Nanyang Technological University

SPMS/Division of Mathematical Sciences

2018/19 Semester 1 MH1810 Mathematics 1 Tutorial 1

1. Evaluate the expression and write your answer in the form a + bi; a; b 2 R:
(a) i179 + i2017
1 + 2i
(b)
3 4i
2. For each of the following, represent the complex number on the Argand diagram. Find the modulus
and the principal argument of the complex number. Hence express the complex number in its polar
representation.
p
(a) 1 + 3i
p
(b) 1 + 3i
p
(c) 1 3i
p
(d) 1 3i
3. Find the complex conjugate of each of the following complex numbers.
(a) 2i
(b) 2
(c) 1 + 3i
(d) 3 4i
(e) a complex number with modulus 2 and argument = 3.

4. Sketch the regions de…ned by

(a) Re(z) 0
(b) Im(z) < 2
(c) jzj 2
(d) arg(z)
6 3
(e) jz ij = jz 1j
(f) jz (1 + i)j 2
5. Solve the following equation for the real numbers, x and y.
2
1+i 1
+ =1+i
1 i x + iy

6. Suppose a complex number z = x + iy satis…es

1
jz 1j = jz ij :
2
Show that x and y satisfy the following equation
2 2
4 1 8
x + y+ = ;
3 3 9
p
8 4 1
which represents a circle of radius centred at ; .
3 3 3
 7. Express each of the following complex numbers in the form rei ; with r 0; and < .
p 2 1+i
(a) 1 + 3 (b)
1 i
8. Let z = a + ib, where a and b are some real numbers.
Show that

(a) z + z = 2Re(z).
(b) z = z () z is a real number.

9. (a) If z is a root of ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0, where a; b; c and d are real constants, then z is also a root
of ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0.
Remark More generally, we have
Suppose that p(x) = a0 + a1 x + ::: + an xn is a polynomial in x with real coe¢ cients ak ’s. If
a complex number z is a solution of p(x) = 0, then the conjugate z of z is also a solution of
p(x) = 0.
(b) Given that 1 + i is a root of the equation x3 x2 + 2 = 0: Find all other roots of the equation.
10. Express each of following complex numbers in the form (i) cos + i sin and (ii) x + iy.
7
(a) cos 3 + i sin 3
1
(b) 2
cos 6 i sin 6
cos 6 + i sin 6
(c) 4
cos 3 + i sin 3

11. Without using any series expansions, prove that

p p
( 3 + i)n + ( 3 i)n is real.
Find the value of this expression when n = 12.
12. Find all four distinct fourth roots of 16i.
13. Solve the following equations.

(a) z 4 + 4z 2 + 16 = 0
(b) z 4 + 1 = 0
(c) z 3 + z 2 + z + 1 = 0
3
z 4i
14. Solve the equation = i and represent the roots of the equation in an Argand diagram.
2i
15. If is a complex 5th root of unity with the smallest positive principal argument, determine the value
of
4 3 2
(1 + )(1 + )(1 + )(1 + ):

16. Suppose sin 6= 0. Prove that

2
n
1 X sin n + 12
+ cos k = :
2 2 sin 2
k=1

n
X z(z n 1)
(Hint: Let z = cos + i sin = ei . Geometric sum: zk = z + z2 + + zn = .)
z 1
k=1
17. (a) Use De Moivre’s Theorem and binomial expansion to show that

cos 5 = cos5 10 cos3 sin2 + 5 cos sin4 :

(b) Express sin 5 in terms of powers of cos and sin .

(c) Hence, obtain an expression for tan 5 in terms of powers of tan .
18. (a) Let z = cos + i sin . Show that
1 1 1 1 1
(i) = cos i sin , and hence cos = z+ and sin = z .
z 2 z 2i z
1 1
(ii) z k + k = 2 cos k and z k = 2i sin k , for k 2 Z+ .
z zk
(b) Use the results in part (a) to prove that
1
cos4 = (cos 4 + 4 cos 2 + 3) :
8
Z
Hence …nd the integral 8 cos4 d .

Challenging Problem (Optional. Will not be discussed in the tutorial session.)

1. Consider a regular n-sided polygon circumscribed by the unit circle. Prove that the product of the
length of line segments formed by joining one vertex of the regular polygon to the rest of the vertices
equals to n: (Hint: Consider the nth roots of 1).

Answers

1. (a) 0 (or 0 + 0i)

1
(b) 5 + 25 i
....................................................................................................
2. (a) jzj = 2; arg(z) = 3
2
(b) jzj = 2; arg(z) = 3
(c) jzj = 2; arg(z) = 3
2
(d) jzj = 2; arg(z) = 3
....................................................................................................
3. (a) 2i
(b) 2
(c) 1 3i
(d) 3 + 4i
p
(e) 2 cos 3 i sin 3 =1 3i
....................................................................................................
5. x = 25 ; y = 1
5.

....................................................................................................
 2 i
7. (a) 4e 3
i
(b) e 2
....................................................................................................

9. (b) 1 i; 1:
p
1 3
10. (a) cos 3 + i sin 3 = 2 + 2 i
p
3
(b) cos 26 + i sin 26 = 1
2 + 2 i
(c) cos 2 + i sin 2 = i
....................................................................................................
11. 8192
....................................................................................................

12. z0 = 2cis( 8 ); z1 = 2cis( 38 ); z2 = 2cis( 78 ); z3 = 2cis( 118 ) = 2cis( 5

8 )
....................................................................................................
p 4 2 p
13. (a) z0 = 2e 3 = 1 + 3i; z1 = 2e 3 = 2e 3 = 1 3i;
0
p 0 2 p
z0 = 2e 3 = 1 3i; and z1 = 2e 3 = 1 + 3i:
3
(b) z0 = e 4 i = p1 + p1 i; z1 = e 4 i
= p1 + p1 i;
2 2 2 2
5 3 7
z2 = e 4 i
=e 4 i
= p12 p1 i
2
or z3 = e 4 i=e 4 i
= p1
2
p1 i:
2
3
(c) z = 1 or z = e 2 i = i or z = e 2 i
= i
....................................................................................................
p p
14. z = 2 + 4i; or z = 1 + i(4 + 3) or ; z = 1 + i(4 3):
4 3 2
15. (1 + )(1 + )(1 + )(1 + ) = 1:
....................................................................................................
5 tan 10 tan3 + tan5
17. (b) 5 cos4 sin 10 cos2 sin3 + sin5 (c)
1 10 tan2 + 5 tan4
....................................................................................................