Domestic abuse, according to (Women’s Aid ) it is an incident or pattern of incidents of

controlling, coercive, threatening, degrading and violent behavior, including sexual violence,
in the majority of cases by a partner or ex-partner, but also by a family member. In the vast
majority of cases it is experienced by women and is perpetrated by men.”

Many women experience different forms of violence just because they are women. These
include domestic violence, sexual harassment, rape, sexual violence.

Domestic abuse can include, but is not limited to, the following:

1. Coercive Control (a pattern of intimidation, degradation, isolation and control with the
use or threat of physical or sexual violence) Threats to hit, injure, or use a weapon are a
form of psychological abuse.

2. Physical or sexual abuse occurs when the abuser coerces or attempts to coerce the
victim into having sexual contact or sexual behavior without the victim's consent. This
often takes the form of marital rape, attacking sexual body parts, physical violence that
is followed by forcing sex, sexually demeaning the victim, or even telling sexual jokes at
the victim's expense. Includes hitting, biting, slapping, battering, shoving, punching,
pulling hair

3. Financial or economic abuse takes place when the abuser makes or tries to make the
victim financially reliant(depending on someone’s money). Economic abusers often seek
to maintain total control over financial resources, withhold the victims access to funds,
or prohibit the victim from going to school or work. (example; adto padong ang kwarta
sa partner nga wala mutrabaho; once a princess ERICH nd JC)

4. Psychological and/or emotional abuse involves the abuser invoking fear through
intimidation; threatening to physically hurt himself/herself, deflating the victim's sense
of self-worth and/or self-esteem

5. Harassment and stalking can include following the victim, spying, watching, harassing,
showing up at the victim's home or work, sending gifts, collecting information, making
phone calls, leaving written messages, or appearing at a person's home or workplace.
These acts individually are typically legal, but any of these behaviors done continuously
results in a stalking crime.

6. Online or digital abuse refers to online action or repeated emailing that inflicts

substantial emotional distress in the recipient. (common to the students or people who
are exposed on social medias)
What Causes Domestic Violence?

What causes domestic violence to become the norm for an abuser? Most domestic
abusers grew up witnessing domestic abuse and violence in their own homes. They
learned to view physical and emotional violence as valid ways to vent anger and cope
with their own internal fears and self-perception issues. The modeling they saw while
growing up gets reinforced in these ways:

 Using violence and abuse tactics worked to solve problems for them in the past
 They have established tremendous control over others through abuse tactics
 No one has stopped them or reported them to authorities

Common triggers that set off an abuser:

 Disagreement with their intimate partner

 Protracted periods of unemployment
 Financial issues
 Desperation when partner threatens to leave
 Anger escalation
 Humiliation stemming from problems at work or other perceived failures
 Jealousy and envy