MELCS:

Investigate the relationship

between:
1. volume and pressure at a constant
temperature of a gas;
2. volume and temperature at a
constant pressure of gas; and
3. explain these relationships using the
kinetic molecular theory.
The Kinetic Molecular Theory

The kinetic molecular

theory (KMT) is a model
used to describe the
behavior of gases.
 Assumptions of the Kinetic
Molecular Theory of Gases
1. Gases are composed of molecules that
move in constant random motion.
a. Gas molecules are not visible to the
human eye but the effects of their
movements can be detected.
b. For example, the dust particles move
randomly in a beam of light.
 Assumptions of the Kinetic
Molecular Theory of Gases
2. The molecules have no definite
volume, but they have a definite mass.
a. Gas molecules are very small and
very far apart from one another. This
causes them to take the shape of their
container.
Assumptions of the Kinetic
Molecular Theory of Gases
3. Each molecule moves in a straight line until
it collides with another molecule or the
walls of the container.
a. This, again can be detected by observing
dust particles moving in a beam of light.
b. The movement is referred to as
Brownian motion.
Assumptions of the Kinetic
Molecular Theory of Gases
4. The collision between the molecules is
completely elastic.
a. Elastic collision means no kinetic energy is
lost when the molecules collide.
b. For example, when a gas molecule with an
initial kinetic energy collides with another
gas molecule, all of the kinetic energy will
be transferred.
Assumptions of the Kinetic
Molecular Theory of Gases
5. There is no attractive force among the molecules
or between the molecules and the wall of the
container.
a. The molecules of gases have minimal to
negligible intermolecular forces of attraction.
b. This can be seen by the fact that gases expand
to achieve the shape of the container or
compressed to smaller volumes.
Assumptions of the Kinetic
Molecular Theory of Gases
6. The average kinetic energy of the gas
molecules depends only on the
temperature of the gas.
a. The higher the temperature, the
more energy is acquired by the gas
molecules allowing them to move
faster.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
 Molecules move in a constant random,
and straight-line motion

 No force of attraction (except during

collision)

 Large spaces between molecules

 Elastic collision

 Constant kinetic energy at (constant

temperature)
 Characteristics of Gases
 All the noble gases (group 18) are monatomic
gases, whereas the other gaseous elements are
diatomic molecules. Example of these gases are
oxygen (O2), iodine (I2), chlorine (Cl2), nitrogen
(N2), and hydrogen (H2).
 The volume or space occupied by the molecules
themselves is negligible as compared to the total
volume of the container so that the volume of the
container can be taken as the volume of the gas.
 Characteristics of Gases
 Gases are easily compressed when pressure is
applied.
 Gases expand when heated and contract when
cooled.
 Gases exert pressure in all directions on the walls of
their container.
 Gases have lower densities than solids and liquids.
 The attractive forces between molecules
(intermolecular) are negligible.
 Gases mix evenly and completely when contained
in the same vessel.
Characteristics of Gases
 Gases expand to fill any container.
• random motion, no attraction
 Gases are fluids (like liquids).
• no attraction
 Gases have very low densities.
• no volume = lots of empty space
Characteristics of Gases
 Gases can be compressed.
• no volume = lots of empty space
 Gases undergo diffusion & effusion.
• random motion