Fluid Mechanics

MEE1004
Jayaprakash Narayan M. Contact details:
Asst. Prof. (Senior) SJT 313-A-42
Dept. of Thermal & Energy Engg. jayaprakash.n@vit.ac.in
SMEC Phone
Module Topics
Introduction to Fluid Statics: Definition of fluid, Concept of continuum, Fluid
1 properties, Classification of fluids, Pascal’s and Hydrostatic Law, Pressure and its
variation in a static Fluid, Measurement of static fluid pressure: Manometers

Hydrostatic Forces and Buoyancy: Hydrostatic forces on Plane–Inclined and

2 Curved surfaces, Buoyancy, Condition of Equilibrium for Submerged and Floating
Bodies, Centre of Buoyancy, Metacentre–Determination of Metacentric Height.
 Module 2: Buoyancy
• Buoyancy
• Condition of Equilibrium for Submerged (Immersed) and Floating Bodies
• Centre of Buoyancy
• Metacentre
• Determination of Metacentric Height
 Immersed and Floating Body

Hot Air Balloon

Immersed Body Body Immersed in Air
 Immersed and Floating Body

Floating Body Ship Model

Body Floating in Water
Buoyancy

A net upward vertical force results

because of pressure variation with depth.
 Buoyancy

FB  Buoyancy Force

W  Weight of the body or ship

B
B  Centre of Buoyancy

G  Centre of gravity

Floating Body Immersed Body

 Centre of Buoyancy

FB  Buoyancy Force

W  Weight of the body or ship

B
B  Centre of Buoyancy

G  Centre of gravity

Floating Body Immersed Body

Problem 1
Problem 2
Problem 3
Problem 4
 Problem 5

Titanic Ship sank in 15 April 1912

Stability
Stability

Floating Body
Stability of a Model Barge

Floating Body
Stability of Immersed Bodies

An immersed neutrally buoyant body is

(a) stable if the center of gravity G is
directly below the center of buoyancy B
of the body,
(b) neutrally stable if G and B are
coincident, and
(c) unstable if G is directly above B.

When the center of gravity G of an immersed neutrally

buoyant body is not vertically aligned with the center
of buoyancy B of the body, it is not in an equilibrium
state and would rotate to its stable state, even without
any disturbance.
Stability of Floating Bodies

Metacentric Height (GM)

Stability of Floating Bodies

A floating body is stable if the body is (a) bottom-heavy and thus the center of
gravity G is below the centroid B of the body, or (b) if the metacenter M is
above point G. However, the body is (c) unstable if point M is below point G.
Meta-centre
Problem 1
Problem 2
Analytical Method - Metacentric
Height - Derivation

The distance between the meta-centre (M) and the center of

gravity (G) is known as metacentric height (GM).
Experimental Method-Metacentric Height

for small angle of ; tan   sin    in radians

 References
• Yunus Cengel and John M. Cimbala, Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and Applications

• Frank M. White, Fluid Mechanics

• R. K. Bansal, A textbook of Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines

• B.R. Munson, A.P. Rothmayer, T.H. Okiishi, W.W. Huebsch - Fundamentals of fluid mechanics