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Science
Quarter 4 – Module 2 – Week 2
BEHAVIOR OF GASES PART 2

SDO Taguig City and Pateros

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 Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and evaluated by the

Development and Quality Assurance Teams of SDO TAPAT to assist you in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be helped to process the contents of the learning resource while being
an active learner. The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Do not forget to answer Let’s Try before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and in checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 Let’s Learn

From the previous Module, you probably have observed some unique
behavior of gases. These behavior and properties of gases can be explained
further based on the Kinetic Molecular Theory of gases. This module will help
you explains these relationships of volume, pressure and temperature using
the kinetic molecular theory. S9MT -IIj – 20
Specifically, after going through this module you are expected to:
1. describe the volume, pressure and temperature of gases in terms of
Kinetic Molecular Theory;
2. state Kinetic Molecular Theory;
3. show the relationship between volume and the number of moles of a
gas (Avogadro's Law); and
4. describe how Ideal Gas Equation was developed and calculate for
each unknown on the Ideal Gas Equation.

Let’s Learn
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Which of the following will kinetic energies of the particles of a specific gas with
the same mass depend on?
a. diffusion c. particles
b. effusion d. velocities
2. The attractive force between gas particles is small in size and they slide past with
one another. Both liquids and gases flow. Which of the following best describes
the movement of liquid and gases?
a. diffusion c. fluidity
b. elasticity d. viscosity
3. According to kinetic molecular theory, a gas expands because ___________.
a. its temperature rises.
b. its particle becomes larger.
c. its particles move greater distance.
d. collisions between particles become elastic.
4. Which of the following statements is not true of molecules in the gaseous state
according to the kinetic theory of gases?
a. Molecules of a gas have negligible volume.
b. Molecules show rapid and random motion.
c. The kinetic energy of a gas is proportional to the Celsius temperature.
d. Smaller molecules have greater velocities than larger molecules at the
same temperature.

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5. Reyes family decided to go to the beach. On their way to the beach, all of them
were surprised when the tire suddenly exploded. Which of the following best
describes the blowing of tire?
a. High temperature causes the decrease in volume.
b. The amount of the gases inside the tire is increased.
c. The mass of the gases inside the tire increases causing a blown-up tire.
d. The volume of gases increases as the temperature increases, causing a
blown-up tire.
6. Which of the following is used to measure the number of particles of a
substance?
a. atm c. kilogram
b. liter d. mole
7. Avogadro's Law states that volume of a gas varies directly to the number of
moles of a gas at a given temperature and pressure.
a. true c. maybe
b. false d. not enough information
8. A 7.25 L sample of nitrogen gas is determined to contain 0.75 mole of nitrogen.
How many moles of nitrogen gas would there be in a 20 L sample if temperature
and pressure remain the same?
a. 0.27 mole c. 2.7 moles
b. 2.1 moles d. 3.1 moles
9. Which of the following is an application of Avogadro's Law?
a. hot air balloon
b. none of the above
c. baking of bread or cake
d. explosion of an aerosol can
10. Which of the following will you apply in solving a problem when the volume of a
gas varies directly with the amount of gas at constant temperature and
pressure?
a. PV = nRT c. V1n2 = V2n1
b. P1V1 = P2V2 d. V1T2 = V2T1
11. What is the volume occupied by 2.34 grams of carbon dioxide gas at STP.
a. 1.19 L c. 9.02 L
b. 4.35 L d. 6.38 L
12. At what temperature will 0.654 moles of neon gas occupy 12.30 liters at 1.95
atmospheres?
a. 336 K c. 631 K
b. 447 K d. 873 K
13. Which of the following shows the ideal gas equation?
a. PV = nRT c. V1n2 = V2n1
b. P1V1 = P2V2 d. V1T2 = V2T1
14. In the ideal gas law, which variable represents the gas constant?
a. n c. R
b. T d. V
15. What is the volume that a 0.323-mol sample of a gas will occupy at 265 K and
a pressure of 0.900 atm?
a. 7.18 L c. 7.81 L
b. 4.63 L d. 4.36 L

You may answer this online, just visit the link

https://forms.gle/QQUsP11FKWraFXHV9

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Lesson

1 Kinetic Molecular Theory

Let’s Recall

Word Pool
Direction: Read each question and choose the letter of the best answer from the
box below.

a. Charles’ Law c. Kelvin e. Temperature

b. Boyle’s Law d. Pressure

_____ 1. It is the measure of the energy of its particles. The common units of it
include Kelvin (K), degree Celsius (ᵒC), and degree Fahrenheit (ᵒF).
_____ 2. Pascals, mmHg, cmHg, atmosphere are units of _____________.
_____ 3. It states that, at constant temperature, the volume occupied by a fixed
amount of gas is directly proportional to the reciprocal of pressure.
_____ 4. It states that at constant pressure, the volume of a fixed amount of gas is
directly proportional to the Kelvin (K) temperature.

Let’s Elaborate

Gases were among the first substances studied using the modern scientific
method, which was developed in the 1600s. It did not take long to recognize that
gases all shared certain physical behaviors, suggesting that gases could be
described by one all-encompassing theory. The kinetic molecular theory of gases is
a model that helps us understand the physical properties of gases at the molecular
level.
Try to revisit the activities in Module 1 and recall the observations you have
made.
Table 1. Assumptions based on Observations in Previous Activities
Observation Assumption
1. Gases exhibit diffusion. Gas particles are in constant motion thus they possess

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 2. Gases exert pressure. kinetic energy.

Gas particles collide with

one another and hit the walls of a
container. Each of the gas
particles apply force as they
hit one another.

3. Gases have no definite The attractive force between the

shape and volume. They gas particles is less.
expand to fill the space
available in a container.
Gas particles are very small and are far apart from one
4. Gases exhibit another. The spaces between them are too big
expansibility and compared to the size of the gas particle.
compressibility. Gases
expand when pressure is
reduced. Gases compress
when pressure is
increased.

The motion of the gas particles

increases as temperature
increases. The average
kinetic energy of the gas particles
is directly proportional
5. The volume of a gas to the absolute temperature.
increases with
temperature at constant
pressure. At constant
volume, pressure
decreases as temperature
increases with absolute
temperature.

The kinetic molecular theory of gases

describes this state of matter as composed of tiny
particles in constant motion with a lot of distance
between the particles. Because most of the volume
occupied by a gas is empty space, a gas has a low
density and can expand or contract under the
appropriate influence. The fact that gas particles are
Figure 1. The Kinetic Molecular Theory
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in constant motion means that two or more gases will always mix as the particles
from the individual gases move and collide with each other. The number of
collisions the gas particles make with the walls of their container and the force
with which they collide determine the magnitude of the gas pressure.

You can learn more about Kinetic Molecular Theory,

simply go to this link.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3f_VJ87Df0

Let’s Dig In

Activity 1. True or False

Directions: Write TRUE if the postulate is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect.

__________1. Gases are made up of tiny particles. The distance between the
molecules is very close that gases are mostly empty space.
__________2. The average kinetic energy of molecules is constant.
__________3. There are negligible, attractive, or repulsive forces between molecules.
__________4. Collisions between molecules are perfectly inelastic.
__________5. The molecules in a gas occupy a negligible volume.

Let’s Remember

Directions: Write at least three (3) concepts that you have learned from the lesson
and explain the concepts based on your understanding. Write your answer in the
answer sheet.

Concept Explanation

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 Let’s Apply

Directions: The following are some instances or situations that need to be explained
using the kinetic molecular theory. Write your answer in the answer sheet.
Questions:
1. Why do toy balloons become smaller after a day or two? What is inside a
balloon?
2. Why do fresh duck eggs get salty after being soaked in a strong salt solution for
12 days?

Lesson

2 Avogadro’s Law

Let’s Elaborate

Avogadro’s Law and Molar Volume

In 1811, Italian physicist Amadeo Avogadro
became famous with his law which states that equal
volumes of all gases at the same temperature and
pressure contain equal number of particles. This
became known as Avogadro’s Law.

Figure 1. Amadeo Avogadro

Remember that chemists devised a way of counting particles by weighing
and used mole. The value of 1 mole is 6.02 x 1023 . 1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 particles.
This number is called Avogadro’s number named in honor of Amadeo Avogadro.
The use of the term mole is similar to the use of the term dozen. A dozen represents
12 items. A mole represents a much bigger number, 6.02 x 1023. Hence, if a dozen
eggs mean 12 eggs, a mole of carbon means 6.02 x 1023 carbon atoms. A mole of
water means 6.02 x 1023 molecules of water and a mole of potassium ions means
6.02 x 1023 potassium ions.
The quantity 6.02 x 1023 is known as Avogadro’s constant. It is used to be
known as the Avogadro number. This constant is used to describe the number of
particles contained in a mole.

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 As we discussed in previous lessons, gas volume varies with changes in
temperature and pressure. When comparing the volume of gases, temperature and
pressure must be specified.
By definition, one mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 dm3 or 22.4 L
at standard condition. This standard condition is 273ᵒK (0ᵒC) and 101.325 kPa (1
atm = 760 mm Hg).
From Avogadro’s Law, we can state that one mole of any gas contains the
same number of particles and, therefore, one mole of any gas occupies the same
volume. This volume at standard condition is known as the molar volume.

Formula of Gas CO2 O2 He

Number of moles 1 mole of CO2 1 mole of O2 1 mole of He
Number of 6.02 x 1023 CO2 6.02 x 1023 O2 6.02 x 1023 He
molecules molecules molecules atoms
(Avogadro’s
Constant)
Volume at 22.4 L 2.4 L 22.4 L
Standard
Condition (SC)
Table 1. Molar Volume of Some Gases

If the volume of gases is directly proportional to the number of mole whose

symbol is n, what will be the mathematical equation for the volume-mole
relationship? Using the proportionality symbol, we can tell that the volume of a gas
is directly proportional to its number of moles or number of molecules. The
proportionality between the volume and the number of mole of a gas is:

V n at constant T and P

Mathematically, the Avogadro’s Hypothesis can be expressed as:

𝑽
=𝒌
𝒏
Where:
V is the volume of gas
N is the amount of gas in moles
k is a proportionality constant

It can be rewritten as:

V1 V2
=
n1 n2

Let’s have this table:

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Table 2. Data on Avogadro’s Hypothesis
Volume (L) No. of moles (mol) V/n (L/mol)
2.50 0.50
5.00 1.0
7.50 1.5
10.00 2.0
12.50 2.5
Did you obtain a constant value for V/n?

Predict how the Volume-Mole graph would look like. Verify your prediction,
plot a graph.

__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

Applying Avogadro’s Hypothesis

Sample Problems:
1. One mole of helium gas fills up an empty balloon to a volume of 1.5 litres. What
would be the volume of the balloon if an additional 2.5 moles of helium gas is
added? (Assume that the temperature and the pressure are kept constant).
Given:
V1 = 1.5L Find: V2
n1 = 1 mol
n2 = 1 mol + 2.5 mol = 3.5 mol

Solution
V1 = V2 V1 V2 V1n2 = V2n2 V1n2 = V2n1 V1n2
V2 =
n1 n2 n1 n2 n1 n1 n1

V1n2
V2 = n1
= (1.5L)(3.5mol)
1 mol
= 5.25 L

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The balloon would occupy a volume of 5.25 litres when it contains 3.5 moles of
helium gas.
2. A tire containing 10 moles of air and occupying a volume of 40L loses half its
volume due to a puncture. Considering that the pressure and temperature remain
constant, what would be the amount of air in the deflated tire?
Given:
n1 = 10 mol Find: n2
V1 = 40 L
V2 = 20 L

Solution:

V1 = V2 V1 V2 V1n2 = V2n1 V1n2 = V2n1 n2= V2n1

n1 n2 n1 n2 V1 V1 V1

n2 = V2n1
V1
n2 (20 L) (10mol)
=
40L

n2 = 5 mol
The deflated tire would contain 5 moles of air.

Let’s Dig In

Activity 2.1 Understanding Avogadro’s Law

Directions: Read the situations carefully. Show your complete solution and
encircle your final answer.
1. A sample of gas occupies 2.00L with 5.00 moles present. What would be the
volume if the number of moles is increased to 10.0? How does volume affect the
amount of gas?
2. What happened to the number of moles in a sample that originally occupied
500mL with 3.50 moles and then occupied 700 ml?
3. A sample of N2 has 2.70 moles and occupies 3.80 L at 25.0ᵒC.
a. What volume will it occupy with 3.40 moles?
b. How many moles are in a sample that occupies 1.55L?

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Number of moles 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol
Number of gas
6.02 x 1023 6.02 x 1023 6.02 x 1023
particles
Volume 22.4 L 22.4L 22.4L
Pressure 1 atm 1 atm 1 atm
Temperature 0ᵒC 0ᵒC 0ᵒC
Mass of gas 2.016 g 32.00 g 44.01 g

Gases are compressible, meaning that when put under high pressure, the
particles are forced closer to one another. This decreases the amount of empty
space and reduces the volume of the gas. Gas volume is also affected
by temperature. When a gas is heated, its molecules move faster and the gas
expands. Because of the variation in gas volume due to pressure and temperature
changes, the comparison of gas volumes must be done at one standard
temperature and pressure. Standard temperature and pressure (STP) is defined
as 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atm pressure. The molar volume of a gas is the volume of
one mole of a gas at STP. At STP, one mole (6.02 × 1023 representative particles) of
any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L.

Refer to the illustration above to complete this statement.

One mole of hydrogen sulphide gas occupies ___________ L at _____________
atm and _____________K. One molar volume of the gas has a mass of
_______________ g and contains _____________ particles.
The density of the gas at STP is ___________ g/L.

You can learn more about Avogadro’s Law, simply go

to this link.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwGYnPL13rc

Let’s Remember

Directions: Answer the following questions.

1. State the Avogadro’s Law.

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__________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.
2. What variables must be held constant for Avogadro’s Laws to be true.
_________________________________________________________________________________.
3. What would happen to:
a. V if n is increased ___________________________
b. n if V is increased ___________________________
c. V if n is decreased ___________________________
d. n if V is decreased ___________________________

Let’s Apply
Avogadro’s Law used in everyday life:
• As you blow up a basketball, you are forcing more gas molecules into
it. The more molecules, the greater the volume. The basketball
inflates.
• A flat tire takes up less space than an inflated tire, because it contains
less air.
• Lungs expand as they fill with air. Exhaling decreases the volume of
the lungs.
• A balloon filled with helium weighs much less than an identical
balloon filled with air. Both balloons contain the same number of
molecules. Helium atoms have lower mass than either oxygen
molecules or nitrogen molecules in air, so the helium balloon is
lighter.

Directions: Look around you, observe and identify how Avogadro’s Law are used in
our daily lives. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

Lesson

3 Ideal Gas Law

Let’s Elaborate
Important gas law equations can be derived when Boyle’s, Charles’, and
Avogadro’s Laws are taken together. Let us consider the following equations of
these laws:

Boyle’s Law PV = k (at constant temperature)

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Charles’ Law V = kT ( at constant pressure)
Avogadro’s Law V = kN ( at constant temperature and pressure)

A single equation is formed when these equations are taken together. This
equation simply shows that the PV is constant at fixed temperature and that
volume (V) is directly proportional at fixed pressure and temperature. The equation
derived from the three gas equations is:
PV = KNT (Equation 1)
Since N is directly proportional to the number of moles, Equation 1 can also
be written as:
PV = knT (Equation 2)
The constant (k) has the same values for all gases which is represented as R.
Equation 2 becomes:
PV = nRT (known as Ideal Gas Equation)
Where:
V – volume
P – pressure
T – temperature
n – amount of gas in moles
R – 0.082 L.atm/mol K

The equation tells the relationship between P,V, T, and moles (n) of gas. The
value of R depends on the units of its pressure and volume, thus,

𝐿−𝑎𝑡𝑚 𝐿.𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑟
R = 0.082𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐾 ; R = 62.4 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐾
It is better to remember one value of R. For instance, the problem gave
values of volume and pressure as mL and mmHg, respectively. The R value that
you remember is 0.082 L.atm/moke K. To fit all the units in the R, you only need to
convert mL to L and mmHg to atmosphere.

The equation aptly describes an ideal gas behavior. An ideal gas is a gas
whose particles are apart such that there are no intermolecular forces among them.
The collisions among the particles are perfectly elastic. Under normal conditions
such as STP, the equation also works for most real gases because they behave like
ideal gases. However, the ideal gas model fails at very low temperatures and very
high pressures when the effect of intermolecular forces and particle size become
significant.

Sample Problems:
1. A 500 mL bottle contains hydrogen gas with a pressure of 600 mm Hg at 20ᵒC.
How many moles of the gas does the bottle contain?
Given:
1𝑎𝑡𝑚
P = 600 mm Hg x 760 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔
= 0.789 atm
1𝐿
V = 500 mL x 1000 𝑚𝐿
= 0.500L
T = 20ᵒC + 273 = 293 K

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Find: n
Solution:
PV = nRT
(0.789 𝑎𝑡𝑚)(0.500 𝐿)
n= 𝐿.𝑎𝑡𝑚
(0.0821 )(293𝐾)
𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾

n = 0.0164 mol

2. A 5.0 g of neon is at 256 mm Hg and at a temperature of 35ᵒC. What is the

volume? Remember that in converting grams to mole, you have to determine first
the molecular weight of the substance (molecular weight of Ne is 20.1797g). Then
divide the mass of the substance in grams by its molecular weight. You may use
the formula: Moles = mass/molecular weight
Given:
1𝑎𝑡𝑚
P = 256 mm Hg x 760 𝑚𝑚 𝐻𝑔
= 0.3368atm
1𝑚𝑜𝑙
m = 5.0 g Ne x ( ) = 0.25 mol; n = 0.25 mol
20.1797𝑔
R = 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K
T = 35ᵒC + 273 = 308K

Find: V
Solution:
𝑃𝑉 𝑛𝑅𝑇 𝑛𝑅𝑇
PV = nRT = 𝑉=
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
𝑛𝑅𝑇
V=
𝑃
𝑎𝑡𝑚
(0.25 𝑚𝑜𝑙)(0.0821 𝐿 (308𝐾)
V= 0.3368𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝐾 𝑚𝑜𝑙

V = 18. 77 L

You can learn more about Ideal Gas Law, simply go to

this link.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BxUS1K7xu30

Let’s Dig In
Activity 3.1 Understanding Ideal Gas Law
Directions: Read the situations carefully. Show your complete solution and
encircle your final answer.
1. Calculate the volume of 0.05 mole of methane (CH4) at 27ᵒC and 760 torr.

15
2. Find the volume, in mL, when 7.00 g of O2 and 1.50 g of Cl2 are mixed in a
container with a pressure of 482 atm and at a temperature of 22º C.

3. A 4.22 mol sample of Ar has a pressure of 1.21 atm and a temperature of 34°C.
What is its volume?

Let’s Apply
Go online and try some simulations of the Ideal Gas Law. Click these links.
https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/gases-intro/latest/gases-intro_en.html

http://ch301.cm.utexas.edu/simulations/js/idealgaslaw/

This simulation lets you visualize the relationships among temperature, pressure,
and volume.

The simulations can give better quantitative data.

In the simulations, did you see the relationships among temperature, pressure,
volume, and number of moles of gas?
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
What quantities were held constant while you modified others?
__________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.

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 Let’s Evaluate

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. Based on Kinetic Molecular Theory, gas expands when heated because
___________________.
a. they possess mass but have negligible volume.
b. they are in constant motion and frequently collide with one another.
c. average kinetic energy of the molecules is proportional to the temperature.
d. gas molecules exert neither attractive nor repulsive forces with one
another.

2. According to Kinetic Molecular Theory, how does a gas expand?

a. Its temperature rises.
b. Its particle becomes larger.
c. Its particle moves a greater distance.
d. Collisions between particles become elastic.

3. If the kinetic energy is related to temperature. What happens to the kinetic

energy of the molecules at -273o C? The molecules of a gas will __________.
a. disappear c. divide
b. stop moving d. stick to each other

4. When the temperature of a gas is increased within a close container, pressure

increases due to which of the following?
a. The gas turns into liquid.
b. The space between the molecules of gas decreases.
c. The frequency of collision between the molecules and the walls of the
container increases.
d. The frequency of collision between the molecules and the walls of the
container decreases.

5. According to Kinetic Molecular Theory, which of the following are made of

particles?
a. ideal gases only c. all matter
b. all gases d. all matter except solids

6. Which of the following is used to measure the number of particles of a

substance?
a. atmosphere c. liter
b. kilogram d. mole

7. What volume do 3.0 moles of Krypton occupy at STP?

a. 22.4L c. 67.2 L
b. 44.8 L d. 89.6 L

8. Which of the following does not involve in Ideal Gas Law?

a. number of moles c. temperature
b. pressure d. time

17
9. Which gas law explains the relationship among the pressure, volume,
temperature and number of moles of gases?
a. Avogadro’s Law c. Charles’ Law
b. Boyle’s Law d. Ideal Gas Law

10. A sample of solid dry ice is approximately 0.045 mole was placed in an
evacuated 3.5 L vessel at 30oC. What is the pressure inside the vessel after all
the dry ice has been converted to gas? (R=0.082 lit atm/mol K)
a. 0.03 atm c. 0.32 atm
b. 3.2 atm d. 5.0 atm

11. What must be held constant when applying Avogadro’s Law?

a. pressure and temperature c. volume and temperature
b. moles and temperature d. pressure and moles

12. What is the volume of 1.00 mole of any gas at STP?

a. 2.24 x 1023 L c. 6.02 x 1023 L
b. 22.4L d. 2. 24 L

13. Which of the following quantity that is not possible in Boyle’s or Charles’ law
that allows you to calculate in Ideal Gas Law?
a. number of moles c. temperature
b. pressure d. volume

14. In the Ideal Gas Law, R stands for ____________.

a. Ideal gas constant c. Temperature constant
b. Real gas constant d. Ideal gas law

15. What quantity of He would be equivalent to 6.02 x 10 23 atoms of He?

a. 10.0 g c. 1.00 L
b. 1.00 mole d. 10.0 atm

You may answer this online, just visit the link

https://forms.gle/hQaz1kr4RPeHWcBfA

18
References
PRINTED MATERIALS

Abadicio, C.L. Chemistry for Filipinos. Saint Bernadette Publications, Inc.

DepEd. Science Grade 10 Learner’s Material First Edition 2015 Philippines:

Vibal Publishing House, Inc.

Endaya, R.R. 2006. Interactive Chemistry. Instructional Coverage System

Publishing, Inc.

Religioso, T.F., et al. You and the Natural World Grade 10. 2019. Phoenix
Publishing House

ELECTRONIC SOURCES
https://opentextbc.ca/introductorychemistry/chapter/kinetic-molecular-theory-of-
gases-2/
https://www.thoughtco.com/amedeo-avogadro-biography-606872
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_British_Columbia/CHEM_100
%3A_Foundations_of_Chemistry/11%3A_Gases/11.08%3A_Avogadro%E2%80%99s
_Law%3A_Volume_and_Moles
https://prasome.wordpress.com/real-life-applications/
https://www.chemteam.info/GasLaw/Gas-Ideal-Prob1-10.html
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Tex
tbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Physic
al_Properties_of_Matter/States_of_Matter/Properties_of_Gases/Gas_Laws/The_Idea
l_Gas_Law
https://chem.libretexts.org/Courses/University_of_Kentucky/UK%3A_CHE_103_-
_Chemistry_for_Allied_Health_(Soult)/Chapters/Chapter_7%3A_Solids%2C_Liquids
%2C_and_Gases/7.3%3A_Kinetic-Molecular_Theory
https://www.clutchprep.com/chemistry/practice-problems/131698/in-a-gas-the-
distance-between-the-particles-is-a-small-relative-to-the-size-of-t
https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-chemistry-concepts-
intermediate/section/10.6/

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 Development Team of the Module
Writers: MA. CATALINA B. MALLILIN – TI (TNHS)
ADELA T. TUPPAL – MTI (TNHS)
Content Evaluators:
ELMER L. BELZA JR.
TERESITA L. BALTAZAR
IAN LUIGIE D. ORDOÑEZ
JENNIEVIVE G. DELA CRUZ
JIMMYLIN U. SOLANO
Reviewer: LYDIA H. PASICOLAN, HT III (TNMHS)
Language Editor: LYDIA H. PASICOLAN, HT III (TNHS)
Illustrator: MA. CATALINA B. MALLILLIN, TI (TNHS)
Layout Artist:
HYBRID MODULE TEAM:
DR. MELEDA POLITA – Team Leader
DR. REA MILANA-CRUZ – (School Principal IV-WBNHS)
JAYAR E. LONGASA – MT I (WBNHS)
Management Team:
DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM - SDS
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON -SGOD - Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA -CID - Chief
DR. MARIVIC T. ALMO - EPS- Science
DR. DAISY L. MATAAC, EPS – LRMS/ALS

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