SCIENCE – GRADE 10

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

(ELECTRIC MOTOR AND GENERATOR)

I. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT

Nowadays, our study of Physics has existed solidly in the scope of the things
we could touch, drive, throw, roll, slide, drop, push, or, when all else failed, fire out of
cannons. Electricity and magnetism are fundamentally different.

Electricity is provided by generators, devices that convert mechanical into

electrical energy. Motors convert electrical energy into mechanical motion and work.
This process of changing the form of energy is called electromechanical energy
conversion. The electrical system and mechanical system are joined together by a
coupling field which could be electrical or magnetic.
This Learning Packet will be significant in knowing and discovering how
electricity produces magnetism and the relationship of electricity and magnetism in
the operation of electric motors and generators.

II.LEARNING COMPETENCIES

Explain the operation of simple electric motor and generator.

(S10FE-IIj-54)

OBJECTIVES:

1. Identify the difference between electric motor and generator.

2. Explain the operation of a simple electric motor and generator.
3. Appreciate the importance of motors and generators in everyday life.

II. ACTIVITIES
ELICIT

MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE: Write True if the statement is correct and if it is false
change the underlined word with the correct one to make the statement correct.

1. A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical

energy.
2. A simple electric generator can be built by placing an electromagnet into a

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 permanent magnet.
3. When a DC current is passed through a wire in a magnetic field, it will cause
the wire to move. This is known as the motor effect.
4. Generators are used in vacuum cleaners, dishwashers, computer printers, fax
machines, video cassette recorders, machine tools, printing presses,
automobiles, subway systems etc.
5. Split ring, is also known as an axle.
6. Electrical system and mechanical system are joined together by a coupling
field which could be electrical or magnetic.
7. Electromagnetic Induction is the production of voltage or electromotive force
(EMF) due to a change in the magnetic field.
8. Electric generators work on the principle of electromagnetic force.
9. Electromagnetic induction was discovered by Isaac Newton in the 1830s.
10. In distant areas, where electricity from the main line cannot be accessed,
electric motors act as the primary source of power supply.

ENGAGE
Activity #1:
Let’s see what you know about our lesson for today. Solve the crossword puzzle.

Activity #2:
Write M if the property is for motor and G if the property is for generator.

1. It is a machine that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy.

2. It follows Fleming’s right-hand rule.

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 3. The working principle is based on the current-carrying conductor that
experiences a force when it is kept in the magnetic field.
4. The shaft is connected to the rotor which is driven by a mechanical force.
5. The current is supplied to the armature winding.
6. In power stations, it is used to generate electricity.
7. Ceiling fans, cars, etc. are its examples
8. It follows Fleming’s left-hand rule.
9. It is a machine that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. `
10. It follows Fleming’s left-hand rule.

EXPLORE
Compare and contrast the electric motor and generator using the Venn diagram.
Choose the answer from the box below.

ELECTRIC ELECTRIC
MOTOR GENERATOR
SIMILARITIES

have stator and rotor
power turbine
electricity is used
produces electricity
electric car or bike
EXPLAIN
converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
coil mounted on axle within a magnetic field
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
input is electrical
input is mechanical

MOTORS AND GENERATORS

A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical

energy. It is the opposite of an electric motor.

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 Electric Generator Electric Motor

The electrical system and mechanical system are joined together by a

coupling field which could be electrical or magnetic.

How the Electric Motor Works

A simple electric motor can be built by placing an electromagnet into a

permanent magnet. We use a coil of wire that is free to rotate between two opposite
magnetic poles. When an electric current flows through the coil, the coil experiences
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/582899cf031a3895763de492/electromagnets-generators-and-motors
a force and moves.
The things needed to make a DC (Direct current) motor:
 Two split rings
 A coil of wire
 An axle
 Two bar magnets
When these items are put together, a simple DC motor is created.

https://www.shalom-education.com/courses/gcse-physics/lessons/magnetism-and-
electromagnetism/topic/how-the-electric-motor-works/?ld-topic-page=8693-2

When a DC current is passed through a wire in a magnetic field, it will cause the
wire to move. This is known as the motor effect.

1. Turn the electromagnet on – It is connected to a cell, so it will have an electric

current flowing through it.
2. Turning on the electromagnet generates a magnetic field around the coil.
3. The magnetic field of the coil interacts with the magnetic field of the
permanent magnet.
4. This interaction of magnetic fields will result in a clockwise rotation of the coil
and the motor will spin clockwise as a result.

If we wanted to increase the speed of the motor, we can increase the current
flowing through. Or we can increase the magnetic field strength by using a coil of
wire with a lot of turns.

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 The spinning motion we produce from the motor can be connected to other
things and make them move. This is what makes motors useful.
The direction of the current is reversed every half turn, to prevent the coil from
reaching a halt. To achieve this, we use a split ring, otherwise known as
a commutator.

APPLICATIONS OF ELECTRIC MOTORS IN DAILY LIFE

Electric motors are extremely important in modern-day life. They are used
in vacuum cleaners, dishwashers, computer printers, fax machines, video
cassette recorders, machine tools, printing presses, automobiles, subway
systems, sewage treatment plants, and water pumping stations, to mention only a
few applications.

How do electric generators work?

An electric generator is a device which is used to produce electric energy,

which can be stored in batteries or can be directly supplied to the homes, shops,
offices, etc. Electric generators work on the principle of electromagnetic induction.

https://www.assignmentpoint.com/science/physics/electromagnetic-induction.html
Electromagnetic Induction is the production of voltage or electromotive
force (EMF) due to a change in the magnetic field. Electromagnetic induction was
discovered by Michael Faraday in the 1830s. Many electrical components and types
of equipment work based on the principle of electromagnetic induction. It has found
many applications in technology, including electrical components such as inductors
and transformers, and devices such as electric motors and generators.

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Applications of electric generators

Electric generators are useful for homes, shops, offices, etc. which face
frequent power outages. They act as a backup to ensure that the appliances receive
uninterrupted power supply.

In distant areas, where electricity from the main line cannot be accessed,
electric generators act as the primary source of power supply.

LEARN MORE ABOUT GENERATOR……

Power stations use generators to produce electricity on a large scale.

Mechanical energy is provided by rotating turbines that can be powered by:
 high pressure steam-in a coal, oil, gas and nuclear power stations
 wind-in wind turbines
 falling water-in hydroelectric power stations

DIFFERENCES OF MOTORS AND GENERATORS

https://byjus.com/physics/difference-between-motor-and-generator/

Sl. Differentiating
Motor Generator
No. Property

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 An electric
An electric motor is a generator is a
machine that converts machine that
1 Definition
electrical energy to converts
mechanical energy. mechanical energy
to electrical energy.

Electric generator
Electric motor follows
2 Rule follows Fleming’s
Fleming’s left-hand rule.
right-hand rule.

The working principle of

a motor is based on the The working
current-carrying principle of
3 Principle conductor that generator is based
experiences a force on electromagnetic
when it is kept in the induction.
magnetic field.

The shaft of an
The shaft of an electric
electric generator is
motor is driven by a
Driving force for connected to the
4 magnetic force which is
shaft rotor which is
developed between the
driven by a
armature and field.
mechanical force.

In a generator,
In a motor, current is
current is produced
5 Current Usage supplied to the armature
in the armature
winding.
winding.

In power stations,
Ceiling fans, cars, etc.
generator is used
6 Example are all examples of
to generate
motor.
electricity.

Motors & Generators

We have all been there - one moment you're watching your favorite program
on TV and the next you're in the dark because the power has gone out. At such a
time, you may wish you had a candle or a flashlight so that you could see inside your
dark house. Generator is useful because it converts mechanical energy into
electrical energy. If the generator is powerful enough, you could use it to restore
electricity to your house.

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 Now that you know how handy a generator is, you may be tempted to rush to
the store and buy one. You get in your car, pick one up and bring it home. Once you
get your power restored, you realize that in the darkness you were clumsy and
sometimes you knock your dinner plate onto the floor. You get the vacuum out and
start cleaning it. At this point you have done an amazing thing - you have essentially
reversed what the generator did! Inside the vacuum is an electrical motor, which
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

While the generator and the vacuum (or any other device powered by a
motor) may serve different functions, they are actually two sides of the same coin. In
fact, they are the same device! In an electrical motor, the input is electricity, and the
output is mechanical power. Contrary to this, a generator takes mechanical power
and outputs electricity. In both cases, electricity is flowing - just in a different
direction!

ELABORATE
ACTIVITY 1:
Answer the following questions. Write the
correct answer.

1.What is the transfer of electricity in a

motor?

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/582899cf031a38957
63de492/electromagnets-generators-and-motors

2.What is the transfer of electricity in a

generator?
https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/582899cf031a38957
63de492/electromagnets-generators-and-motors

3.What can you use to make

electromagnet?

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4.In large generators in power plants,
___________
rotate inside a coil of wire to produce an electric
current.

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/582899cf031a3
895763de492/electromagnets-generators-
and-motors

5.Which device uses mechanical energy to produce

electrical energy?

https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/582899cf031a3
895763de492/electromagnets-generators-
and-motors

ACTIVITY #2:
Life without Motors and Generators

Direction: There are two columns below. The first column is about situations where
motors and generators are used. In the second column, imagine what would the
situation be without motors and generators. (2pts.etc)

Motors and generators are useful Absence of Motors and

generators
1. One night, Rhianna can't sleep
because it's too hot. She jumped out of
bed, turned on the electric fan and was
able to sleep well.
2. Liam has one huge pile of laundry to
do but since his mother bought a fully
automatic washing machine, he was
able to do the laundry without a
sweat.
3. Pamela bakes for a living. She has ten
orders of cakes for the day and needs
to bake all ten to be used for a special
occasion in the evening. Good thing
she has a hand mixer and was able to
beat the deadline.

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 4. Alvin is a handyman. Today he wants
to fix picture frames on the wall using
an electric drill. With the drill, the task
was just a piece of cake
for him.
5. While browsing videos in YouTube,
Amy saw a recipe of a delicious
looking avocado shake. Being
intrigued on how it actually tastes, she
tried doing it since she has an electric
blender in the kitchen. She was happy
as she was able to achieve the same
result.

ACTIVITY #3:

ESSAY: Explain the importance of electric generator and motor to our daily life.
(Please refer to the rubrics in scoring on page 10.)

EXTEND:
Using your creativity and artistic ability draw how a simple motor and generator is
useful in our daily lives. Write a short explanation about your output. Use short bond
paper and color your drawing. (Please refer to the rubrics in scoring on page 11.)

EVALUATION
Direction: Read the questions carefully then select and write the letter of the correct
answer.

1.Which of the following is correct about the transfer of electricity in a motor?

A. electrical to kinetic C. electrical to mechanical
B. mechanical to electrical D. mechanical to potential

2. The following are needed to make a DC motor, EXCEPT

A. an axle C. two bar magnets
B. tester D. two spilt rings

3.When a DC current is passed through a wire in a magnetic field, it will cause the
wire to move, this is known as ______.
A. motor effect C. commutator effect
B. generator effect D. All of these

4.The electrical system and ________ system are joined together by a coupling field
which could be electrical or magnetic.
A. kinetic C. mechanical
B. potential D. generator
5.The following are applications of electric motors, EXCEPT:
A. automobiles C. video cassette recorders
B. vacuum cleaners D. act as backups to receive UPS
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6.Which of the following pertains to the rule of motor?
A. it follows Flemings left-hand rule C. both Flemings right and left-hand rule
B. it follows Fleming’s right-hand rule D. none of the above

7. In a generator, current is produced in the ___________.

A. magnet C. split rings
B. commutator D. armature winding

8. Electric _________ are useful for homes, shops, offices etc. which face frequent
power outages.
A. current C. motors
B. generators D. power

9. Mechanical energy is provided by ________.

A. flying turbines C. rotating turbines
B. hot turbines D. None of the Above

10. ________ is the production of voltage or EMF due to change in the magnetic
field.
A. current C. electromagnetic force
B. power D. electromagnetic induction

IV-RUBRICS FOR SCORING

ESSAY:
Criteria & Missing or Below Meets Excellent Points
Points Serious Expectatio Expectatio Work Earned
Assigned Problems ns ns
0 1 2 3
Relevance The essay Answer is Answer is Answer is
of answer did not incomplete. brief with complete;
to the answer the Excessive insufficient sufficient
question question discussion detail. detail
of Unrelated provided
unrelated issues to support
issues were assertion
and/or introduced s; answer
significant and/or focuses
errors in minor only on
content errors in issues
content. related to
the
question;
factually
correct

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 Thoroughn Thoroughn Serious Most of the Deals
ess of ess of gaps in the basic fully with
answer answer basic details are the entire
details included question
needed but some
are missing
Organizatio Weak Minor Clear and
n and logic organizatio problems logical
of answer n; of presentatio
sentences organizatio n; good
rambling; n or logic; developme
ideas are Needs nt of an
repeated work on argument;
creating Transitions
transitions are made
between clearly and
ideas smoothly
Mechanics Major Frequent Clear,
of writing problems problems readable,
(spelling, with with prose.
punctuation mechanics mechanics Good use
, grammar, of of of
clarity of language; language; transitions;
prose) Awkward Occasional no
sentence awkward problems
constructio sentences with
n; Poor or and poor spelling,
absent transitions; punctuation
transitions; reduce , or
Frequently readability grammar.
difficult to
understand
TOTAL POINTS (10 possible

ART RUBRIC
Grade 75 80-85 90-95 96-100
CRITERIA

Elements The artwork Satisfactory Applied the Applied the

of Design was never output was principles principles
completed evident discussed in discussed in
the class. the class in
unique
manner.
Creativity The artwork The student’s The student The student
shows little or work lacked work originally. work
no evidence of sincere demonstrates
original originally. a unique level

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 thought. of originality.

Effort The student The student The student The students

did not finish finished the completed the gave an effort
the work in a drawing, but it drawing, in an far beyond
satisfactory lacks finishing above the
manner. touches or can average, yet requirements
be improved more could of the
upon with little have been drawing.
effect. done.
Skill The student The student The student The student
showed poor a showed showed above artwork is
artwork or lack average average outstanding.
of artwork and artwork and
understanding. understanding. understanding.

V-REFLECTION
I have learned that
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

I wish to ask my teacher about

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________

V-ANSWER KEY

ELICIT
1.Generator 6. True
2. motor 7. True
3. True 8. Induction
4. Motors 9. Michael Faraday
5. commutator 10. Generators

CROSSWORD PUZZLE
1.genarator 4. EM Induction
2. split ring 5. EMI
3. electric motor 6. electric generator

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ACTIVITY #2
1.M 6. G
2. G 7. M
3. M 8. M
4. G 9. G
5. M 10. M

VENN DIAGRAM

ELECTRIC
ELECTRIC GENERATOR
MOTOR SIMILARITIES

-electricity is used -have stator and rotor -power turbine

-electric car or bike
-converts electrical energy
into mechanical energy
-input is electrical
-produces electricity
-coil mounted on axle -converts mechanical energy
within a magnetic field into electrical energy
-input is mechanical

ELABORATE
ACTIVITY #1:
1.electrical to mechanical
2. mechanical-electrical
3. wire, battery and iron ore(nail)
4. magnets
5. generator

ACTIVITY #2: (Answers may vary)

Motors and generators are useful Absence of Motors and generators

1.One night, Rhianna can't sleep because it's
Rhianna become uncomfortable without the
too hot. She jumped out of bed, turned onuse of electric fans and other gadgets
the electric fan and was able to sleep well.
powered by motor.
2.Liam has one huge pile of laundry to do but
Liam will do the laundry manually. He will
since his mother bought a fully automaticsuffer excessive sweating due to too much
washing machine, he was able to do the effort on doing the manual laundry without
laundry without a
automatic washing machine and can also
sweat. suffer irritation or allergy caused by
detergent bar and powder.
3.Pamela bakes for a living. She has ten Hand mixers are used to beat, whip, and
orders of cakes for the day and needs to combine ingredients, all requiring a smooth

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bake all ten to be used for a special occasion functioning set of blades that turn easily and
in the evening. Good thing she has a hand consistently during the mixing process. Hand
mixer and was able to beat the deadline. mixers that are electrical typically have
several mixing speeds either in numbered
settings or simply low, medium, and high
speeds so Pamela will not be tired of mixing,
whipping etc. and can cope up with the
deadline of delivery of the cakes.
4.Alvin is a handyman. Today he wants to fix Without electric drill, Alvin will not fix picture
picture frames on the wall using an electric frames on the wall. He will experience too
drill. With the drill, the task was just a piece much sweat, or he will get tired if he can use
of cake nail on fixing the frames.
for him.
5.While browsing videos in YouTube, Amy Blenders are used both in home and
saw a recipe of a delicious looking avocado commercial kitchens for various purposes,
shake. Being intrigued on how it tastes, she including to: Grind semi-solid ingredients,
tried doing it since she has an electric such as fresh fruits and vegetables, into
blender in the kitchen. She was happy as smooth purées. Blend ice cream, milk, and
she was able to achieve the same result. sweet sauces to make milkshakes. Without
this electric blender, Amy will get too hard to
mix, grind or even blend fruits and
vegetables or other ingredients.

ACTIVITY #3:

ESSAY: (Answers may vary)

Electric motors impact almost every aspect of modern living. Refrigerators, vacuum
cleaners, air conditioners, fans, computer hard drives, automatic car windows, and
multitudes of other appliances and devices all use electric motors to convert electrical
energy into useful mechanical energy. Electric generator, also called dynamo, any machine
that converts mechanical energy to electricity for transmission and distribution over power
lines to domestic, commercial, and industrial customers. Generators also produce the
electrical power required for automobiles, aircraft, ships, and trains.

EVALUATION

1.C. electrical to mechanical

2. B. tester
3. A. motor effect
4. C. mechanical
5. D. act as backups to receive UPS
6. A. it follows Flemings left-hand rule
7. D. armature winding
8. B. generators
9. C. rotating turbines
10. D. electromagnetic induction

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VI-REFERENCES

Science 10, Learners Material, Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines

Science 10, Teacher’s Guide, Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines

Beckett, Graham. "Parts of a Motor" sciencing.com, https://sciencing.com/parts-motor-5426656.html.

6 July 2020.

Deziel, Chris. "How Does a DC to AC Power Converter Work?" sciencing.com,

https://sciencing.com/dc-ac-power-converter-work-5202726.html. 6 July 2020.
Southern, Mike. "DC Generator Vs. Alternator" sciencing.com, https://sciencing.com/dc-generator-vs-
alternator-6164381.html. 6 July 2020.

Mano, Carlos. "Basic Materials Used in an Electrical Generator" sciencing.com,

https://sciencing.com/basic-materials-used-electrical-generator-7615888.html. 6 July 2020.
https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-main-parts-of-an-electric-diesel-generator
https://sciencing.com/generator-work-4564043.html
https://www.adeltd.co.uk/blog/how-does-an-electric-generator-work.php

HSC Physics Topic 2 “Motors & Generators”

Copyright © 2005-2009 keep it simple science http://www.meprogram.com.au/wp-
content/uploads/2018/04/KISS-Notes-MOTORS-NA.pdf
https://byjus.com/physics/difference-between-motor-and-generator/
https://byjus.com/physics/the-electric-motor/
https://en.hespareparts.com/news/systems/komatsu-ce/komatsu-electrical-parts/komatsu-generators/

https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUK
Ewjgpd6vy8PyAhU7yosBHYd4AegQFnoECAIQAQ&url=https%3A%2F%2Fbrainly.ph%2Fquestion%2
F13635672&usg=AOvVaw24qcNJ716n8hSMF39guISm

Writer:

JOAN I. MANAOG
Teacher III
Sto. Niño National High School
SDO, Iriga City

Reviewers:

HELEN Z. CORNELIO - EPS Science, Iriga City

MANUEL LUIS F. TEODORO - EPS Science, Masbate Province
MARNEL M. BULLO - Teacher III, Cataingan NHS
ELENITA P. FABELLA - Master Teacher II, Palanas North CS

Editors:

LOURDES P. CASTROVERDE - HT-III, Science, Zeferino Arroyo High School

MARISOL D. ANDRADA- Master Teacher, Sto. Niño National High School

Layout Artist:

RAYMOND T. TORALDE - Teacher II

Rinconada National Technical Vocational School - Annex

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