Accepted Manuscript

Mass transport on chemicalized fourth-grade fluid propagating

peristaltically through a curved channel with magnetic effects

Ambreen A. Khan, Fouzia Masood, R. Ellahi, M.M. Bhatti

PII: S0167-7322(18)30195-8
DOI: doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.115
Reference: MOLLIQ 8757
To appear in: Journal of Molecular Liquids
Received date: 12 January 2018
Revised date: 22 February 2018
Accepted date: 26 February 2018

Please cite this article as: Ambreen A. Khan, Fouzia Masood, R. Ellahi, M.M. Bhatti
, Mass transport on chemicalized fourth-grade fluid propagating peristaltically through
a curved channel with magnetic effects. The address for the corresponding author was
captured as affiliation for all authors. Please check if appropriate. Molliq(2017),
doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2018.02.115

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 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Mass transport on chemicalized fourth-grade fluid propagating peristaltically
through a curved channel with magnetic effects
a
Ambreen A. Khan a , Fouzia Masood , R. Ellahi a , M. M. Bhatti b,c ,1

a
Department of Mathematics & Statistics, FBAS, IIUI, Islamabad, Pakistan
b
Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai
200072, China
c
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai

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200072, China

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Abstract: This paper communicates the mass transport on chemicalized fourth-grade fluid

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model propagating peristaltically through a curved channel in the presence of an external magnetic

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field. The normalized governing equations of mass, momentum, and concentration are simplified

using lubrication approximations (i.e. “a long wavelength and small (or zero) Reynolds number”).
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The resulting equations are featuring the nonlinear third order derivative in axial velocity
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presenting contributions of the fourth-grade fluid model. Coordinate transformations have been
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employed to map the governing equations from fixed frame to wave frame. The obtained nonlinear

boundary value problem is solved using a regular perturbation method and presented the
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expressions for velocity distribution, pressure gradient, and concentration distribution. Numerical

results are explored using a computational software Mathematica. Trapping mechanism is also
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discussed by drawing streamlines. Streamlines have a vital importance in the analysis of fluid
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flow. The present model is beneficial in the study of intrauterine fluid dynamics as well as it is also

applicable in vivo diagnostic, drug delivery, food diagnostic, protein chips, DNA chips, cell chips

and packaging, i.e., smart sensors.

Keywords: Peristaltic motion; fourth-grade fluid; analytical results; chemical reaction; magnetic

field; curved channel.

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1. Introduction

Peristalsis appears for transporting several physiological fluids via symmetrical expansion and

reduction of smooth muscles in a wave propagation down towards channel/tube along the direction

of flow. This motion is involved in ovum motion in the female fallopian tube, spermatozoa motion

in cervical canal of males, advancement of a bile-in-bile funnel, urine segment from a kidney to the

bladder, Chyme movement in stomach and water carriage from ground to upper branches of tall

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trees, etc. This phenomenon is also applicable in various biomedical devices, i.e., hose pumps,

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finger and roller pumps that use it to force blood, slurries and other liquids. In multiple industrial

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processes, it includes in caustic fluid motion, movement of slurries fluid and noxious fluids.

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Mekheimer [1] used the couple stress fluid model to analyze the non-uniform peristaltic motion

through a channel and presented the exact solutions. Later, Mekheimer [2] used the similar
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mathematical modeling and assumptions [1] and introduced the application of endoscope in a

peristaltic phenomenon. More afterward, Misra et al. [3] explain the bio-magnetic viscoelastic
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model with applications towards the estimation of blood motion through arteries in the presence of
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electromagnetic hyperthermia. Further, he presented a therapeutic process for the cancer

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treatment. Tripathi et al. [4] gave a mathematical model for the peristaltic motion oh Chyme

movement in a small intestine in the presence of long wavelength and very small (or zero)
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Reynolds number. Ellahi et al. [5] considered the peristaltically induced motion of couple stress
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fluid through a three-dimensional compliant rectangular channel. They presented the exact

solution under the similar assumption proposed by Tripathi et al. [4]. Recently, Bhatti et al. [6]

discussed the slip effects on the peristaltic motion of blood propagating through a tube. They also

examined the endoscope effects and friction forces for both outer and inner tubes. Further, they

presented exact solutions using lubrication approach. Shit et al. [7] also addressed the role of slip

velocity on the asymmetric peristaltic motion in a digestive system by considering a particle size
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effect. Abbas et al. [8] examined the drug delivery in the magnetized non-uniform peristaltic

motion of Jeffrey blood model. They used perturbation method to obtain the series solution and

discussed the pumping characteristics as well as the friction forces. Bhatti et al. [9] used a

two-phase model in the presence of heat transfer to analyze the peristaltic motion. Further, he

assumed that the viscosity of the blood is not constant and presented a clot blood model. Recently,

Akbar et al. [10] discussed a peristaltic motion of water contains the copper oxide nanoparticles in

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the presence of heat transfer.

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Moreover, a chemical reaction known as first order provided that the reaction rate is

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directly proportional to the concentration. In all those industrial procedures where the flow and

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mass transfer through a moving surface are involved, the diffusing species can be absorbed or

generated with ambient fluid by the chemical reaction which is not only shake the flow
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significantly but also affect the features and nature of a final product. Such processes occur in

various industrial applications like production of the polymer, production of glassware or

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ceramics, food processing chemical reaction that occurs between imported mass and fluid for
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moving plate [11,12]. Furthermore, chemicalized mass transport plays an essential role in the

processes like drying, cooling of nuclear reactors, evaporation at the surface of water body,
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thermal insulation, flow in a desert cooler, geothermal reservoirs, enhanced oil recovery, thermal
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recovery processes, study of hot salty springs in sea, etc. [13]. Peristalsis with mass transfer is very

useful in medical operations to increase the mass transport such as blood oxygenator. Also,
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peristaltic motion of non-Newtonian fluids is of utmost significant owing to its extensive uses in

industry and physiological sciences such as solidification of liquid crystals, cooling of metallic

plate in a bath, extrusion of polymer fluids, colloidal, exotic lubricants, suspension solutions.

Srinivas and Muthuraj [14] described the impact of chemical reaction on magnetized asymmetric

peristaltic motion through a vertical channel. They further assumed that the walls of the channel

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consist of a permeable medium. Nadeem et al. [15] addressed the peristaltic motion through a

diverging tube filled with viscous liquid in the presence of heat transfer and chemical reaction.

El-Sayed et al. [16] discussed the mass transport on a vertical peristaltic motion in a tube filled

with non-Newtonian fluid. They assumed that the walls of tube consist of a porous medium with

heat transfer. Muthuraj et al. [17] investigated the properties of the geometry in the presence of

chemical reaction on peristaltic motion of a magnetized dusty fluid. Recently, Kiran et al. [18]

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presented a mathematical simulation of micropolar fluid with chemical reaction effects

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propagating peristaltically in a digestive system.

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Moreover, magnetic field plays an important role in the study of geothermal reservoirs,

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petroleum reservoirs, magnetic filtration and separation, microfluidic devices, generators, pumps,

accelerators flow meters. In particular, the Magnetohydrodynamic flow of non-Newtonian fluid is

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of great interest in magneto-therapy. As a matter of facts, many investigations with various

configurations have been done an excellent work for examining the behavior of magnetic field.
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Magnetized fluid flows are also beneficial in targeting drug delivery in various diseases. One
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technique includes the binding of drugs to biologically suited magnetic particles (or “ferrofluid”)

which leads towards the target with a careful and appropriate placement of permanent magnetic
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particles on the external part of body. However, using finite element analysis and
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magnetohydrodynamics, one can easily examine the behavior of magnetic fluid particles during

the collision process in a bloodstream and an extrinsic magnetic field. Furthermore, magnetic field
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also beneficial to control celerity of the fluid. Therefore, different authors studied the behavior of

magnetic field on peristaltic propulsion through different geometrical boundary conditions. For

instance, Mekheimer [19] addressed the non-uniform peristaltic motion of couple stress fluid

model through a horizontal channel. He obtained the exact solutions under no-slip effects. Later,

He [20] discussed the induced magnetic field on peristaltic propulsion of couple stress fluid model

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and presented the exact solutions. Akbar et al. [21] described the behavior magnetic field on

Casson fluid model on asymmetric peristaltic motion. They further presented a special case for

crude oil refinement. Kothandapani and Prakash [22] explored the thermal radiation effects on

magnetized Williamson fluids containing nanoparticles on asymmetric peristaltic motion through

a tapered channel. Bhatti et al. [23] studied the sinusoidal motion of Jeffrey fluid model containing

magnetic solid particles in the presence of thermal radiation and heat transport. They further

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presented the exact results for velocity, concentration and temperature profile for both particulate

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and fluid phase. Bhatti et al. [24] discuss the effects of variable magnetic field in three dimensional

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non-uniform peristaltic motion of Jeffrey fluid model propagating through a compliant medium.

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They found that the magnetic field is major source to control the fluid motion. Recently, Bhatti et

al. [25] examine the blood clotting (coagulation) in the presence of variable magnetic field on
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peristaltically propelled motion of Jeffrey fluid model containing gyrotactic microorganisms.

They used perturbation method to obtain the series solution of the coupled nonlinear differential
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equations. Abdelsalam and Vafai [26] discussed the rheological features of compressible fluid
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with magnetic effects propagating peristaltic through a microfluidics channel. Bhatti et al. [27]

considered the mass transport phenomena with EDL and magnetic impact on the uniform
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peristaltic motion. They considered the fluid contains small particles having constant density.
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Recently, Bhatti et al. [28] discussed the three-dimensional uniform peristaltic movement of

Carreau fluid model. They also found that the extrinsic magnetic field is the primary source to
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control the flow. Prakash et al. [29] discussed the thermal radiation effects on the electro-osmotic

flow induced by peristaltic wave. They considered the ionic nanofluids propagating through an

asymmetric microchannel. Tripathi et al. [30] studied the peristaltic flow of couple stress fluid

propagating through a complex wavy microchannel. Few more relevant studies can be found from

references and several therein [31-35].

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Literature survey agrees that several researchers have examined mass transport in different

situations but the behavior of mass transport on chemicalized peristaltic transport of

non-Newtonian magnetized fourth-grade fluid propagating through a curved channel is not yet

accorded. Thus the present investigation is concerned to fill this gap. Mass transport describes the

propagation of mass from one place to another place, and it is one of the active pillars in the

transport mechanism. However, the mass transfer also arises in multiphase and single phase

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systems. In multiple kinds of engineering problems, the mass transfer includes at least one fluid

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phase (“liquid or gas”), although it can also be explained in solid-phase materials. In different

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cases, mass transport of species occurs together with chemical reactions. This insinuates that the

flux of a chemical species doesn’t require to be preserved in a volume element since such kind of

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chemical species may be consumed or occurs in an element. Mass transfer with chemical reaction
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is beneficial for the computation of mass flux in the system and the dispersal of the mass of

different species over space and time in such a system. Such kind of calculation is to analyse,
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design and control of the system. In biomedical science, mass transport is also helpful in the
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purification of blood in liver and kidneys, and the distillation of alcohol.

Paper is organized in the following manner. The formulation of the problem is given in Section 2.
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Section 3 deals with the solutions of the problem using long wavelength assumption and small
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Reynolds number approximation. Regular perturbation technique derives analytical solutions.

Section 4 offers results and discussion. The critical findings are summarized in the last section.
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The impact of related parameters is analyzed and depicted via graphs. Also, the trapping

phenomenon is analyzed very carefully.

2. Problem modeling

Consider a chemicalized fourth-grade fluid propagating peristaltically in a curved channel having

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Radius R and a circular coiled thickness 2d1 with center O. The working fluid holds the property

of incompressibility with irrotational motion. A static transverse magnetic field B0 is applied in the

radial direction. Induced magnetic field is ignored due to small magnetic Reynolds number. The

coordinates R and X shows the motion of fluid in radial and azimuthal direction. The velocity

components in radial and azimuthal components are presented by U and V . The physical structure

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of the governing flow is sketched in Figure 1.

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Fig. 1: Physical structure of the peristaltically induced motion with static transverse magnetic field

Mathematical representation of geometry can be defined as follows:

 2t  X 
 
R   h X , t    d1  a sin

  c  ,
L  t
(1)
 

where t denotes the time, a is a wave amplitude, L represents wavelength and c denotes the

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wave celerity.

Let us introduce the governing equations in fixed frame for fourth-grade fluid model in the

presence of extrinsic magnetic field

U V U
     0, (2)
R X R

 V 
2
  R  
  Ut  U U
 V U
       Rp   
  RR     X    X X ,
 R X
(3)
 
R X R

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 R  R  R

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2
     R2     B0 
  Vt  U V
 V V
  UV     p
 
 2  RX   
 X X
   V ,

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(4)

R X X  R X 
 R  R   R 

     2   2 

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 t  U   V C  D c     C  K 1C,
 X 
(5)
R  R
2
R  R  X 2 
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where   R /  R  R  , p denotes the pressure,  is a fluid density, R  denotes the curvature, 
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is a stress tensor, C is a concentration of fluid, D c is a mass diffusivity coefficient and K 1 is a

chemical reaction parameter.

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Let us define the coordinate transformation which helps to transform the governing equations from
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fixed to wave frame:

X  ct  x , 
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
R  r, 
 (6)
U  u, 
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V  c  v , 

The non-dimensional variables for the corresponding equations are defined as

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L cp a a R* a2 K 1  C 0
xL  x, r a  r , u c  u, cv  v,       
 
p , , , k , C * ,
a2 L d1 a C1  C 0 
(7)
tc c  c   C  C0  K1 2
t , ij   ij , Re  a , m  B0a , Sc  ,  ,  a

 
.
L a    Dc C1  C 0 

and dimensionless stream function

 
u  ,v   , (8)
r r

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where   k /  r  k  ,  denotes the wave number, k is a curvature parameter, m denotes the

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magnetic parameter, Sc represents the Schmidt number, Re denotes the Reynolds number,  is a

amplitude ratio,  and  are the dimensionless forms of concentration distribution and chemical

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reaction parameter.
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Using Eqs. (3) to (8), the non-dimensional form of resulting equations takes the following form

Re    2   2u ur   2  v  1 ux 
  v 1    p     k   
2
 rx
  rr      xx  ,
u 

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(9)
 x  r r x
 
k
k k 
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u  v 1 
2
 k2   m 2  v 1
Re      
2
 xx
v
u v
 v v
 p
 2 
 2 S rx     , (10)
 x r x k
 x
k r
  x k2
 
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   1  v      2   2 
2

Re  u         2    2
 C, (11)
 r t x   r k r x  Sc
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Using lubrication approach i.e. the approximation of long wavelength and zero Reynolds number
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have been applied, therefore we get

p
 0, (12)
r

p    k 2  m 2    r  1
 2  2  rx   , (13)
x k r   
 k 2

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1  2   
     C  0,

 2 (14)
Sc  r k r 

where the stress tensor for fourth-grade fluid model obtained in the following form as [36]:

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   
 rx   rr  1  r   2  rr  1  r   , (15)
k  k 

   2  3. (16)

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As we know p  pr  , therefore, we get

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     k2   2 

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 2  2  rx   2 m   r  1   0, (17)
r  k r    k
 


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and their BC’s becomes

 
   1 at r  h,
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, (18)
2 r

 
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 ,  1 at r   h, (19)
2 r
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  1, at r  h,   0, at r  h, (20)
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where

h 
   dr , and h   1   sin 2 x. (21)
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 h r

 is a dimensionless form of mean flow rate in wave frame which is associated with
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dimensionless mean flow rate  in a fixed frame given as

    2. (22)

3. Perturbation Solutions

Let us define a regular perturbation expansion against  (a small parameter), we have

   0   1  (23)
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   0  1  (24)

p  p0  p1  (25)

Using Eqs. (23-25) into the resulting equations, we will get a system of linearized differential

equations which are further solved up to second order.

Let

  r  k ,1  k  h,2  k  h, (26)

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The final solutions in simplified form can be written as

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    0   1  2 2 , (27)

where

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 0  C1  C2 2  C3 1 M  C4 1 M ,
 1  C5  C6 2  C7 1 M  C8 1 M  C9 13M  C10 1 M  C11 1 M  C12 13M ,
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 2  C13  C14 2  C15 1 M  C16 1 M  C17 13M  C18 1 M  C19 1 M  C20 13M  C21 35 M 
C22 33M  C23 3 M  C24 3 M  C25 33 M  C26 35 M  C27 2 M  C28 2 M  C29 24 M  C30 2 M
M

C31 2 2 M  C32 2 2 M  C33 2 4 M  C34 M  C35 23 M  C36 2 M  C37 2 M  C38 23 M  C39
C40  M  C41 3 4 M  C42 3 2 M  C43 3  C44 3 2 M  C45 12 M  C46 1  C47 1 2 M  C48 3 4 M
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C49 2 M  C50 ln  2 M .
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The pressure gradient obtained in the following form as

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dp 2m2
dx

k
 C2  C6   2C14  , (28)
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The constants CJ ; J  1, 2,3 can be found using simple calculations.

  F  r  ln1  G  r  ln2  I ln  . (29)

where

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F r   1  4     C   Sch 2  2Sck  C h   r   2Sck  C r   h   Scr   r  C    ,
  
4 ln 1 
 
 2 

 
I   Schk   C   ln  ,
1
 ln 
 2 

G r   1    C   Sch 2  2Sck  C h   r  C r   Scr 2    C    4  2 Schk  .

 1 
4 ln 
 
 2 

The pressure rise in dimensionless form is calculated numerically over a single period of

wavelength using the given expression

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1 dp
p   dx. (30)
0 dx

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4. Graphical analysis and discussion

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The main theme of this part is to analyze graphically the mathematical results obtained in section

3. Therefore, the graphical results are sketched in Figure 2 to Figure 8 for concentration profile,
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pressure rise, pressure gradient, and stream function against all the governing parameters. All the
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mathematical results and graphical results have been performed due to its dynamic applications in

medicine, biomedical engineering, and cooling as well as heating process. It is interesting to

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mention here that when k   then the present results are similar to the planar channel geometry.
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4.1Characteristics of peristaltic pumping

Peristaltic pumping is a substantial mechanism that is beneficial in transporting various biological

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fluids in a living body from one point to another point. The pumping features can determine using
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the expression of pressure rise p verses average time mean flow rate  . The whole area is divided

into four parts. For instance, the right-hand coordinate in the upper region p  0 (“adverse

pressure gradient”)and   0 is known as peristaltic (or “positive”) pumping, the lower hand

coordinate in the lower region p  0 (“favorable pressure gradient”)and   0 is known as the

augmented pumping region. Free pumping region is associated with p  0. In this part, positive

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values of mean flow rate   0 occurs because of the peristalsis after complete control over the

pressure difference. The left hand upper coordinate denotes the retrograde pumping region p  0

(or “backward pumping”) and   0. Figure 2(a-d) represents the pumping characteristics against

fluid parameter , amplitude ratio  , magnetic parameter m , and curvature parameter k . It depicts

from Figure 2a that an increment in fluid parameter , tends to enhance the pumping rate in

retrograde pumping region, while its attitude becomes converse in copumping region.

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Furthermore, we can see that the variation is negligible in the region    0.4,0.4 . Figure 2b

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reveals the behavior of amplitude ratio  on pressure rise. Amplitude ratio  is directly proportional

to wave amplitude, therefore, we can see that when the amplitude ratio  increases then the

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pumping rate decreases in retrograde pumping region whereas in all other areas the effects are
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negligible. Figure 2c is displayed to analyze the behavior of curvature parameter k . It is

interesting to mention here that the results for a planar channel can be achieved by taking k  .
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In this figure we can see that pumping rate shows symmetrical behavior along co-pumping region
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and retrograde pumping region. Further, it is also observed that the pumping rate decreases in a

significant manner in retrograde pumping part whereas it rises in the co-pumping region. Figure
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2d is plotted for multiple values of magnetic field m. Magnetic parameter is a ratio between
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inertial to viscous forces (see Eq. 7). It can be noticed from this figure when the impact of

magnetic field increases then it decelerates the pumping rate in a co-pumping region as well as it
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boost the pumping rate in the retrograde pumping region. Further, detailed function of magnetic

field can also be seen in different studies given in [37-40].

4.3 Characteristics of pressure gradient

Figure 3(a-d) reveals the behavior of pressure gradient dp / dx versus x  axis. The results show

the oscillatory behavior against different values of fluid parameter , amplitude ratio  , magnetic

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parameter m , and curvature parameter k . It depicts from Figure 3a that an enhancement in

amplitude ratio  , produce versatile effects on the pressure gradient. We can see that the pressure

gradient rises in some regions of x whereas in other parts it tends to diminish significantly.

Moreover, the fluid parameter  produces quite similar behavior on pressure gradient (see Figure

3b) as compared to Figure 3a. In Figure 3c we noticed that an increment in curvature parameter k

shows favorable effects on the working fluid which tends to enhance the pressure gradient along

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the whole region. Figure 3d shows that a significant enhancement in a magnetic field produces a

marked resistance on the pressure gradient which in results pressure gradient is oscillatory whereas

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it decreases along the whole region.

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4.4 Trapping mechanism

Trapping mechanism is a substantial part of the analysis of fluid motion. This mechanism can be
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observed by drawing streamlines. However, in peristalsis, an enclosed path of streamlines can be
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noticed at different values of averaged volume flow rate and the amplitude of the peristaltic wave.

According to the biological point of view, the amount of working fluid can be trapped by
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peristaltic waves which are beneficial in the propagation of different kinds of natural fluids in a
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living body from one point to another point in a proper way. Therefore due to its appropriate

proliferation, various organs in a living body can become easily alive without any trouble.
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Trapping mechanism is presented against different physical parameters, i.e., fluid parameter ,
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amplitude ratio  , magnetic parameter m , and curvature parameter k . To determine this

mechanism more vigorously, streamlines have been plotted against multiple values of these

parameters as shown in Figure 4 to Figure 7. It elucidates from figure 4 that when fluid parameter

 increases then the trapping bolus increases which shows that more involvement of  is helping

in trapping more fluid. It can be viewed from figure 5 that an increment in amplitude ratio  causes

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a more significant change in the streamlines pattern. In figure 5 (panel c) we can see that a bolus

appears slowly which also reveals that fluid gets trapped for higher values of amplitude ratio  .

Figure 6 describes that the magnitude of trapped bolus rises with an increment in the values of

curvature parameter k while the number of trapping bolus are constants. Furthermore, we can also

see in Figure 7 the behavior of magnetic field on the trapping mechanism is similar as compared to

the curvature parameter. It is observed that magnetic field and curvature parameter are beneficial

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in trapping more fluids when the working fluid is propelled by symmetric wave propulsion,

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whereas less fluid has been trapped with the significant effects of fluid parameter  and amplitude

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ratio parameter  .

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4.5 Concentration distribution

This part shows mass transport behavior in Figure 5(a-c) for multiple values of chemical reaction
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parameter  , curvature parameter k , and Schmidt number Sc. It is noticed from Figure 5a that
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when the chemical reaction parameter rises then, it produces a remarkable resistance in the

concentration profile which causes to decrease the concentration. Figure 5b is plotted for multiple
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values of Schmidt number Sc . Schmidt number is a ratio between kinematic viscosity (or
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“momentum diffusivity”) and mass diffusivity. Higher values of Schmidt number corresponds to

higher kinematic viscosity (see Eq. 7) which in results produces a reduction in the concentration
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profile. This phenomenon was also observed by Bhatti et al. [28]. Figure 5c illustrates that an
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increment in curvature parameter k , shows a converse behavior in a curved channel. An increase in

curvature parameter tends to enhance the concentration close to the inner wall of the channel

whereas it shows opposite attitude in a region away from the middle of the curved channel. In

Figure 5 we found that the concentration is negative which was also observed by Hayat et al. [41],

Mehmood et al. [42] and Kothandapani et al. [43].

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5 Conclusions

In the present, we analyzed the mass transport on chemicalized fourth-grade fluid propagating

peristaltically through a curved channel. An external static magnetic field is applied in a radial

direction. Using lubrication approach, perturbation solutions have been presented up to second

order of approximation under no-slip condition. The novelty of all the physical parameters is

presented using figures and discussed. In particular, we analyzed the pumping characteristics,

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pressure gradient, trapping mechanism and concentration profile. The significant findings of the

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current analysis are summarized below:

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i. An increment in curvature parameter tends to enhance the pressure gradient along the

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whole region while converse behavior occurs in the presence of a strong magnetic field.

ii. An increment in fluid parameter and amplitude ratio shows a versatile behavior on pressure
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gradient along the whole region of the curved channel.

iii. Pumping rate diminish in retrograde pumping region due to an increment in fluid
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parameter whereas it decreases against the amplitude ratio. However, against both
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parameters, pumping rate behavior is entirely opposite in co-pumping region.

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iv. The behavior of pumping rate remains invariant against all the governing parameters.

v. In copumping region, the pumping rate decreases by increasing the magnetic field and
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decreasing the curvature parameter.

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vi. Pumping rate in retrograde pumping region is completely opposite in the presence of

strong magnetic field and higher curvature parameter.

vii. Concentration profile tends to rise significantly for higher values of curvature parameter in

the region r  0 , while it decreases when r  0.

viii. The present outcomes can be reduced to planar channel results by taking k  .

ix. Concentration profile significantly diminishes due to a greater impact of Schmidt number
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and chemical reaction.

x. The fluid is trapped significantly for higher values of a fluid parameter, curvature

parameter, amplitude ration and magnetic field. A trapping bolus for higher values of these

parameters.

xi. The present model is applicable in different kinds of biological fluid motions that follow

the principle of peristalsis with chemical reaction effects.

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(b)

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(d)

Fig. 2: The variation of p with flow rate  with different values of  (panel a),  (panel b), k

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(panel c), m (panel d).
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(a)

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(c)

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Fig. 3: The variation of dp

dx with flow rate
x with different values of  (panel a),  (panel b), k (panel
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c), m (panel d).

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(a) (b) (c)

  0.3, k  2.5, m  0.3,   1, with different values of ,   0.001

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Fig. 4: Streamlines for

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(panel a)   0.003 (panel b)   0.005 (panel c).

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(a) (b) (c)

Fig. 5: Streamlines for different values of  ,   0.3 (panel a)   0.4 (panel b),   0.5 (panel
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c).
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(a) (b) (c)

Fig. 6: Streamlines for different values of k , k  2.5 (panel a), k  2.7 (panel b), k  2.9 (panel

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Fig. 7: Streamlines for different values of m , m  0.3 (panel a), m  0.35 (panel b) m  0.38

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Fig. 8: The variation of  with flow rate r with different values of  (panel a), Sc (panel b),
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k (panel c).
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Highlights:

• Mass transport on chemicalized fourth-grade fluid has analyzed.

• The curved channel is proposed for a physiological flow regime.
• The effects of a radial magnetic field have taken into account.
• Singular perturbation method has been used to obtain the solution.
• The resulting solutions presented in the presence of the no-slip condition.

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