Improving students Vocabulary Ability Using Jigsaw Method

By

SURAHMAN KURNIA

H0116509

ENGLISH EDUCATION MAJORS

UNIVERSITAS SULAWESI BARAT

MAJENE

2021
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

This chapter present the background of the study, the research question of the study, the
objective of the research, the significance of the research, and the scope of the research.

A. Background

English becomes the most essential language in the world. Almost all the people
from many different countries around the world use it to communicate. The area of
English has always become a special interest. It is because of the importance of English
in any scope of our lives. English holds the key of position as an international language.
For countries whose mother tongue is not English, English is taught to its citizens in
education, including Indonesia. According to[CITATION Dep03 \n \l 1033 ] Language is a
means of
communication for people to use. Among language in the world, English is placed in
highest priority to choose since people from many countries use it to communicate each
other orally or written. There are four skills to learn in English as well as four language
components to teach such as grammar, pronunciation, spelling and vocabulary. Of those
components, vocabulary is the crucial one in requiring and understanding language, good
vocabulary goes hand in hand with an ability to think logically and to learn easily and
quickly. A good deal range of vocabulary and an ability to use words correctly and
effectively can be a passport to worlds of interesting and exciting information.
From those problems mentioned previously then the writer considered to use jigsaw as
one of techniques in teaching vocabulary. and this study has been entitled “Improving
students Vocabulary Ability Using Jigsaw Method”

Research Questions

In relation to background above, researcher found that the problem is students

difficult to use the foreign language which in this case is English. So, the research will be
conducted to discover the answer of these following question:
 1. What are the students’ difficulties in speaking English?

B. Objective of the Research

Based on formulation of problem, the objectives of the research are as follows:

1. To find out what are the students’ difficulties in speaking English.

C. Significance of the Research

This research is will be expect to be useful and help students, teachers, and for future
researchers.
The results of this study are expected that students have the same difficulties that
have been found by several previous researchers. The research is expect to find
outwhether the factors that have been found by previous researchers are in accordance
with the problems faced by students in the field. This research is expect to be useful and
helpful for researchers who will becometeachers and for the teachers themselves.
D. Scope of The Research

Research is limited to the subject and object under study.

1. Subject
The subjects of this study were students at SMKN 5 Majene. Majene Regency
Academic Year 2020/2021.
2. Objects
The object of this research is the students’ difficulties in speaking English.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter deals with the previous findings, some pertinent ideas, and resume.

A. Some Previous Findings

First, there is a research conducted by BAIQ RAHMAWATI YENDRA,

onNovember 20- November 21 2017, AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS’ PROBLEMS IN
MASTERING SPEAKING SKILL FACED BY THE FIRST SEMESTER OF THE
TWELFTH GRADE AT SMAN 3 KOTABUMI LAMPUNG UTARA IN THE
ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2017/2018. The problem in this research is What are "The
Problems in Mastering Speaking Skill Faced by The First Semester of The Twelfth Grade
at SMAN 3 Kotabumi Lampung Utara" and What are “The Causes of Problem in
Speaking Faced by The First Semester of The Twelfth Grade at SMAN 3 Kotabumi
Lampung Utara"These problems were discussed through a Qualitative Research
conducted at SMAN 3 Kotabumi Lampung Utara. This research is a Qualitative
Research, namely the data obtained such as the results of observations, interviews,
questionnaires. The data needed in this study were obtained through , observations,
interviews, questionnaires. While the data analysis used was data reduction, data display,
and conclusion drawing or verification. The results of this study are first, researcher
found that the students’ problem in mastering speaking were: lack of vocabulary,
pronunciation, grammar, fluency and comprehends/understood English well. Second, the
causes of problem that students faced in mastering speaking skill were the students’
unconfident to speak English, fear to make mistakes when speaking, anxiety when
teacher asked to speak up, and shy to perform in front of class. Furthermore students lack
motivation
 Second, there is a study conducted bySITI RATNA AYU, on September 14 to
October 3 2018, AN ANALYSIS OF THE STUDENTS’ PROBLEM IN
LEARNINGSPEAKING AT THE FIRST SEMESTER OF THE ELEVENTHGRADE
STUDENTS OF SMKN 6 BANDAR LAMPUNGIN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2018.
The problem in this research is What are "The Students’ Problem in Learning Speaking at
TheFirst Semesterof The Eleventh Grade Students of SMKN 6 Bandar Lampung in
AcademicYear 2018/2019" and What are “The Causes of Problem in Speaking Faced by
The First Semester of The Eleventh Grade Students of SMKN 6 Bandar Lampung in
Academic Year 2018/2019"These problems were discussed through a Qualitative
Research conducted at SMKN 6 Bandar Lampung. This research is a Qualitative
Research, namely the data obtained such as the results of observation and questionnaire.
The data needed in this study were obtained through , observation and questionnaire.
While the data analysis used was data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing or
verification. The results of this study are first,The students’ problem in learning speaking
are students perception that they do not know the aspects of language that enable
production in learning speaking, they are lack of vocabulary, limited of grammar
knowledge, limited of pronunciation, never practice to speak English, minimum
opportunities and nervousness. Second, the cause of the problem in learning speaking are
inhibition, nothing to say, environment factor and mostly mother tongue used.
 Third, there is a study conducted by Catur Widyasworo, STUDENTS’
DIFFICULTIES IN SPEAKING ENGLISHATTHETENTH GRADE OF SEKOLAH
MENENGAH KEJURUAN. The problem in this research is What are “The Students’
Difficulties in Speaking" and How to “Describe Strategies Used by Teacher to Overcome
The Speaking Problem" These problems were discussed through a Qualitative Research
conducted at SMK N 2 Purworejo. This research is a descriptive qualitative data analysis,
namely the data obtained such as the results of documentation, questionnaire and
interview. The data needed in this study were obtained through , documentation,
questionnaire and interview. While the data analysis used was Technique of analyzing the
instrument of documentation that was students speaking score consist of calculating the
data, categorizing the data. Technique of analyzing the data of questionnaire consist of
identifying the data, tabulating the data, calculating the data. Meanwhile, technique of
analyzing the instrument of interview consist of analyzing and describing the result of
interview then writing conclusion base on the data analysis. The results of this study are
first, the mean score of students skill in speaking is 64.8. It belongs to sufficient category.
The students’ speaking difficulties covered linguistic and non linguistics problems. The
linguistic problems include lack of vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar knowledge.
While, the non linguistic problems is inhibition, nothing to say, uneven participant,
mother tounge interference,anxiety, shyness, lack of self confidence and low motivation.
Second, to solve the problems, the teacher has strategies such as drilling, brainstorming,
role playing and giving the students motivation.
Based on the research findings above, researchers can conclude that there are
similarities between these studies where the similarity is the purpose of this study is to
find out what are the factors of difficulty experienced by students.And researcher wants
to find out whether the problems or difficulties experienced by students in the field are in
accordance with the results that have been found by previous researchers
B. Pertinent Ideas

There are several definitions of teacher effort, character education and discipline put
forward by different experts, some of the definitions we have put forward below:

1.The efforts of the teacher

a. Understanding teacher effort

According to the Drafting [ CITATION Tim \l 1033 ]effort is an effort,

reason or effort to achieve a goal, solve problems, and find solutions, and so on.
Then an effort is an effort made with a specific purpose so that all existing
problems can be resolved properly and can achieve the expected goals.

In this case, the class teacher's effort in shaping student character is the role of
a teacher to shape student character with an activity or method continuously carriy
out by educators to students at MTsN Majene Kab. Majene is an effort to shape
the character of students from the age of MI / SD, so that the output generated
from the role of the teacher is nothing but internalizing the character values
towards students so that it raises attitudes and behaviors that have noble
characters [ CITATION Nas111 \l 1033 ].

2. Character Education

a. Definition of character

[ CITATION Mas \l 1033 ]states that character is the values of human

behavior related to God Almighty, oneself, fellow humans, the environment, and
nationality, which are manifested in thoughts, attitudes, feelings, words, and
actions based on religious norms, law, etiquette , culture, and customs.
 Furthermore[ CITATION Muc \l 1033 ] argues that character can be
interpreted as a basic value that builds a person's personality, is formed both due
to the influence of heredity and environmental influences, which distinguishes
him from others, and is manifested in his attitudes and behavior in everyday life.
Similar opinion was also conveyed by [ CITATION Agu \l 1033 ], that
character is a way of thinking and behaving that characterizes each individual to
live and work together, both within the sphere of family, society, nation and state.

According to[ CITATION Jam11 \l 1033 ]Character is a characteristic

possessed by an object or individual. These characteristics are genuine and rooted
in the personality of the object or individual, and are the machines that drive how
a person acts, speaks, and responds to something.

b. Definition of character education

Character education is an effort to educate children so that they can make

wise decisions and apply these in their daily lives so that they can make a positive
contribution to their surrounding environment. Character values that need to be
instilled in children are universal values in which all religions, traditions and
cultures must uphold these values. These universal values must be able to become
the glue for all members of society even though they have different cultural,
ethnic and religious backgrounds [ CITATION Rat \l 1033 ].

In Islamic view character is defined as morals. According to [ CITATION

Ami75 \l 1033 ]that the purpose of moral education (ethics) is not only
knowing views or theories, even half of that goal is to influence and encourage
our will to form a holy life and produce goodness and perfection and benefit
fellow humans. then ethics is to encourage the will to do good, but it does not
always succeed if it is not obeyed by human sanctity.
 Therefore, character education is a system of inculcating good character
values for all involved and as school members so that they have knowledge,
awareness, and action in implementing these values [ CITATION Azzet \l 1033
]. Character education can also be interpreted as: "The deliberate use of all
dimensions of school life to foster optimal character development " [ CITATION
Wib12 \l 1033 ].

From some of the opinions of the experts above, it can be shown that
character is a universal value of human behavior, found in individuals who are
individual personality traits that are different from others, in the form of attitudes,
thoughts, and actions. The characteristics of each individual are useful for living
and working together, both within the sphere of family, society, nation and state.

3. Discipline

a. Definition of discipline

Discipline is obeying a rule with one's own awareness for the creation of
that goal [ CITATION Sub941 \l 1033 ].

Discipline is the willingness to obey rules and restrictions. Compliance

here is not only obedient because of external pressures, but compliance which is
based on an awareness of the value and importance of these regulations and
prohibitions [ CITATION Ind73 \l 1033 ].

Discipline is the training of the mind, feeling, will and character, the
training of developing and controlling feelings, thoughts, will and character to
give birth to obedience and regular behavior [ CITATION Suk \l 1033 ].
 Discipline comes from the word discipline that gets conflicted, which
means training of the mind and character with the intention that all of his actions
always obey the order [ CITATION Poe \l 1033 ]

Discipline is obedience to rules or regulations. Order means a set of rules

that apply to create orderly and orderly conditions [ CITATION Moe83 \l 1033 ].

b. Types of discipline

The discipline groupings are as follows :

1.)Personal discipline is something that must be obeyed or abandoned and there is

a process of one's attitude towards it.
2.) This social discipline is a discipline that is related to society or also to the
environment, to fulfill their respective duties obediently and consciously.
3). National discipline, namely the awareness and obedience of every citizen to
implement rules and prohibitions in the life of the nation and state.

Furthermore, George R, Terry who is quoted by[ CITATION Suk1 \l 1033 ] states that
there are two kinds of discipline, namely:

1.) Self-imposed discipline

Is a discipline that arises from within because of the impulse of one's own
feelings, will and thoughts to obey or do it yourself.

2.) Command discipline

Is a discipline that arises because of and is afraid of the consequences of
punishment. Thus there is discipline that arises from one's own impulse to
obey the rules, and there is discipline that arises because of compulsion. So a
good work discipline is one that arises without coercion. It is very accurate to
say that George R, Terry stated that discipline that arises from oneself is the
 most effective discipline. This is caused by efforts to move the administration
appropriately.

c. Types of disciplinary behavior

1). Discipline in using time is being able to make the best use or use of time.
Because time is very valuable and one of the keys to success is to be able to use
time properly.
2). Discipline in worship is worship by obeying the rules contained therein.
Discipline in worship is very necessary, because God Almighty always
encourages his people to be disciplined.
3). Discipline in the life of the nation and state is the discipline that is crucial to
the process of achieving educational goals, if there is erosion of discipline, the
achievement of educational goals will be hampered.

Various kinds of disciplines require the person concerned to be

responsible by obeying the rules or orders that apply to a system in which he is
located. A person who has been embedded in discipline will do something in
accordance with the norms and regulations that apply where he is. Attitudes and
actions that always obey the existing regulations are the manifestation of
disciplined behavior.

d. Discipline goals

According to Ellen G. White, discipline has the following objectives:

1). Command upon yourself

2). Conquering the power of will
3). Fixing habits
4). Teaches parental and divine respect
5). Obedience on the basis of principles
 6). Destroy the demon castle

Meanwhile, according to Emile Burkehim, the objectives of discipline are as

follows:

1). To develop an order in human action

2). To provide a specific goal while limiting the horizon.

e. Discipline benefits

Teaching discipline to children is an obligation, if it is not taught

discipline then children who grow up will not have rules so that it can be
troublesome for parents. One of the good morals is discipline. The benefits
ofdisciplinenamely:

1) Cultivate sensitivity
Children grow up to be sensitive or have delicate personalities and are
trusted in others. Attitudes like this will make it easier for him to express his
feelings to others, including his parents. As a result, children will easily
understand other people's feelings too.
2) Growing care
Children care about the needs and interests of others, discipline makes
children have integrity, in addition to being able to take responsibility, are
able to solve problems well and learn something easily.
3) Teaches regularity
Children have a regular lifestyle and are able to manage their time well.
4) Cultivate calm
Research shows, babies who are calm or rarely cry are more able to pay
attention to their surroundings properly, in the next stage they quickly interact
with other people.
5) Cultivate a self-confident attitude
 This attitude grows when children are given the confidence to do
something they can do on their own.

6) Fostering independence
With independence, children can be controlled to meet their own needs.
Children can also explore the environment well. Discipline is guidance for
children who are able to make wise choices.
7) Cultivate intimacy
Children become familiar and friendly to others quickly because their
ability to adapt is more pronounced.
8) Helps brain development
At the age of the first 3 years, the child's brain growth accelerates. At this
age, A becomes a very good behavior imitator. If he is able to absorb the
discipline exemplified by his parents, then discipline from an early age will
form positive habits and attitudes.
9) Helping a difficult child
For example, a child with hyperactivity, late development, or
temperament, by applying discipline, the child with special needs will be able
to live a better life.
10) Cultivate obedience
The real result of applying discipline is obedience. Anaka will obey the
rules that parents apply on their own accord.

According to Andrias Harefa Discipline is the process of training the mind

and character, which increases the ability to control oneself and fosters obedience
or obedience to certain rules or values.

C. Conceptual Framework

From the description above, the researcher will further examine the teacher's
efforts in shaping the character of student discipline at MTsN 1 Majene. Majene
Regency. Madrasas are schools that are characterized by Islam, so madrasas should be
able to shape the character of student discipline.

Character building is an effort to foster the development of a child's soul, both

physically and mentally, from their natural nature and towards the civilization of society
and the nation in general.

Character or disposition is an inner nature that influences all thoughts, behavior,

manners and traits possessed by humans or other living creatures. Character is a system
of inculcating good character values to all involved and as school members, so that they
have knowledge, awareness, and action in carrying out these values. The teacher
dimension is an important factor in educational activities at schools / madrasahs. The
duties and roles of teachers are not only limited to conveying knowledge, but also
educating and shaping the character of discipline in students.

Therefore, character education needs to be instilled in students. Character

education that is understood partially and is not on target is actually not beneficial for the
character building of students. So the character formation of student discipline that is
carried out needs attention in educational institutions and all levels of society and
government, as well as how the role of teaching staff and employees is in building the
character of students.

One of them is character education which is carried out in schools. Through

programs and school culture, it is hoped that students will gain understanding and
experience through exemplary and habituation regarding character values given both
through intra-school and extra-school activities as a reference for behavior and behavior.
Teachers’ efforts to apply
students discipline during
online learning
The ways of the teacher :
 The application of
discipline
 How to support
learning goals with
discipline
Student’s discipline is
formed in everyday life
in all learning processes
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter deals with the description of research method, place and time of the research,
population and sampling, research instrument, technique of collecting the data, procedure
of collecting the data and data analysis.

A. Research Design

Based on the title taken by the author, this study uses a qualitative exploratory research
type. Explorative research is research that aims to explore broadly about the causes or
things that influence the occurrence of something [ CITATION Ari061 \l 1033 ]. This
method isuse to obtain information on the efforts of teachers in shaping the character of
student discipline in online learning at MTsN Majene Kab. Majene during the Covid-19
pandemic.

Qualitative research does not use the term population but according to Spradley
in[ CITATION Sug \l 1033 ]. it is called a social situation which consists of three
elements, namely: place, actor and activity. In social situations or the object of this
research, it can observe deeply the activities of people who are in a certain place.

B. Research Setting

This research will be conduct at MTsN Majene. Researchers will find about teacher’s
efforts in applying student discipline in online learning.

C. Research Instruments
 Research instrument is a tool used to collect research data. In this research using the
instruments :

a. Interview

An interview is a conversation with a specific purpose. The conversation was

carry out by two parties, namely the interviewer (pewawancara) who asked the
question and the interviewee (terwawancara) who gave the answer to that question
[ CITATION Lex07 \l 1033 ].

The form of the instrument used is semi-structured interviews, interviews that

were not structured systematically, where the implementation is freer than structur
interviews. The purpose of this type of interview is to find problems more openly
where the interviewee is asked for their opinions, and their ideas. In conducting
interviews, researchers need to listen carefully and take notes on what the informants
say[ CITATION Sug12 \l 1033 ].

b.Dokumentasi

It is a way of obtaining accurate evidence from data and information.

According to [ CITATION Sug15 \l 1033 ]Documentation is a method used to
obtain data and information in the form of books, archives, documents, written
numbers and images in the form of reports and information that can support research.
Documentation is used to collect data and then it is reviewed.

D. Population and Sampling

The population of this research is a English teacher of MTsN Majene Kab. Majene. There
was 4 teacher’s.

E. Technique of Collecting The Data

 In conducting research, it is necessary to have data. According to (Sugiyono,
Qualitative Quantitative Research Methods and R & D, 2012), data collection techniques
are the most important step in research, because the main purpose of research is to get
data.

Techniques in the data collection process, researchers used two ways, namely
interviews with informants, namely 4 teachers in different subjects and doing
documentation of teachers, children and schools at MTsN 1 Majene. Majene Regency
Academic Year 2019/2020. For more details, the interview process can be described as
follows:

a. Wawancara

[ CITATION Sut86 \l 1033 ] , also expressed his opinion that what the
researcher needs to hold in using the interview method and also the
questionnaire: 1). Is the subject (respondent) is the person who knows himself
best 2). That what the subject states to the researcher is true and can be trusted
3). That subject’s interpretation of the questions the researcher proses to him
is the same as what is intended. Ind addition researcher also took some fields
notes, audio recording, as to support data.In this study, researchers conducted
interviews with:

1).Interviews with English Teachers to find out about how teachers are trying
to apply disciplinary characters in the online learning process.

2). Interviews with PAI Teachers, especially Islamic Cultural History (ICH)
teachers who teach at MTsN Banggae Majene, are intended to find out the
role of the teacher both before and when the teaching and learning process is
taking place starting from planning before learning and implementing
learning, then how the teacher plays a role in managing the classroom in the
 eyes SKI lessons to increase student motivation during the teaching and
learning process, to determine student behavior during the teaching and
learning process and what actions are taken by the teacher to overcome
student behavior that makes noise in class, and the factors that affect the
teaching and learning process.

3). Interviews with PKN Teachers and Social Studies Teachers about how
character formation is integrated with learning in the online learning process.
Various things related to character (values, norms, faith and devotion, etc.) in
the daily life of students.

b. Documentation

[ CITATION Bog82 \l 1033 ] , In most tradition of qualitative research, the

phrase personal document is used broadly to refer to any first person narrative
produced by an individual which describes his or her own actions, expression
and belief.

Documentation technique is a way to collect data through available

documentation. This technique is to find and about the vision, mission, work
program, and profile of the MTsN Majene park, the condition of the MTsN
Majene staff, graphs in the form of histograms about the number of students,
and the condition of the facilities and infrastructure of MTsN Majene and are
used for completing research data.

The documentation attached to this study is in the form of an assessment

of the student's personality / attitude and photos of student learning activities
that support information about the character of student discipline that is
carried out during the online learning process, starting from when the class
starts and until the learning is complete.

F. Data Analysis
 The process of data analysis is a Miles and Huberman (1984) noted that the activies
in qualitative data analysis are done selectively and are done contionuosly, leaving the
data saturated. Activities in data analysis, the namely is data reduction, display data and
conclusion drawing / verification.

1. Data reduction

The first data reduction researcher predicts data that aims to categorize and throw
the unnecessary things to induce data so that the final conclusion can be taken by the
researcher. Reduction data means summarizing, choose the things, focusing on
essentials, establishing themes and patterns and throwing away unnecessary.

2. Display Data

After data is reducted, then next step is dropping data. In the research qualitative,
data presentation can be done in a short description, chart, interconnection categories,
flowchart and the like, in this case Miles and Huberman (1984), stated the most
frequent form of display data for qualitative research data in the past has been
narrative text.

3. Data Conclusion

Researchers collect all data results. Then here the researcher draws conclusions to
determine action. Initial conclusions are still tentative, and will provide evidence to
support the data collection stage.
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