PHYSIOLOGY LECTURES

Fertilization
Implantation
Lactation
Imelda Rosalyn Sianipar
Department of Medical Physiology
 1 Fertilization

2 Implantation
Today's
Objectives
3 Physiological changes during pregnancy

4 Lactation
 Fertilization
The union of a secondary oocyte and a
sperm cell at limited period

Ovum Sperm Sperm maturation

12-24 hour 48 hours Sperm Capacitation
Fertilization
Role of Estrogen

Estradiol secreted at the end

of follicular phase is needed to
prepare the environment for
sperm transport
BRIEF INSTRUCTION

Video of fertilization

ALL STUDENTS SHOULD WATCH THE VIDEO BEFORE

THE ONLINE LECTURES
Process of Fertilization
 Human Physiology, Sherwood, 2016

Process of Fertilization
The journey to the womb

Hole’s Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology 12th ed, 2015

Implantation
During implantation, the trophoblast
invades, digests, and absorbs the decidua

Lippincott’s Illustrated Physiology, 2013

 Implantation

When the free-floating blastocyst Advancing cords of trophoblastic When implantation is

adheres to endometrial lining, cells tunnel deeper into the finished, the blastocyst is
cords of trophoblastic cells begin endometrium, carving out a hole completely buried in the
to penetrate endometrium for the blastocyst endometerium

Human Physiology, Sherwood, 2016

Placental Anatomy and Blood Flow

Lippincott’s Illustrated Physiology, 2013

Uterine Blood Flow

Lippincott’s Illustrated Physiology, 2013

Lippincott’s Illustrated Physiology, 2013
HORMONAL FACTORS
IN PREGNANCY
human chorionic
gonadotropin
estrogen
progesterone
human chorionic
somatomammotropin

Guyton and Hall Textbook of Physiology, 13th ed 2016 Lippincott’s Illustrated Physiology, 2013
 PROGESTERONE ESTROGEN
development of decidual cells Uterus enlargement
decrease uterus contractility
breast enlargement
affects cell cleavage
help estrogen prepare breast for lactation external genitalia enlargement

Guyton and Hall Textbook of Physiology, 13th ed 2016

 a scula r resistance
Sys temic v Diapraghm risceresase
decreased l pressure is Ventilation in
Mean arteria (30%) e
decreased increased Tidal Volume increas
Heart rate is e increased
Stroke volumut is increased Hyperpigmentation
Cardiac outp

Pregnant Mother
hypercoagul
Increase Ironability Enlargement of bre
demand Enlargement of Uteast
Increase bloo rus
volume (40- d
plasma
Physiologic a
50%): Physiological
nemia
Changes

ney size s lighly

Kid
larger decrease albumin
increase GFFatR d e cr e a s ed to n e o f lo wer
Increase insulin synthesis
Increase become esophageal dspinhte incter secretion ulin increase clotting
storage toissue stomach anenlargsinting
e
decrease ins factors
adipose t pushed by sensitivity
uterus
increase minoerrpatil oannd
nutrietn abs
PARTURITION

Human Physiology, Sherwood, 2016

PARTURITION

Human Physiology, Sherwood, 2016

PARTURITION

Human Physiology, Sherwood, 2016

LACTATION

Prolactin controls milk

secretion, and oxytocin

causes smooth muscle

contraction to eject
milk

Human Physiology, Silverthorn, 2019

 REGULATION OF
PROLACTIN AND OXYTOCIN SECRETION

Berne& Levy Human Physiology 6th Ed. 2008. The Male & female reproductive system. p. 1340
 Intermittent secretion of Prolactin

Increased released at night

suckling the breast results in
an increased release of
prolactin
response to suckling declines
with time, +18 months or
more (if suckling frequency
is maintained at a high basal
levels

Guyton and Hall, 13th ed, 2016

 October 2020

The mind is just like a muscle —

the more you exercise it,
the stronger it gets and the
more it can expand.

Idowu Koyenikan
 Textbook of Medical Physiology.
1 Guyton, Hall. 13th Ep 2016

Lippincotts's Illustrated Reviews

2 Physiology. Preston RR, Wilson TE. 2013
REFERENCES
Essentials of Human Anatomy and
3 Physiology. Hole, 12 th ed, 2015.

Human Physiology, Sherwood L. 9th Ed,

4 2016
 October 2020

Thank you!
Have a great day ahead.