HID AT WORK PLACE

AGENDA

1. Hazard Definition
2. Types of Hazards
3. Hazard Control Process
WHAT IS HAZARD?

Any source of potential damage, harm or adverse health effects

on something or someone

ً �
‫ﻫﻮ ش�ء أو ﺣﺎﻟﺔ �ﺸكﻞ ﺧﻄﺮا ﻣﺤﺘﻤ� ﻟﻺ�ﺴﺎن أو اﻟﺒيﺌﺔ أو ﺗﻠﻒ ﻟﻠﻤﻌﺪات أو اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺞ‬
TYPES OF HAZARD
1. Physical Hazards ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﻄﺒ�ﻌ�ﺔ أو ي ف‬
‫اﻟﻔ��ﺎﺋ�ﺔ‬
2. Mechanical Hazards ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﻤ�كﺎﻧ�ﻜ�ﺔ‬
3. Electrical Hazard ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟ�ﻬ��ﺎﺋ�ﺔ‬
4. Biological Hazards ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﺑ�ﻠﻮﺟ�ﺔ‬
5. Chemical Hazards ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻛ�ﻤ�ﺎﺋ�ﺔ‬
6. Ergonomic Hazards ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ وﺿﻊ ﺟﺴﻢ اﻹ�ﺴﺎن أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
7. Psychological Hazards ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻧﻔﺴ�ﺔ‬
8. Other Safety Hazards ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ أﺧﺮى ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ بﺎﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬
1. PHYSICAL HAZARD
Temperature -Heat/Cold ‫اﻟﺤﺮارة‬

Noise ‫اﻟﻀﻮﺿﺎء‬

Vibrating Equipment �‫ت‬

‫ﻟﻸﻫ�ازات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪات ﻣﻮﻟﺪة‬

Ionizing Radiation ‫اﻹﺷﻌﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻤ��ﻨﺔ‬

Light Intensity “Illumination” ‫ﺷﺪة اﻹﺿﺎءة‬

https://youtu.be/z
4Da0kuYnMI
TEMPERATURE - HEAT/COLD
Heat Stress is the net heat load to which a worker
‫ض‬
.‫اﻟﺼﺎ� اﻟﺬي ﻳﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻪ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﺮاري‬- ‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
is exposed. ‫ف‬ ‫�ﺴﺎﻫﻢ اﻟﺠﻬﻮد اﻟبﺪﻧ�ﺔ واﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﺒيﺌ�ﺔ واﻟﻤﻼ�ﺲ ت‬
�‫اﻟئ ﻳﺘﻢ ارﺗﺪاؤﻫﺎ ي‬
‫ي‬
Physical exertion, environmental factors, and .‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟﺤﺮاري‬
clothing worn all contribute to heat stress.

Early symptoms are feeling sick, weak,

clumsy and/or dizzy. Cramps can also
be caused by heat
TEMPERATURE - HEAT/COLD
Cold stress occurs by driving down the skin ‫�ﺤﺪث اﻹﺟﻬﺎد اﻟبﺎرد ﻋﻦ ﻃ��ﻖ ﺧﻔﺾ‬
‫ف‬
‫و� اﻟﻨﻬﺎ�ﺔ درﺟﺔ‬
‫ادرﺟﺔ ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ي‬
temperature and eventually the internal body ‫ﺣﺮارة اﻟﺠﺴﻢ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠ�ﺔ )درﺟﺔ‬
temperature (core temperature). .(‫اﻟﺤﺮارةﻷﺳﺎﺳ�ﺔ‬

Early symptoms are bouts of shivering, loss

of attention, fatigue, pain in extremities
(nose, ears, fingers, toes) numbness, pins
and needles, skin turns white, damage to
blood vessels and frostbite.
NOISE
The amount of acoustic energy received by an ‫ت‬
‫اﻟي‬
‫كﻤ�ﺔ اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﺼﻮﺗ�ﺔ ي‬
�‫اﻟﺴﻤ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻠﻘﺎﻫﺎ اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬
employee's auditory system when they are working in �‫ﻟﻠﻤﻮﻇﻒ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ �ﻌﻤﻞ ف ي‬
the industry. Threshold limit is 85 dBA, 8 hrs per day, 40 ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ‬

hours per week

Health effect, exposure to loud noise

kills the nerve endings in our inner ear.
Prolonged exposure may result in
permanent hearing loss.
VIBRATION
Occupational health effects of vibration result from extended
periods of contact between a worker and the vibrating surface.
�‫ت‬
.�‫اﻟﻤﻬ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻫ�از ﻣﻦ ت‬
‫ﻓ�ات اﻟﺘﻼﻣﺲ اﻟﻤﻤﺘﺪة ي ف‬
‫ﺑن اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ واﻟﺴﻄﺢ‬ ‫تف‬ ‫ﺗنﺘﺞ اﻵﺛﺎر اﻟﺼﺤ�ﺔ اﻟﻤﻬﻨ�ﺔ‬

Health effect for whole-body vibration: Back

pain
Health effect for hand and arm vibration:
Decreased grip strength
Decreased hand sensation and dexterity
Finger blanching or “white fingers”
IONIZING RADIATION
Forms of ionizing radiation include Gamma rays,
X rays, Alpha particles & Beta particles.
‫�ﺸﻤﻞ أﺷكﺎل اﻹﺷﻌﺎع اﻟﻤ��ﻦ أﺷﻌﺔ ﺟﺎﻣﺎ واﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﺴيﻨ�ﺔ وﺟﺴ�ﻤﺎت‬
‫أﻟﻔﺎ وﺟﺴ�ﻤﺎت ﺑيﺘﺎ‬
Health effect: damage to tissue
and/or organs depends on the
dose of radiation received
 LIGHT INTENSITY “ILLUMINATION”
It includes bright light; ultraviolet (UV) ‫ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ اﻟﻔﻮق‬, ‫�ﺸﻤﻞ اﻟﻀﻮء اﻟﺴﺎﻃﻊ‬
rays; insufficient light; glare; differences ‫ اﻹﺧﺘﻼف‬,�‫كﺎ‬‫ض‬
‫ي‬ �‫اﻟﻐ‬
‫ اﻟﻀﻮء ي‬,‫ﺑﻨﻔﺴﺠ�ﺔ‬
in contrast; differences in light ‫ض‬
‫ اﻟﻤﺼﺎﺑﻴﺢ اﻟﻤتﺴﺨﺔ‬,‫ي� ﺗﻮز� ــﻊ اﻹﺿﺎءة‬
distribution; flicker; incorrect fixture
placement based on the luminaire’s ‫ﻏ�ﻫﺎ‬ ‫و ي‬
spacing criteria; and dirty luminaires and
lamps.

Health effect: too much or too little

light strains eyes and may cause eye
discomfort
 2. MECHANICAL
HAZARD
Construction Hazard “ST”
‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻹ�ﺸﺎءات‬
Scaffold and Suspended Scaffold ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﺴﻘﺎﻻت اﻟﻌﺎد�ﺔ و اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
Hazard “ST”

Excavation & Trenching “ST” ‫أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﻔﺮ‬

‫أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﺘﺪاول و اﻟﺮﻓﻊ‬

Manual Handling and lifting “ST”
‫ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻷوﻧﺎش‬
Crane hazard
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬
Equipment hazard
CRANE HAZARD
Improper load rating
Excessive speeds
No hand signals
Inadequate inspection and maintenance
Unguarded parts
Unguarded swing radius
Bypassed Crane Interlocks
Working too close to power lines
Shattered windows
Not using outriggers
‫ﻣﺧﺎطر اﻷوﻧﺎش‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻤ�ﻞ اﻟﺰاﺋﺪ‬
‫اﻟتﺸﻐ�ﻞ ��ﻋﻪ ﻋﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺪم وﺟﻮد اﺷﺎرات �ﺪو�ﺔ‬
‫ف‬
‫اﻹﻫﻤﺎل � ﻋﻤﻠ�ﺎت اﻟﻔﺤﺺ واﻟﺼ�ﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫ﻏ� ﻣﺤﻤ�ﺔ‬‫أﺟﺰاء ﻣﺘﺤﺮﻛﻪ ي‬
‫ﺗﺄﻣن ﻣﺠﺎل دوران ًﺻيﻨ�ﻪ اﻟﻮ�ﺶ‬
‫ﻋﺪم ي ن‬
‫ﺗﺨ� ﻛﻮﻣﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ اﻟﻮ�ﺶ‬
‫ي‬
�‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ بﺎﻟﻘﺮب ﻣﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺠﻬﺪ اﻟﻌﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻮاﻓﺬ ﻣﺤﻄﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻋﺪم إﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﺮكﺎﺋﺰ اﻟﺨﺎرﺟ�ﺔ‬
 EQUIPMENT HAZARD ‫ﻣﺧﺎطر اﻟﻣﻌدات‬
Crushing hazards ‫ﺧطر اﻟﺳﺣﻖ‬ Trapping/drawing in ‫اﻻﺻطﯾﺎد أو اﻟﺳﺣب‬

Entanglement hazards ‫ﻣﺧﺎطر اﻟﺗﺷﺎﺑك‬ Shearing hazards ‫ﻣﺧﺎطر اﻟﻘص‬

EQUIPMENT HAZARD ‫ﻣﺧﺎطر اﻟﻣﻌدات‬

Impact hazards ‫ﺧطر اﻟﺻدﻣﺔ‬ Cutting hazards ‫ﻣﺧﺎطر اﻟﻘطﻊ‬

Friction and abrasion ‫ﻣﺧﺎطر اﻻﺣﺗﻛﺎك واﻟﺗﺂﻛل‬ Stabbing and puncturing

hazards hazards ‫ﻣﺧﺎطر اﻟطﻌن‬
 3. ELECTRICAL HAZARD
Exposure to electrical current
Electrical unsafe conditions
• Inadequate wiring
• Exposed electrical parts
• Overhead powerlines
• Wires with bad insulation
• Electrical systems and tools that are not
grounded
‫ﺧطر اﻟﻛﮭرﺑﺎء‬
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﺘ�ﺎر ﻛﻬ��ﺎء‬
Electrical shock
Received when current passes through the body
Severity of the shock depends on:
• Path of current through the body
• Amount of current flowing through the body
• Length of time the body is in the circuit
4. BIOLOGICAL HAZARD
Refer to biological substances that pose a threat to the health of living
organisms, primarily that of humans. This can include medical waste or
samples of a microorganism, viruses, or toxins (from a biological source) that
can affect human health.
ً � ‫�ﺸ� إ� اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﺒﻴﻮﻟﻮﺟ�ﺔ ت‬
‫ �ﻤﻜﻦ أن �ﺸﻤﻞ ذﻟﻚ‬.‫ وﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺻﺤﺔ اﻹ�ﺴﺎن‬، ‫اﻟئ �ﺸكﻞ ﺗﻬﺪ�ﺪا ﻟﺼﺤﺔ اﻟ�ﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤ�ﺔ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
‫ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮ�( ت‬
‫اﻟي �ﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺆﺛﺮ‬
‫ي‬ ‫ب ي‬ ‫اﻟﻔ�وﺳﺎت أو اﻟﺴﻤﻮم )ﻣﻦ ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫اﻟﻨﻔﺎ�ﺎت اﻟﻄﺒ�ﺔ أو ﻋﻴﻨﺎت اﻟ�ﺎﺋﻨﺎت اﻟﺤ�ﺔ اﻟﺪﻗ�ﻘﺔ أو ي‬
.‫ﻋ� ﺻﺤﺔ اﻹ�ﺴﺎن‬
5. CHEMICAL HAZARD
Caused by exposure to chemicals in the workplace. Exposure to chemicals in the
workplace can cause acute or long-term detrimental health effects.
� ‫ �ﻤﻜﻦ أن �ﺴبﺐ اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟ��ﻤ�ﺎﺋ�ﺔ ض� ﻣكﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬.‫ﻧﺎﺟﻤﺔ ﻋﻦ اﻟﺘﻌﺮض ﻟﻠﻤﻮاد اﻟ��ﻤ�ﺎﺋ�ﺔ ض� ﻣكﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫آﺛﺎرا ﺻﺤ�ﺔ ﺣﺎدة أو ﻃ��ﻠﺔ‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ي‬
.‫اﻟﻤﺪى ﺿﺎرة‬

Types of chemical hazards,

Corrosive, toxic, flammable, or reactive substances.
Involves a release of energy ranging from "not
violent" to "explosive" and "capable of detonation"
6. ERGONOMIC HAZARD
arise from the nature of the work being done which may include force, incorrect
posture, position of operation characteristics that require hazardous lifting, lowering,
pushing, pulling, and twisting.

�
� ‫وﺧﻔﻀﺎ و‬ � ‫اﻟى ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ‬
‫ت‬
‫دﻓﻌﺎ‬ ‫رﻓﻌﺎ‬ ‫ بﻌﺾ اﻷﻋﻤﺎل ي‬، ‫ﻏ� ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬
‫ وﺿﻊ ي‬،‫ﺗنﺸﺄ ﻣﻦ �ﻃﺒ�ﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ اﻟﺠﺎري اﻟﺬي ﻗﺪ �ﺸﻤﻞ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻘﻮى‬
�‫ي‬
.‫ﺧﻄ�ا‬ �
‫وﺳﺤبﺎ وﻟﻔﺎ‬

Health effect: musculoskeletal disorders,

carpal tunnel syndrome, sprains to muscles
7. PSYCHOLOGICAL HAZARD

Phobias – Fear of heights, water, CS etc ‫اﻟﺮﻫﺎب اﻟﺸﺪ�ﺪ‬

Drugs and Alcohol ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺪرات واﻟ�ﺤﻮﻟ�ﺎت‬

Stress and Fatigue �‫اﻹﺟﻬﺎد واﻟﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﻨﻔ‬

Shift Work ‫ﺗﻐﻴ� اﻟﻮرادى‬

‫ي‬

Abuse from other personnel (verbal, ‫اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟ�ء ﻣﻦ اﻵﺧ��ﻦ‬

etc)
8. OTHER SAFETY HAZARD

Hazardous energy “ST” ‫اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟ�ﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬

Welding, Cutting and Brazing “ST” ‫أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻠﺤﺎم و اﻟﻘﻄﻊ و اﻟﺠﻠﺦ‬

Confined Spaces “ST” ‫اﻷﻣﺎ�ﻦ اﻟﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬

Compressed gas “ST” ‫اﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﻐﺎز اﻟﻤﻀﻐﻮﻃﺔ‬

Slips, Trips and falls “ST” � ‫اﻻﻧﺰﻻق و‬

‫اﻟﺘﻌ� و اﻟﺴﻘﻮط‬
‫ف‬
Working from Heights “ST” ‫اﻷﻋﻤﺎل ي� اﻷﻣﺎ�ﻦ اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻔﻌﺔ‬
HAZARDOUS ENERGY ‫اﻟطﺎﻗﺔ اﻟﻛﺎﻣﻧﺔ‬
Stored potential energy can be released suddenly during work
causing injury or death
‫ف‬
‫�ﻤﻜﻦ إﻃﻼق اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ اﻟ�ﺎﻣﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﻓﺠﺄة أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳتﺴبﺐ ي� اﻹﺻﺎبﺔ أو اﻟﻮﻓﺎة‬

Types of potential Energy

Energy stored in machinery
Weights& Springs
Pressure
Pneumatic
Hydraulic
SIX-STEP HAZARD CONTROL PROCESS
1-Identifying workplace hazards
2-Analyzing the workplace.
3-Developing solutions
4-Writing recommendations
5-Taking action
6-Evaluating the results
‫اﻟﺘﻌﺮف ﻋ� ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮ ﻣكﺎن اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺤﻠ�ﻞ ﻫﺬە اﻟﻤﺨﺎﻃﺮ‬
‫ﺿﻊ اﻟﺤﻠﻮل اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳبﻪ‬
‫ﺳﺠﻞ ﻫﺬە اﻟﺘﻮﺻ�ﺎت‬
‫ﻃﺒﻖ ﻫﺬە اﻟﺘﻮﺻ�ﺎت‬
‫ﻗ�ﻢ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
WELDING AND CUTTING HAZARDS ‫ﻣﺧﺎطر اﻟﻠﺣﺎم و اﻟﻘطﻊ‬
Main causes of fires in welding and cutting—flying sparks
‫اﻟﺴبﺐ اﻟﺮﺋ�� ﻟﻠﺤﺮاﺋﻖ ﺗﻄﺎﻳﺮ ش‬
‫اﻟ�ر ﻣﻦ أﻋﻤﺎل اﻟﻠﺤﺎم واﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬ ‫ي‬
Sparks can travel up to 35 feet (10 meters) on a horizontal
direction from the work area. ‫ت‬ � ‫�ﻤﻜﻦ ث‬
�‫ ﻣ‬10 ‫ﻟﻠ�ارە أن ﺗنﺘﻘﻞ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت أ�� ﻣﻦ‬

Note: Sparks can travel greater distances when falling.

‫ا�� ﻣﻊ وﺟﻮد ﺗ�ﺎر ﻫﻮاء‬ ‫و�ﻤﻜﻦ ش‬
‫ﻟﻠ�ارە أن ﺗﺘﻄﺎﻳﺮ ا� ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ب‬