Department of Education

Division of Lapu-Lapu City

MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

Effects of Modular Learning to the Grade 12-GAS B students of Mactan Senior

High School 2021-2022

A Research Paper

Presented to the

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Puso Center, Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

GENERAL ACADEMIC STRAND (GAS)

Researchers:

ANISCAL, SHILO

ANDO, MA. FATIMA ANGELI

BAHIO, MARQUIVIN

BAGNOL, IRA CAMILLE

ABING, JOHN MICHEAL

ATILLO, VINCE

CABIJE, MARY ANN

BANTOG, ALEJANDRA

ABERGAS, JOHN LESTER

BAHIO, ASHREIL

Researcher Teacher:

Melvin P. Villagorda Jr.

 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

CHAPTER 1

The Problem and Its Scope

Rationale of the Study

The pandemic caused a major shift in the course of events. It has changed

many things, including our style of communication with other people and our mode

of learning. Education is one of the affected sectors in our community, and it

resulted to suspension of classes to avoid spread of Covid-19 virus.

According to data, many students were hesitant to enroll because they

didn't realize how much money, time, and effort it would require. In the Philippines,

internet speeds are slower than in adjacent nations such as Singapore and Korea.

That is why it is critical to be considerate of the situation for both students and

educators. More students say they didn't understand much what is in the modules.

They even have difficulty understanding lessons during face to face, how much more

in modular learning.

In the Philippines, this learning modality is currently used by all public

schools because according to a survey conducted by the Department of Education

(DepEd), learning through printed and digital modules emerged as the most

preferred distance learning method of parents with children who are enrolled this

academic year (Bernardo, J). This is also in consideration of the learners in rural

areas where internet is not accessible for online learning.

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

However, it observed that students’ other advantages of modular

instruction include more choice and self-pacing for students; more variety and

flexibility for teachers and staff; and increased adaptability of instructional

materials. And the disadvantages include greater self-discipline and self-motivation

required for students, increased preparation time and lack of concrete rewards for

teachers and staff. Teachers’ tends to make sure to study in our own. Students

annoyed because teachers supposed to be teaching us the lessons word by word, but

in these online class, they help us become an independent students who will and

must find ways to understand the given lesson. Most of the students spends more

time on scrolling in social media accounts even in studying hours. But still gets the

answers of their tasks correctly because they do intensive searching.

Within the present necessity, this study is conducted to make the students

be aware that modular learning has a great impact on their academic performances

such as self-discipline and time management. The researcher aims to gather data of

students who are having difficulty and effortless in academic during modular

learning. This study would help the students to strengthen their knowledge about

modular learning, it can be positive or negative.

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

Theoretical Background

This study aims to assumes that modular learning has an impact to the

academic performance of Grade 12 GAS B students in Mactan National High School.

The study is anchored on A Description of Packet Theory developed by the

researchers Kirkpatrick (2002) and Church (2003).

A Description of Packet Theory has a great impact in this study because it

affects the students’ academic performances. There are numerous ideas of

conditioning and time that might be considered as well as modular (Church &

Kirkpatrick, 2001). However, this quality may be the most crucial for the

advancement of theoretical developments. The name packet theory comes from the

fact that it focuses on the decision module, which is the foundation for bouts of

responses. As a result, with this theory, it is able to compare the theory's output to

main behavioral data (i.e., precise times of occurrence of individual responses).

However, because the perception and memory modules are just as important as the

choice module, it may be more appropriate to refer to ours as a "modular model." It

is made up of the theory's foundational elements, as well as the inputs and outputs

of each of the constituents The time marker refers to stimuli reinforcers, or

responses that are clock inputs; the reinforcer also has characteristics that affect the

perceptual store, which is a function that connects the time of onset of a time

marker to the time of reinforcement, and strength memory, which is influenced by

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

the rate of reinforcement. Pattern memory uses the perceptual store as an input,

which is a function relating the expected time to the next reinforcement as a

function of time from the commencement of a time marker based on previous

experience. Pattern and strength memorization are used to make a response

decision.
This study assumes that Modular
Learning has an Impact on their
Academic Performances

Packet Theory VAK Theory

By: Kirkpatrick, Church, and Walter

Burke Barbe

Students;

1. Response
Grade 12- GAS B Students Learning
2. Focuses students Styles

3. Number of
students in digitized
and printed
Comparison and
Contrast

Analysis of the Result

Conclusion and
Recommendation

Proposed Activity

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

Figure 1. A Schematic Presentation of the Theoretical Background of the Study

Walter Burke Barbe and colleagues proposed learning modalities in

1979, and it is based on perception, feeling, and memory, with three learning styles:

visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic (i.e. recently known as VAK theory). According to

this approach, each learner will have a primary and secondary learning style (s).

This category, however, is further subdivided into two types: preference-based and

genetic-based learning styles. The concepts of acquired and developing learning

styles will be discussed. The learning style(s) we learn and develop throughout our

lives are referred to as acquired learning styles. This acquisition is based on our

needs. The developmental learning style, on the other hand, is developed genetically

in the brain and is nearly entirely controlled by characteristics such as inherited

intelligence. It is impacted by a multitude of elements, including the individual's

experience, intellectual levels, and personal characteristics, such as the

predisposition to engage in group or individual activities describes a learning style

model based on three modalities: visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic (VAK), and an

individual can have single or mixed modality strength. When teachers adapt their

instruction to the learning styles of their students, it can improve their motivation,

performance, and achievement.

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

Review of Related Literature

Modular learning, as the word connotes, uses learning modules that facilitate

students learning by themselves. Modular learning is a form of distance learning

that uses Self-Learning Modules (SLM) based on the most essential learning

competencies (MELCS) developed by the teachers with the aid of curriculum

developers. The modules include sections on motivation and assessment that serves

as teacher’s and students’ guides to achieve designed competencies.

Feedback mechanisms aid teachers in monitoring students’ achievement and

identify those who require follow-up interventions. Self-paced learning modules can

educate learners through carefully written guideposts that direct the learner on

what action to take. The contents of the learning module follow a particular model

that is known to make instruction effective.

There are many studies that show that reading in print improves the

understanding of information, as well as absorption and recall, which is essential for

the education of people of all ages, but especially for young people. Print has a

several advantages for students. It is extremely portable, cost effective, readily

available, and comfortable to use. Students do not need special equipment to use it,

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

and with adequate light, print materials can be used anywhere at anytime. Students

can review the materials at their own speed.

Digital learning can enhance learning experiences, save teachers time, enable

teachers to better tailor learning to student needs, aid in tracking student progress,

provide transparency into the learning process for all stakeholders, and much more.

Digital learning how better positive effects on learning motivation tat traditional

teaching does. Digital learning reveals better effects on learning outcome than

traditional teaching does. Learning motivation appears remarkably positive effects

on learning gain in learning outcome.

Grading provides students with feedback on their own learning, clarifying for

them what they understand, what they do not understand, and where they can

improve. Grading also provides feedback to instructors on their students’ learning,

information that can inform future teaching decisions.

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

Related Studies

Scholars generally agree that modular degrees have many advantages for

students in terms of their capacity to offer flexibility, choice, access and mobility. It

is also widely argued that modular structures may be beneficial to universities in

that they potentially allow institutions to respond to the needs of employers.

Positive aspects include increased discipline and activity of students, the

inevitability of mastering new technologies, increased independence and general

outlook of students, the ability to independently study new courses, increased

interest in learning, etc.

Disadvantages of modular learning includes the following: not all students do

their modules wholeheartedly; some parents spoil their children and do the deed

instead of their children; some students tend to copy their answers from others

without reading the module; many students said they actually never learn from the

modules; modules are formality cause and not internalized by students.

Overdependence on technology can be a major drawback in distance learning

mode of education, especially when the learning takes place in an online

environment. Any malfunctioning software or hardware can bring an ongoing class

to a standstill and interrupt the learning process.

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

Some modules do not have clear instructions and explanations so students

have a hard time answering them. The pictures in the modules are not clear and the

provided answer lines are too short. The modules have a lot of exercises, and the

students lack motivation and focus.

THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

This study assesses the effects of modular distance learning to the grade 12

GAS B students of Mactan Senior High School Students S. Y. 2021-2022

Specifically, this study shall seek answers to the following questions:

1. What is the modality of the respondents in terms of the following:

1.1 Printed; and

1.2 Digitized?

2. What is the academic performance of the respondents?

3. Is there any significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and

the academic performance?

4. Based on the findings, what kind of blended modality can be proposed?

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

Null Hypothesis

There is no significant relationship between the profile and the academic

performance of the respondents.

Significance of the Study

The researchers believe that the findings accumulated by this study would

provide significant benefits to the following individual:

teachers will be able to determine the effects of students to the modular

learning and can help the students who have negative effects in their academic

performances;

students will be able to have awareness in their modular learning and will

know the effects of this kind of learning to their academic performances;

parents will be able to know and understand the performance of their

children to the modular learning;

researchers will be provided with a springboard to pursue an investigation

parallel to the study.

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This part of the study discusses the methods used, the sources of data

used in this study, and the procedure of how data are gathered.

Design

The researcher used correlational method for the research, since it is

suitable for explaining the gathered data on the effects of modular learning to the

grade 12 Gas -B student of Mactan senior high School. The description of the data

will greatly ain in understanding about the effects of modular learning in Grade 12

GAS - B student. The data was gathered using self - structured survey questionnaires.

Flow of the Study

Figure 2 presents how the flow of the study covers the the entire research activities.

The input of this study included the results of the questionnaire survey, and the

number of students who are involved, in order to determine the effects of these

instances on their academic performances.

Environment

The study is conducted at Mactan National High School (MNHS). This

institution is located at Mactan Lapu-Lapu City. This school is a public school and a

non-sectarian school, continuing their services into molding new generation

students into a productive individual in the future. The buildings of infrastructures

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

and new facilities are still going on in order to provide full support for the students

in this school. At present, MNHS offers complete basic education program; Senior

High School (Grade 12-GAS B).

INPUT PROCESS
Positive and negative Statistical Treatment
effects of the students OUTPUT
involved on their Understand Analysis of
Proposed Activity
academic performance. Data

Interpretation of Data

Figure 2. Flow of the Study

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

Figure 3. Environment

Respondents

The subjects of the study were randomly selected from the Grade 11

stundents in the academic strand of Mactan National High Shool (MNHS) . They

were chosen using the stratified sampling. With stratified sampling, the population

is divided into groups, based on some characteristic. Then, within each group, a

probability sample (often a simple random sample) is selected. This sample is

chosen based on the characteristics of a population and the objective of the study,

thus, can be of help in this study.

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

Research Instrument

The instruments used in gathering data were self structured survey

questionnaire which contains questions that support the topic and would serve as a

guide and structured interview. For the use of questionnaire, the researchers will

gather data in survey forms. These survey will contains subjective questions. With

these methods, the gathered data serves as proof or evidence to help the study and

to help rhe readers fully understand the study. The researchers use self constructed

questionnaires to find the possible effects of modular learning in grade 12 GAS-B

student of Mactan. The respondents were asked to rate the following questions from

5-1 means 5 highly agree, 4-agree,3neutral,2- disagree and 1 higly disagree. The

researchers use this instrument to gather and tally information in order to interpret

the possible effects of modular learning in Grade 12 Gas-B student of Mactan

National High School. The end of semester results were used to measure learner

performance. The online self-regulated learning questionnaire (Barnard, Lan, To,

Paton, & Lai, 2009) is applied to measure the students performance of modular

learning in Grade 12 GAS B students.

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

Data- gathering Procedure

Moreover,the findings revealed that there is no enough evidence to conclude

that there is significant relationship of the students perception to the academic

performance of the GAS B 12 students using the new method of teaching modular

distance learning Approach amid COVID-19 pandemic.

Treatment of Data

This study used tools that are quantitative to assist the analysis and

interpretation of the gathered data:

1. A chi-square statistic was used to measure how expectations compare to

actual observed data. The data used in calculating the chi-square statistic in

this study were random, raw, mutually exclusive, drawn from independent

variables and were drawn from a sufficient sample.

2. A linear and correlation was used. This is the most commonly used

techniques for investigating the relationship between two quantitative

variables. Correlation is used to quantify the strength of the linear

relationship between a pair of variables, while regression expresses

the relationship in the form of an equation.

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

DEFINITION OF TERMS

For better Understanding of this Study the following Terms are define in the Context

of this Research.

Effects. In this study there are two effects on the student in learning which are

Negative and Positive effects in the study of the student.

Modular Learning. It is the way on how the students study in the New

Normal.

Covid 19. It is the thing that hindrance the study of the student on face to

face classes.

Student. This is the respondents that encountered many struggles during

this time of pandemic. Grade 12 GAS B. This is the section morely experience

Negative effects in to the study during this time of pandemic.

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

Sampling Design

The researcher used purposive random sampling in getting the

respondents of Grade 12 Gas-B student. The entire population of the grade 12 gas-B

student is 10 and it would be the researchers sample of the research. They will be

surveyed and answer the self structured questionnaire as the will give data’s and

information about the effect of modular learning of grade 12 gas- B student

Research Procedure

This chapter gives an outline of research methods that were followed in

the study. It provides information on the participants, what is criteria for inclusion

in the study, who the participants, were and how they were sampled. The

researcher describes the research desing that was chosen for the purpose of this

study and the reason for this choice. The instrument that was use for data collection

is also describe and the procedure that were followed to carry out this study are

included. The researcher also discusses the method used to analyze the data . Lastly,

the ethical issues that were followed in the process are also discussed.

References

Guilhardi, P., Yi, L., & Church, R. M. (2007). A modular theory of learning and

performance. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(4), 543-559.

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 Department of Education
Division of Lapu-Lapu City
MACTAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City

Dargo, J. M., & Dimas, M. (2021). Modular Distance Learning: Its Effect in the

Academic Performance of Learners in the New Normal. JETL (Journal of Education,

Teaching and Learning), 6(2), 204-208.

Talimodao, A. J. S., & Madrigal, D. V. (2021). Printed Modular Distance Learning in

Philippine Public Elementary Schools in Time of COVID-19 Pandemic: Quality,

Implementation, and Challenges. Philippine Social Science Journal, 4(3), 19-29.

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