TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN

● True: The information in the reading passage will agree and confirm with the
information found in the statement.
● False: The information found in the reading passage will directly contradict or be the
opposite of the information found in the statement.
● Not Given: There is no information related to the information in the statement found
anywhere in the question.

NOTE: Pay attention to qualifying words

The focus for answering these questions is based on the meaning and not the
keywords. And by changing the qualifying words in a statement, we can change the
entire meaning.

Example:
T/F/NG Question: All species of marsupial became extinct on the island over a 20-year
period.

What’s in the passage: Over the past 20 years, the majority of marsupial species became
extinct on the island due to the destructive forces of human presence.

⇒ all and majority do not have the same meaning. That would mean that this answer is
false.

Example:
T/F/NG Question: Alexander Henderson rarely visited the area around Press estate
when he was younger.

What’s in the passage: Henderson’s family often stayed at Press Castle, the large
mansion on the northern edge of the property, and Alexander spent much of his
childhood in the area, playing on the beach near Eyemouth or fishing in the streams
nearby.

⇒ rarely...when he was younger and much of his childhood do not have the same
meaning. That would mean that this answer is false.
STEP TO COMPLETE T/F/NG QUESTIONS:

Step 1: Underline keywords in the questions.

Example:
T/F/NG question: Henderson pursued a business career because it was what his family
wanted.

Step 2: Narrow down the area where you can find the answer based on the underlined
keywords.

Example:
Passage: Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of
Edinburgh, Henderson returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year
apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a
business career, he stayed with it to please his family. In October 1855, however, he
emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Robertson and they settled in Montreal.

Step 3: Analyze and verify each keyword.

Example:
T/F/NG question: Henderson pursued a business career because it was what his family
wanted.

Passage: Even after he went to school at Murcheston Academy on the outskirts of

Edinburgh, Henderson returned to Press at weekends. In 1849 he began a three-year
apprenticeship to become an accountant. Although he never liked the prospect of a
business career, he stayed with it to please his family. In October 1855, however, he
emigrated to Canada with his wife Agnes Elder Robertson and they settled in Montreal.

- “Henderson” = “he” -> correct ✔

- “pursued a business career” = “began a three-year apprenticeship to become an
accountant”; “the prospect of a business career” -> correct ✔
- “because it was what his family wanted” = “he stayed with it to please his family”
-> correct ✔
⇒ Henderson (✔) pursued a business career (✔) because it was what his family
wanted (✔).
⇒ TRUE!!!

LET’S DO ONE MORE!

Step 1: Underline keywords in the questions.

Example:
T/F/NG question: Henderson and Notman were surprised by the results of their 1865
experiment.

Step 2: Narrow down the area where you can find the answer based on the underlined
keywords.

Example:
Passage: Henderson learned photography in Montreal around the year 1857 and quickly
took it up as a serious amateur. He became a personal friend and colleague of the
Scottish-Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic
excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium
flares as a source of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were
among the founding members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as
chairman of the association's first meeting, which was held in Notman's studio on 11
January 1860.

Step 3: Analyze and verify each keyword.

Example:
T/F/NG question: Henderson and Notman were surprised by the results of their 1865
experiment.

Passage: Henderson learned photography in Montreal around the year 1857 and quickly
took it up as a serious amateur. He became a personal friend and colleague of the
Scottish-Canadian photographer William Notman. The two men made a photographic
excursion to Niagara Falls in 1860 and they cooperated on experiments with magnesium
flares as a source of artificial light in 1865. They belonged to the same societies and were
among the founding members of the Art Association of Montreal. Henderson acted as
chairman of the association's first meeting, which was held in Notman's studio on 11
January 1860.

- “Henderson and Notman” = “they” -> correct ✔

- “their 1865 experiment” = “experiments with… in 1865” -> correct ✔
- “surprised”: there’s no sentence mentioning their feelings towards the experiment
-> nowhere to be found???
- “results”: there’s no sentence mentioning the result of this experiment-> nowhere
to be found???
⇒ Henderson (✔) and Notman (✔) were surprised (?) by the results (?) of their 1865
experiment (✔).
⇒ NOT GIVEN!!!
 YES/NO/NOT GIVEN

Yes/No/Not Given – the text will contain the opinions, views or beliefs of the writer or
other people who are mentioned. This type of questions asks if the given statement
agrees or disagrees with the writers’ views in the passage.
True/False/Not Given – the text will contain factual information about a topic.

● Yes: it agrees with the views of the writer

● No: it disagrees with or contradicts what the writer thinks
● Not given: it is impossible to know what the writer’s point of view is

NOTE:
- Write Y/N/NG, NOT T/F/NG in the answer sheet.
- You need to be aware of the writers’ attitude. It is shown in the writer’s choice of

words

LET’S TRY ONE EXAMPLE!

Step 1: Underline keywords in the questions.

Example:
Y/N/NG question: Psychological science can explain the connection between computer
use and mental and physical health problems in teenagers.

Step 2: Narrow down the area where you can find the answer based on the underlined
keywords.
Example:
Passage: While psychological science can be a powerful tool for understanding the link
between screen use and adolescent wellbeing, it still routinely fails to supply
stakeholders and the public with high-quality, transparent and objective investigations
into growing concerns about digital technologies," said Professor Andrew Przybylski,
Director of Research at the Oxford Internet Institute (OII) and co-author of the study.

Step 3: Analyze and verify each keyword.

Example:
Y/N/NG question: Psychological science can explain the connection between computer
use and mental and physical health problems in teenagers.

Passage: While psychological science can be a powerful tool for understanding the link
between screen use and adolescent wellbeing, it still routinely fails to supply
stakeholders and the public with high-quality, transparent and objective investigations
into growing concerns about digital technologies," said Professor Andrew Przybylski,
Director of Research at the Oxford Internet Institute (OII) and co-author of the study.

- “Psychological science” -> correct ✔

- “the link between screen use and adolescent wellbeing” = “connection between
computer use and mental and physical health problems” -> correct ✔
- “adolescent” = “teenagers” -> correct ✔
- “fails to supply … digital technologies” ≠ “can explain the connection” -> incorrect
✘
⇒ Psychological science (✔) can explain (✘) the connection between computer use
and mental and physical health problems (✔) in teenagers (✔).
⇒ NO!!!
Exercise 1:
Exercise 2:
Exercise 3:
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Exercise 6: