PRAYE

R
MISSION
VISION
KATANGIAN AT ADHIKAIN NI
TOMAS CLAUDIO
REVIEW
ELEMENTS EXPOSED TO
HAZARD
1)PHYSICAL HAZARD
2)CULTURAL HAZARD
3)ECONOMIC HAZARD
4)ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
BASIC CONCEPT OF
HAZARD
 HAZARD
is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health,
property or environment. Most hazards are dormant or
potential, with only a theoretical risk of harm; however,
once a hazard becomes “ ACTIVE “ it can create an
emergency. A hazardous situation that has come to pass is
called an incident. Hazard and possibility interact together to
create risk (Stefanik, 2013)
 By its nature, a hazard involves something that could potentially be
harmful to a person’s life, health, property, or the environment. One key
concept in identifying a hazard is the presence of stored energy that, when
released, can cause damage. Stored energy can occur in many forms:
chemical, mechanical, thermal, radioactive, electrical, etc. Another class
of hazard does not involve release of stored energy; rather it involves the
presence of hazardous situations. Examples include confined or limited
egress spaces, oxygen-depleted atmospheres, awkward positions,
repetitive motions, low-hanging or protruding objects, etc.
 Hazards may be categorized into natural and
anthropogenic hazards. Climate and weather-related
hazards, such as typhoons and drought, as well as
geophysical hazards, like earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions and tsunamis, are natural hazard.
Anthropogenic or man-made hazards include
deforestation, mining and climate change.
 Identification of hazard risks is the first step in performing a
risk assessment. The three modes of hazards are the following:
1. DORMANT. The situation presents a potential hazard, but no
people, property or environment is currently affected.
2. ARMED. It refers to people, property, or environment
3. ACTIVE. A harmful incident involving the hazard has
actually occurred. Often this is referred to not as an “active
hazard” but as an accident, emergency, incident, or disaster
COMMON TYPES OF HAZARDS
 1. CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Chemical can affect the skin by contract or the body
either through the digestive system or through the lungs if
air in contaminated with chemicals, vapor, mist or dust.
There can be an acute (immediate) effect, or a Chronic
(medium to long-term) effect from the accumulation of
chemicals or substance in or on the body
 EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Effects on central nervous system, lungs, digestive system,
circulatory system, skin, reproductive system
Short term(ACUTE) effects such as burns, rashes, irritation,
feeling unwell, coma and death
Long term(Chronic) effects such as mutagenic (affects cell
structure), carcinogenic(Cancer), teratogenic(Reproductive
effect), dermatitis of the skin, and occupational asthma and
lung damage.
UTAGENI CARCINOGE DERMATITI
C NIC S
 2. NOISE
HAZARDS
Excessive noise can disrupt concentration,
interfere with communication, and result in loss of
hearing. High impact noises are particularly
damaging. Noise can also mask out signals,
affecting communication or danger warnings
 EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
High levels of industrial noise will cause
irritation in the short term, and industrial
deafness in the long term.
 3. RADIATION HAZARDS
Equipment such as radioactive gauging devices or the
radioactive trace element used in analytical chemistry
produce ionizing radiation. Non-ionizing radiation covers
infrared radiation(heat-producing processes), lasers,
ultraviolet radiation(welding, sunlight), and microwaves
(high-frequency welders, freeze drying)
 EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Radiation can have serious health effects.
Skin cancer, other cancers, sterility, birth
deformities, blood changes, skin burns and eye
damage are examples.
 4. ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
These include the risk of injury from all
forms of electrical energy
 EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
ELECTRICAL SHOCK. Result in Electrocution, falls or movement into machinery
BURNS. Results in burning of body and organs
ARC BLAST. Result in electrocution and other body injuries
 5. LIGHTING HAZARDS
Inadequate lighting levels are a potential safety
hazard. A common problem area is the reaction
time needed for the eyes to adjust from brightly
lit to a darker environment – such as a forklift
driver coming indoors from bright sunlight.
Temporary is often inadequate.
 EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
The Acute effects of poor illumination are
Eye strain
Headache
Eye pain
Congestion around the cornea
Eye fatigue
The Chronic effects of the health
Miner’s nystagmus
 6. VIBRATION HAZARDS
This includes whole body vibration – for example,
truck drivers, people standing on vibrating platforms, and
operators of mobile equipment – and also more localized
vibration effects from such equipment as hand tools,
chainsaws, and pneumatic hammers.
 EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Whole body vibration may cause
Increase in oxygen consumption.
Increase in pulmonary ventilation and cardiac output. Affects CNCs, damages internal
organs.
Difficulty in maintaining steady posture.
Effects on visual acuity and narrows the field of vision.
Marked changes in bone structure –
Spondylitis
Deformations
Intervertebral Osteochondrosis
Calcification of the intervertebral disc.
 7. TEMPERATURE HAZARDS
Extremes of cold or heat can cause problems
such as tiredness, vulnerability to infections or
reduced capacity to work.
 EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Personal comfort is best between temperatures of 16°C
and 30°C, better between 21°C and 26°C. working
outside these temperature ranges may lead to becoming
chilled, even hypothermia (deep body cooling) in the
colder temperatures, and may lead to dehydration,
cramps, heat exhaustion, and hyperthermia(heat stroke) in
the warmer temperatures.
 8. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
These include insects, bacteria, fungi, plants,
worms, animals and viruses.
 EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
more common in the health, food and agricultural industries. Effects such as infectious
disease, rashes and allergic response.
 9. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS
Ergonomics (the “fit” between people and their
work) covers risk of injury from manual handling
procedures, incorrectly designed desks or
workstation, audio and visual alarms, and color
coding control mechanisms.
 EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs)
Mild
 Joint pain
 Swelling
 Sciatica
 Acute lower back pain
Serious
 Epicondylitis(Tennis Elbow)
 Raynaud’s Phenomenon (White Finger)
 Chronic lower back pain
 10. PHYSICAL HAZARDS
these include a wide range of injury risks – as diverse
as being caught in or by machinery, buried in trenches or
hurt by collapsing machinery. This category also includes
the hazards from working in confined spaces, being hit by
flying objects, caught in explosions, falling from heights
and tripping on obstacles
 EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH
Becoming entangled in machinery. Effects could be crushing,
lacerations, bruising, breaks amputation and death.
excessive effort, poor posture and repetition can all lead to
muscular pain, tendon damage and deterioration to bones and
related structures
THE END