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    IP LEC 6

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    16 views16 pages

    Internet Programming: Fourth Grade (Lecture 6)

    Uploaded by

    Kawther Haider

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 16

    AL-Iraqia University

    Network Engineering Department

    Internet programming
    Fourth Grade
    ( Lecture 6 )

    Assistant lecturer: Sura Nasser


    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    Conditional statements
    While writing a program, there may be a situation when you need to adopt one
    out of a given set of paths. In such cases, you need to use conditional
    statements that allow your program to make correct decisions and perform right
    actions.
    JavaScript supports conditional statements which are used to perform
    different actions based on different conditions.
    If Statement
    The ‘if’ statement is the fundamental control statement that allows JavaScript
    to make decisions and execute statements conditionally.
    Syntax
    if (expression)
    {
    Statement(s) to be executed if expression is true
    }
    Here a JavaScript expression is evaluated. If the resulting value is true, the
    given statement(s) are executed. If the expression is false, then no statement
    would be not executed. Most of the times, you will use comparison
    operators while making decisions.
    Example:
    <html>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    var age = 6;
    if ( age >= 5 ){
    document.write("<b>Ready to go to School !</b>");
    }
    //-->
    </script>
    <p>Set the variable to different value and then try...</p>
    </body>
    </html>

    2
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    if...else Statement
    The ‘if...else’ statement is the next form of control statement that allows
    JavaScript to execute statements in a more controlled way.
    Syntax
    if (expression){
    Statement(s) to be executed if expression is true
    }else{
    Statement(s) to be executed if expression is false
    }
    Example:
    <html>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    var age = 4;
    if ( age >= 5 ){
    document.write("<b>Ready to go to School !</b>");
    }else{
    document.write("<b>Sorry, can't go to school now :(</b>");
    }
    //-->
    </script>
    <p>Set the variable to different value and then try...</p>
    </body>
    </html>

    3
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    if...else if... Statement


    The ‘if...else if...’ statement is an advanced form of if…else that allows
    JavaScript to make a correct decision out of several conditions.
    Syntax
    if (expression 1){
    Statement(s) to be executed if expression 1 is true
    }else if (expression 2){
    Statement(s) to be executed if expression 2 is true
    }else if (expression 3){
    Statement(s) to be executed if expression 3 is true
    }else{
    Statement(s) to be executed if no expression is true
    }

    Example:
    <html>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    var grade = 85;
    if ( grade >= 90)
    document.writeln("A");
    else if ( grade >= 80)
    document.writeln("B");
    else if ( grade >= 70)
    document.writeln("C");
    else if ( grade >= 60 )

    4
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    document.writeln("D");
    else
    document.writeln("F");
    //-->
    </script>
    <p>Set the variable to different value and then try...</p>
    </body>
    </html>

    Switch-case statement
    The objective of a switch statement is to give an expression to evaluate and
    several different statements to execute based on the value of the expression.
    The interpreter checks each case against the value of the expression until a
    match is found. If nothing matches, a default condition will be used.
    switch (expression)
    {
    case condition 1: statement(s)
    break;
    case condition 2: statement(s)
    break;
    ...
    case condition n: statement(s)
    break;
    default: statement(s)
    }

    5
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    Example:
    <html>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    var letters='C';
    document.write("Entering switch block<br />");
    switch (letters)
    {
    case 'A': document.write("This is a letter A<br />");
    break;
    case 'B': document.write("This is a letter B<br />");
    break;
    case 'C': document.write("This is a letter C<br />");
    break;
    case 'D': document.write("This is a letter D<br />");
    break;
    case 'F': document.write("This is a letter F<br />");
    break;
    default: document.write("other letter<br />");
    }
    document.write("Exiting switch block");
    </script>
    <p>Set the variable to different value and then try...</p>
    </body>
    </html>

    \\

     Break statements play a major role in switch-case statements. Try the


    following code that uses switch-case statement without any break
    statement.
    6
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    <html>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    var letters='C';
    document.write("Entering switch block<br />");
    switch (letters)
    {
    case 'A': document.write("This is a letter A<br />");
    case 'B': document.write("This is a letter B<br />");
    case 'C': document.write("This is a letter C<br />");
    case 'D': document.write("This is a letter D<br />");
    case 'F': document.write("This is a letter F<br />");
    default: document.write("other letter<br />");
    }
    document.write("Exiting switch block");
    </script>
    <p>Set the variable to different value and then try...</p>
    </body>
    </html>

    Loops
    While writing a program, you may encounter a situation where you
    need to perform an action over and over again. In such situations, you
    would need to write loop statements to reduce the number of lines.

    7
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    The while Loop


    The most basic loop in JavaScript is the while loop. The purpose of a while
    loop is to execute a statement or code block repeatedly as long as an expression
    is true. Once the expression becomes false, the loop terminates.
    Syntax
    while (expression){
    Statement(s) to be executed if expression is true
    }

    Example:
    <!DOCTYPE html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta charset = "utf-8">
    <title>Class Average Program</title>
    <script>
    var total; // sum of grades
    var gradeCounter; // number of grades entered
    var grade; // grade typed by user (as a string)
    var gradeValue; // grade value (converted to integer)
    var average; // average of all grades
    total = 0; // clear total
    gradeCounter = 1;
    while ( gradeCounter <= 10 ) // loop 10 times
    {
    // prompt for input and read grade from user
    grade = window.prompt( "Enter integer grade:", "0" );
    // convert grade from a string to an integer
    gradeValue = parseInt( grade );
    // add gradeValue to total
    total = total + gradeValue;
    // add 1 to gradeCounter
    gradeCounter = gradeCounter + 1;
    } // end while
    average = total / 10; // calculate the average
    document.writeln("<h1>Class average is " + average + "</h1>" );
    </script>
    </head><body></body>
    </html>

    8
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    The do...while Loop


    The do...while loop is similar to the while loop except that the condition
    check happens at the end of the loop. This means that the loop will always be
    executed at least once, even if the condition is false.
    Syntax
    The syntax for do-while loop in JavaScript is as follows:
    do {
    Statement(s) to be executed ;
    } while (expression);

    Note: Don’t miss the semicolon used at the end of the do...while loop.

    9
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    Example 1:
    <html>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    var input1;
    var number;
    var count=0;
    input1= window.prompt( "Enter integer number:", "0" );
    number = parseInt( input1 );
    document.write("<h3>Let's Start The Loop</h3>");
    do{
    document.write("Current number is : " + count + "<br />");
    count++;
    }while (count <= number);
    document.write ("<h3>The Loop is finished</h3>");
    </script>
    <p>Set the variable to different value and then try...</p>
    </body>
    </html>

    10
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    Example 2:
    <html>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    var count=1;
    document.write("<h3>Let's Start The Loop</h3>");
    do{
    document.write("<p><font size='"+count+"'>Font Size is : " + count
    + "</font></p>");
    count++;
    }while (count <= 5);
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>

    11
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    The for Loop


    The ‘for’ loop is the most compact form of looping. It includes the following
    three important parts:
    • The loop initialization where we initialize our counter to a starting
    value. The initialization statement is executed before the loop begins.
    • The test statement which will test if a given condition is true or not. If
    the condition is true, then the code given inside the loop will be executed,
    otherwise the control will come out of the loop.
    • The iteration statement where you can increase or decrease your
    counter.
    You can put all the three parts in a single line separated by semicolons.
    Syntax
    The syntax of for loop is JavaScript is as follows:
    for (initialization; test condition; iteration statement)
    {
    Statement(s) to be executed if test condition is true
    }

    Example 1:
    <html>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    var count;
    var input1;
    var number;
    input1= window.prompt( "Enter integer number:", "0" );
    number = parseInt( input1 );
    document.write("Let's Start The Loop" + "<br />");
    for(count = 0; count < number; count++)
    {
    document.write("Current number is : " + count );
    document.write("<br />");
    }
    document.write("The Loop Is finished!");
    </script>
    <p>Set the variable to different value and then try...</p>

    12
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    </body>
    </html>

    Example 2:
    <html>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    var count;
    document.write("<table border='1'>");
    for(count = 0; count < 5; count++)
    {
    document.write("<tr><td>Current number is : </td>" );
    document.write("<td>"+count+"</td></tr>");
    }
    document.write("</table>");
    </script>
    <p>Set the variable to different value and then try...</p>
    </body>
    </html>

    For-In Loop
    The for...in loop is used to loop through an object's properties. As we have
    not discussed Objects yet, you may not feel comfortable with this loop. But
    once you understand how objects behave in JavaScript, you will find this loop
    very useful.

    13
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    Syntax
    The syntax of ‘for..in’ loop is:
    for (variablename in object){
    statement or block to execute
    }

    Example:
    <html>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    var aProperty;
    document.write("Navigator Object Properties<br /> ");
    for (aProperty in navigator)
    {
    document.write(aProperty);
    document.write("<br />");
    }
    document.write ("Exiting from the loop!");
    //-->
    </script>
    </body>
    </html>

    The break Statement


    The break statement, which introduced briefly with the switch statement, is
    used to exit a loop early, breaking out of the enclosing curly braces.
    Example:
    <html>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    var count;
    document.write("<h3>Start of the loop</h3>");
    for(count = 0; count < 5; count++)
    { if (count == 3){
    break; // breaks out of loop completely
    }
    document.write( count+ "<br />");

    14
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    }
    document.write("<h3><font color='red'>End of the loop!</font></h3>");
    //-->
    </script>
    <p>Set the variable to different value and then try...</p>
    </body>
    </html>

    The continue Statement


    The continue statement tells the interpreter to immediately start the next
    iteration of the loop and skip the remaining code block. When a continue
    statement is encountered, the program flow moves to the loop check
    expression immediately and if the condition remains true, then it starts the
    next iteration, otherwise the control comes out of the loop.
    Example:
    <html>
    <body>
    <script type="text/javascript">
    <!--
    var count;
    document.write("<h3>Start of the loop</h3>");
    for(count = 0; count <= 5; count++)
    { if (count == 3){
    continue; // skip to the rest of the loop body
    }
    document.write( count+ "<br />");
    }
    document.write("<h3><font color='red'>End of the loop!</font></h3>");
    //-->

    15
    Internet Programming LEC. 6 Asst. Lec.: Sura Nasser

    </script>
    </body>
    </html>

    16

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