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Troubleshooting Problems with Chromatogram

Many problems in the LC system show up as changes in the

chromatogram. Some of these can be solved by changes in the equipment;
however, others require modification of the assay procedure. Selecting the
proper column type and mobile phase are keys to “good chromatography.”

Peak Tailing

Peak Fronting

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Split Peaks

Distortion of Larger Peaks

Distortion of Early Peaks

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Tailing, early peaks more than later ones

Increased Tailing as k’ Increases

Acidic or Basic Peaks Tail

Extra Peaks

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Retention Time Drifts

Abrupt Retention Time Changes

Baseline Drift

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Baseline Noise (Regular)

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Baseline Noise (Irregular)

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Broad Peaks

Loss of Resolution

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All Peaks too Small

All Peaks too Large

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