LINUX

FUNDAMENTAL
GETTING STARTED WITH LINUX
Contents

TRAINING OBJECTIVE BASIC TOPOLOGY LINUX OS WEB & DATABASE

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Training Objective

• Accessing • Install Apache

L E A R N B A S I C A PA C H E &
command line Web Server
• Managing files • Enable, start,

LEARN BASIC UNIX

and directory stop Apache
•

POSTG RE S QL
Creating, Web Server
Viewing, and • Install
Editing Text PostgreSQL DB
Files • Enable, start,
• Managing stop
local linux PostgreSQL DB
users and • Backup and
groups Restore
• Controlling PostgreSQL DB
access to files

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GET CLOSER WITH
WEB
INFRASTRUCTURE

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WEB BROWSER WEB SERVER

Basic Topology
Components
APPLICATION DATABASE
SERVER SERVER

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WHAT IS WEB BROWSER?

A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for accessing

information on the World Wide Web.
Each individual web page is identified by a distinct Uniform Resource Locator (URL),
enabling browsers to retrieve these resources from a web server and display them on a
user's device.
Example of web browser are Google Chrome, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox.

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WHAT IS WEB SERVER?

A Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to serve the files
that form Web pages to users.
The main job of a web server is to display the website content.
Example of web server are Apache, Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS), NGINX.

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WHAT IS APPLICATION SERVER?

An application server is is a software framework that provides both facilities to create web
applications and a server environment to run them.
Application Server usually sits between Web Server and Database or another backend.
Example of application server are Java application servers, .NET Framework, PHP
application servers, mobile application servers.

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WHAT IS DATABASE SERVER?

A Database Server is a computer that is dedicated to database storage. The database server
holds the Database Management System (DBMS) and the databases.
A database server can be defined as a server dedicated to providing database services.
Such a server runs the database software.
Example of database software are PostgreSQL Database, MYSQL Database, Oracle
Database.

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• Front-End Layer (Blue): This layer is where technologies such as Logical Topology
HTML, CSS, and Javascript create the look and feel of our
application.
Design
• Application Layer (Green): This is the middle layer where business
and presentation logic work together to deliver the response
back to the users

• Database Storage Layer (Orange): This layer is where data is

stored and is what enables a data rich application
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GETTING STARTED
WITH LINUX

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WHAT IS LINUX?

Linux is the best-known and most-used open source operating system. Linux operating
system kernel first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux is typically
packaged in a Linux distribution (or distro for short).

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WHAT DISTRO SHOULD I CHOOSE?

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LINUX COMMAND STRUCTURE

$ contoso @ host : /etc $ <command> -<option>

Username

Hostname

Working directory

Inputed command

Command option

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ABSOLUTE VS RELATIVE PATH

ABSOLUTE PATH

Absolute path is used to designate folders in the

root file system. Absolute path is used by using
the slash (/) sign at the beginning of the
Relative path is used to designate folders under
directory.
the working directory

contoso @ host : /etc $ cd /home/contoso

contoso @ host : /home $ cd contoso

RELATIVE PATH

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Files in Linux are case sensitive it means File1
and file1 are different.
All files are case
$ ls
winter.txt Winter.txt
sensitive!
$ cat winter.txt
It is cold.
$ cat Winter.txt
Renaming file system with
It is very cold! different capitalization could
make system misbehave!

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LINUX DOESN’T CARE WITH FILE EXTENSION
Linux recognize file type by file’s metadata with file utility and classified it into two types:
1. Regular File
2. Special File
Use file utility for determine file type.
$ file pic33.png
pic33.png: PNG image data, 3840 x 1200, 8-bit/color RGBA, noninterlaced
$ file /etc/passwd
/etc/passwd: ASCII text

For special file case like file in /dev and /proc folder, use file utility with –p options.
# file /dev/sda
/dev/sda: block special
# file -p /dev/sda
/dev/sda: x86 boot sector; partition 1: ID=0x83, active,
starthead...

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LINUX
FILE SYSTEM

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Visual linux file
system
Where is my D: drive?
Where is Program Files?

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FOLDER MANAGED BY SYSTEM

Bin/Sbin Run/Srv
Collection of applications used by the Folder that used when Linux runs
command in the terminal environments and applications

Boot Sys/Proc
Collection of applications needed by Linux to Collection of applications that Linux used to
boot maintain the environment

Lib Tmp
Collection of application that are dependencies Folder used by applications to store temporary
from bin/sbin data

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 /DEV FOLDER

Contains reference to all the CPU peripheral hardware, which are represented as files with
special properties, like:
1. CPU
2. Memory
3. Disk (sda files)

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 /ETC FOLDER

The folder used by Linux to store all configurations relating to the operating system and
applications installed in Linux, system administrators will often interact with this folder.

/etc/init.d
Is a collection of configurations from bash scripts for start/stop daemons

/etc/sysconfig
Is a collection of configurations related to the main operating system

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 /OPT AND /USR FOLDER

The /opt and /usr folder is "Program Files" on the Linux operating system. This folder is
used to store the master file installation results for applications that are not the main
dependencies for the operating system.

• /opt folders are used by third-party applications that are manually installed (usually not
through the package manager).
• /usr folders are used by applications installed through the package manager.

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 /VAR FOLDER

• It is a folder containing files that will grow as long as the Linux system is used, such as log
files, run files, and crash files.
• By default for web servers using this folder to store files that will be rendered by the web
server.

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 MANAGING USER

MANAGING
LINUX
MANAGING
Linux Administrator
USER
ADMINISTRATOR
FILE
Tasks

CONFIGURE
SERVICES

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THANK YOU !
END OF CHAPTER 01

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