Problem 7.

10 Express the following complex numbers in polar form:

(a) z1 = 3 + j4
(b) z2 = −6 + j8
(c) z3 = −6 − j4
(d) z4 = j2
(e) z5 = (2 + j)2
(f) z6 = (3 − j2)3
(g) z7 = (−1 + j)1/2

Solution: √ −1
(a) z1 = 3 + j4 = + 32 + 42 ∠ tan (4/3) = 5∠53.13◦ .
(b)
!" −1 (8/6)
# ◦ ◦
62 + 82 e− j tan = 10e− j53.13 · e j180
+
z2 = −6 + j8 = −(6 − j8) = −
◦
= 10e j126.87 .

(c)
!" −1
# ◦ ◦
+ (4/6)
z3 = −6 − j4 = −(6 + j4) = − 62 + 42 e j tan = 7.21e j33.7 · e− j180
◦
= 7.21e− j146.3 .
◦
(d) z4 = j2 = 2e j90 .
!" −1
#2 !√ ◦ 2
# ◦
+
(e) z5 = (2 + j)2 = 22 + 12 e j tan (1/2) = 5 e j26.56 = 5e j53.13 .
(f)
!" −1 (2/3)
#3 ! ◦ 3
# ◦
32 + 22 e− j tan = 3.61e− j33.69 = 46.9e− j101.1 .
+
z6 = (3 − j2)3 =

(g)

z7 = (−1 + j)1/2 = [−(1 − j)]1/2

! " −1
#1/2
+
= − 12 + 12 e− j tan 1
◦
= [−1.414e− j45 ]1/2
◦ ◦
= [1.414e− j45 · e j180 ]1/2
◦
= [1.414e j135 ]1/2
◦
= ±1.19e j67.5 .

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