Autodyn PT II 16.0 L04 AUTODYN Basics

Lecture 4
AUTODYN Basics
16.0 Release
Introduction to ANSYS Autodyn part II
1 © 2015 ANSYS, Inc. April 14, 2015 ANSYS Confidential Release 16.0
Structured and Unstructured Parts (Meshes)
• An AUTODYN Part can use a Structured mesh or an
Unstructured mesh
– Structured meshes can be generated in AUTODYN
• Use (I,J,K) index space
– Unstructured meshes must be imported (e.g. from
Workbench)
• Lagrange Parts (Solid, Shell, Beam)
– Can be Structured or Unstructured
– Unstructured Parts are solved more efficiently (speed
and memory)
• A Structured Part can be converted to an
Unstructured Part prior to solving
– Lagrange Parts (structured or unstructured) can be
used to “fill” regions of Euler and SPH Parts
• Euler and ALE Parts
– Always Structured
– Euler meshes are usually rectilinear
Symmetries – 2D
Planar Symmetry (Єzz = 0)
Generated Mesh
Axial Symmetry
Symmetries – 3D
X symmetry
No symmetry
X & Y symmetry X, Y & Z symmetry

AUTODYN Parts
• Structured Parts
– Structured group of elements of same element (solver)
type
• 2D
– Quadrilateral solid
– Shell
• 3D
– Hexahedral solid
– Quadrilateral Shell
– Beam
– Implicit connectivity using a structured (I,J,(K)) grid
– Generated in AUTODYN
• Lagrange (Solid, Shell, Beam), ALE & Euler
AUTODYN Parts
• Unstructured Parts
– Unstructured group of elements of compatible
element types
• 2D
– Quad / Tri solid
– Line shell
• 3D
– Hexahedral / Tetrahedral solid
– Quad / Tri shell
– Line Beam
– Uses node/element connectivity tables
– Imported (e.g. from Workbench) Lagrange (Solid, Shell,
Beam)
Combining Solvers
• The “best” Solver can be selected for each region of
the simulation
– Each AUTODYN simulation can have multiple Parts
• Each Part is assigned a solver
• The different Parts can interact with each other

through
– Bonding (joins)
– Contact (Lagrange-Lagrange Interactions)
– Coupling (Euler-Lagrange Interactions)
Structured Parts - Index Space
• Each Structured Part in AUTODYN has a defined index space (i,j) in 2D or (i,j,k) in 3D, where i, j and k are integer
values ranging from 1 to Ni, Nj, Nk
– This index space is always rectangular
j=6
j i=1 i = 11
i
j=1
Structured Parts - Physical Space
• Each Structured Part is also defined in a physical xyz-space, where x, y and z are real values
– The mesh can have a general shape in physical space
j=6
i=1 i = 11
y
x j=1
Structured Parts – Unused Elements
• Not all elements defined in the index space need to be defined in physical space
– Elements not assigned a material are Unused
– Allows complicated geometries to be meshed
Unused
Elements
Index Space Physical Space
Creating Structured Parts
• Part Wizard allows automatic generation of quality
structured Parts for predefined (Predef) geometries
– 2D Volume
• Box, Quad, Circle, Ogive, Rhombus, Triangle, Wedge
– 3D Volume
• Box, Hex, Cylinder, Sphere, Ogive, Fragments/Bricks Part Wizard
– Shells
• Plate, Cylinder
• Manually build quality structured meshes
– Nodes
– Lines
– Surfaces
– Volumes
• Import Structured Meshes from ICEM-CFD or
TrueGrid
Part Wizard
• Part Wizard generates a Part in three steps
– Define a Predef geometry
– Define the zoning
– Fill the whole Part
Geometry Zoning Fill
Part Wizard – 2D Box Predef
Part Wizard – 2D Circle Predef
Part Wizard – 2D Predefs
Ogive
Rhombus
Quads
Wedge
Part Wizard – 3D Box Predef
Part Wizard – 3D Cylinder Predef
Part Wizard – 3D Predefs
Sphere
Ogive
Hex
Bricks / Fragments
Part Wizard – 3D Shell Predefs
Plane
Cylinder
Manual Zoning
• Step-by-step generation of meshes using
– Node
– Line
– Surface
– Volume
• Interpolation
• Extrusion
Importing 3D Structured Parts
• ANSYS, ICEM-CFD
– Powerful 3D hex mesh generator
– Direct links to CAD
• CATIA, Pro/Engineer, SDRC I-DEAS, SolidWorks,
Unigraphics, ….
– An interface to ICEM-CFD is provided to allow import
of structured (mapped) meshes into AUTODYN
• ICEM multiblock meshes (.geo file)
• Same import procedure for TrueGrid files
Materials and Initial Conditions
• Materials and Initial Conditions are defined from the
Materials and Init. Cond. Dialog Panels respectively
• Once defined, they can be applied to Parts using the
Part Wizard and / or the Fill options in the Parts
dialog panel.
Apply (Part Wizard)
Apply
Define
Filling Parts with Materials and Initial Conditions
• The Wizard fills each Part with one material
• Additional fills can be performed after the Wizard
completes
– Each fill replaces materials / initial conditions of
previous fills
• Lagrange elements are filled if their center lies inside
the fill region (no multi-material cells are permitted)
Wizard Fill
Additional Block Fills Additional Geometry Fill
Boundary Conditions
• Boundary Conditions are defined from the Boundaries Dialog Panel
• Once defined, Boundary Conditions can be applied to structured Parts using index space from the Boundary option
in the Parts dialog panel
Apply
Define
Boundary Conditions
• Boundary Conditions can be applied the outside faces of a mesh and the outside faces of Unused regions of the
mesh
• The default boundary condition is:
– Lagrange: Free boundary (pressure = 0.0)
– Euler : Rigid wall (no flow, velocity = 0.0)
Unused elements
Filled elements
Boundary Conditions can be

applied here
Boundary Conditions: Stress
• Applied to Lagrange Parts Constant Trapezoid
t t
Triangular Exponent
Pk = Pe-kt
t t
Piecewise User
subroutine
EXSTR
t t
Hydrostatic Pressure Stress Expression

• Analytical Blast Boundary
– Based on formulations of TM 5-855
– Side on and Incident Pressures
• Auto-detect or Manual
– For Shells and Solids
– Accounts for clearing effects
– Contour the applied load
Blast Experiment Correlation
Without Channeling With Channeling
2000 mm 2000 mm
300 mm 300 mm
Concrete Block
Building
300 mm Building
Building Building
240 mm Street
300 mm Concrete Block 150 mm
Boundary Conditions: Velocity
• Applied to Lagrange, ALE, Shell, Beam and SPH Parts
– X, Y, Z Velocity Constraints
• Constant
– Fixed at a constant value
• Limit
– Limit position between max and min coordinates
– Displacement constraint in Explicit Dynamics
• Piecewise
– Piecewise linear segments
– General Velocity Constraints
• Fixed constant velocities in X, Y, Z (3D) and fixed
rotational velocities about coordinate axes
– User subroutine EXVEL
• User Time-Dependant X, Y, Z velocity
Boundary Conditions: Force
• Applied to Beam Parts
– Nodal force boundary conditions
• Constant, Piecewise, User Subroutine EXFOR
• x, y, z and general directions
– Element force/unit length boundary conditions
• Constant, Piecewise, User Subroutine EXFOR
• x, y, z and general directions
Boundary Conditions: Transmit
• Applied to Lagrange, ALE and Euler Parts
– Transmits waves through cell faces
– Only the perpendicular component is transmitted
– The impedance of the boundary can be specified
I  c
• If impedance is set to zero the impedance of the
adjacent cell is used
– The Transmit boundary condition is only approximate
and should be placed as far as possible from regions of
interest
– For air blast in Euler, Outflow boundary with p = 0.0 is
recommended
Boundary Conditions: Flow
• Applied to Euler Parts
– Inflow
• Specify the full state of the material flowing into the
grid (density, internal energy and velocity)
– Outflow (P = r = e = 0)
• Only the preferred material needs to be set
• Reverse flow can be specified. If conditions of
reverse flow are reached, an external reservoir with
prescribed conditions controls inflow
– You must specify the full state of the material flowing
into the grid (density, internal energy and velocity)
• The Outflow boundary condition is only approximate
and should be placed as far as possible from regions
of interest
Lagrange Interactions
• Options are the same as those used in Explicit
Dynamics (ANSYS)
– Details given in the Body Interactions section of the
Explicit Dynamics training course
• Contact type
– Trajectory (default)
• Method (Formulation)
– Penalty
– Decomposion Response
• Shell Thickness Factor
– External Gap (Proximity Based)
• Gap Size = Pinball Factor
• Parts must be initially separated by the Gap Size
Units
• AUTODYN uses double precision to make optimum
use of solver power and memory, so the choice of
units is less important than when we used a single
precision solver. But as a general guide:
– Avoid pressures below 10-6 of a unit
– Avoid cell masses less than 10-6 of a unit
• The default set of units work well for virtually all

problems
– Length mm Workbench Units will be converted
– Mass mg to the chosen AUTODYN units when
– Time ms linked
– Velocity m/s
– Force mN
– Stress kPa
– Density g/cm3
– Energy mJ
Solution Controls
• Wrapup Criteria
– Must specify Cycle limit and Time limit
– AUTODYN will stop and give warning if energy error
exceeds Energy fraction (default 5%)
• Timestep Options
– Defaults are usually OK
– If Initial timestep is left zero, it is computed as half the
stability timestep
– If Minimum timestep is left zero, it is computed as
1/10th of the Initial time step
– Safety factor can be safely increased to 0.9 for most
Lagrange calculations
Conservation Equations
• Mass and Momentum are conserved exactly
• Energy is not conserved exactly

– Practical numerical methods which are fully
conservative have problems of stability and can be
noisy
• Conservation of energy and momentum can be Good energy

monitored using history plotting features. Good Problem
conservation
model set-ups and analyses will tend to have low
errors
Output Controls
• Save Files / Results Files
– Frequency specified by
• Cycle increment
• Time increment
– Calculation can be re-started from Save files (not
Results files)
– Results files are significantly smaller than Save files
– Plots can be created from any Save file or Results file
– Animations can be created from a sequence of Save /
Results files
• More flexible than Capture image
Output Controls
• Results Files (3D only)
– Used to create plots
• Allows post-processing of large models on
computers with limited resources
– Files are stored in a sub folder, ident_adres
• Base files ident_bcyc.ad_base
– Stores model data required by Results files
– Must be present to load Results file data
• Results files ident_bcyc_ncyc.adres
– bcyc - the cycle number for the Base file
– ncyc - the cycle number for the Results file
Workshop 3: 2D Fragment Impact
• Goal:
– Model a multi-material cylindrical fragment impacting
a plate
• Procedure:
– Start AUTODYN standalone
– Set up the problem in using 2D Axial Symmetry
– Solve the problem
– View the results
– Create animations of the results
Walkthrough
Workshop 4: Impulsively Loaded Structure
• In AUTODYN, set up the problem shown in the
figures.
• Get material data for AL5083H116 and Steel 4340
(with no failure model ) from the material library.
• Save data every 100 cycles
• Refresh plot every 100 cycles
• Run the problem for 2000 cycles
• Look at Part history plots to examine the status of the
beam / shell assembly.
Quick Instructions
Workshop 5: Helmet Impact
• Uses “Import”, “from LS-DYNA (.k)” to import the “helmet.k” file
Quick Instructions
Workshop 6: Jet Penetration
• Goal:
– Model a hypervelocity Copper Jet Impacting a Steel
target
• Procedure:
– Set up the problem in using 2D Axial Symmetry
– View the results
– Create animations of the results
Quick Instructions & Walkthrough

Workshop 7: Shaped Charge
• Mesh of a shaped charge created in DesignModeller and Mechanical
Quick Instructions
Workshop 8 – Explosive Demolition
• Goal:
– Model the Explosive Demolition of a Concrete Slab
• Procedure:
– Set up the problem using 2D Axial Symmetry
– Model the Concrete in Lagrange
– Model the Explosive in Euler
– Add Euler/Lagrange Interactions
Quick Instructions & Walkthrough


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Autodyn PT II 16.0 L04 AUTODYN Basics

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Lecture 4

Introduction to ANSYS Autodyn part II

Planar Symmetry (Єzz = 0)

X & Y symmetry X, Y & Z symmetry

• The different Parts can interact with each other

Index Space Physical Space

Geometry Zoning Fill

• Same import procedure for TrueGrid files

Apply (Part Wizard)

Boundary Conditions can be

Hydrostatic Pressure Stress Expression

• The default set of units work well for virtually all

• Energy is not conserved exactly

• Conservation of energy and momentum can be Good energy

Quick Instructions & Walkthrough

Quick Instructions & Walkthrough

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