Learning Activity Sheet Number:3.

1- Lesson Title:Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedures

11- Objectives:

At the end of the session, the students can identity Hazards and Risks by: 1. Distinguishing the
difference between hazard and risk.

2. Understanding the different types of hazards, and

3. Analyzing the statement and identifying if it is correct or wrong..

Reference/s: Deped Learning module " JOES Bookstore/Textbook⚫ Tesda module

IV- Values: Perseverance

A. ACTIVITY (Motivation) Differentiate hazards ad risk .

B. CONCEPT NOTES:

HAZARDS AND RISKS AND ITS EFFECTS

A hazard is a situation that poses a level of threat to life, health, property, or environment. Most
hazards are dormant or potential, with only a theoretical risk of harm. However, once a hazard
becomes "active". It can create an emergency situation. A hazard does not exist when it is not
happening. A hazardous situation that has come to pass is called an incident. Hazard and
vulnerability interact together to create risk.

Hazards are sometimes classified into three modes: Dormant - The situation has the potential to be
hazardous, but no people, property.or
environment is currently affected by this. For instance, a hillside may beunstable, with the potential
for a landslide, but there is nothing below or on thehillside that could be affected.

Armed - People, property, or environment are in potential harm's way. Active A harmful incident
involving the hazard has actually occurred. Often this isreferred to not as an "active hazard" but as
an accident, emergency, incident,or disaster.

TYPES OF HAZARDS

1. Biological - A biological hazard is one originating from an organism that is foreign (in presence or

concentration) to the organism being affected. Many biological hazards are associated with food,
including certain viruses, parasites, fungi, bacteria, and plant and seafood toxins. Pathogenic
Campylobacter and Salmonella are common food borne biological hazards. The hazards from these
bacteria can be avoided through risk mitigation steps such as proper handling, storing, and cooking
of food. Disease in humans can

come from biological hazards in the form of infection by bacteria, viruses, or parasites. 2. Chemical A
chemical can be considered a hazard if by virtue of its intrinsic properties can cause harm or danger
to humans, property, or the environment. Some chemicals occur naturally in certain geological
formations, such as radon gas or arsenic. Other chemicals include products with commercial uses,
such as agricultural and industrial chemicals, as well as products developed for home use. Pesticides,
which are normally used to control unwanted insects and plants, may cause a variety of negative
effects on non-target

organisms.

3. Mechanical- A mechanical hazard is any hazard involving a machine or process. Motor vehicles,
aircraft. and air bags pose mechanical hazards. Compressed gases or liquids can also be considered a
mechanical

hazard.

4. Physical- A physical hazard is a naturally occurring process that has the potential to create loss or
damage. Physical hazards include, but are not limited to, earthquakes, floods, and tornadoes.
Physical hazards often have both human and natural elements. Flood problems can be affected by
climate fluctuations and storm frequency, both natural elements, and by land drainage and building
in a flood plain, human elements. Another physical hazard. X-rays, are naturally occurring from solar
radiation, but have been utilized by humans

for medical purposes; however, overexposure can lead to cancer, skin burns, and tissue damage.

5. Ergonomic- It is a physical factor within the environment that harms the musculoskeletal system.
Ergonomic hazards include uncomfortable workstation height and poor body positioning. Ergonomic
hazards are caused by poorly designed workplaces or processes. Examples are poor lighting, or a job
that requires you to repeat the same movement over and over. An office receptionist that has to
type an abundant amount of documents may be affected by ergonomic hazards. If she/he is not
seated they will have back pain, neck pain, bad eye sight and leg cramps.

One of the most basic health practices in any workplace is having it free from common workplace
hazard. Workplace hazards vary from one working environment to another. Because there are so
many types of hazards, the three that will be discussed are mechanical hazards, biological hazards,
and chemical hazards.

Effect of Hazards In Workplace

1. Mechanical Hazards- The severity of the injury depends on mostly how the accident happens like
slips, and entanglement. It is the responsibility of the company to make sure all risks are minimized.

falls

2. Chemical Hazards- Everywhere around us see chemical and mixture of chemicals. Some chemicals
are

acidic while some are extremely volatile. The workplace health risks involved any particular chemical
is hard to determine without first knowing what exactly the chemical is and what environment it is
in. 3. Biological Hazards- Viruses, diseases and other forms of sickness and biological hazards are the
hardest to

manage when it comes to the workplace. The most common areas of transmitting disease are in
public areas

and at work so workplace health is seriously threatened by biological hazards. One more reason why
biological
hazards are hard to manage is their ability to travel from place to place.

Hazard vs. Risk-The terms hazard and risk are often used interchangeably, however, in terms of risk
assessment. these are two very distinct terms. As defined above, a hazard is any biological, chemical,
mechanical, or physical agent that is reasonably likely to cause harm or damage to humans or the
environment with sufficient exposure or dose. Risk is defined as the probability that exposure to a
hazard will lead to a negative

consequence, or more simply, Risk Hazard x Dose (Exposure). Safety Precautions In Doing Household
Tasks

Wear appropriate clothing and shoes for your job. Know the location of fire extinguishers and first
aid kits.

Use a hard hat if there is a risk of falling objects. Wear gloves when handling toxic substances or
sharp objects.

Wear goggles when there is a hazard to your eyes. Use safety harnesses if there is a danger of falling.

Wear non-skid shoes when working on slippery surfaces or lifting heavy objects,

Wear a breathing mask.

Use all protective equipment intended for your task including seat belts, protective headgear or

clothing and safety glasses. C. INDIVIDUAL PRACTICE

Activity1.Write TRUE if the statement is true if it is false, underline the words that makes statement
wrong and write the correct word to make the statement true. Write your answer on the space
provided before

the number.

1. A hazard is a condition that poses a level of the life, health, property, or environment.
9. Compressed gases or liquids can also be considered a

threat 2. The situation has the potential to be hazardous,

mechanical hazard.

10. Pesticides are normally used to control unwanted

but no people, property, or environment is

insects and plants may cause a variety of negative effects on non-target organisms.

currently affected by this is categorized active 3. For every company, all job descriptions must

hazard.

11. A hazardous situation that has come to pass is called

have occupational hazards.

an accident. 12. Regular medical check-ups that will monitor the

4. Accident prone areas should have signs that wam people.

employees' health can also prevent the transfer of

5. Risk is defined as the probability that exposure

diseases between employees.

to a hazard will lead to a positive consequence.

13. A biological hazard is one originating from an organ that is foreign to the organism being
affected. 14. Motor vehicles, aircraft, and air bags pose

6. All chemicals are hazardous to man. 7. Ergonomics hazards include earthquakes,

floods, and tornadoes. 8. Ergonomics is a physical factor within the

mechanical hazards. 15. Removing occupational hazards is only one way of

environment that harms the musculoskeletal system.

improving worker protection.

Integration

Do not take your safety for granted in the course of your duty. Protect yourself from slips, trips, and
falls; cuts and wounds: strain and sprain; and poisoning.

D. CLOSURE

1. Why do we need to be aware and knowledgeable about occupational health and safety?