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Saad Sarsam
University of Baghdad
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Abstract
Maintenance plays an essential and integral part in the life of a pavement. The pavement
maintenance management system (PMMS) is a systematic method for inspection and rating
the pavement condition in a given area. The system also performs a cost effectiveness analysis
of various maintenance and rehabilitation strategies. Finally the system prioritize and
recommend pavement rehabilitation and maintenance to maximize results within a given
budget amount. During execution of maintenance activity, the system also tracks labor,
materials, equipment, and cost for activities performed. The system also emphasizes economic
use of personnel, equipment, and materials. The system implements visual or automated field
inspection and rating of each street segment which is then entered into a database. The
information is analyzed using a software or expert idea, and provide recommendations and
project future conditions. The pavement management system generates a deterioration curve
for each segment based on input then assigns the most cost-effective maintenance strategy
based on condition, surface type and functional classification, and available budget. This
work thoroughly investigates the PMMS and its capabilities to assist in applying the right
treatment to the right pavement at the right time so that the expected service life of the
pavement is extended as long as possible with acceptable cost.
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Pavement Maintenance Management System: A Review Saad Issa Sarsam
such conditions. The Transportation Research cycle cost analysis, and finally selection of one
Board developed a strategic highway research pavement rehabilitation strategy from among
program to provide a consistent, uniform basis the alternatives considered. Detailed guidance
for collecting distress data for the long-term on how to conduct a life cycle cost analysis of
pavement performance (LTPP) Program [6]. A rehabilitation strategy alternatives have been
manual for distress identification was provided.
presented. It allowed to provide accurate,
uniform and comparable information on the BASICS AND CONCEPTS OF
condition of test sections. It provides a PAVEMENT MAINTENANCE
common language for describing cracks, MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
potholes, rutting, spoiling, and other pavement The pavement maintenance management
distresses being monitored by the LTPP system is a set of tool that helps decision
program. As a distress dictionary, the manual maker to determine optimum strategies for
will improve inter- and intra-agency existing pavement condition by evaluation and
communication and lead to more uniform maintenance of the pavement to reserve an
evaluations of pavement performance. A acceptable serviceability for a desired period
process was developed for the selection of of time. For a small city or rural roadway
appropriate rehabilitation strategies for the networks, a simple system based on visual
ranges of pavement types and conditions inspection may be sufficient [8]. On the other
found in the United States [7]. hand, for a bigger city or urban roadway
network, an automated monitoring system is
A review of the pavement rehabilitation usually appropriate. The function of PMMS is
practices of State DOTs, and the literature to provide feedback data to improve the
available on pavement evaluation, efficiency decision-making. The system of
rehabilitation techniques, and selection of PMMS need huge massive data to store in the
rehabilitation strategies were presented. The database, then, through processing, the system
rehabilitation strategy selection procedures will convert them into information. The
used by the various highway agencies differ in information after processing is used in
their details, typically consist of data supporting the decision and planning. Figure 1
collection and pavement evaluation, selection illustrates the system framework [9].
of rehabilitation techniques and strategies, life
TTEA (2016) 19-30 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 20
Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications
Volume 3, Issue 2
ISSN: 2394-7284(online)
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Pavement Maintenance Management System: A Review Saad Issa Sarsam
network system at minimum cost and 6. Consideration of the life cycle costing in
maximum efficiency [18]. Such system the decision process.
involves the following elements and shown in 7. Optimization.
Figure 2. 8. Link to the budget process.
1. Strategic goals (exceptional). 9. Improvement in teamwork and
2. Inventory, condition and performance. communication.
3. Measure of goals and expectations. 10. Continuous improvement in the road
4. Prediction tools. maintenance management strategies.
5. Decision analysis and system integration.
TTEA (2016) 19-30 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 22
Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications
Volume 3, Issue 2
ISSN: 2394-7284(online)
300
1 y=x
2 y = 1.59x - 5.9545
Total deduct values %
250
3 y = 1.6945x - 0.9091
4 y = 1.84x + 2
200
5 y = 1.97x + 4.5
6 y = 2.0682x + 6.5
150
7 y = 2.3209x + 0.3182
100
50
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
Corrected deduct value %
Fig. 3: Impact of Number of Distresses on Deduct Value [21].
TTEA (2016) 19-30 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 23
Pavement Maintenance Management System: A Review Saad Issa Sarsam
TTEA (2016) 19-30 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 24
Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications
Volume 3, Issue 2
ISSN: 2394-7284(online)
TTEA (2016) 19-30 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 25
Pavement Maintenance Management System: A Review Saad Issa Sarsam
TTEA (2016) 19-30 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 26
Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications
Volume 3, Issue 2
ISSN: 2394-7284(online)
PMMS STUDIES IN IRAQ The decision tree of the system suggests the
In Iraq, the studies concerned with application required maintenance action based on the
of pavement maintenance management system budget available, classification of the roadway,
(PMMS) were scares and scattered [11, 15–17, and the expected change in the design life of
21, 45, 46]. An expert system assigned the pavement when such maintenance decision
VEACPSC (Visual Evaluation of Asphalt is implemented. Sarsam et al. [15] studied the
Concrete Pavement Surface Condition) was automated monitoring of pavement surface; an
developed [25] using visual inspection method optimization model using the prioritization
for monitoring the pavement surface technique of pavement maintenance works
condition. The pavement surface was divided was developed. The developed model which is
into sections, and the condition was evaluated named RMPI (Road Maintenance Priority
visually. Each type of distress was measured, Index) can help in making effective decisions
classified, and rated according to type, for the selection of roads that should be
severity, and extent. Then, the collected data maintained firstly according to the allocated
were fed to the expert system using a budget. The decision-makers will be able to
computer program. Various types of pavement overcome the challenge of external
distresses with their severity and intensity interferences and to raise the performance
were analyzed by the system and PCR level of roads network by selecting the roads
(Pavement Condition Rating) values for all which need maintenance with the highest
pavement sections were determined. The priority index. The structural condition of
developed system suggests different asphalt concrete pavement in terms of the
maintenance alternatives to handle the distress deviation of the physical properties from the
TTEA (2016) 19-30 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 27
Pavement Maintenance Management System: A Review Saad Issa Sarsam
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Trends in Transport Engineering and Applications
Volume 3, Issue 2
ISSN: 2394-7284(online)
9. The World Bank, European Union TACIS System for Management of Pavement
Program and GTZ. Proceedings of the Maintenance Decision, Appl Res J ARJ.
Highway Policy Seminar for Countries of March, 2016; 2(3): 118–124p.
the Former Soviet Union, Moscow, 15-19 18. Al-kheder M. Development and
May 1995. Washington DC: International Optimization Model for Pavement
Bank for Reconstruction and Maintenance Management for Syrian
Development/World Bank, 207–216p. Road, [MSc. Thesis], Damascus
10. Broten M. Local Agency Pavement University, 2005.
Management Application Guide, 19. Sarsam SI, Daham AM, Ali AM.
Washington State Department of Implementation of Close Range
Transportation, Applied Pavement Photogrammetry to Evaluate Distresses at
Technology, Inc., Published by: The Asphalt Pavement Surface, Int J Transport
Northwest Technology Transfer Center, Eng Traffic Syst. JTETS Journals Pub.
1996. 2015; 1(1): 31–44p.
11. Sarsam SI, Razzoki SI, Najim SH. 20. Flintsc G, Dymond R, Collura J. Pavement
Implementation of Decision Support Management Application Using
System (DSS) in Pavement Maintenance Geographic Information Systems, TRB
Management, American Institute of Business Office, Washington, DC,
Science, PSF Journals, Int J Eco Bus NCHRP Synthesis 335, 2004
Admin. 2015; 1(2): 71–81p. 21. Sarsam S. Development of Pavement
12. Misra A, Roohanirad A, Somboonyanon Maintenance Management System using
P. Guidelines for a Roadway Management visual evaluation of Asphalt Concrete
System (RMS)for Local Governments, surface condition and Expert system,
U.S. Department of Transportation Proceeding, 7th International Conference
Research and Special Programs on managing Pavement Assets (ICMPA 7),
Administration, 7th Street SW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 25-27 June,
Washington, DC. 2003. 2008.
13. Zeng S, Ouyang XY. Study on Frame 22. Sarsam S, Ali A. Assessing Pavement
Design of Highway Pavement Surface Macro-texture Using Sand Patch
Maintenance Management System, Test and Close Range Photogrammetric
Proceeding, Second International Approaches, American Institute of
Conference on Intelligent Computation Science, Int J Mater Chem Phys Public Sci
Technology and Automation, 2009; 4: Framew. 2015; 1(2): 124–131p.
438–441p. 23. Sarsam S, Evaluating Asphalt Concrete
14. Garber NJ, Hoel LA, Traffic and Highway Pavement surface texture characteristics,
Engineering, Fourth edition, United State Proceedings, 4TH International Scientific
Copyright, Cengage Learning, Canada, Conference of Salah Alden University.
2009. Erbil, Iraq, 18-20 October, 2011.
15. Sarsam SI, Mohammed IA, Burhan AM. 24. Sarsam S. Field Evaluation of Asphalt
Using Pavement Automated Monitoring Concrete Pavement Surface Texture and
System in Prioritization of Maintenance Skid Characteristics, Proceedings, 5TH
Decisions, Int J Constr Eng Plann. IJCE J Euroasphalt & Eurobitume Congress,
Pub. 2015; 1(1): 1–13p. Istanbul, Turkey, 13-15 / June, 2012.
16. Sarsam S, Talal A. Development of 25. Sarsam S, Shkur B, Abbas E. Evaluation
Pavement Maintenance Management of Asphalt Concrete Quality using an
System for Baghdad Urban Roadway Expert System ACQAES, Engineering
Network, Proceedings, 1st scientific and Development. 10(3), 2006.
conference of Civil Engineering College – 26. Al-Zahnoun A. Toward a Scientific
AL Baath University. Industry of Approach for Roads Maintenance
Engineering Constructions, Humus – Management System in Syria, [MSc.
Syria, 11-13 May 2009. Thesis], Damascus University, 2008.
17. Sarsam SI, Al-Geelawe EK. 27. Sarsam S. Visual Evaluation of Asphalt
Implementation of Computer Aided Concrete Surface Condition using an
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Pavement Maintenance Management System: A Review Saad Issa Sarsam
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