GRADING

SYSTEM
ARUN A
BEd English
KUCTE, Nedumangad
 GRADING
qWord grading derived from Latin word ‘gradus’ – means ‘step’.
q A process in which the students may be classified on the basis
of pre defined standards and aims at minimizing
misclassification.
qGrading compares the performance of one student with his
reference group (all students of same age and class level).
qGrading is valid, reliable and comprehensive.
q Involves the use of a set of specialized symbols or numerals
whose meaning ought to be clearly defined and uniformly
understood by the students, teachers, parents and all the
stakeholders.
q Classification of leaners is more easier (3 point, 5 point, 7 point
or 9 point scale is used).
Ex. – Grade A represents range between 91 to 100
q But in marking system 101 point scale is used.
q Certain affective traits (sociability punctuality etc.) can be easily
evaluated continuously through direct grading.
q When students’ level of performance are classified into a few
classificatory units using letter grades, the system of
assessment is called Grading system.
q Grading is considered to be more scientific way of evaluation
as it solves the problems of the borderline cases by including
all the pupils falling within a wider range with in the same
grade.
 Factors Affecting Grading
q Nature of subject matter
q The difficulty of question oaoer
q The different abilities such as
1. Intellectual ability
2. Physical ability
3. Emotional ability
4. Personal ability
5. Social ability etc
 Identifies the students’ performance
level within a wide range
qGrading involves the use of set of specialized symbols whose
meanings ought to be objectively defined in terms of specific
criteria.
qIn a 5 point scale grading system, the categories are:
Score % Letter Grade Interpretation
75 and above A Outstanding
60-74 B Very Good
45-59 C Good
30-44 D Average
Below 30 E Below Average
In 9 point scale grading system, the categories are:

Score % Letter Grade Interpretation

90-100 A+ Outstanding
80-89 A Excellent
70-79 B+ Very Good
60-69 B Good
50-59 C+ Above Average
40-49 C Average
30-39 D+ Marginal
20-29 D Need Improvement
Below 20 E Need Improvement
 Roles of Grading
1. Evaluation – the grade claims to be valid, fair and trustworthy judgment
about the quality of the students work
2. Communication – the grade communicates the teachers judgment of the
students work
3. Motivation- because it affects the time and effort students spend, grading
is a powerful part of the motivational structure of a course
4. Organization – a grade helps mark transitions, bring closure and focus
efforts for both teachers and students

Teachers need to :
• Establish clear and thoughtful criteria and standards to students work
• Exercise professional judgment
Types of Grading
 Direct Grading
qPerformance is assessed in qualitative terms
q Evaluator gives the most appropriate letter grade to each
subject like A, B, C, D, E without assigning scores.
qPreferred for non- cognitive learning outcomes.
qIn examinations, the evaluator will award a particular grade to
the answer for each individual questions on the basis of its
quality. Then the Grade Point Average(GPA) is calculated to
obtain overall grade of a student in a particular subject
 Calculation of GPA

Direct grading is massive and time consuming

Suitable for small groups and non feasible for large scale examinations.
 Indirect Grading

q Method of awarding grades through marks.

q Marks are awarded to the individual questions on the basis of the prescribed
marking scheme. Total mark is then found out and converted into grade.
q Two types of Indirect grading
1. Absolute Grading
2. Relative Grading
 Absolute Grading
Here range for grades are fixed or pre determined.
 Relative Grading
q Known as Grading on the curve
q Range vary in tune with the relative position of the group
q The evaluation is done according to the level of performance of the members of the
group.
Put all the passed students in a rank order and award grades as follows:(in a five point
scale)

A = Top 10% of students

B = Next 25% of students
C = Middle 30% of students
D = Next 25% of students
F = Bottom 10% of students

In Relative grading , performance of the learners is compared with

his peers.
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