MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TEACHNICAL

EDUCATION
VIDYAVARDHINI'S
BHAUSAHEB VARTAK POLYTECHNIC
Academic year:2021-22
ONLINE INDUSTRIAL TRAINIG REPORT ON

L & T Ltd.
Program/ Code: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (ME)
Course/Code:22057
Name Candidate : Hardik Dattatray Kharkhandi
Roll no: 2139
Enrollment No: 1917380061
Sem:- 5th
Name of Mentor :Mr. Ravi Devkar.

1
 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF

TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate of completion of

industrial training

This is to certify that Mr. Hardik D. Kharkhandi Enrollment No.

1917380061 has successfully completedIndustrial Training (22057) in
Larsen And Toubro Ltd. From (3rd AUG TO 21st AUG) for partial
fulfillment towards completion of Diploma in Mechanical
Engineering from Bhausaheb Vartak Polytechnic,Institute code-1738

Signature Seal of Signature

Head of the Department Institute Head of the Institute

2
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The online case study and report making I had with Larsen And
Toubro Ltd. was a great chance for learning and skills
developments. Therefore, I consider myself as a very lucky
individualas I was provided with an opportunity to be a part of it. I
am also grateful for having a chance to learn about how a company
works during the internship period.

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my mentor

Prof. Ravi Devkar. As well as our principal who gave me the
permission to do online internship on Larsen And Toubro Ltd. and
guided me during the internship period. They guide and keep me on
the correct path and helped me to carry out my internship. Also
giving me necessary advices and arranged all the facilities which
made my internship easier.

3
 ABSTRACT
I did my online industrial training (Report making) on Larsen And
Toubro. L& T Ltd. The internship report contains six chapter in which
I try to explain my six-week research experience on the Company. The
content of all the chapters is broadly explained in report.

In the opening chapter I give the details of the company

background including their vision and mission. In this chapter I
have put all the history and record of the company with some award
achievements of the company and also employee’s welfare and
social responsibilities.

4
 INDEX

SR no. CONTENT Page no

Chapter 1
 Introduction.
 History.
1.  Employees 7 to 12
 Company Struction
 Listing And Shareholding
 Shareholders
Chapter 2
 L&T – MHI Power Boilers Private Limited.
 Offerings
2.  Features and Merits 13 to 24

 Boiler - Applications
 Typrs Of Boilers
 Task On Materials Used In Boilers
Chapter 3
 Heavy Engineering
 Coal Gasification Projects
3.  Power Plant Projects 25 to 31
 Oil & Gas Projects
Chapter 4
 Product Testing And Validation
4.  End To End Testing 32 to 34
 Security Testing
 Test Automation And Test Consulting
 Intelligent Testing
 IOT/5G Testing
5
 Chapter 5

 Achieving Safety Compliance Amidst 34 to 38

Evolving Industry Practices
5.
 A Strategic Approach for Holistic Safety
Solutions

 Minimizing Risk Incidents through Data

Analytics

 Disruptive Forces Impact PPE

 Transforming the Future of the Process

Industry

Chapter 6

 Healthy & Safety

 Digitalisation In Ehs - Virtually Safe
 Safety Credo 39 to 41
6.  Construction Accidents
 Flixborough
 Major Accident

6
 Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Larsen & Toubro Ltd, commonly known as L&T, is an Indian
multinational conglomerate, with business interests
in engineering, construction, manufacturing, technology and financial
services, headquartered in Mumbai. It was founded by two Danish
engineers taking refuge in India. As of 2020, L&T Group comprises 118
subsidiaries, 6 associates, 25 joint-venture and 35 joint operations
companies, operating across basic and heavy engineering, construction,
realty, manufacturing of capital goods, information technology, and
financial services.

HISTORY
Larsen & Toubro originated from a company founded in 1938 in
Mumbai by two Danish engineers, Henning Holck-Larsen and Søren
Kristian Toubro. The company began as a representative of Danish
manufacturers of dairy and allied equipment. However, with the start of
the Second World War in 1939 and the resulting blockade of trade lines,
the partners started a small workshop to undertake jobs and provide
service facilities. Germany's invasion of Denmark in 1940 stopped
supplies of Danish products. The war-time need to repair and refit and
degauss ships offered L&T an opportunity, and led to the formation of a
new company, Hilda Ltd, to handle these operations. L&T also started to
repair and fabricate ships signalling the expansion of the company. The
sudden internment of German engineers in British India (due to
suspicions caused by the Second World War), who were to put up a soda
ash plant for the Tata's, gave L&T a chance to enter the field of
installation.
In 1944, ECC (Engineering Construction & Contracts) was incorporated
by the partners; the company at this time was focused on construction
projects (Presently, ECC is the construction division of L&T). L&T
began several foreign collaborations. By 1945, the company represented
7
British manufacturers of equipment used to manufacture products such
as hydrogenated oils, biscuits, soaps and glass. In 1945, the company
signed an agreement with Caterpillar Tractor Company, USA, for
marketing earth moving equipment. At the end of the war, large numbers
of war-surplus Caterpillar equipments were available at attractive prices,
but the finances required were beyond the capacity of the partners. This
prompted them to raise additional equity capital, and on 7 February
1946, Larsen & Toubro Private Limited was incorporated.
After India's independence in 1947, L&T set up offices in Calcutta
(now Kolkata), Madras (now Chennai) and New Delhi. In 1948, 55 acres
of undeveloped marsh and jungle was acquired in Powai, Mumbai. A
previously uninhabitable swamp subsequently became the site of its
main manufacturing hub. In December 1950, L&T became a public
company with a paid-up capital of ₹20 lakh (equivalent to ₹18 crore or
US$2.5 million in 2019). The sales turnover in that year was ₹1.09
crore (equivalent to ₹97 crore or US$14 million in 2019). In 1956, a
major part of the company's Mumbai office moved to ICI House
in Ballard Estate, which would later be purchased by the company and
renamed as L&T House, its present headquarters.
During the 1960s, ventures included UTMAL (set up in 1960), Audco
India Limited (1961), Eutectic Welding Alloys (1962)
and TENGL (1963).
In 1965, L&T had been chosen as a partner for building nuclear reactors.
Dr. Homi Bhabha, then chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission
(AEC) had in fact first approached L&T in the 1950s to fabricate critical
components for atomic reactors. He convinced Holck-Larsen, a friend
with whom he shared an interest in the arts that the company could do it,
indeed must do it. L&T has since contributed significantly to the Indian
nuclear programme ... Holck-Larsen was once asked by a junior
engineer why L&T should get into building nuclear power plants when
companies in the US and Germany were losing money on nuclear
jobs. He replied: 'Young man, India has to build nuclear power plants. If
not L&T, who will do it?'

8
During the 1970s, L&T was contracted to work with Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO). Its then chairman, Vikram Sarabhai,
chose L&T as manufacturing partner. In 1972, when India launched its
space programme, L&T was invited to participate.
In 1976, ECC bid for a large airport project in Abu Dhabi. ECC's
balance sheet, however, did not meet the bid's financial qualification
requirement. So it was merged into L&T. ECC was eventually
rechristened L&T Construction and now accounts for the largest slice of
the group's annual revenue.
In 1985, L&T entered into a partnership with Defence Research and
Development Organisation (DRDO). L&T was not yet allowed by the
government to manufacture defence equipment but was permitted to
participate in design and development programmes with DRDO. After
the design and development was done, L&T had to hand over all the
drawings to DRDO. The government would then assign the production
work to a public sector defence unit or ordnance factory for
manufacture. After a series of successes and positive policy initiatives,
L&T today makes a range of weapon and missile systems, command and
control systems, engineering systems and submarines through DRDO.

EMPLOYEES
As on 31 March 2019, the company had 44,332 permanent employees,
out of which 2,822 were women (5.29%) and 90 were employees with
disabilities (0.1012%). At the same period company had 2,93,662
employees on contract basis.

COMPANY STRUCTION
Three key products/services which L&T is engaged in are: Construction
and project-related activity; manufacturing and trading activity; and
engineering services. For administrative purposes, L&T has been
structured into five broad categories:
9
 Construction – this covers Buildings & Factories, Heavy Civil
Infrastructure, Transportation Infrastructure, Power Transmission &
Distribution, Water & Effluent Treatment, Metallurgical & Material
Handling and Smart World & Communication;
 EPC Projects – this includes Hydrocarbon Engineering, Power and
Power Development;
 Manufacturing – this includes Defence Equipment & Systems, Heavy
Engineering, Construction, Mining & Industrial Machinery, Industrial
Valves and Electrical & Automation Systems;
 Services – this includes Realty, Information Technology, Technology
Services and Financial Services.
 Others – this includes Hyderabad Metro, Infrastructure Development
Projects and corporate functions.

LISTING AND SHAREHOLDING

The equity shares of the company are listed on the Bombay Stock
Exchange (BSE) and the National Stock Exchange of India (NSE).
The company's shares constitute a part of the BSE SENSEX of
the BSE as well as the NIFTY 50 index of the NSE.Its global
depository receipts (GDR) are listed on the Luxembourg Stock
Exchange and London Stock Exchange.

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 SHAREHOLDERS
Shareholders as of 31 March 2020

Percenta
Major holder
ge

Promoters 0.00

Institutional
54.22
Investors

Government 0.38

Other Investors 24.43

Public 20.98

Total 100.00

Headquarters : L&T House, Ballard Estate,

Mumbai, Maharashtra,
India.
Area served : Worldwide

11
 Key people : Anil Manibhai Naik
(Chairman)
S. N. Subrahmanyan
(MD & CEO)

 R. Shankar Raman
(CFO)
Products : Heavy equipment
Electrical equipment

Services : Power generation, Infrastructure,

Construction
 Heavy industry, IT Services, Rapid
transit
 Financial Services, Shipbuilding, Real
estate
 Defence.

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 Chapter 2
L&T – MHI Power Boilers Private Limited (Formerly known as
L&T-MHPS Boilers Private Limited) has established state of art
manufacturing facility for Pressure Parts and Pulverisers for super
critical boilers at Hazira in Gujarat. The current installed capacity is
5000 MW per year. The facility has systems, processes, machinery,
manufacturing capabilities which are the best in its class. Today we can
boast of creating such a facility in India which is unique and augurs well
for the Indian Power Equipment requirement.
In Pulveriser manufacturing facility, the plant layout is designed for
optimum movement of material. Also many of the production
accessories are designed and facilitated to achieve the ergonomic
workstation design to reduce the fatigue of the people working in the
area.
There has been lot of thrust and emphasis on system driven approach
since inception and MPW has put lot of emphasis on training and
development of workforce skill development.
This has lead to development of a strong technical team with proficiency
in super critical boiler fabrication. Along with MPW, we have run
various training and skill development programs. More than 400 people
have been trained in their areas of activities with the active participation
of MPW experts, this covered detail Manufacturing Procedure for
Header, Pipe, Panel and Coils.
For the on job Shop Floor experience a MPW Technical Advisory Team
has been placed at L&T-MHI Power Boilers Hazira Manufacturing
Complex to assist the Engineers and Supervisors in fabrication activities.

13
With their in depth knowledge and proficiency in manufacturing of
Super critical boilers, we have been able to develop our workforce too.
After starting the full load production a Quality Patrol Team has been
formed including the MPW and L&T – MHI Power Boilers persons.
This team takes in frequent visits in fabrication shops and suggests
various measures for improvement. These suggestions are related to
safety, improving productivity and quality of products.
The manufacturing shops are equipped with a combination of various
imported and indigenous machines.
Workmen are developed as multi skilled fabricators in order to carry out
the manufacturing of different pressure parts for supercritical boilers.

Offerings

 Supercritical boilers of 500 MW and above range

 SH & RH temperature up to 605 degrees Celsius
 Low NOx burners (A-PM) as standard
 Two pass design with divided back pass
 Front and side mill arrangements
 Vertical wall as standard
 Spiral wall can also be offered

Features and Merits

Sr. No FEATURES MERITS

A FURNACE WALL
o Vertical wall o Easier manufacturing and simpler
construction as construction
standard
14
o MPW has largest o Low mass flux compared to spiral
number of wall and hence lesser pressure drop
sliding pressure o Lesser field joints
vertical wall o Less slag accumulation
supercritical o Less thermal stresses
units in operation o Simpler supporting arrangement
o Rifled tube
construction In
high heat flux
zone

15
B FIRING
ARRANGEMENT
o Circular corner o Less steam temperature imbalance
firing (CCF) with between left and right leads
twin fire vortex o Uniform heat flux in the furnace
o Less burner heat input
as standard

16
C COAL FIRING
SYSTEM
o Use of MACT o High ignition ability under low O2
(Mitsubishi condition
Advanced o Reduced NOx emmisions
o Reduced unburn carbon loss
Combustion
o Low excess air (15%) increases
Technology) with boiler efficiency
APM (Advanced
Pollution
Minimum) burner
and additional air
port
D RH
TEMPERATUR
E CONTROL
o Use of gas biasing o Pressure control of RH temperature is
damper in the achieved
second pass as o No RH spray under steady state
primary control operation
o Additional tilting
mechanism for
burners as a
secondary control
o Interstage
attemperation as
emergency control

E SUPERHEATER
CONFIGURATIO
N
o Use of three stage o Better creep properties
superheater
17
 o Use of inter stage o Reduced steam oxidation leading
attemperation to higher availability as compared
to T91 materials

USE OF
ADVANCED
F RELIABLE
MATERIALS FOR
HIGH
TEMPERATURE
APPLICATIONS

o CC2328 (SA213 o Better creep properties

UNS S30432) in o Reduced steam oxidation leading
SH & RH to higher availability as compared
applications to T91 materials
o Above material
has been
devloped by
MPW in
collaboration
with tube
manufacturers for
supercritical and
ultra supercritical
boilers
o Non-usage of
T91 materials in
heating zone

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 BOILER - APPLICATIONS
• In Industries – where process steam / captive power is reqd.
• Paper and Pulp Industry
• Sugar mills • Oil & Gas industries i.e., refineries, petrochemical
complex etc.,
• Textile industries • Cement industry • Aluminium industry
• Steel industries
• Chemical industry and many more..
• In power generation plants – where power is exported to grid
• All coal based power generating station.

TYPRS OF BOILERS
Industrial Boiler:-Used for generation of process steam for industrial
purpose, small capacity boilers.

Utility Boiler:-Used for power generation purpose in major power

plants.

Fire Tube Boilers:-Fire tube boilers consist of long steel tubes through
which hot flue gases from the furnace pass and water around the flue
gets heated to form steam and gets collected in the vessel from where it
is tapped. These boilers are limited to small capacity and pressure range
only.

19
Water Tube Boilers:-In Water tube boilers, water flows in tubes and
hot flue gases pass around the tubes (also known as heating surfaces).
These boilers are generally used for power generation purpose.

Vertical Boiler:-In the vertical boilers, the axis of the shell is vertical
e.g.-simple vertical boiler and Cochran boilers.

Horizontal Boiler:-In the horizontal boilers, the axis of the shell is

horizontal e.g.-Lancashire boiler, Locomotive boiler and Babcock and
Wilcox boiler.

Stoker Fired:-Coal is fed onto one end of a moving chain grate. As the
grate moves along, the coal burns before dropping off at the end as ash.
Coal must be uniform as large lumps will not burn completely before
reaching the end of the grate.

Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC):- Fluidized bed combustion (FBC)

has emerged as a viable alternative and has significant advantages over
conventional firing system and offers multiple benefits – compact boiler
design, fuel flexibility, higher combustion efficiency and reduced
emission of noxious pollutants such as SOx and NOx. The fuels burnt in
these boilers include coal, washery rejects, rice husk, bagasse & other
agricultural wastes. The fluidized bed boilers have a wide capacity
range- 0.5 T/hr to over 100 T/hr.

20
Pulverized Coal Fired:- Most coal-fired power station boilers use
pulverized coal, and many of the larger industrial water-tube boilers also
use this pulverized fuel. This technology is well developed, and there are
thousands of units around the world, accounting for well over 90% of
coal-fired capacity.
TASK ON MATERIALS USED IN BOILERS
This Task is related with those materials which are used in boilers. In
different parts of the boilers (e.g.- tubes, pipes and plates etc. ), different
types of materials are used as per their requirements. The following
charts are plotted between the Maximum allowable stresses and the
Temperatures. In all the charts, Horizontal axis represents the
temperature in 0 C and the vertical axis represents the maximum
allowable stress in MPa.
1.Tubes

21
2. Pipes

3. Plates

22
4. Fittings

5. Forgings

23
6. Castings

24
 Chapter 3
HEAVY ENGINEERING
L&T Heavy Engineering is one of the world's leading manufacturing
organisations for technology-intensive custom-made equipment, with a
reputation in global markets. It manufactures and supplies critical
equipment and systems for core sectors such as Refinery, Petrochemical,
Fertiliser, Power (including Nuclear) as well as Defence and Aerospace.
Its activities are organised under selfreliant Strategic Business Units
(SBUs), each specialising in specific industry sectors. New products and
manufacturing technologies are developed at three Technology
Development Centres. Its state-ofthe-art manufacturing facilities - which
meet the challenges of technology, quality conformance and delivery
and ensure cost competitiveness - are located at: ! Powai (Mumbai) !
Hazira (Surat) - a super-heavy manufacturing complex with its own
waterfront ‘Load On’ and ‘Ro-Ro’ jetties ! Ranoli (Vadodara) - a facility
that handles stainless steels, nonferrous, exotic materials and advanced
composite materials ! Coimbatore (in Tamil Nadu) - a precision
manufacturing facility ! Talegaon (near Mumbai) - a weapon systems
and sensors integration complex ! Bangalore - a strategic electronics
centre for avionics ! Sohar, Oman - a joint venture with The Zubair
Corporation for the fabrication of heavy equipment, catering primarily to
the GCC region. HE’s significant contributions include: ! World's largest
coal gasifier, for a petrochemical complex in China ! Longest product
splitter for Saudi Arabia ! Largest ammonia converter for Australia !
Biggest FCC regenerator, for world's largest refinery in India ! Largest
tubular reactor for Kuwait petrochemical complex ! Heavy hydro-
cracker & hydro-treator reactors ! High pressure heat exchangers !
World's single largest order for reactors on a single supplier (22 Nos.,
valued USD 421mn), from KNPC Kuwait.

25
 COAL GASIFICATION PROJECTS
L&T is the leading manufacturer of ey asification equipment. L&T has
supplied 9 gasifiers to various projects in China and 2 gasifiers to
Vietnam. The list of esteemed customers include Yuntianhua Group,
Shenhua Group, Datang Intrnational Power Generation Co. and Hebi
Coal & Electricity Co. At present, L&T is manufacturing gasifiers as per
Lurgi Design for Jindal's DRI project in Angul. L&T is also qualified for
supplying gasifiers as per Philips 66, GE, KBR, Siemens among other
gasification technology providers.

26
The world’s largest coal gasifier manufactured by L&T being erected at
a project site in China

A section of a coal gasifier being exported to Vietnam

POWER PLANT PROJECTS

HIGH PRESSURE & LOW PRESSURE FEED WATER HEATERS
No Supplied / under execution : Over 200 nos. (HP) : Over 100 nos.
(LP) Power Plant Capacity : 800 MW (max.)
Types : Horizontal, Veryical (With Channel
up & Channel Down)
WATER COOLED STEAM SURFACE CONDENSER
Nos. Supplied / under execution : Over 70

27
Power Plant Capacity : 800 MW (Max.)
Types : Rectangular & Circular (Top / Axial
Entry, Twin Shell Single Pressure/
Double Shell dual Pressure)

OIL & GAS PROJECTS

EQUIPMENT SUPPLY
• Columns, vessels, heat exchangers for onshore and offshore oil & gas
project
• Modules and skid-mounted equipment such as separators and
manifolds, gas dehydration packages,
water treatment skids, etc.
• Skid mounted/mobile pumping systems for crude transportation
• Well servicing & wireline winches for oilfield duties

28
 GAS-TO-LIQUID (GTL) REACTORS
L&T is qualified to take up challenge of manufacturing GTL reactors
by leading process licensors and EPC Contractors.

WASTE HEAT RECOVERY BOILERS

(for sulphur recovery)

29
SLUG CATCHERS
Dimensions : 3700 mm dia x 99 mm thk x 18288 mm T/T
Weight : 220 MT.
Material : SA 516-70
Supplied to Saudi Aramco Shedgum Gas Project through Black &
Veatch Pritchard, U.S.A in 1999.

COMPREHENSIVE WELDING CAPABILITIES

Continuous improvement in welding technology has led to the
development of over 5000 welding procedures qualified as per
international codes and standards - ASME, BS, EN/ISO, AS/NZ - for a
variety of materials in a range of thickness (0.5 to 800mm) covering the
complete spectrum of welding processes. Specialised fabrication
facilities include 100,000 class dust-free enclosures with areas of 1000
sq. m. and 400 sq. m

30
31
 Chapter 4
PRODUCT TESTING AND VALIDATION
As a pure-play engineering services organization, one of our key strengths lie
in embedded software. With all your products going digital, there has never
been a more critical time to onboard a reliable testing partner who can work
on quality assurance of a range of embedded technologies such as 5G, ML,
IoT, across multiple industries. LTTS’ reusable and robust testing
accelerators/frameworks enable superior quality, improved test execution,
rapid delivery, and enhanced reporting along with Agile/DevOps
methodology.

END TO END TESTING TO END TESTING

 Unit Testing
 Integration Testing
 Protocol Testing
 UI Testing (Desktop, Web, Mobile)
 Performance Testing
 System/Product Testing
 User Acceptance Testing
 Certification support
 Tool qualification

SECURITY TESTING
 Security Assessment
 Security Consulting
 Vulnerability Test

32
 Penetration Test
 Fuzz Test
 Threat modelling and analysis
 Cybersecurity Test

TEST AUTOMATION AND TEST CONSULTING

 Test Automation assessment and ROI analysis
 Automated Test Equipment (ATE) Development
 Test Automation with HIL, SIL, MIL
 Mobile, Desktop, Web Application testing
 Reliability Consulting
 Hardware Virtualization Solutions
 Automation framework Development

INTELLIGENT TESTING

 AI/ML led Quality Assurance

 Analytics based Quality Assurance
 Integration with CI/CD pipeline
 Test Case prioritization/optimization
 Defect analysis and traceability
 Test data management

33
 IOT/5G TESTING
 End to End Testing of IoT applications/systems
 IoT Usability, Compatibility, Scalability Testing
 Hardware, Device, Connectivity, Cloud and Application Testing
 API, Microservices Testing
 NR UE Test
 Access NW Test- ORAN Test
 Core NW component Test
 ONAP Service Orchestration Test

34
 Chapter 5

ACHIEVING SAFETY COMPLIANCE AMIDST EVOLVING

INDUSTRY PRACTICES

Regulatory compliance in the process industry is fast evolving owing to

fragmented processes and business growth. This gives rise to an array of
challenges such as skill gap, regulatory and compliance issues and, most
importantly, an increase in workplace safety costs. The latter is directly
linked to the rising rate of accidents and injuries at the workplace,
ineffectual risk analysis, and inefficient forecasting. To ensure safety
management, achieve compliance, and identify potential hazards, the
process industry has adopted conventional methods such as Hazard and
Operability Study (HAZOP).
Another way around these challenges is to leverage the engineering and
design expertise that the industry applies to manufacturing. The need of
the hour is to embrace a new model of process safety management, one
that decomposes the problem into its constituent components and
addresses each comprehensively and synergistically to cover all bases.
In tandem, it is necessary to leverage the power of digital technology to
deliver complete safety solutions. This will ensure improved working
conditions and instill greater trust in workers.

A Strategic Approach for Holistic Safety Solutions

On the factory floor, critical safety concerns revolve around manual

installation, operation or servicing of machinery, and electrical safety.
To design workflows and protocols that minimize worker injuries, the
first step is to carry out detailed inspection for a comprehensive analysis
of existing workflows, assess the degree of risk, and identify areas of
concern.
Insights derived through this process then inform the conceptualization
of specific and targeted interventions that can address these lacunae. The
solution is first articulated in a virtual form which then undergoes
refinement through subsequent iterations. This constitutes the first and
35
most critical phase of machine risk assessment and solution
development.
In the next phase, chosen designs are prototyped and mounted on 3D
replicas of the machinery for testing and fine-tuning. Then follows
fabrication, assembly and the installation of safety guarding systems
with every step being subjected to careful supervision in accordance
with safety guidelines.
A similar process must be followed for electrical safety, which starts
with a thorough inspection, identification of risk areas, and development
of detailed plans for risk mitigation and management. Relevant
evaluations include load flow, short circuit, relay coordination, and
ground grid studies. Based on the findings, settings on devices can be
modified to help ensure equipment protection, minimize arc flash, and
reduce system disruption. Another outcome takes the form of optimized
sequences of operation for protective devices.
In all instances, it is essential to enlist the services of Certified
Machinery Safety Experts or Electrical Safety Experts as these
individuals are familiar with industry standards and machine safety
legislation.

Minimizing Risk Incidents through Data Analytics

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), more than

600 work-related accidents occur every minute. Concerned over the
rising rate of such incidents, even those organizations that started off
with a brick-and-mortar presence are now digitalizing their factory floor
operations primarily to adapt and ensure safety.
With the onset of Industry 4.0, supply chains are benefitting from
increased intelligence through connected machinery on the factory floor
which allows for real-time supervision and provides predictive alerts.
These mechanisms can be actively leveraged to mitigate safety risks and
boost productivity.
As advanced data analytics delivers insights at every level, accidents are
being averted through automated alerts, statistical analysis, forecasting,
36
and extrapolation. Such predictive analytics delivers significant benefits
– take for instance a subsidiary of a major manufacturing company that
reduced workplace safety incidents by more than three quarters.
Workplace safety and equipment monitoring go hand in hand. Several
industries rely on digital visualization to effectively monitor remote
areas that are otherwise difficult to access. In this way, the Industrial
Internet of Things (IIoT) has found use in the predictive maintenance of
equipment.
This development is particularly valuable for industries where workers
are routinely exposed to hazardous working environments. The payoff
that is likely to emerge, in terms of improved health and safety,
productivity, efficiency, output quality, revenue and market share,
compensates substantially for the initial investment necessary to deploy
IIoT-based safety management.

Disruptive Forces Impact PPE

Wearables have revolutionized the entire concept of personal protective

equipment (PPE), and are no longer limited to safety elements or gloves.
With the addition of sensors to existing manufacturing infrastructure,
information is harvested, transmitted and analyzed to predict risks and
avert them on time. Cloud connectivity increases the speed and
efficiency of data sharing with stakeholders; in this case, the workers
themselves.
Along these lines, major engineering service companies have begun to
install radio chips in workers’ helmets and sensors on their equipment to
enable constant vigilance and prevent health issues and tragic situations.
Ultimately, this translates into long-term cost-savings and enhanced
compliance.
Other new technologies such as augmented reality and virtual reality
enable inspections to be carried out more efficiently. By simulating
expected conditions, diagnosing problems, and finally assigning them to
safety maintenance groups, these breakthrough technologies equip
inspectors with valuable visual-based tools.
37
Forecasts indicate that digitized plants are the future of manufacturing,
where connected machines will collaborate with one another and work
more efficiently. At the same time, digital technology, when integrated
with machine safety and electrical safety protocols and solutions will
open up new avenues for process safety management.

Transforming the Future of the Process Industry

Strategic design thinking enables a holistic approach to the complex and

pressing problem of worker safety. Implementing streamlined protocols
for addressing machine and electrical safety on a regular basis goes a
long way toward significantly reducing casualties.
Further, embracing digital technologies allows manufacturers to
transcend the basic requirements of regulatory compliance and actively
create policies to ensure commitment toward the safety and well-being
of their workers. This system can be rounded out with employee
insurance and first-aid services.
With the implementation of such policies, manufacturers deepen an
ethos of trust between themselves and their workforce, guaranteeing
enhanced performance, productivity, and output.
However, the benefits don’t end there. Effectively integrating smart
technologies into manufacturing lays the foundation for the process
industry to enter the digital future with greater confidence in its ability to
embrace a wider range of emerging technologies while catering to varied
demands. This will bolster the spirit of innovation and help create a
more diversified range of offerings, enabling delivery of all-round value
to clients.

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 Chapter 6

Health & Safety

L&T is committed to providing a safe and healthy workplace across
campuses and project sites. It is our endeavor as an organisation to
ensure that every task, job or assignment is performed in a safe manner.
Our safety systems are extended to contractors working at our premises,
and we encourage our suppliers to establish safety management at their
premises.
The corporate Environment, Health and Safety (EHS) Policy
demonstrates our commitment to an accident-free workplace along with
the management framework to be deployed across businesses. To stay
relevant, the policy is periodically reviewed by the senior management.

DIGITALISATION IN EHS - VIRTUALLY SAFE

Digitalisation is extensively used across L&T’s businesses as a key

enabler to improve safety performance. It is used to create e-learning
modules at project sites, and devise virtual reality-based training
modules. It also plays a key role in designing safety cards for reporting
unsafe acts/conditions, incident investigation, safety inspection,
improved Safe Operating Procedures (SOPs) to reflect changing work
methods, EHS suggestion systems; to name a few. A digital walk
through a combination of hardware (smart glass) and software solutions
are used to observe project progress, safety, quality, workmen welfare
and administration from a remote location.
The construction sector which has been a brick-and mortar industry both
literally and metaphorically for years, is now transforming with the use
of smart technologies. The project sites now use RFID tags to track
material entering a site, along with advanced geospatial techniques and
Internet of Things. Digitalisation also empowers engineers by
eliminating mundane activities, and helping them focus on progressive
and more productive areas.

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 The most significant of these smart initiatives is the ‘BIM for Safety’
which is transforming the way EHS functions. BIM comprises 3D-
models embedded with data and information, and has been an excellent
platform to share resources and improve co-ordination. This path-
breaking technology is used to enhance safety at work sites through
identification and mitigation of risks, making a paradigm shift in EHS
performance.
BIM for Safety was launched with a three-pronged mission to:
 Reduce incidents through BIM tools
 Empower EHS personnel
 Effectively engage with other project stakeholders to improve safety
on a daily basis

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 RESOURCES/REFRANCE -:
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larsen_%26_Toubro
https://www.larsentoubro.com/
2. https://ficci.in/events/20682/ISP/SMishra-Larsen-Toubro.pdf
https://lntcmb.com/about-us/environment-health-safety/
3. https://corpwebstorage.blob.core.windows.net/media/45950/lnt-
integrated-report-2020-21.pdf

4. https://www.larsentoubro.com/heavy-engineering/products-
services/process-plant/oil-gas/

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