APPLY THE PRINCIPLES OF

CONSERVATION OF MASS TO
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
for SCIENCE Grade 10
Q4/ Week 5-6

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 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as a guide in providing

helpful tips to student in studying the different chemical
reactions.

In this self-learning kit, the students will gain knowledge

in working with different chemical reactions. A chemical
reaction is a process that leads to the chemical
transformation of one set of chemical substance to
another which occur in the surroundings and most likely
almost in everything that exists.

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 OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the session, the student shall be able to:
K. Identify the reactants and the product in chemical reactions;
S. Balance the different chemical reactions; and
A. Recognize the importance of chemical reaction in the human body

LEARNING COMPTENCY: S10MT-IVe-g-23

Apply the principles of conservation of mass to chemical reactions.

I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITIES/PRE-TEST
Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
your answer in your notebook.
1. Which of the following determines an atom’s ability to undergo chemical
reactions?
a. innermost electrons
b. neutrons
c. outermost electrons.
d. protons
2. A substance which is the starting point in a chemical reaction is called a
a. mole b. reactant c. product d. coefficient
3. A substance that is formed by a chemical reaction is called a
a. mole b. coefficient c. product d. reactant
4. When oxygen is available, sulfur dioxide is produced from the burning of
sulfur. Which of the following word equations best represent this reaction?
a. sulfur + oxygen → sulfur dioxide
b. sulfur dioxide → sulfur + oxygen
c. sulfur dioxide + oxygen → sulfur
d. sulfur → sulfur dioxide + oxygen
5. In a chemical equation, the symbol that takes the place of the words
‘reacts with’ is a/an
a. equal sign b. plus sign c. coefficient d. arrow
6. Which of the following is TRUE of a balanced chemical equation?
a. The total number of atoms remains the same.
b. The kinds of atoms remain the same.
c. The total number of molecules remains the same.
d. The number of atoms of each element remains the same.

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 7. In a chemical equation, the number of molecules of a given substance is
denoted by a
a. subscript c. coefficient
b. superscript d. reaction number

8. The subscript(s) written after a formula in a chemical equation stands for

a. soluble b. solid c. solution d. synthesis
9. What number should be introduced before Na to balance the equation
Na + MgCl2 → ____ NaCl + Mg?
a. 1 b. 3 c. 2 d. 4
10. Which is the balanced chemical equation for the reaction shown below?
a. 2Fe + 3O2 Fe2O3 c. 4Fe +3 O2 2Fe2O3
b. 4Fe + 2O2 Fe2O3 d. 4Fe + 2O2 4Fe2O3

II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

DISCUSSION:
Chemical reaction, is a process by which one or more substances, the
reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products. A
chemical reaction rearranges the constituent atoms of the reactants to create
different substances as products.
It must be distinguished from physical changes. Physical changes
include changes of state, such as ice, melting to water and water, evaporating
to vapor. If a physical change occurs, the physical properties of a substance
will change, but its chemical identity will remain the same. No matter what is
its physical state, water (H2O) is the same compound, with each molecule
composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.
However, if water, as ice, liquid, or vapors, encounters sodium metal
(Na), the atoms will be redistributed to give the new substances molecular
hydrogen (H2) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH). By this, we know that a
chemical reaction has occurred.
https://www.britannica.com/science/chemical-reaction

IMPORTANCE OF CHEMICAL REACTION IN HUMAN BODY

All the time, our bodies are carrying out two processes: storing the
energy that we take in as food, and spending that energy. Our bodies do this
by creating chemical reactions. A chemical reaction changes one set of
chemicals into another. A series of chemical reactions turns the food we eat

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into energy that can be used by our cells. Other series of reactions spend that
energy by building cells, growing and exercising. Six chemical elements make
up 99% of the human body: oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium and
phosphorus. These elements form the key types of molecules in the body:
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. These molecules form all our
cells and carry out most of the chemical processes needed for life.

https://www.q-files.com/life/human-body/body-chemistry#:

HOW CHEMICAL REACTIONS OCCUR

Chemical reactions take place only in a proper conditions. In order for

a reaction to occur to proceed into completion, according to the Collision
Theory, there must be an effective collision between reacting particles. There
are two conditions for effective collisions. These are:
1. The orientation of the particles favors the creation or breaking of
chemical bonds; and
2. The reacting molecules should possess the minimum energy called
activation energy (Emil F. Soriano, et. al).

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS:

The Law of Conservation of Mass dates from Antoine Lavoisier's 1789
discovery that mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions. In
other words, the mass of any one element at the beginning of a reaction will
equal the mass of that element at the end of the reaction.

https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/the-conservation-of-mass

CHEMICAL REACTIONS:
An example of a chemical reaction is a Combination Reactions also
known as a Synthesis Reaction. It is a reaction in which two or more substances
combine to form a single new substance.
The general formula of a combination reaction is:
A+B AB
where materials in a chemical reaction that are found at the tail of an
arrowhead are known as the Reactants and those at the head of the arrow
is/are the Product/s, and the term yield is symbolized by an arrow in a chemical
reaction.

Example A.
Na(s)+Cl2 (g) NaCl(s)

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The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

2Na(s)+Cl2 (g) 2NaCl(s)

A balanced equation conforms to the law of conservation of mass. Let

us check if the number of atoms of each kind on the left side of the reaction is
equal to the number of atoms of each kind on the right side of the equation.
For sodium atom: on the left side, there is one atom of sodium (Na) multiplied
by coefficient 2. Written before the symbol (Na). Coefficient is always place
before the chemical formula. For chlorine atom: There are 2 atoms of chlorine
on the left side. On the right side, there is 1 atom of chorine that is multiplied by
the coefficient 2 found on the left side of the compound.

To have a clear picture of the chemical equation,

At the left side At the right side
Na: 1X2=2 Na: 1X2=2
Cl : 2X1=2 Cl : 1X2=2

The number of atoms is multiplied by the coefficient written before the

chemical formula.
Example B.
Al(s) + O2(g) Al2O3 (s)
The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is:

4Al(s) + 3O2(g) 2Al2O3(s)

A balanced equation must conform to the law of conservation of mass.
Let us check if the number of atoms of each kind on the left side of the reaction
is equal to the number of atoms of each kind on the right side of the equation.

To have a clear picture of the chemical equation,

At the left side At the right side
Al: 1x4 = 4 Al: 2x2 = 4
O: 2x3 = 6 O: 3x2 = 6

Activity
1. When aluminum and barium oxide are heated together, a vigorous
reaction begins, and an element barium and a compound aluminum oxide,
Al 2O3, are formed.

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 The equation is

2Al (s) + 3BaO(s) → Al 2O3(s) + 3Ba(l)

a. Identify the reactants and products by filling up the table below.

b. Does the equation conform to the Law of Conservation of Mass? Yes or No.
REACTANTS PRODUCTS

Answer to letter b: ___________________________.

2. Balance the given chemical equations.

A. __ Na(s) + __ H2O(l) ___ NaOH(s) + ___ H2(g)
B. ___ K2CrO4(aq) + __ AgNO3(aq) __ Ag2CrO4(s) + __ KNO3(aq)

III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

EVALUATION/POST-TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of your answer and write it in your
notebook.

1. Which of the following is NOT an example of a chemical reaction?

a. rusting iron
b. an apple ripening
c. cutting paper
d. a piece of wood burning
2. In a reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to produce water, which
substances are the reactants?
a. hydrogen only
b. oxygen only
c. water
d. both hydrogen and oxygen
3. In a chemical equation, the symbol that takes the place of the
word ‘yield’ is a(n)
a. arrow c. plus sign
b. coefficient d. equal sign

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 4. The word equation “magnesium reacts with chlorine to produce
magnesium chloride” is represented by which of the following
equations?
a. Mg → Cl2+MgCl2 c. MgCl 2+Mg → Cl 2
b. MgCl 2 → Mg+Cl 2 d. Mg+Cl2 → MgCl2
5. In a chemical reaction, what is the relationship between the total
mass of the reactants and the total mass of the products?
a. They must be equal.
b. The mass of the products must be greater.
c. The mass of the reactants must be greater.
d. There is no general relationship between the two.
6. In balancing a chemical equation, which of the following are you
allowed to do?
a. change subscripts c. change superscripts
b. write coefficients d. add new substances
7. What scientific principle is reflected in a balanced Chemical
equation?
a. The law of multiple proportions
b. The law of conservation of atoms
c. The law of conservation of mass
d. The law of definite proportions
8. In a chemical equation, the number of molecules of a given
substance is indicated by a
a. subscript c. superscript
b. coefficient d. reaction number
9. What is the balanced formula equation for the reaction shown in the
figure?
a. H2 + Br2 → 2HBr c. H2 + Br2 → H2Br2
b. 2H + 2Br → 2HBr d. H2 + Br2 → HBr + HBr
10. Identify the product(s) in the chemical equation
H2 + Br2 HBr
a. hydrogen only
b. both hydrogen and bromine
c. hydrogen bromide only
d. both bromine and hydrogen bromide

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

MANASSES V. JABALDE
Writer

MANASSES V. JABALDE
LEONREY L. VAILOCES
Illustrators/Lay-out Artists
_________________________________

ALPHA QA TEAM
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
SEGUNDINO B. DELES, JR.
MANASSES V. JABALDE
VERONICA A. RECTO
BETA QA TEAM
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
SEGUNDINO B. DELES, JR.
MANASSES V. JABALDE
VERONICA A. RECTO
DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and
may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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SYNOPSIS AND ABOUT THE AUTHOR

The author, is a Secondary School teacher

of Negros Oriental High School teaching Physics 10. C 10. C
and Chemistry is trying to develop this module to 9. A 9. C
help the students to conceptualize the chemical 8. B 8. B
reactions that undergoes in matter even in this 7. C 7. C
very difficult times were the whole world is being
6. B 6. D
5. A 5. B
disturbed by a deadly Coronavirus causing 4. D 4. A
worries on parents and students with regards to 3. A 3. C
Education. 2. D 2. B
1. C 1. C
On the other hand, try to look around. Post- Test Pre-Test
What do we see? What do all of these things
have in common? Not so many, but, all matter in
the universe, everything around us are ANSWERS KEY
experiencing chemical reactions.

Author: MR. MANASSES V. JABALDE finished Bachelor of

Science in Physics and Industrial Chemistry at Foundation
University. Currently, teaching at Negros Oriental High School
and designated as Overall Chairman for the Committee on
Student Welfare and Discipline. The above named person had
also participated in the Division Lesson Plan Writing in Science
(Chemistry) in the Division of Negros Oriental.

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