BIOMOLECULES

for SCIENCE Grade10

Quarter 4/ Week 3-4

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 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as your guide in recognizing the

biomolecules such as carbohydrates, protein, lipids and nucleic acids.
This will also serve as a guide to acquire knowledge and new ideas on
the importance of biomolecules to the world.

This self-learning kit is composed of three parts:

I. What Happened (Pre-Test)

This contains an introductory activity which check student’s prior

knowledge regarding the topic.
II. What I Need to Know

This contains the discussion of the learning competency which includes

the techniques used for deeper understanding.

III. What I Have Learned (Post Test)

This contains activities and evaluations which seek to check the
knowledge gained by the students regarding the topic.

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 OBJECTIVES
At the end of this self-learning kit, you are expected to:
K. Identify the elements present in biomolecules such as
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.
S. Describe the structure of the four major types biomolecules.
A. Recognize the importance of biomolecules in our daily lives.

LEARNING COMPETENCY: S10MT-IVc-d22

Recognize the major categories of biomolecules such as carbohydrates,
lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.

I. WHAT HAPPENED

Hi there! In Grade 9, you learned about the general classes

of compounds, the structure of carbon atom, type of bond it
forms and its uses.

In Grade 10, you will learn the four major biomolecules such
as carbohydrates, protein, lipids and nucleic acids and
recognize their contribution to the functions of the living
world.

So join us, as we explore the world of biomolecules!

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Pre-Activity/Pre-Test
Answer the Pre-Activity/Pre-test model (KWHL Chart) below to check
your understanding about biomolecules. Only the KW part will be answered
for now. The HL part will be answered after studying this Self-learning kit.

KWHL CHART
WHAT I KNOW
WHAT I WANT TO KNOW
HOW I LEARNED
WHAT I LEARNED

II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

ACTIVITY 1

DIRECTIONS: Analyze the structure of biomolecules given below and answer

the guide questions. Write your answers in your notebook.

1. What are the elements present in each structure for carbohydrates,

proteins, lipids, and nucleic acid?
2. Are their structural formulas the same? Yes or no.

CARBOHYDRATES

MONOSACCHARIDES

H H H H

H H

H H
Glucose Fructose

Source: shorturl.at/jknIU

Galactose

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DISACCHARIDES

Sucrose
(glucose – fructose)

Lactose
(galactose – glucose)

Maltose
(glucose – glucose)

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POLYSACCHARIDES (amylose starch)

PROTEINS

LIPIDS
NAME STRUCTURAL FORMULA
Lauric CH3(CH2)10 COOH
Myristic CH3(CH2)12 COOH
Palmitic CH3(CH2)14COOH
Stearic CH3(CH2)14COOH
Oleic CH3(CH2)7CH=CH(CH2 )7COOH
Linoleic CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2 )(CH2)6COOH
Linolenic CH3(CH2)(CH=CHCH2) 3(CH2)6COOH
Arachidonic CH3(CH2)4(CH=CHCH2)4(CH2)2COOH

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NUCLEIC ACIDS

Source: shorturl.at/coyDM

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DIRECTIONS: Copy the following table in your notebook. Identify the elements
that make up the following biomolecules. Put a checkmark (√) if the element
is present and (X) if it is not present.
CARBON HYDROGEN OXYGEN NITROGEN PHOSPHORUS
CARBOHYDRATES

PROTEINS

LIPIDS
NUCLEIC ACIDS

ACTIVITY 2

Directions: Study the table below and answer the guide questions in your
notebook.

CARBOHYDRATES PROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS LIPIDS

FUNCTIONS Energy Source for Speeds up Genetic Long term energy
the plant cell chemical Blueprint, storage cell
reactions membrane
transport structure
molecules
build and
repair cells
EXAMPLESSS Glucose Enzymes, DNA or RNA Fats
SSS Sucrose Antibodies genetic material Cell membrane
Cellulose Hemoglobin Steroids and
( plant cell) hormones
Glycogen
(muscle cells of
animals)
Sugar, fruits, Meat, eggs Cells must Fats and Oils
FOODS bread, pasta, Dairy, beans, construct
vegetables nuts from other
molecules
ORGANELLE Mitochondria, Made by In the nucleus, Cell membrane
EEE chloroplast ribosomes, (eukaryotes)0ess
rough ER Free floating
( prokaryotes)
MONOMER sugar Amino acids nucleotide Made up of
3 fatty acids and 1
POLYMER Starch Protein, Nucleic acid/ glycerol
polypeptide DNA
chain

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 1. Which biomolecule does not provide energy for an organism?
2. What are the biomolecules that provides energy for an organism?
3. What biomolecule is the most abundant?
4. What is the most important biomolecule?

DISCUSSION
• Carbohydrates are the most abundant class of molecules. They are
known to be the chief energy source of all living organisms.
• Carbohydrates are all made up of elements carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen.
• Carbohydrates can be grouped into two: the micromolecule-
monosaccharide; and the macromolecules- disaccharide and
polysaccharide.
• Glucose is the most important monosaccharide in nature since it
provides the immediate source of energy of the body’s cells and tissues.
• Disaccharides contain two monosaccharides units joined together by a
covalent bond knowns as glycosidic linkage.
• Maltose and lactose are the other disaccharides. Maltose is also known
as malt sugar while lactose is known as milk sugar.
• Carbohydrates that contain 10 monosaccharide units are called
polysaccharides. Starch, glycogen and cellulose are the common
polysaccharides.
• Lipids are water insoluble molecules that are composed of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen.
• Fats and oils are triglycerides that are combinations of glycerol and three
fatty acids.
• Proteins are complex biomolecules that contain amino acids linked
through a peptide bonds.
• Amino acids are the building block of protein. The normal amino acid is
composed of a central carbon bonded to a hydrogen (H), a carboxyl
group (-COOH) d amino group (-NH2), and a side chain or R group.
• The building blocks of living organisms are the nucleic acids. They are
responsible in encoding, transmitting, and expressing genetic
information.
• A nucleotide has three components: a phosphoric acid molecule
phosphate (PO4 3-, a five carbon sugar molecule, and a molecule of a
nitrogen-containing base.
• There are two types of nucleic acids. These are the deoxyribonucleic
acid (DNA) and the ribonucleic acid (RNA).They differ in sugar content.
RNA contains the sugar ribose while DNA contains a sugar known as
deoxyribose.
• The two purine bases are the adenine (A) and guanine (G) while the
three pyrimidine bases are the thymine (T), cytosine (C), and uracil (U).

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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your notebook.
1. Biomolecules are organic molecules being produced by living organisms.
Which group comprises the four main biomolecules?
a. carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid, amino acid
b. carbohydrate, protein, lipid, nucleic acid
c. protein, lipid, nucleic acid, triglyceride
d. protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleotide
2. Which of the following elements is not present in carbohydrates?
a. carbon b. hydrogen c. nitrogen d. oxygen
3. Disaccharides are double sugars. Which one is not a disaccharide?
a. maltose b. galactose c. sucrose d. lactose
4. Which is not true about lipids?
a. They are hydrophilic.
b. They are hydrophobic
c. They can be dissolved away by solvents that are non-polar like ether
and benzene.
d. Glycerol and fatty acids are its building blocks.
5. Which of the following groups are all classified as polysaccharide?
a. sucrose, glucose and fructose
b. maltose, lactose, and fructose
c. glycogen, sucrose and maltose
d. glycogen, cellulose and starch
6. The sugar in RNA is ______________________, the sugar in DNA is____________.
a. deoxyribose, ribose c. ribose, phosphate
b. ribose, deoxyribose d. ribose, uracil
7. Amino acids are the building blocks of which group of biomolecules?
a. proteins c. lipids
b. carbohydrates d. nucleic acid
8. A nucleotide structure always has three components: a five carbon sugar
molecule, a molecule of nitrogen-containing base, and a molecule
of_________.
a. sulfate(SO42-) c. carbonate (CO22-)
b. phosphate (PO43-) d. nitrate (NO3-)
9. DNA and RNA are the two known nucleic acids. All of the following shows
differences between the two nucleic acids, except____________.
a. DNA contains sugar deoxyribose; RNA contains sugar ribose.
b. DNA has a uracil (U) nitrogen base; RNA has a thymine (T) nitrogen base
c. DNA is a double helix; RNA is a single helix.
d. DNA is self-replicating; RNA is synthesized from DNA when needed.
10. Nutritional chemists have found that burning 1 gram of fat releases twice
the amount of heat energy as burning 1 gram of starch. Based on this
information, which type of biomolecule would cause a person to gain more
weight?
a. carbohydrate b. fat c. proteins d. nucleic
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 REFERENCES
Acosta,Herma D.,Liza, et. al Science-Grade 10 Learner’s Material. 865 Nicanor
Reyes,Sr.St.,Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Books Store,2015.

Valdoz, Meliza P. , et. Al Science Links: Worktext for Scientific and Technological
Literacy.865 Nicanor Reyes, Sr. St., Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Books Store, 2017.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL
SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent

FAY C. LUAREZ, Ph.D, Ed.D, TM

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief

NILITA L. RAGAY
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO (LRMDS)

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

STEPHEN C. BALDADO
Writer

STEPHEN C. BALDADO
LEONREY L. VAILOCES
Illustrators/Lay-Out Artists

MEMBERS OF THE QUALITY ASSURANCE TEAM

ALPHA QA TEAM
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
SEGUNDINO B. DELES, JR.
MANASSES V. JABALDE
VERONICA A. RECTO

BETA QA TEAM
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
VERONICA A. RECTO
SEGUNDINO B. DELES JR.
MANASSES V. JABALDE

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SYNOPSIS AND ABOUT THE AUTHOR
This Self-learning Kit focuses
on the Learning Competency
which is recognizing the major
categories of biomolecules.

The students are expected to

attain all the objectives stated 2. No
herein and acquire knowledge Nitrogen and Phosphorus
and understanding of the Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen,
contributions of biomolecules to
1.

the world.
NUCLEIC ACIDS
2. No
1. Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen
LIPIDS
2. No
Nitrogen
5. d 10. b
and
4. c 9. b
1. Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen
3. b 8. b
PROTEIN
2. c 7. a
2. No
1. b 6. b
Oxygen
III.EVALUATION/POST TEST
1. Carbon,Hydrogen and
5. Answers may vary
CARBOHYDRATES
4. Nucleic Acids
II.ACTIVITY 1
3. Carbohydrates
Answers may vary.
2. Carbohydrates, lipids, Proteins
KWHL CHART
1. Nucleic Acid
I. Pre-Test/Pre-activity
ACTIVITY 2
ANSWER KEY

Author: STEPHEN C. BALDADO. He finished his College at

Negros Oriental State University with a Degree of Bachelor of
Secondary Education major General Science in 2006.He is
currently teaching at Manjuyod National High School as Grade 9
Science Teacher, Science Coordinator and actively coaching in
Sports and Academic competition.

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