Descriptive

Statistics
BBA-III
Chapter 5
Graphical Representations
Dr Imtiaz Husain
 Standard Deviation and Variance of Group Data
Calculate the Mean
The mean of the dataset turns out to be 22.89.
Calculate the Standard Deviation
Calculate the variance by squaring the STD
We can use the following formula to estimate the standard deviation of grouped data:
Standard Deviation: √Σfi(xi-μ)2 / (N-1)
Definition:
• Graphical representation refers to the use of charts and graphs to
visually display, analyze, clarify, and interpret numerical data,
functions, and other qualitative structures.

• Such as lines on a line chart, bars on a bar chart, or slices on a pie

chart, from which users can gain greater insight than by numerical
analysis alone.
Types of Graphical Representation:
• There are dozens of different formats for graphical representation of
data. Some of the most popular charts include:

(1) Bar Graph:

Contains a vertical axis and horizontal axis and
displays data as rectangular bars with lengths
proportional to the values that they represent;
a useful visual aid for marketing purposes.
(2) Scatter plot:
A diagram that shows the relationship between two sets of data, where
each dot represents individual pieces of data and each axis represents a
quantitative measure.
(3) Line plot:
• Essentially a scatter plot in which the points are joined up. It is
obviously only appropriate to join the data points where the
sequence of points has some particular meaning.
 (4) Histogram:
A histogram is a graphical representation
that organizes a group of data points.
Histograms vs. Bar Charts:
Both histograms and bar charts provide a visual display using columns, and
people often use the terms interchangeably. More technically, a histogram
represents the frequency distribution of variables in a data set. On the
other hand, a bar graph typically represents a graphical comparison of
discrete or categorical variables.
 (5) Pie diagram:
A Pie Chart is a type of graph that displays data
in a circular graph. The pieces of the graph are
proportional to the fraction of the whole in each
category.
In other words, each slice of the pie is relative
to the size of that category in the group as a
whole.
The entire “pie” represents 100 percent of a
whole, while the pie “slices” represent portions
of the whole.
Study the following steps of constructing a circle graph or pie chart:

Step1: Calculate the angle of each sector, using the formula.

Step 2: Draw a circle using a pair of compasses.

Step 3: Use a protractor to draw the angle for each sector.
Step 4: Label the circle graph and all its sectors.
Example: In a school, there are 750 students in Year1, 420 students in Year 2
and 630 students in Year 3. Draw a circle graph to represent the numbers of
students in these groups.

Solution
Total number of students = 750 + 420 + 630 = 1,800.

Draw the circle, measure in each sector. Label each sector and the pie chart.
QNo.1.
Q.No.2
Q.No.3
QNo.4
Thank You