Yojana
[B] PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana 3.0
[C] PM Swachh Bharath Abhiyan
[D] PM Cares
Answer: PM Kaushal Vikas Yojana 3.0
The Prime Minister of India Shri Narendra Modi has launched a customized crash course programme for
Covid-19 frontline workers, which would make available trained health workers across the country to
assist the battle against covid. The course has been launched with a financial outlay of Rs.276 crore
under the Central Component of Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 3.0.
44. ‘Varuna and Assi’ rivers, which were seen in the news recently, flow through which Indian state?
[A] Sikkim
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Odisha

[D] Karnataka
Answer: Uttar Pradesh
The National Green Tribunal has set up a committee for rejuvenation of rivers Varuna and Assi in
Varanasi, both of which joins the river Ganga. This move has been made by the tribunal after taking note
of the reported discharge of untreated sewage in these rivers and unauthorised constructions on the
banks of these rivers.
45. CSIR has tied up with which health care institution to ramp up Covid-19 testing in across towns
and rural India?
[A] Ranbaxy
[B] Religare
[C] Tata MD
[D] Serum Institute
Answer: Tata MD
The CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) has entered into a partnership with Tata
group’s health care venture “Tata MD”. This partnership aims to increase the Covid-19 testing capacity
across Tier 2 and 3 towns and in rural regions of the country. Under this partnership, Tata MD CHECK
SARS-CoV-2 test kits would be extensively used to perform RT-PCR tests across the CSIR labs in India.
46. India has launched a trilateral with which two countries, for Indo-Pacific stability?
[A] Italy – Japan
[B] France – Australia
[C] UAE - New Zealand
[D] Germany – South Korea
Answer: Italy – Japan
India, Italy and Japan have launched a trilateral, through a virtual meeting in which India was
represented by the Union Ministry of External Affairs. This trilateral aims to create stability and a rules-
based international order in the Indo-Pacific region, which is based on “consent of all” and not “power of
the few”.
47. When is the Sustainable Gastronomy Day observed every year by the United Nations?
[A] June 5
[B] June 10
[C] June 18
[D] June 26
Answer: June 18
Every year, 18th June is observed as the Sustainable Gastronomy Day by the United Nations. This day
was first adopted by the UN in the year 2016. Gastronomy refers to local food and cuisine. The United
Nations defines Sustainable Gastronomy as a cuisine that takes into account where the ingredients are
from, how the food is grown and how it gets to our markets and eventually to our plates.
48. Who was the first Indian to win individual gold medal at the Commonwealth Games?
[A] P T Usha
[B] Milkha Singh
[C] Dhyan Chand
[D] Paan Singh Tomar
Answer: Milkha Singh
Milkha Singh, who is also called as the “Flying Sikh'', passed away recently due to COVID. He was 91
years old. Milkha Singh won India's first individual gold medal at the Commonwealth Games, in 1958 in

Wales. Milkha Singh was a soldier and a track and field sprinter, who represented India in various
international events and brought laurels to the country.
49. RBI has approved which institution to takeover Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperative Bank?
[A] Centrum Financial Services
[B] Ujjivan Small Finance Bank
[C] DHFL Limited
[D] Bandhan Bank
Answer: Centrum Financial Services
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) granted in-principle approval consortium of Centrum Financial Services
and fintech startup BharatPe, to takeover Punjab and Maharashtra Cooperative Bank. In September
2019, RBI capped cash withdrawals and launched an investigation into its accounting lapses. Centrum
Financial Services is a subsidiary of the listed entity Centrum Capital. Resilient Innovations Ltd, which
operates BharatPe, will be an equal partner in the small finance bank.
50. What is the Government’s target to reduce road accident deaths by year 2024?
[A] 20%
[B] 25%
[C] 50%
[D] 75%
Answer: 50%
The Minister for Road Transport & Highways and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Nitin Gadkari
recently said that the Government's target is to reduce road accident deaths by 50% by year 2024. He
announced this during FICCI webinar on 'Role of Corporates in Arresting Road Fatalities'. The World
Bank and ADB have sanctioned a scheme by which the Government is allocating Rs.14,000 crores for
states and NHAI to remove accident black spots.
51. Which organisation released a proposed global roadmap for universal access to clean energy by
2030?
[A] IEA
[B] UN
[C] World Bank
[D] NITI Aayog
Answer: UN
The United Nations released a proposed global roadmap for universal access to clean energy by 2030.
This report was released ahead of the major Ministerial meeting on June 21-25 where countries and
businesses will announce energy plans for the decade. The report envisages annual investments of $35
billion and $25 billion for electricity access and clean cooking by 2030 respectively.
52. Which organisation has proposed to set up an International Carbon Price Floor?
[A] World Bank
[B] IMF
[C] IEA
[D] FAO
Answer: IMF
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has proposed to set up an International Carbon price floor to help
limit global warming. It aims to achieve the transition toward low carbon growth over this decade. As per
the IMF chief, limiting global warming to 1.5 to 2 degrees will require emissions to be cut by a quarter to
a half by 2030.

53. What is the theme of the International Day of Yoga 2021?

[A] Yoga and Science
[B] Yoga amid Covid
[C] Yoga For Wellness
[D] Yoga For World
Answer: Yoga For Wellness
The International Yoga Day has been celebrated every year on June 21 since 2015. PM Modi proposed to
observe an International Yoga Day, in his address during the opening of the 69th session of the United
Nations General Assembly. This year, the theme of the International Day of Yoga is 'Yoga For Wellness'.
The focus will be on practicing yoga for physical and mental well-being.
54. Which Union Ministry is to set up ’Divyangta Khel Kendras’?
[A] Sports and Youth Affairs Ministry
[B] Social Justice and Empowerment Ministry
[C] Law and Justice Ministry
[D] Home Affairs Ministry
Answer: Social Justice and Empowerment Ministry
Union Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment Thaawarchand Gehlot announced that the Ministry
has decided to establish five ’Divyangta Khel Kendra’ in different parts of country. He also added that
Ahemdabad City is identified to open one of such facilities. The Minister was participating in ‘Samajik
Adhikarita Shivir’ for distribution of aids and assistive devices to ‘Divyangjan’ under the ADIP Scheme.
55. Laurel Hubbard, who is selected as the first transgender athlete to compete at the Olympics, is
from which country?
[A] USA
[B] Russia
[C] New Zealand
[D] South Africa
Answer: New Zealand
43-year-old Laurel Hubbard from New Zealand has been selected as the first transgender athlete to
compete at the Tokyo Olympics. Hubbard will be the first Trans Olympian when she takes part in the
super-heavyweight women's competition. She will compete in the super-heavyweight 87-kg category
after testosterone levels required by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) are met.
56. What is the name of the Engine which can be used with 100 per cent crude oil or 100 per
ethanol?
[A] Multi Fuel Engine
[B] Flex Fuel Engine
[C] Alternative Engine
[D] Sustainable Engine
Answer: Flex Fuel Engine
The Union Minister for Road Transport and Highways announced that the Ministry will make the Flex-fuel
engines, mandatory for the automobile industry. In a flex fuel engine, there will be choice for the people
to use 100 per cent crude oil or 100 per ethanol. India has earlier preponed the cut-off date for mixing 20
per cent ethanol in petrol from 2030 to 2025.
57. Stefan Löfven, who was in the news recently, was the former Prime Minister of which country?
[A] France
[B] Sweden

[C] Switzerland
[D] Italy
Answer: Sweden
Swedish Prime Minister Stefan Lofven lost a no-confidence vote recently, which made the leader to
resign in a week to resign. With this scenario, the Speaker is given the job of finding a new Government
or call a snap election. The Left Party withdrew support for the centre-left government over a plan to
ease rent controls for new-build apartments.
58. Drag Reduction System (DRS) is associated with which sport?
[A] Cricket
[B] Football
[C] Car Racing
[D] Soccer
Answer: Car Racing
DRS Stands for Drag Reduction System, which is a method in F1 racing, in which drivers follow their
rivals at a very proximate distance in order to overtake them. Recently, F1 champion Max Verstappen
won the French Grand Prix, by overtaking his rival Lewis Hamilton in the penultimate lap using the DRS
technique.
59. When is the World Sickle Cell Awareness Day observed every year?
[A] June 15
[B] June 19
[C] June 25
[D] June 30
Answer: June 19
Every year, the World Sickle Cell Awareness Day is observed on 19th June. This day aims to increase
awareness on the disease and the challenges faced by people affected by the disease. Sickle cell
disease is caused as a result of sickle-shaped red blood cells which stick together and block blood flow
and thereby reduce the ability of oxygen to reach all parts of the body. Affected patients experience
pain, anaemia, infection and other serious health complications.
60. Which country plays host to the BRICS summit on Green Hydrogen initiatives?
[A] India
[B] Russia
[C] Brazil
[D] China
Answer: India
India’s state-owned power sector major NTPC Ltd is anchoring a two-day summit on Green Hydrogen
initiatives. The event would involve participation from BRICS nations. This summit creates a platform to
share Green Hydrogen initiatives by the nations across the globe and present detailed road maps to take
green energy to the next levels. The event is proposed to be held in a virtual format.
61. When does the UN observe “International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in
Conflict”?
[A] June 10
[B] June 19
[C] June 20
[D] June 30
Answer: June 19

Every year, the United Nations observe “International Day for the Elimination of Sexual Violence in
Conflict” on 19th June. This day is observed to raise awareness about this inhuman issue and the urgent
need to put an end to conflict-related sexual violence. A resolution to observe this day was passed in the
United Nations General Assembly in 2015.
62. Great Barrier Reef, which was seen in the news recently, is a famous coral reef situated in which
country?
[A] USA
[B] Australia
[C] Japan
[D] India
Answer: Australia
Great Barrier Reef spans for 2,300km off Australia's north-east coast. It gained World Heritage ranking in
1981 due to its scientific and intrinsic importance. Recently, UNESCO recently said the Great Barrier Reef
should be put on a list of World Heritage Sites that are "in danger" due to the damage it has suffered.
Several bleaching events on the reef in the past five years caused significant loss of coral.
63. Which organisation released the ‘Annual report on children and armed conflict’?
[A] World Bank
[B] UN
[C] IMF
[D] Niti Aayog
Answer: UN
As per the UN chief Antonio Guterres’ annual report to the Security Council on children and armed
conflict, more than 8,500 children were used as soldiers last year in various conflicts across the world.
The most violations in 2020 were committed in Somalia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Afghanistan,
Syria and Yemen.
64. When is the International Day of the Celebration of the Solstice observed every year by the UN?
[A] June 19
[B] June 21
[C] June 25
[D] June 30
Answer: June 21
Every year, the United Nations observes June 21 as International Day of the Celebration of the Solstice.
As per the United Nations, solstices and equinoxes symbolize fertility of the land, agricultural and
cultural heritage. Hence the UN General Assembly acknowledged this event and recognized this date for
celebration.
65. When is World Music Day observed every year?
[A] June 20
[B] June 21
[C] June 22
[D] June 23
Answer: June 21
Every year, the 21st of June is celebrated as World Music Day. This day was first celebrated in the year
1982 in France. The day coincides with the Summer solstice and is aimed to bring people out on the
streets and enjoy themselves listening to the music.
66. Nikol Pashinyan, has been elected as the Prime Minister of which country?

[A] Armenia
[B] New Zealand
[C] Singapore
[D] Vietnam
Answer: Armenia
Nikol Pashinyan, who is presently the acting Prime Minister of Armenia and a member of the Civil
Contract party, has won the recently held general elections for the Parliament. He has claimed a sharp
victory against his rival former President Robert Kocharyan. The acting PM has called for a poll with an
aim to end the political crisis that occurred after Armenian forces lost a six-week war against Azerbaijan
last year.
67. Which Indian state has announced cash awards for having the maximum number of children, in
one of its constituencies?
[A] Haryana
[B] Uttar Pradesh
[C] Bihar
[D] Mizoram
Answer: Mizoram
Robert Romawia Royte – the Sports Minister of Mizoram has announced a cash incentive of Rs. 1 lakh
for parents having maximum number of children in Aizawl East-2 assembly constituency. This
announcement was made on Father's day on the backdrop of increasing infertility and decreasing
growth rate in the district.
68. Which space agency launched Baby Squids into space for experimental purposes?
[A] ISRO
[B] ESA
[C] Roscosmos
[D] NASA
Answer: NASA
American space agency NASA has sent a few numbers of squids into space for experimental and
research purposes. These Hawaiian bobtail squids were raised at the University of Hawaii - Kewalo
Marine Laboratory and have been sent to space in a SpaceX resupply mission to the International Space
Station.
69. In which Indian state the field trials of the world's first genetically modified (GM) rubber has
commenced?
[A] Kerala
[B] Karnataka
[C] Tamil Nadu
[D] Assam
Answer: Assam
The Rubber Board of India has launched the field trials of the world's first genetically modified (GM)
rubber in Rubber Board’s Sarutari research farm – Guwahati, Assam. This variant has been developed by
the Rubber Research Institute of India (RRII) in Puthuppally, Kottayam, Kerala. The Government of Kerala
had earlier denied the field trials of GM crops in the state.
70. What type of satellite is ‘Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich, which was making news
recently?
[A] Ocean-Observing Satellite

[B] Communication Satellite

[C] Remote Sensing Satellite
[D] Navigation Satellite
Answer: Ocean-Observing Satellite
The Copernicus Sentinel-6 Michael Freilich was launched in November 2020. It is an Ocean-Observing
Satellite, dedicated to measuring sea-level rise. After six months of calibration works, the satellite has
recently started functioning. It was a mission of the European Union, being implemented along with ESA,
NASA and CNES French Agency. The Copernicus Sentinel-6B satellite will be launched in 2025.
71. Which scheme of providing additional food-grain to NFSA beneficiaries, has been extended till
November?
[A] PM KISAN
[B] PM Garib Kalyan Yojana
[C] PM Atmanirbhar Yojana
[D] PM Food grain Yojana
Answer: PM Garib Kalyan Yojana
The Cabinet has recently approved further allocation of additional foodgrain to National Food Security
Act (NFSA) beneficiaries under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Yojana (Phase IV) till November. Under the
scheme, the government will provide 5 kg foodgrains per person per month free of cost to maximum
81.35 crore beneficiaries covered under National Food Security Act (NFSA), including those covered
under Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT).
72. Which country is home to the world's largest variety of butterflies, as per a recent study?
[A] Colombia
[B] Fiji
[C] Papua New Guinea
[D] New Zealand
Answer: Colombia
As per a recent study published by the Natural History Museum, Colombia is home to the world's largest
variety of butterflies. The South American country has approximately 20% of all known species. An
international team of scientists prepared a document titled "Checklist of Colombian Butterflies." Over
200 butterfly species are found only in Colombia
73. Which state has rolled out ‘Electric Vehicle Policy 2021', to provide subsidies of up to Rs 1.5 lakh
on EVs?
[A] Odisha
[B] Gujarat
[C] Telangana
[D] Andhra Pradesh
Answer: Gujarat
Gujarat Chief Minister Vijay Rupani announced the 'Gujarat Electric Vehicle Policy 2021', which aims to
provide subsidies of up to Rs 1,50,000 on EVs. The policy is expected to benefit nearly 2 lakh buyers
over the next four years. It provides a subsidy of up to Rs 20,000 on electric two-wheelers, Rs 50,000 on
electric three-wheelers and Rs 1.50 lakh on electric four-wheelers. The subsidy will be credited to the
buyer's bank account through DBT.
74. Who is the head of the Delimitation commission on Jammu and Kashmir (J&K)?
[A] A K Sikri
[B] Ranjan Gogoi

[C] Ranjana Desai

[D] K V Kamath
Answer: Ranjana Desai
The Delimitation commission was set up six months after the abrogation of Article 370 and withdrawal
of J&K's special status in August 2019. The commission is headed by retired Supreme Court judge
Justice Ranjana Desai. Recently, the Commission held a meeting with deputy commissioners (DCs) of all
20 districts in J&K. This is ahead of the all-party meeting called by the Prime Minister, with the leaders
from J&K.
75. Which institution released a report titled 'Macroeconomics India: Economic shocks from 2nd
COVID wave will not be as severe as last year's'?
[A] IndRa
[B] Moody’s
[C] Goldman Sachs
[D] FICCI
Answer: Moody’s
Moody's Investors Service released a report titled 'Macroeconomics India: Economic shocks from 2nd
COVID wave will not be as severe as last year's'. In the report, it slashed India's growth projection to 9.6
per cent for 2021 calendar year, from its earlier estimate of 13.9 per cent. It also observed that faster
vaccination progress will be important in restricting economic losses to June quarter.
76. Indian Air Force and Indian Navy have participated in a ‘Passage-Exercise’ south of
Thiruvananthapuram, with which country’s Naval force?
[A] Sri Lanka
[B] USA
[C] UK
[D] Japan
Answer: USA
The Indian Air Force (IAF) and Indian Navy participated in a passage exercise with the carrier strike
group (CSG) of the US Navy. This exercise was carried out south of Thiruvananthapuram on the western
seaboard. On Indian front, Sukhoi aircraft, Jaguars, IAF refuelling aircraft and warships and maritime
patrol aircrafts participated.
77. As per Hurun Research and EdelGive Foundation report, who is the world’s biggest
philanthropist of the last century?
[A] Jamsetji Tata
[B] Bill Gates
[C] Henry Ford
[D] Azim Premji
Answer: Jamsetji Tata
As per Hurun Research and EdelGive Foundation report, India’s industrialist and Tata Group founder
Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata has been declared to be world’s biggest philanthropist of the last century. He
has made donations worth $102.4 billion. Bill and Melinda Gates have been ranked the second. Wipro
Founder and Chairman Azim Premji has been ranked at 12th position in the list.
78. What is the rank of India in the ‘Digital News Report 2021’, on levels of overall trust in news?
[A] 11
[B] 21
[C] 31

[D] 41
Answer: 31
The 10th edition of Digital News Report for the year 2021 has been released by Reuters Institute for the
Study of Journalism. It details the impact of COVID 19 pandemic on news consumption across the
globe. The report has been compiled based on the data collected from six continents and 46 markets,
which includes India, Indonesia, Thailand, Nigeria, Colombia, and Peru for the first time. India ranked 31
out of 46 countries on levels of trust in news.
79. When is the World Olympic Day or International Olympic Day celebrated every year?
[A] June 20
[B] June 23
[C] June 29
[D] June 30
Answer: June 23
Every year, the 23rd of June is celebrated as the World Olympic Day or International Olympic Day across
the globe. This day was first introduced in the year 1948, to commemorate the birth of the modern
Olympic Games on June 23, 1894, at the Sorbonne in Paris. This day aims to promote participation in
sport across the globe irrespective of age, gender, or athletic ability.
80. What is the main objective of Toycathon 2021?
[A] Developing robust antivirus system
[B] Conceptualizing innovation in toy making
[C] Training sportsmen for upcoming Olympics
[D] Skill Development for children
Answer: Conceptualizing innovation in toy making
The Union Minister Women and Child Development Smriti Zubin Irani along with Minister of State for
Education Sanjay Dhotre have virtually inaugurated the grand finale of Toycathon 2021. This is being
organized jointly by the Union Education Ministry along with 5 other ministries and aims to
conceptualize innovative toy making using locally made / available materials.
81. Mukhyamantri COVID-19 Pariwar Aarthik Sahayata Yojana is implemented by which state /UT?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Karnataka
[C] Delhi
[D] Assam
Answer: Delhi
The Government of Delhi has announced the implementation of Mukhyamantri COVID-19 Pariwar Aarthik
Sahayata Yojana in the UT. Under the scheme, a financial assistance of Rs.50,000 would be provided as
ex-gratia for the families which have lost a member due to COVID 19 disease and an additional Rs.2500
per month if the deceased member was the sole breadwinner of the family.
82. MSDC, an apex advisory body, formed in 1997, is associated with which Ministry?
[A] Ministry of Skill Development
[B] Ministry of Port, Shipping and Waterways
[C] Ministry of Education
[D] Ministry of Electronics and IT
Answer: Ministry of Port, Shipping and Waterways
Maritime State Development Council (MSDC) is an apex advisory body formed in 1997, for the
development of the Major and non-Major Ports. Recently, Union Minister of State (I/C) for Port, Shipping

and Waterways Mansukh Mandaviya chaired the 18th meeting of MSDC through a video conference. He
highlighted that the ‘Indian Port Bill 2021’ will ensure optimum management and utilization of the
coastline.
83. Which country won the inaugural ICC World Test Championship (WTC)?
[A] India
[B] New Zealand
[C] Australia
[D] England
Answer: New Zealand
New Zealand beat India in the inaugural ICC World Test Championship (WTC) Final to become the first
World Test Champion. This is New Zealand's first ICC title in two decades. New Zealand chased down
the 139-run target with eight wickets in hand on the reserve day of the final.
84. As per the UN data, what is the estimated number of widows across the world, as of 2021?
[A] 25 million
[B] 258 million
[C] 56 million
[D] 568 million
Answer: 258 million
To empower women and safeguard the rights of widows, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution
and declared June 23 as International Widows Day. International Widows Day is aimed at showing
solidarity with women who have lost their partners. As per the United Nations, there are an estimated
258 million widows around the world, and nearly one in ten live in extreme poverty.
85. When is the United Nations Public Service Day observed every year?
[A] June 20
[B] June 21
[C] June 23
[D] June 30
Answer: June 23
Every year, the United Nations Public Service Day is observed on 23rd of June. This day recognizes the
role of public service, stresses the importance of the same and recognizes the work of public servants
across the globe. The theme for this year is “Innovating the Future Public Service: New Government
Models for a New Era to Reach the SDGs”.
86. Union Cabinet of India approved agreement with which Caribbean country for tax information
exchange?
[A] St Vincent and the Grenadines
[B] Barbados
[C] Dominica
[D] Jamaica
Answer: St Vincent and the Grenadines
The Union Cabinet approved an agreement between India and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines for the
exchange of tax information and assistance in the collection. The agreement between India and St
Vincent and the Grenadines, will help in facilitate sharing of information held by the banks and other
financial institutions including the information regarding the legal and beneficial ownership.
87. Which Indian state is implementing the ‘Kaval Plus programme’?
[A] Tamil Nadu

[B] Kerala
[C] Karnataka
[D] Andhra Pradesh
Answer: Kerala
In December 2020, Kerala launched the pilot project of ‘Kaval Plus programme’, to support children in
need of care and survivors of sexual abuse in the state. After the success of the pilot project, the
Department of Women and Child Development in Kerala is set to expand Kaval Plus to five more
districts. It covers the children at homes, child care institutes, and those in the community outside the
ambit of child welfare committees.
88. Guillain-Barre Syndrome is reported to be associated with which vaccine?
[A] AstraZeneca-Oxford Vacccine
[B] Covaxin
[C] Sputnik
[D] Sinovac
Answer: AstraZeneca-Oxford Vacccine
Guillain-Barre Syndrome is a rare neurological disorder, in which the body's immune system attacks its
own protective coatings on nerve fibres. This syndrome was first reported in Europe and the UK among
some patients who undertook AstraZeneca-Oxford Covid-19 vaccine, but such a probability is found to
be small. The syndrome may start with extreme weakness that can eventually paralyse the entire body.
The vaccine is traded as Covishield in India, which also reported some cases.
89. What is the turnover limit of small and medium companies (SMC), as per the definition issued by
the Corporate Affairs Ministry?
[A] Rs 50 crore
[B] Rs 100 crore
[C] Rs 250 crore
[D] Rs 500 crore
Answer: Rs 250 crore
The Union Ministry of Corporate Affairs has enlarged and expanded the definition of small and medium
companies (SMC). As per the new definition, small and medium companies are unlisted entities which
are not banks, financial institutions or insurance firms. They should have a turnover of up to Rs 250
crore and borrowings up to Rs 50 crore in the immediately preceding accounting year.
90. Which organization has released the report titled World Drug Report 2021?
[A] WHO
[B] UNICEF
[C] UNESCO
[D] UNODC
Answer: UNODC
World Drug Report 2021 has been released by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
The report states that 275 million people used drugs worldwide in the year 2020 and that 36 million
people suffered from drug use disorders. The report further reveals that, in the last 24 years, the
cannabis potency has increased by about 4 times and the percent of adolescents who perceive drugs as
harmful fell by as much as 40%.
91. K K Shailaja, who has been awarded with the Central European University (CEU) Open Society
Prize, belongs to which state?
[A] Tamil Nadu

[B] Kerala
[C] Karnataka
[D] Assam
Answer: Kerala
Ms K K Shailaja – commonly known as “Shailaja Teacher”, the former Health Minister of Kerala has been
awarded with the Central European University (CEU) Open Society Prize, for her selfless commitment to
the public health services. This price is awarded to personalities of exceptional distinction who have
served the ideals of an open society.
92. Which Union Ministry implements the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (NMBA)?
[A] Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
[B] Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
[C] Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare
[D] Ministry of Law and Justice
Answer: Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
Union Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment implements the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan (NMBA).
Union Social Justice Minister recently launched the website for the Nasha Mukt Bharat Abhiyaan
(NMBA). Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment is the nodal ministry for Drug Demand Reduction in
India.
93. What is the theme of the ‘International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking’ 2021?
[A] Leaving None Behind
[B] Share Facts on Drugs, Save Lives
[C] Rehabilitation of Drug Users
[D] Sustainable Drug Prevention
Answer: Share Facts on Drugs, Save Lives
International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking is observed on June 26. The Day is observed
worldwide to strengthen action and cooperation in achieving the goal of a sustainable world free of
substance abuse. The theme of the Day this year is ‘Share Facts on Drugs, Save Lives’. The campaign
highlights key statistics and data drawn from UNODC’s yearly World Drug Report.
94. Which state has recently dropped interviews for all recruitments in government jobs?
[A] Tamil Nadu
[B] Andhra Pradesh
[C] Kerala
[D] Karnataka
Answer: Andhra Pradesh
The Andhra Pradesh Government has issued a formal order to dispense with the process of interviews
for all future recruitments into government service. The new system calls for only written examinations
would be conducted for all categories of posts, including Group-1 services. It aims to maintain
transparency and ensure trust of the competing candidates in the selection process.
95. ‘Grey List’, which was sometimes seen in the news, is associated with which institution?
[A] WHO
[B] FATF
[C] IMF
[D] WTO
Answer: FATF
Paris-based Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is the Global Watchdog dog for money laundering and

terror financing. When the FATF places a country in grey list, it means the country is subject to increased
monitoring. Recently, it added Malta, Haiti, the Philippines and South Sudan to its grey list of countries
and kept Pakistan on the list. It removed Ghana from the list after the country showed progress.
96. Abhishek Verma, who recently won a gold medal for India, is associated with which sports?
[A] Badminton
[B] Shooting
[C] Archery
[D] Boxing
Answer: Archery
Abhishek Verma created history by becoming the first man to win two World Cup gold medals in
individual compound archery. He recently won the gold in the men's individual compound event at the
Archery World Cup Stage 3, being held in Paris. He had previously won gold at the individual event in
Wroclaw in 2015.
97. Which organisation test-fired enhanced Pinaka rocket and Caliber Rockets?
[A] HAL
[B] DRDO
[C] ISRO
[D] L&T
Answer: DRDO
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully test fired an extended range
version of indigenously developed "Pinaka" rocket. 25 Enhanced Pinaka Rockets were test fired at
Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur off the coast of Odisha. The 122 mm Caliber rockets were
launched from a Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL).
98. Which country’s starter cryptocurrency accounts are named as ‘Chivo’?
[A] France
[B] El Salvador
[C] Venezuela
[D] Mauritius
Answer: El Salvador
El Salvador recently announced that the country is planning to give out starter cryptocurrency accounts
with $30 to promote its use. It was the first country to make bitcoin, a legal tender. The government will
allocate $120 million to establish 4 million starter Bitcoin accounts, or wallets named as ‘Chivo’. When
the law takes effect in September, accepting Bitcoin will not be mandatory rather it will be optional, as
per the Government.
99. Derek Chauvin, who was recently sentenced to 22.5 years, belongs to which country?
[A] Russia
[B] North Korea
[C] USA
[D] China
Answer: USA
A US court sentenced former police officer Derek Chauvin to 22 and a half years in jail for the murder of
George Floyd. His death created a huge outcry against racial injustice in the USA and across the world.
The Court went beyond the 12-and-a-half-year sentence prescribed under state guidelines. This is one of
the longest prison terms ever imposed on a US police officer.
100. As per the Draft National Space Transportation Policy, which entity authorises the rocket

launches from Indian or overseas territory?

[A] NSIL
[B] ISRO
[C] IN-SPACe
[D] DRDO
Answer: IN-SPACe
As per the Draft National Space Transportation Policy-2020 brought out by the Department of Space,
private companies will be allowed to establish and operate rocket launch sites within and outside the
country. Indian National Space Promotion & Authorization Center (IN-SPACe) would authorise any rocket
launch from Indian or overseas territory. It is an independent body constituted by the Government of
India, under the Department of Space (DOS).
101. Which company has acquired the Signal-rival messaging application Wickr?
[A] Google
[B] Amazon
[C] Microsoft
[D] Apple
Answer: Amazon
The Amazon subsidiary, Amazon Web Services (AWS) has acquired a messaging application Wickr. The
messaging application was founded in 2012. Wickr is considered as a rival to Signal platform, as it
boasts of strong encryption. This acquisition will help Amazon develop platforms for the military,
security-conscious firms and government agencies.
102. Which fruit is scientifically referred to as ‘Hylocereusundatus’?
[A] Dragon fruit
[B] Pear
[C] Kiwi
[D] Litchi
Answer: Dragon fruit
Scientifically referred to as Hylocereusundatus, the dragon fruit is called as ‘Kamalam’ in India, due to its
resemblance to a lotus flower. Recently, India exported its first consignment of the Dragon Fruit sourced
from the farmers of Sangli district, Maharashtra to Dubai, as per the announcement from the Ministry of
Commerce and Industry.
103. Which institution conducted the first LiDAR-based project to map water requirement within
forest areas?
[A] ISRO
[B] WAPCOS
[C] NPCC
[D] NHAI
Answer: WAPCOS
Union Environment Minister Prakash Javadekar released LiDAR-based reports, which map the water
requirement within forest areas in 10 states. WAPCOS, a PSU under the Jal Shakti Ministry conducted
this project. These reports will be used to enhance groundwater in forest areas so that animals come
out of forests in search of water.
104. What is the name of the new generation nuclear capable missile tested by the DRDO?
[A] Agni-P (Prime)
[B] Bhim

[C] Arjun-P (Prime)

[D] Bharat
Answer: Agni-P (Prime)
The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully flight tested the new
generation nuclear-capable ballistic missile, Agni-P from Dr APJ Abdul Kalam island off the coast of
Odisha. Agni P is an advanced variant of the Agni class of missiles and is a canisterised missile with a
range capability between 1000km and 2000 km.
105. NERAMAC, which was seen in the recent stimulus package, is associated with which sector?
[A] Agriculture
[B] Health
[C] Tourism
[D] Sports
Answer: Agriculture
Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced that the North Eastern Regional Agricultural
Marketing Corporation (NERAMAC) is to be revived with a package of Rs 77.45 crore. The Minister also
announced a credit guarantee scheme worth Rs 1.1 lakh crore for Covid-affected sectors with Rs 50,000
crore out of this for scaling up the healthcare sector. Rs. 23,220 crore more is earmarked for public
health with emphasis on paediatric care.
106. Which Indian state exported Burmese grapes (Leteku), Bao-dhaan (Red Rice) and KajiNemu
(Lemon), to foreign countries?
[A] West Bengal
[B] Bihar
[C] Assam
[D] Arunachal Pradesh
Answer: Assam
A shipment of fresh Burmese grapes referred as ‘Leteku’ in Assamese language has been recently
exported to Dubai from Guwahati by air route. APEDA facilitated the export of the fruits rich in vitamin C
and Iron. Recently, APEDA assisted in exports of the first consignment of ‘red rice’ to the USA and GI-
certified KajiNemu (Assam lemon) to London.
107. Kaluchak military station, which was in the news recently, is located in which Indian state/UT?
[A] Uttarakhand
[B] Sikkim
[C] Jammu & Kashmir
[D] Himachal Pradesh
Answer: Jammu & Kashmir
Kaluchak IAF station, is said to have witnessed an attack from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), using
highly explosive impact IEDs. This was the first time that UAVs were used to strike a strategic military
installation in India. A day after, the Army personnel spotted and fired at two drones said to be hovering
over the Kaluchak military station.
108. As per a recent report, Indian households invested around $40 billion in which asset, in 2020?
[A] Gold
[B] Cryptocurrency
[C] Real Estate
[D] Equity
Answer: Cryptocurrency

As per a recent report by Chainalysis, investments in cryptocurrency grew from about $200 million to
nearly $40 billion in the year 2020. The Reserve Bank of India, however expressed it has “major
concerns” about the asset class. Six months ago, the Indian government proposed a ban on trading in
digital coins.
109. Which city’s Suburban Rail Project, named India’s most integrated rail project, is set to
commence?
[A] Mumbai
[B] Bengaluru
[C] Chennai
[D] New Delhi
Answer: Bengaluru
The Bengaluru Suburban Rail Project (BSRP) was first proposed in 1983. The state government
announced that the project is set to commence soon. It will connect Bengaluru to its satellite townships,
suburbs, and surrounding rural areas, by a rail-based rapid-transit system. Rail Infrastructure
Development Company, Karnataka, (K-RIDE) is in charge of the project. It is expected to be completed by
2026 at an estimated cost of Rs 15,767 crore.
110. Which organisation released the report titled ‘Indigenous Peoples' Food System’?
[A] IMF
[B] NITI Aayog
[C] FAO
[D] UNICEF
Answer: FAO
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), along with the Alliance of Bioversity International and the
International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) released a new report, titled Indigenous Peoples'
Food System, Insights of sustainability and resilience from the front line of climate change. It identified
hundreds of diverse plant and animal species that Indigenous people around the world depend on, to
generate food sustainably and enhance biodiversity. The report also warned of increasing threats to
these sophisticated food systems.
111. Which constitutional post is being held by Mr K K Venugopal, who is set to be reappointed for a
period of one more year?
[A] Election Commissioner
[B] Attorney General
[C] UPSC Chairperson
[D] Comptroller and Auditor General
Answer: Attorney General
The Central Government is set to notify the reappointment of Senior Advocate K K Venugopal as
Attorney General for India for a period of one more year. Being a constitutional post, the Attorney
General for India is the top legal officer in the country. Mr Venugopal took over as the 15th Attorney
General for India on July 1, 2017 and he is 91 years old.
112. Baihetan hydropower plant is situated in which country?
[A] Japan
[B] China
[C] South Korea
[D] Philippines
Answer: China

Baihetan hydropower plant is said to be the world’s largest hydropower plant under construction. It is
situated on the Yangtze River in southwest China. Recently, two units of the plant generated electricity
for the first time. It is built by the China Three Gorges Corporation. Yangtze river is the longest river in
Asia.

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