Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh….

Hello guys, I am Hairul Yasin, an informatics student at Tadulako University, here I will
explain about Indonesian culture.
Indonesia is a country that has many cultures, cultural diversity in Indonesia exists
due to geographical factors as an archipelagic country. Indonesian culture has been shaped by
a long interaction between indigenous native customs and various foreign influences.
Indonesia was centrally located along ancient trade routes between the Far East, South Asia
and the Middle East, so many cultural practices heavily influenced by many religions,
including Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, and Islam, were all strong in the
major trading cities. The result is a complex cultural mix that is very different from the
original native culture.
An example of the fusion of Islam with Hinduism is the Abangan Javanese belief.
Balinese dances have stories about ancient Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms, while Islamic art
forms and architecture are present in Sumatra, especially in the Minangkabau and Aceh
regions. Traditional arts, music and sports are combined in a form of martial art called
Pencak Silat.
The Western world has influenced Indonesia in science, technology and modern
entertainment such as television shows, films and music, as well as political systems and
issues. India greatly influenced Indonesian songs and films. A popular type of song is Indian
rhythmic dangdut, which is often mixed with Arabic and Malay folk music.
Apart from the influence of foreign cultures, some remote areas in Indonesia still
preserve unique indigenous cultures such as the indigenous Mentawai, Asmat, Dani, Dayak,
and Toraja tribes. Here are some cultures that are owned by Indonesia:
Indonesian culture can be seen from various aspects, for example:

Traditional performing arts

In traditional performing arts, there are two well-known cultures including music and theater.

a. Music
Music in Indonesia is very diverse, this is because the tribes in Indonesia are
diverse, so it can be said that all 17,508 islands have their own culture and art.[1]
Indonesia has thousands of types of music, sometimes accompanied by dances
and performances. Traditional Indonesian tribal music generally uses percussion
instruments, especially drums and gongs. Some evolved into complex and varied
music, such as the stringed instrument sasando from Rote Island, angklung from
West Java, and complex gamelan orchestral music from Java and Bali. Example:
 Angklung.
Angklung is a musical instrument that has traditionally developed in
Sundanese-speaking communities in the western part of Java Island. Angklung
 is made of bamboo tubes connected to a bamboo frame. Angklung is played by
shaking it so that it produces sound in a tone arrangement in every size, both
large and small.
 Sasando,
Sasando is a stringed instrument originating from Rote Island in East Nusa
Tenggara. The main part of the sasando is the tube of bamboo and the wedges
where the strings are stretched. Then the sasando tube is placed in a container
made of a kind of woven palm leaves made like a fan.
The diverse genres of Indonesian music produce musical creativity for
Indonesians, as well as the influence of foreign music from encounters with
foreign musical cultures that enter the archipelago. Apart from native
Indonesian musical forms, several genres can be traced to external influences;
such as gambus and qasidah from Middle Eastern Islamic music, keroncong
from Portuguese influence, and dangdut which is influenced by Hindi music.
Dangdut is a genre of music that has become a culture from Indonesia.
a. Drama and theatre

The Wayang show, the Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese shadow puppet theatre
shows display several mythological legends such as Ramayana, Mahabharata, and many
more. Wayang Orang is a Javanese traditional dance drama based on wayang stories. Various
Balinese dance drama also can be included within the traditional form of Indonesian drama.
Another form of local drama is Javanese Ludruk and Ketoprak, Sundanese Sandiwara, and
Betawi Lenong. All of these dramas incorporated humour and jest, often involving audiences
in their performance.
Some examples of indonesian dance drama and theatre :

a) Randai is a folk theatre tradition of the Minangkabau people of West

Sumatra, usually performed for traditional ceremonies and festivals. It
incorporates music, singing, dance, drama and the silat martial art, with
performances often based on semi-historical Minangkabau legends and love
story.

b) Bangsawan is a Malay folk theatre found in the province of Riau.

Modern performing art also developed in Indonesia with its distinct style of drama.
Notable theatre, dance, and drama troupe such as Teater Koma are gaining popularity
in Indonesia as their drama often portray social and political satires of Indonesian
society.

Some examples of indonesian dance drama and theatre :

1 wayang wong from semarang, central java.

2 wayang kulit (leather show puppet) from java

3 wayang golek (3d wooden puppet) from west java

4 randai from padang panjang, west sumatera

Traditional visual arts

In visual arts, there are famous cultural relics, such as paintings and sculptures.
It is quite difficult to define Indonesian art, since the country is immensely diverse.
The sprawling archipelago nation consists of 17.000 islands, which speak more than 700
living languages.

Indonesia also has experienced a long history, with each period leaves distinctive art.
From prehistoric cave paintings and megalithic ancestral statues of Central Sulawesi, tribal
wooden carving traditions of Toraja and Asmat people, graceful Hindu-Buddhist art of
classical Javanese civilization which produced Borobudur and Prambanan, vivid Balinese
paintings and performing arts, Islamic arts of Aceh, to contemporary arts of modern
Indonesian artists. Both Indonesian diversity and history add to the complexity of defining
and identifying what is Indonesian art. Untuk itu saya akan menjelaskan beberapa traditional
visual artss indonesia.

1. Painting

Prehistoric cave paintings were discovered in numbers of sites in Indonesia. The

notable ones are those in caves of Maros Regency in South Sulawesi, also in
Sangkulirang-Mengkalihat karst formation in East Kutai and Berau Regency in East
Kalimantan. The cave paintings was estimated dated from circa 40,000 years old.

The art of painting is quite well-developed in Bali, where its people are famed for
their artistry. The Balinese art paintings tradition started as classical Kamasan or Wayang
style visual narrative, derived from East Javanese visual art discovered on East Javanese
candi bas reliefs

Modern Indonesian paintings were pioneered by Raden Saleh, a 19th-century Arab-

Javanese painter renowned for his romantic-naturalistic work during Dutch East Indies
period in Indonesia. A popular genre developed during colonial Dutch East Indies is called
Mooi Indie (Dutch for "Beautiful Indies"), which mostly capture the romantic scenes of
colonial Indies.

The following are some of the paintings from prehistoric relics that have become
Indonesian culture:

 traditional balinese painting depiciting (coockfighting)

 capture of prince diponegoro, 1857

 javanese temple in ruins, 1860

 Painting from the Ramayana story, where the king Sugriva kills his

opponent Subali. Ida Bagoes Togog
  Paintings depicting evil spirits in Indonesian mythology.

1. Sclupture

Indonesia has a long history of stone, bronze and Iron Ages arts. Indonesia has a rich
history of Hindu–Buddhist sculpture and architecture that has been shaped by a complex
fusion of local, indigenous culture combined with foreign customs. he megalithic
sculptures can be found in numerous archaeological sites in Sumatra, Java to Sulawesi.
The native Indonesians tribes have their own distinct tribal sculpture styles, usually
created to depict ancestors, deities and animals. The most notable sculpture of the classical
Hindu-Buddhist era of Indonesia are the hundreds of meters of relief and hundreds of
stone buddhas at the temple of Borobudur in central Java.

The following are some examples of Indonesian culture in the field of visual arts,
especially sculpture :

 arjuna wijaya satutue in jakarta

 tiomor staute in padadita beach, waingpau, esat sumba, east nusa tenggara.

 bas relief sclupture from the borobudur temple

Architecture
Ethnic groups in Indonesia are often associated with their own distinctive form of
traditional houses.[2] The houses are at the center of a web of customs, social relations,
traditional laws, taboos, myths and religions that bind the villagers together.

As in much of South East Asia, traditional vernacular architecture in Indonesia is built

on stilts, with the significant exceptions of Java and Bali.Notable stilt houses are those of the
Dayak people in Borneo, the Rumah Gadang of the Minangkabau people in western Sumatra,
the Rumah Bolon of the Batak people in northern Sumatra, and the Tongkonan of the Toraja
people in Sulawesi. Oversized saddle roofs with large eaves, such as the homes of the Batak
and the tongkonan of Toraja, are often bigger than the house they shelter. The fronts of
Torajan houses are frequently decorated with buffalo horns, stacked one above another, as an
indication of status. The outside walls also frequently feature decorative reliefs.

Apart from traditional houses, there are several cultural heritages from Indonesia in the
field of architecture :

 borobudur candi In central java, borobudur candi is the largest buddhist temple in
world.

 Kauman Great Mosque in Special Region of Yogyakarta, a mosque with a typical

local architectural style.

 Immanuel Church in Jakarta, a church with a colonial architectural style.

  Hinduism Besakih temple (pura), the largest temple in Bali, Indonesia

 Kuil Sanggar Agung Surabaya, architecture with Chinese influences

 National Monument (Indonesia) (monas), Indonesia's national monument which

reflects the character of an independent nation.

Clothing
Indonesia's best-known national costumes are Batik and kebaya, although initially these
costumes originated mainly from Javanese and Balinese culture, which are most prominent in
Javanese, Sundanese and Balinese cultures. Because Java has become the political centre and
population of Indonesia, the island's folk costume has been raised to national status. As a
plural country, Indonesia has 34 provinces, each of which has representatives of traditional
clothing from each province with unique and different designs. National costumes are worn at
official occasions and traditional ceremonies. each province in Indonesia – more complete
each group in Indonesia, has its own traditional costumes. The costumes of this area are in
Indonesian called Pakaian tradisional or Pakaian adat, and are taken from traditional
Indonesian textile traditions and crafts.

Here are some Indonesian cultures in terms of national clothes :

 batik

Batik is a cloth that is traditionally made using a manual wax-resist dyeing technique
to form intricate patterns. Traditionally batik cloth is a large piece of intricately decorated
cloth used by Javanese women as kemben or torso wrap. Batik cloth was wrapped around
the hips with multiple folds in front called wiron, while the upper torso wear kebaya fitted
dress. Traditionally for men, the edge of batik cloth also can be sewn together to make a
tubular cloth as sarong, or wrapped around hips as kain in a fashion similar to women's.
Later for men, the batik cloth also is sewn and made into contemporary batik men's shirt.
Today, Batik shirts, which are commonly worn by men in Indonesia (especially in Java),
are usually worn during formal occasions; such as attending weddings, traditional
ceremonies, formal meetings, communal gatherings, etc. Batik is recognized as one of the
important identity of Indonesian culture. UNESCO designated Indonesian batik as
a Masterpiece of Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity on October 2, 2009.

 kebaya

The kebaya is the national costume of women from Indonesia, although it is more

accurately endemic to the Javanese, Sundanese and Balinese peoples. It is sometimes
made from sheer material such as silk, thin cotton or semi-transparent nylon or polyester,
adorned with brocade or floral pattern embroidery. Kebaya usually worn with a sarong or
batik kain panjang, or other traditional woven garment such as ikat, songket with a
colorful motif. Kebaya is usually worn during official national events by Indonesian first
lady, wives of Indonesian diplomats, and Indonesian ladies. It also worn by Indonesian
ladies attending traditional ceremonies and weddings. During Balinese traditional
ceremonies, Balinese women wore colorful Balinese style kebaya with songket Bali.

 peci
 The Peci, also known as songkok or kopiah, is a cap traditionally worn by male
Muslims in the Indonesian archipelago. It is quite similar to the Turkish-Egyptian fez. In
Indonesia, the black velvet peci has become the national headdress with nationalist
connotations made popular by Sukarno.[38] A number of Indonesian nationalist movement
activists in the early 20th century, wore a peci to convey their nationalistic sentiments and to
demonstrate their Indonesian identity. Indonesian male presidents always wear a peci as part
of their official presidential attire. Since then, the black velvet peci is approved to be the
national head-dress for Indonesian men. It is worn all over Indonesia, especially by
government officials and men (usually Muslim men) throughout the country. The peci is
usually worn with a batik shirt or western-style suits by men in Indonesia for those attending
formal occasions.

OK, that's some of the cultures that exist in Indonesia, actually there are still many that
haven't been mentioned, but I think this is enough to explain that Indonesian culture is very
diverse.

maybe that's all I can say, if there are shortcomings I apologize.

oh yeah, for your information, I took this material from wikipedia. thank you

Wassalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabaraktuh…