DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY

MID-LA UNION CAMPUS

City of San Fernando, La Union
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

MODULE 5
GRADING AND REPORTING
Grading is one of the many activities that a classroom teacher performs in order to
professionally assess the achievements of his or her students. This involves gathering and
evaluating evidence of the learners' performance or achievement over a set period. Various
types of descriptive information and methods of measuring student performance that
summarize their accomplishments are converted to grade or marks through this process.
Grading and reporting students' progress are two of the most difficult tasks for teachers
because there are so many variables and decisions to make.

LESSON 1: Nature, purpose and rationale for assigning grades

NATURE FOR ASSIGNING GRADES
Grades are the teacher’s judgement on the performance of students based on a
certain criteria. Aside from grading the students’ performance, teachers have to inform the
students and parents about the academic progress in various learning areas in the curriculum.
Elementary, Secondary, and Colleges uses a pass-fail (satisfactory-unsatisfactory)
system. Pass-fail system in high school and college allows students to explore new areas and
take risks on subjects that they may have limited preparation for, or is not part of their major
(Linn & Miller, 2005).

PURPOSE FOR ASSIGNING GRADES

Grades are essentially a way to measure or quantify learning and intellectual progress
using objective criteria. They can serve many purposes:

1. As an evaluation of student work, effort, understanding of course content, skill

development, and progress;
2. As a source of self-motivation to students for continued learning and improvement;
3. As a means of communicating feedback to students on their performance;
4. As a means of communicating to students, parents, graduate schools, professional
schools, and future employers about a student’s potential in college and predictor for
further success;
5. As a means of organizing a lesson, a unit, or a semester in that grades mark transitions
in a course and bring closure to it (i.e. a summative assessment).

RATIONALE FOR ASSIGNING GRADES

The rationale for a grading adaptation involving effort is usually to motivate the
student to try harder by acknowledging increased effort in the grading systems. Rather than
 DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
MID-LA UNION CAMPUS
City of San Fernando, La Union
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

simply encouraging the student to “try harder” because the extra effort
will lead to improved performance and higher grades.

Teachers may assign “bonus points” when a student’s meets the established criteria.

LESSON 2: GRADING SYSTEMS

The grading system is the process by which educators evaluate the performance of the
students in their learning process and development.
TYPES OF GRADING SYSTEMS
1. Letter Grades
- It is a system of grading that uses letter scale, so instead of using numbers it uses
certain letters to categorize students into a certain band according to their score.

SAMPLE OF LETTER GRADE AND NUMERICAL RANGE VALUE

LETTER GRADE NUMERICAL GRADE

A+ 98-100
A 93-97
A- 90-92
B+ 87-89
B 83-86
B- 80-82
C+ 77-79
C 73-76
C- 70-72
D+ 67-69
D 63-66
D- 60-62
F 0-59

In other school they only use the letter A, B, C, D and does not include letters with
+ and – sign. The letter F stands for Failed. In other institution they add letter I to
state that a student has an incomplete requirement.
“Assigning range numerical grade value always depend in set criteria and
decision of the school.”

PROS OF LETTER GRADES

1. Letter grades takes off pressure
2. Understandable at a single glance
3. Easy to monitor
 DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
MID-LA UNION CAMPUS
City of San Fernando, La Union
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

CONS OF LETTER GRADES

1. Low level of accuracy
2. Discourages competition
3. there is no standard

2. Percentage grades (Averaging, Cumulative)

Averaging
- Grade averaging is the practice of calculating semester, end-of-term, or end-of-
year course grades by taking the sum of all numerical grades awarded in a course
and then dividing that sum by the total number of grades awarded.
Example:
Students’ grades are
80 – Prelim
90 – Midterm
85 – Tentative Final Grade
Solution:
80+90+85
Final grade¿ =85
3
So, 85 is the final grade for the semester.

Cumulative
- The grade of a student in a grading period equals his currents grading period which
is assumed to have the cumulative effects of the previous grading system.
Example:
Students’ grades are
80 – Prelim
90 – Midterm
85 – Tentative Final Grade
Solution:
Final grade = 40% of Midterm + 60% of Tentative Final Grade
= 36 + 51
= 87
 DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
MID-LA UNION CAMPUS
City of San Fernando, La Union
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

So, 85 is the final grade for the semester.

VERBAL DESCRIPTORS
Grade descriptors consist of characteristics of performance at each grade. The
descriptors apply to groups of subjects but substantial similarity exists across sets of group
grade descriptors.

GRADING USING CHECKLISTS

There are many different ways that you can grade students using checklists. You can
keep track of their reading progress for a grade. You can create a standard checklist to check
off when they show you, they understand skills. You can even break it down into smaller skill-
based items that you want students to master within a standard.

NARRATIVE REPORTS
The Narrative Evaluation System (NES) is a nontraditional grading system, which
provides constructive feedback on student's performance using a narrative format.
Advantages:
1. promote better student-teacher relationship
2. encourages cooperation, collaboration and creativity
3. points out students’ strengths and weaknesses and help them grow
Disadvantages:
1. requires greater time and effort from the teacher
2. teachers are required to make constructive criticism

COMPONENTS OF THE STUDENT’S GRADE

 DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
MID-LA UNION CAMPUS
City of San Fernando, La Union
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Below are the different components needed for the computations of

grades of the students for the secondary level in each subject area from Enclosure 2
of DepEd Order No. 33,S.2004.
1. Periodic Test. Summative assessment of students learning at the end of the quarter.
2. Quiz. Summative assessment of students learning at the end of the lessons; quizzes given
for formative purposes are not considered in the computation of the students grade but as
basis for making decision whether to proceed to the next lesson or to reteach.
3. Unit Test. Summative assessment of the students learning at the end of the unit.
4. Participation/Performance. Students involvement in the learning process individually
and / or in group; students demonstration of a skill or process ( e. g., role play, theatrical
performance, music, dance, choral reading, speech delivery, experiment, etc.)
5. Project/Output. Product of a skill or proces (e.,g., book report, book/movie review,
journal, research, etc.)
6. Assignment. Work usually done outside the classroom in preparation for the next lesson
and may involve an application or extension of students learning.
7. Behavior. Observable manifestation of students feelings, thoughts, or attitude; grade is
reflective in Edukasyon sa Pagpapahalaga although every subject teacher is expected
to contribute to the assessment of the students behavior.
DepEd K to 12 Grading System
The K to 12 Basic Education Program uses a standard and competency-based grading
system. These are found in the curriculum guides. All grades will be based on the weighted
raw score of the learners’ summative assessments. The minimum grade needed to pass a
specific learning area is 60, which is transmuted to 75 in the report card. The lowest mark
that can appear on the report card is 60 for Quarterly Grades and Final Grades.
For these guidelines, the Department will use a floor grade considered as the lowest
possible grade that will appear in a learner’s report card.
Learners from Grades 1 to 12 are graded on Written Work, Performance Tasks, and
Quarterly Assessment every quarter. These three are given specific percentage weights that
vary according to the nature of the learning area.
Components Of Grading System
Written Work – ensures that the students are able to express learned skills and concepts in
written form. Such as essays, long quizzes and written report or output.
Performance Task – allows learners to showcase what they learned through creative
performance-based task. Such as skills demonstration, group presentation, oral work, and
research project.
 DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
MID-LA UNION CAMPUS
City of San Fernando, La Union
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

Quarterly Examination- cumulative exam that includes materials from the

entire marking period and takes place during a regular schedule. Such as periodical
exams, midterm, and final exam.
DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
MID-LA UNION CAMPUS
City of San Fernando, La Union
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
 DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
MID-LA UNION CAMPUS
City of San Fernando, La Union
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

https://sc.edu/about/offices_and_divisions/cte/teaching_resources/
grading_assessment_toolbox/what_is_grade/index.php
https://specialconnections.ku.edu/assessment/grading/teacher_tools/
basing_part_of_grade_on_students_effort
https://fedena.com/blog/2018/07/pros-and-cons-of-letter-grading-system-in-k-12.html

https://www.slideshare.net/manresaschoolfi/new-k12-grading-system-hselem
 DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVERSITY
MID-LA UNION CAMPUS
City of San Fernando, La Union
COLLEGE OF EDUCATION

https://www.teacherph.com/deped-grading-system/
#What_is_the_DepEd_K_to_12_grading_system
https://performingineducation.com/grading-using-checklists-rubrics-self-assessments/
https://www.ibo.org/contentassets/0b0b7a097ca2498ea50a9e41d9e1d1cf/dp-grade-
descriptors-en.pdf
https://www.teacherph.com/deped-grading-system/