Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TRADE SYLLABUS
1. Occupational Safety and Health Basic safety introduction:
Personal protection. Basic injury prevention, Basic first aid, Hazard identification and avoidance,
safety signs for Danger, Warning, caution and personal safety message. Use of Fire extinguishers.
Visit and observation of sections. Various safety measures involved in the Industry. Elementary
first Aid. Concept of Standard.
2. Identification of Trade‐Hand tools‐ Specifications
3. Fundamental of electricity.
Electron theory‐ free electron, Fundamental terms, definitions, units and effects of electric
current. Explanation, Definition and properties of conductors, insulators and semi‐conductors.
4. Wires/cable & its specification. Types of wire joint & use. Solders, flux and soldering technique.
5Types & properties of resistors Specific Resistance. Ohm’s Law ‐ Simple electrical circuits and
problems.
5. Resistors :
Law of Resistance. Series and parallel circuits. Kirchoff’s Laws and applications. Wheatstone
bridge principle and its applications. Effect of variation of temperature on resistance
Introduction of National Electrical Code Voltage grading of different types of Insulators, Temp.
Rise permissible.
6. Types of wires and cables
standard wire gauge. Specification of wires and Cables‐insulation and voltage grades ‐Low ,
medium and high voltage Precautions in using various types of cables / Ferrules Common
Electrical wiring Accessories, their specifications in line with NEC –
7. Explanation of switches
lamp holders, plugs and sockets. Developments of domestic circuits, Alarm switches, Use &
specification of Fire alarm, MCB, ELCB, MCCB.
8. Chemical effect of electric current‐
Principle of electrolysis. Faraday’s Law of electrolysis. Basic principles of Electroplating and
Electro chemical equivalents. Explanation of Anodes and Cathodes. .Cells ‐ Primary & Secondary
,Lead acid cell‐description, methods of charging‐Precautions to be taken & testing equipment,
Ni‐cadmium & Lithium cell, Cathodic protection. Electroplating, Anodising. Different types of
lead acid cells.
9. Application of battery/cell in Inverter, Battery Charger, UPS, etc. Lead Acid cell, general defects
and remedies. Nickel Alkali Cell‐description charging. Power and capacity of cells. Efficiency of
cells. Rechargeable dry cell, description advantages and disadvantages. Care and maintenance of
cells Grouping of cells of specified voltage and current, Sealed Maintenance free Batteries, Solar
battery.
10. Introduction of fitting trade.
Safety precautions to be observed Description of files, hammers, chisels hacksaw frames and
blades‐ their specification and grades. Care and maintenance of steel rule, try square Types of
drills description and drilling machines, proper use, care and maintenance. Description of taps
and dies, types of rivets and riveted joints. Use of thread gauge. Description of marking and
cutting tools such as snubs shears punches and other tools like hammers, mallets, etc. used by
sheet metal workers. Different types soldering materials, fluxes and process. Types of different
soldering irons and their proper uses. Use of different bench tools used by sheet metal worker.
11. Magnetism –
classification of magnets, methods of magnetising, magnetic materials. Properties, care and
maintenance, methods of magnetising magnetic materials. Para and Diamagnetism and Ferro
magnetic materials. Principle of electro‐magnetism, Maxwell’s corkscrew rule, Fleming’s left and
right hand rules, Magnetic field of current carrying conductors, loop and solenoid. MMF, Flux
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density, reluctance. B.H. curve, Hysteresis, Eddy current. Principle of electro‐magnetic Induction,
Faraday’s Law, Lenz’s Law. Electrostatics: Capacitor‐ Different types, functions and uses.
12. Alternating Current
Comparison and Advantages D.C and A.C. Related terms‐ frequency, Instantaneous value, R.M.S.
value Average value, Peak factor, form factor. Generation of sine wave, phase and phase
difference. Inductive and Capacitive reactance Impedance (Z), power factor (p .f) ; Vector
diagram. Active and Reactive power
13. Earthing –
Principle of different methods of earthing. i.e. Pipe, Plate, etc Importance of Earthing.
Improving of earth resistance, Earth Leakage circuit breaker (ELCB).
14. Basic electronics
Semiconductor energy level, atomic structure ‘P’ type and ‘N’ type. Type of materials –P‐N‐
junction. Classification of Diodes – Reverse and Forward Bias, Heat sink. Specification of Diode
PIV rating. Explanation and importance of D.C. rectifier circuit. Half wave, Full wave and Bridge
circuit. Filter circuits‐passive filter. Working principle and uses of an oscilloscope. Explanation of
principle of working of a transistor & configuration. Types of transistors & its application.
Specification and rating of transistors. Explanation of transistor Amplifiers, Amplifiers. – class A,B
and C Power amplifier Explanation of oscillator‐working, principle Explanation of stages and
types. Multivibrator – application Introduction of basic concept of ICs, U.J.T., F.E.T. Basic concept
of power electronics devices e.g. S.C.R., Diac, Triac, power MOSFET, G.T.O and I.G.B.T. Digital
Electronics ‐Binary numbers, logic gates and combinational circuits,
15. Electric wirings, I.E. rules :‐
Types of wirings both domestic and industrial. Specifications for wiring. Grading of cables and
current ratings. Principle of laying out in domestic wiring. Voltage drop concept. Wiring system ‐
P.V.C., concealed system. Maintenance and Repairing data sheet preparation. Specifications,
standards for conduits and accessories ‐ Power Wiring ,Control Wiring , Information
Communication ,Entertainment Wiring. Testing of wiring installation by meggar. .Study of Fuses,
Relays, Miniature circuit breakers (MCB), ELCB, etc.
16. D.C. Machines –
General concept of Electrical Machines. Principle of D.C. generator. Use of Armature, Field Coil,
Polarity, Yoke, Cooling Fan, Commutator, slip ring Brushes, Laminated core. Explanation of D.C.
Generators‐types, parts. E.M.F. equation‐self excitation and separately excited Generators‐
Practical uses. Brief description of series, shunt and compound generators.Explanation of
Armature reaction, inter poles and their uses, connection of inter poles, Commutation. Losses &
Efficiency of D.C.Generator, Parallel Operation of D.C.Generator. Application of D.C. generators.
Care, Routine & preventive maintenance DC Motors ‐ Terms used in D.C. motor‐Torque, Brake
Torque, speed, Back‐e.m.f. etc. and their relations, Types of D.C. Motor. Starters used in D.C.
motors Related problems Characteristics of D.C. Motor, Losses & Efficiency, Application of D.C.
motors. Care, Routine & preventive maintenance. Types of speed control of DC motors in
industry. Control system. AC‐DC, DC‐DC control.
17. Transformers:
Working principle of Transformer. classification C.T., P.T. Instrument and Auto Transformer
(Variac), Construction, Single phase and Poly phase. E.M.F. equation, parallel operation of
transformer, their connections. Regulation and efficiency. Type of Cooling for transformer.
Protective devices. Specifications, simple problems on e.m.f. Equation, turn ratio, regulations
and efficiency. Special transformers. Transformer – Classification of transformer. Components,
Auxiliary parts i.e. breather, Conservator, buchholze relay, other protective devices. Transformer
oil testing and Tap changer (off load and on load). Dry type transformer. Bushings and
termination.
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18. Electrical Measuring Instruments –
Types, indicating types. Deflecting torque, Controlling torque and Damping torque , PMMC & MI
meter(Ammeter, Voltmeter) ‐Range extension ‐Multimeter(Digital/Analog) ‐Wattmeter ‐ P.F.
meter ‐Energy meter (Digital/analog) –Insulation Tester (Megger), Earth tester. Frequency meter
‐Phase Sequence meter Multimeter –Analog and Digital ,Tong tester ,‐Tachometer
19. Induction motor –
Three phase Induction motor –Working principle –Production of rotating magnetic field, Squirrel
Cage Induction motor, Slip‐ring induction motor. Construction , characteristics and Speed
control, Slip & Torque . Control & Power circuit of starters ,D.O.L Starter, Star /Delta starter,
Autotransformer starter, Rotor resistance starter, etc .Losses & efficiency. Application of
Induction Motor Care, Routine & preventive maintenance. .Single phase induction motor‐
Working principle, different method of starting and running (capacitor start, permanent
capacitor, capacitor start & run, shaded pole technique).FHP motors, Repulsion motor, stepper
motor, Hysteresis motor, Reluctance motor. Application of Single phase induction motor
Universal motor‐advantages, Principle, characteristics, applications in domestic and industrial
appliances, Fault Location and Rectification. Breaking system of motor. Application of Universal
motor.
20. Alternator
Explanation of alternator, types of prime mover, efficiency, regulations, phase sequence, Parallel
operation. Specification of alternators and Brushless alternator. Verify the effect of changing the
field excitation and Power factor correction of Industrial load.
21. SYNCHRONOUS MOTOR –
Working principle, effect of change of excitation and load. V and anti V curve. Cause of low
power factor. Method of power factor improvement. Rotary Converter‐ Inverter, M.G. Set
description, Characteristics, specifications‐running and Maintenance. Solid state controller and
Invertors.
22. Winding:
TRANSFORMER Winding , Small Transformer winding techniques DC machine Winding‐‐
Armature winding terms, pole pitch, coil pitch, back pitch, front pitch , Lap and Wave winding ,
Progressive and retrogressive Winding, developed diagram. Growler construction, working &
application. AC machine Winding— Motor winding terminology – classification of conducting
and insulating materials used in winding – Types and methods of winding in single and three
phase motors. Stator winding terms, coil side, end coil and grouping of coils. Connection to
adjacent poles, connected stator winding, alternate pole connection, developed diagram.
23. Illumination:
Laws of Illuminations, terminology used , Illumination factors, intensity of light –importance of
light, human eye factor, units. Types of illumination Type of lamps ‐Neon sign Halogen, Mercury
vapour, sodium vapour, Fluorescent tube, CFL, LED, Solar lamp & photo cell applications,
Decoration lighting, Drum Switches, efficiency in lumens per watt, Calculations of lumens.
Estimating placement of lights, fans and Ratings.
24. Industrial wiring:
Code of practice and relevant span. Wiring of electric motors, control panel, etc. Types,
specifications, advantages of different types of circuit brackets construction and maintenance.
Working principle and construction of domestic and agricultural appliances‐their maintenance.
Complete House‐wiring layout. Splitting load wire in accordance with NEC I.E.E. Rules. Multi‐
storeyed system. Fault finding and trouble shooting Machine control cabinet /Control Panel
Layout.
25. Assembly & Wiring:
Layout of Control cabinet & control panel Study & Understand Layout drawing of control cabinet
, panel, power & control circuits. Control Elements: Isolator, pushbutton switches, Indicating
lamps, MCB, Fuse, Contactor, Relays, Overload Relay, Timers, Rectifier, Limit switches, control
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transformers. Wiring Accessories: Race ways/ cable channel, DIN Rail, Terminal Connectors,
Thimbles, Lugs, Ferrules, cable binding strap & buttons, nylon cable ties, sleeves, Grommets’ &
clips.
26. Domestic Appliances:
Working principles and circuits of common domestic equipment and appliances. – Calling Bell,
Buzzer, Alarms, Electric Iron, Heater, Light Electric Kettle, Heater / Immersion Heater, Hot Plate,
Oven, Geyser, Cooking range, Mixer, Washing machine, , Motor Pump set, etc. Concept of
Neutral and Earth.
27. POWER GENERATION :
Generation sources of energy, Comparison of energy resources. Types of fuels. Advantages of
liquid fuel & solid fuel. Various ways of electrical power generation. • Thermal • Hydro electric •
Nuclear • Non‐Conventional Thermal Coal based, diesel based & Gas based Turbine.
Constituents in steam power station. Hydro Electric: Schematic arrangement of Hydro‐Electric
Power Station. Constituents of Hydro Electric Plant. Types of Hydro Electric Power station.
Advantages & disadvantages. Nuclear: Schematic arrangement of Nuclear Power Station.
Composition of an atomic Nucleus. Advantages & disadvantages. Comparison of above Power
Plant. Non‐Conventional An introduction to Power generation through non‐conventional power
generation such as Solar, Bio‐Gas, Wind energy and Micro‐hydel, Tidal waves, etc. Basic
principal, Advantages & disadvantages of each.
28. TRANSMISSION OF ELECTRICAL POWER:
Electrical Supply System : Comparison of AC and DC transmission. Advantages of High
transmission voltage. Introduction to Single phase , three phase‐3 wire system in transmission
lines Overhead Lines: Main components of overhead lines‐Types of power line Low voltage line
medium Voltage line & high voltage line Voltage standard Conductor materials, line supports,
Insulators, types of Insulators DISTRIBUTION OF POWER Function and equipment used in
substation. Classification of distribution system‐AC distribution, Overhead v/s underground
distribution system. Essential features of switchgears. Isolator, Switch gear equipments, bus‐bar
arrangement, Short circuit, faults in power system. Circuit breakers – Introduction &
Classification of circuit breakers lightening arrestors used in HT lines. Introduction, Construction
& Working of power transistor, thyristor. Introduction, Construction, Working, Parameters &
application of DC drive. Speed control of 3 phase induction motor by using VVVF/AC Drive.
Introduction, Construction, Working, Parameters & application of AC drive Schedule of electrical
preventive maintenance. Break down, Routine & Preventive maintenance of DC/AC machines,
Voltage stabilizer, U.P.S. & Equipments.
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¸ÁzsÀ£ÀUÀ¼À ªÀÄÆ® ¥ÀjPÀ®à£É, GzÁ: S.C.R., Diac, Triac, power MOSFET, G.T.O and
I.G.B.T. rfl¯ï J¯ÉPÁÖ¤Pïì ¨ÉÊ£Àj ¸ÀASÉåUÀ¼À, (vÀPÀð) logic UÉÃmï & ¸ÀAAiÉÆÃfvÀ ªÀÄAqÀ®UÀ¼ÀÄ
16 r.¹ AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ:
«zÀÄåvï AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼À ¸ÀªÀiÁ£Àå ¥ÀjPÀ®à£É r.¹. d£ÀgÉÃlgï£À vÀvÀé, CgïªÉÄÃZÀgï, ¶Ã¯ïØØ PÁ¬Ä¯ï,
¥ÉƯÁåjn, AiÉÆÃPÀ®ÆØ÷ PÀÆ°AUï ¥Áå£ï, PÁªÀÄÄmÉÃlgï, ¹è¥ïjAUï, §æ±À¸ï, ¯Áå«Ä£ÉÃmÉqï PÉÆÃgïUÀ¼À
§¼ÀPÉ, r.¹.d£ÀgÉÃlgï£À «zsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¨sÁUÀUÀ¼À «ªÀgÀuÉ, E.JA.J¥sï ¸À«ÄPÀgÀt, ¸É¯ïá JPïìqÉÊmÉqï
ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥ÀævÉåÃPÀªÁzÀ JPïìqÉÊmÉqïUÀ¼À ¥ÀæAiÉÆÃVPÀ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ, ¸ÀgÀt μÀAmï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀAAiÀÄÄPÀÛ d£ÀgÉÃlgïUÀ¼À
¸ÀAQë¥ÀÛ «ªÀgÀuÉ. CgïªÉÄÃZÀgï ¥ÀæQæAiÉÄ, EAlgï¥ÉÆïïì ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CªÀÅUÀ¼À G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ, EAlgï¥ÉÆïïUÀ¼À
¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð, PÁªÀÄÄmÉÃμÀ£ï£À «ªÀgÀuÉ, r.¹. d£ÀgÉÃlgï£À zÀPÀëvÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ £ÀμÀÖ, r.¹ d£ÀgÉÃlgï£À ¸ÀªÀÄPÁ°£À
PÁAiÀÄð «zsÁ£À, r.¹ d£ÀgÉÃlgï£À GvÁàzÀPÀUÀ¼À C£ÀéAiÀÄ, gÀPÀëuÉ, ¤AiÀÄvÀ PÀæªÀÄzÀ ¸ÀAgÀPÀëuÉ. r.¹ ªÉÆÃlgï£À
G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀĪÀ ¤AiÀĪÀÄUÀ¼ÁzÀ mÁðPÀÆå, ¨ÉæÃPï mÁðPÀÆå, ¨ÁåPï E.JA.J¥sï, ªÉÃUÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ EvÁå¢
ºÁUÀÆ EªÀÅUÀ¼À ¸ÀA§AzsÀ, r.¹ ªÉÆÃlgï£À «zsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, r.¹ ªÉÆÃlgïUÀ¼À°è ¸ÀÖlgï£À G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀ,
¸ÀA§A¢ü¹zÀ ¸ÀªÀĸÉåUÀ¼ÀÄ, r.¹ ªÉÆÃlgï£À UÀÄt ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ, r.¹ ªÉÆÃlgï£À £ÀμÀÖ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ zÀPÀëvÉ,
C¦èÃPÉμÀ£ïUÀ¼ÀÄ, r.¹ ªÉÆÃlgï£À gÀPÀëuÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¤AiÀÄvÀ PÀæªÀÄzÀ ¸ÀAgÀPÀëuÉ. GzÀåªÀÄzÀ°è£À r.¹ ªÉÆÃmÁgïUÀ¼À
ªÉÃUÀ ¤AiÀÄAvÀætzÀ «zsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¤AiÀÄAvÀæt ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜ J.¹-r.¹, r.¹-r.¹ ¤AiÀÄAvÀæt.
7
17 «zÀÄåvï ¥ÀjªÀzsÀðPÀzÀ PÁAiÀÄðvÀvÀé : (mÁæ£ïì ¥sÁªÀÄðgïì )-
PÁAiÀÄ𠤪Àð»¸ÀĪÀ ¤AiÀĪÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ¹.n, ¦.n G¥ÀPÀgÀtUÀ¼À ªÀVðPÀgÀt ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DmÉÆà «zÀÄåvï
¥ÀjªÀzsÀðPÀzÀ ¤ªÀiÁðt, ¹AUÀ¯ï ¥sÉÃ¸ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥Á° ¥sÉøïUÀ¼À E.JA.J¥sï£À ¸À«ÄÃPÀgÀt, «zÀÄåvï
¥ÀjªÀzsÀðPÀzÀ ¸ÀªÀiÁ£ÁAvÀgÀ PÁAiÀiÁðZÀgÀuÉ, CzÀgÀ ¤ªÀiÁðt, ¤AiÀĪÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ zÀPÀëvÉ, «zÀÄåvï
¥ÀjªÀzsÀðPÀzÀ PÀÆ°AUï£À «zsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¸ÀÄgÀPÀëvÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£ÀUÀ¼À «±ÉÃμÀtUÀ¼ÀÄ, E.JA.J¥sï ªÉÄð£À ¸ÀgÀ¼À
¸ÀªÀĸÉåUÀ¼À ¸À«ÄÃPÀgÀt ¥ÀæwAiÀiÁV C£ÀÄ¥ÁvÀ, ¤AiÀĪÀÄUÀ¼À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ zÀPÀëvÉ, «±ÉÃμÀ «zÀÄåvï ¥ÀjªÀzsÀðPÀUÀ¼À
ªÀVðPÀgÀt, WÀlPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ CQì®j ¨sÁUÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ©æÃxÀgï, PÀ£ÀìgïªÉÃlgï, §ÄZïºÉƯïÓ, j¯Éà ºÁUÀÄ EvÀgÀ
gÀPÀëuÁvÀäPÀ ¸ÁzsÀ£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, «zÀÄåvï ¥ÀjªÀzsÀðPÀUÀ¼À vÉÊ® ¥ÀjÃPÉë ªÀÄvÀÄÛ mÁå¥ï §zÀ¯Á¬Ä¸ÀĪÀ (D¥sï ¯ÉÆÃqï
ªÀÄvÀÄÛ D£ï ¯ÉÆÃqï) qÉæöÊ «zÀÄåvï ¥ÀjªÀzsÀðPÀUÀ¼À «zsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¨ÉæöAUï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ l«Äð£ÉÃμÀ£ï.
19 EAqÀPÀë£ï ªÉÆÃmÁgï:-
DgÀA©üPÀ PÀAmÉÆæÃ¯ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥ÀªÀgï ¸ÀPÀÆåðmï ªÀÄÆgÀÄ ºÀAvÀzÀ ZÉÆâvÀ ªÉÆÃmÁgï - ¸ÀÄvÀÄÛwÛgÀĪÀ
DAiÀĸÁÌAwÃAiÀÄ PÉëÃvÀæ vÀvÀé – ZÀ°¸ÀĪÀ DAiÀĸÁÌAwÃAiÀÄ PÉëÃvÀæzÀ GvÁàzÀ£É, C½®Ä PÉÃeï ZÉÆâvÀ ªÉÆÃmÁgï,
¹è¥ï jAUï EAqÀPÀë£ï ªÉÆÃmÁgï ¤ªÀiÁðt, ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÉÃUÀ ¤AiÀÄAvÀætzÀ ¹è¥ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¨sÁæªÀÄPÀ
D.O.L ¸ÁÖlðgï, ¸ÁÖgï / qɯÁÖ ¸ÁÖlðgï, DmÉÆmÁæ£ïì¥sÁªÀÄðgï ¸ÁÖlgï gÉÆÃlgï ¥ÀæwgÉÆÃzÀ
¸ÁÖlðgï, EvÁå¢, ¹AUÀ¯ï ¥sÉùAUï ¦æªÉAlgï. £ÀμÀÖ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÁªÀÄxïð EAqÀPÀë£ï ªÉÆÃmÁgï C¦èPÉÃμÀ£ï
PÉÃgï, ¤AiÀÄvÀPÀæªÀÄzÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÀqÉUÀlÄÖªÀ ¤ªÀðºÀuÉ. ¹AUÀ¯ï ¥sÉøï EAqÀPÀë£ï ªÉÆÃmÁgï PÁAiÀÄð«zsÁ£À –
gÉùAUï£À°è PÁAiÀÄðªÁ» vÀvÀé, DgÀA©üPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ZÁ®£ÉAiÀÄ°ègÀĪÀ ««zsÀ «zsÁ£À (PÉ¥Á¹lgï DgÀA¨sÀ, ±Á±ÀévÀ
PÉ¥Á¹lgï, PÉ¥Á¹lgï ¥ÁægÀA¨sÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÀ£ï ªÀĨÁâzÀ zsÀÄæªÀ vÀAvÀæ) FHP ªÉÆÃmÁgï, «PÀμÀðuÉAiÀÄ
ªÉÆÃmÁgï, ¸ÉÖ¥Ààgï ªÉÆÃmÁgï, »¸ÉÖj¹¸ï ªÉÆÃmÁgï, j®PÀÖ£ïì ªÉÆÃmÁgï, KPÀ ºÀAvÀzÀ EAqÀPÀë£ï
ªÉÆÃmÁgï C¦èPÉñÀ£ï ¸ÁªÀðwæPÀ (Universal ) ªÉÆÃmÁgï C£ÀÄPÀÆ®UÀ¼ÀÄ, ¦æ¤ì¥À¯ï, ®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ,
zÉòÃAiÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ PÉÊUÁjPÁ ªÀ¸ÀÄÛUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¥sÁ¯ïÖ PÀAqÀÄ »rAiÀÄĪÀÅzÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÉQÖ¦üPÉÃμÀ£ï ¨ÉæÃPï ªÉÆÃmÁgï
ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜ. AiÀÄĤªÀ¸Àð¯ï ªÉÆÃmÁgï£À G¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉ.
20.DªÀvÀðPÀ (D®Ögï£ÉÃlgï) :-
DªÀvÀðPÀzÀ «ªÀgÀuÉ, ªÀÄÆ® ¥ÀæªÀvÀðPÀ, zÀPÀëvÉ, ¤AiÀĪÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ, ºÀAvÀ C£ÀÄPÀæªÀÄ, ¸ÀªÀiÁ£ÁAvÀgÀ PÁAiÀiÁðZÀgÀuÉAiÀÄ
jÃwAiÀÄ DªÀvÀðPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ §æμï – gÀ»vÀ DªÀvÀðPÀzÀ «ªÀgÀuÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß. PÉÊUÁjPÁ ¯ÉÆÃqï PÉëÃvÀæzÀ°è
GzÉæÃPÀªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥sÁåPÀÖgï PÀgÉPÀë£ï §zÀ¯ÁªÀuÉAiÀÄ ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄzÀ ¥Àj²Ã®£É
ಆವತರ್ಕ
8
ಆವತರ್ಕದ ವರಣೆ, ಮೂಲ ಪರ್ವತರ್ಕ, ದಕಷ್ತೆ, ನಿಯಮಗಳು, ಹಂತ ಅನುಕರ್ಮ,
ಸಮಾನಾಂತರ ಕಾಯಾರ್ಚರಣೆಯ ರೀತಿಯ.ಆವತರ್ಕಗಳು ಮತುತ್ ಬರ್ಷ್-ರ ತ ಆವತರ್ಕದ
ವರಣೆಯನುನ್.
ಕೈಗಾರಿಕಾ ಲೋಡ್ ೇತರ್ದ ಲ್ ಉದೆರ್ೕಕವನುನ್ ಮತುತ್ ಪವರ್ ಫಾಯ್ಕಟ್ರ್ ಕರೆಕಷ್ನ್ ಬದಲಾವಣೆಯ
ಪರಿಣಾಮದ ಪರಿ ೕ .
ಸಮಕಾ ಕ (Synchronous ) ªÉÆÃmÁgï:
PÁAiÀÄðªÁ» vÀvÀé, GzÉæÃPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¯ÉÆÃqï §zÀ¯ÁªÀuÉAiÀÄ ¥ÀjuÁªÀÄ. V ªÀÄvÀÄÛ «gÉÆâü « ªÀPÀægÉÃSÉ, PÀrªÉÄ
«zÀÄåvï CA±À PÁgÀt. EAqÀPÀë£ï ªÉÆÃmÁgï C¦èPÉÃμÀ£ï, PÉÃgï, ¤AiÀÄvÀPÀæªÀÄzÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ vÀqÉUÀlÄÖªÀ ¤ªÀðºÀuÉ.
¹AUÀ¯ï ¥sÉøï EAqÀPÀë£ï ªÉÆÃmÁgï PÁAiÀÄð«zsÁ£À – gÉùAUï£À°è PÁAiÀÄðªÁ» vÀvÀé, DgÀA©üPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
ZÁ®£ÉAiÀÄ°ègÀĪÀ ««zsÀ «zsÁ£À (PÉ¥Á¹lgï DgÀA¨sÀ, ±Á±ÀévÀ PÉ¥Á¹lgï, PÉ¥Á¹lgï ¥ÁægÀA¨sÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÀ£ï,
ªÀĨÁâzÀ zsÀÄæªÀ vÀAvÀæ) gÉÆÃlj Converter- E£Àélðgï, JªÀiï.f «ªÀgÀuÉ, UÀÄt®PÀëtUÀ¼ÀÄ, «±ÉÃμÀtUÀ¼ÀÄ,
NqÀÄ«PÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¤ªÀðºÀuÉ ºÉÆA¢¹, WÀ£À¹Üw ¤AiÀÄAvÀæPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ Invertors.
22. ªÉÊrAUï : -
mÁæ£ÁìªÀÄðgï ªÉÊArAUï ¸ÀtÚ ¥ÀjªÀvÀðPÀ ªÉÊArAUï vÀAvÀæUÀ¼ÀÄ r¹ AiÀÄAvÀæ Winding C¹Ü¥ÀAdgÀªÀ£ÀÄß
¥ÀzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, zsÀÄæªÀ ¦Zï, ¸ÀÄgÀĽ ¦Zï, ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¦Zï ªÀÄÄAzÉ ¦Zï, ¯Áå¥ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÉêï CAPÀÄqÉÆAPÁzÀ
¥ÀæUÀw¥ÀgÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ retrogressive CAPÀÄqÉÆAPÁzÀ ªÉÊArAUï gÉÃSÁavÀæ C©üªÀÈ¢Þ. UÀÄgÀÄUÀÄlÄÖªÀ ¤ªÀiÁðt,
PÉ®¸À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ C¦èPÉÃμÀ£ï J¹ AiÀÄAvÀæ. Winding- ªÉÆÃmÁgï ¥Àj¨sÁμÉ CAPÀÄqÉÆAPÁzÀ – «zsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ
ªÀÄvÀÄÛ KPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÀÄÆgÀÄ ºÀAvÀzÀ ªÉÆÃmÁgï CAPÀÄqÉÆAPÁzÀ «zsÁ£ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ - £ÀqɸÀĪÀÅzÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ
¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀ CAPÀÄqÉÆAPÁzÀgÀ°è §¼À¸À¯ÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ ªÀVÃðPÀgÀt. ¸ÉÖÃlgï CAPÀÄqÉÆAPÁzÀ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¸ÀÄgÀĽ
CqÀØ, PÉÆ£ÉAiÀÄ°è ¸ÀÄgÀĽ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀÄgÀĽUÀ¼À£ÀÄß UÀÄA¥ÀÄ ¥ÀPÀÌzÀ PÀA§UÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð ¸ÉÖÃlgï
CAPÀÄqÉÆAPÁzÀ ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¸ÀÄgÀĽ CqÀØ, PÉÆ£ÉAiÀÄ°è ¸ÀÄgÀĽ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀÄgÀĽUÀ¼À£ÀÄß UÀÄA¥ÀÄ. ¥ÀPÀÌzÀ
PÀA§UÀ¼ÀÄ ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð ¸ÁÖlgï CAPÀÄqÉÆAPÁzÀ ¥ÀAiÀiÁðAiÀÄ zsÀÄæªÀ ¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð, qɪÀ®¥ïØ ¸ÀPÀÆåðmï
¸ÀA¥ÀPÀð.
23. E®Æå«Ä£ÉÃμÀ£ï :-
¨É¼ÀQ£À ¤AiÀĪÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¸ÀzÀâ¼ÀPÉ, ¨É¼ÀQ£À CA±ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, ¨É¼ÀQ£À ¥ÁæªÀÄÄRåvÉ, ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ PÀtÂÚ£À ¥sÁåPÀÖgï.
WÀlPÀUÀ¼À wêÀævÉAiÀÄ ¤AiÀĪÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ. ¨É¼ÀQ£À «zsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ ¢Ã¥ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, §¯ïÖUÀ¼À «zsÀUÀ¼ÀÄ –Neon,
ºÁå¯ÉÆÃeÉ£ï, ªÀÄPÀÆåðj ªÉÃ¥Àgï, ¸ÉÆÃrAiÀÄA ªÉÃ¥Àgï, ¥sÉÆèÃgÉÆøÉAmï lÆå¨ï, ¹J¥sïJ¯ï, J¯ïEr,
¸ËgÀ ¢Ã¥À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥sÉÆÃmÉÆà ¸É¯ï£À G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀUÀ¼ÀÄ, C®APÁgÀ ¯ÉÊnAUïÀ, qÀæªÀiï ¹éZïUÀ¼ÀÄ, PÁAiÀÄðPÀëªÀÄvÉ,
UÀÆqÀÄUÀ¼À ¯ÉPÁÌZÁgÀUÀ¼ÀÄ zÀPÀëvÉ. ¢Ã¥ÀUÀ¼À C¼ÀªÀrPÉ, ¥sÁå£ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ gÉÃnAUï
10
ªÀVÃðPÀgÀt JZï. n. ¯ÉÊ£ïì£À°è G¥ÀAiÉÆÃV¸ÀĪÀ ¸ÀPÀÆåðmï ¨ÉæÃPÀgï ºÁUÀÆ ¯ÉÊl¤AUï arrestors
ªÀVÃðPÀgÀt. «zÀÄåvï mÁæ¤ì¸ÀÖgï£À ¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ, ¤ªÀiÁðt thyristor PÁAiÀÄð¤ªÀðºÀuÉ. r¹ qÉæöʪïUÀ¼À
¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ, ¤ªÀiÁðt, PÉ®¸À, ¤AiÀÄvÁAPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ. VVVF / J¹ qÉæöÊªï §¼À¹PÉÆAqÀÄ 3 ºÀAqÀzÀ EAqÀPÀë£ï
ªÉÆÃmÁgï ªÉÃUÀ ¤AiÀÄAvÀæt, ¥ÀjZÀAiÀÄ, ¤ªÀiÁðt, PÉ®¸À, ¤AiÀÄvÁAPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß & J¹ qÉæöʪï C¦èPÉÃμÀ£ï
ªÀÄÄ£ÉßZÑjÀ PÁ ¤ªÀðºÀuÉAiÀÄ PÁAiÀÄð¥ÀnÖ. r¹/J¹ AiÀÄAvÀæUÀ¼À, ¸É֨ɯÉʸÀgï, U.P.S. & G¥ÀPÀgÀtUÀ½UÉ ¨ÉæÃPï
qË£ï, ¤AiÀÄvÀ ºÁUÀÆ ªÀÄÄ£ÉßZÀÑjPÁ ¤ªÀðºÀuÉUÀ¼ÀÄ.
11