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‫م ده ري ض ‪3‬‬

‫بحث عن‬

‫‪Engineering applications of first order differential equations‬‬

‫الشاب ‪ :‬المدن‬

‫إشراف ‪ :‬د‪ /‬ف طم زيدان‬

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 Introduction

is an equation of the form F(t,y,y˙)=0F(t,y,y˙)=0. A solution of a first order differential

equation is a function f(t)f(t) that makes F(t,f(t),f′(t))=0F(t,f(t),f′(t))=0 for every value
of tt.

Here, FF is a function of three variables which we label tt, yy, and y˙y˙. It is understood
that y˙y˙ will explicitly appear in the equation although tt and yy need not. The term "first
order'' means that the first derivative of yy appears, but no higher order derivatives do.

 The concept and basic theorems of solution of first order differential equations
(Separable differential equation, exact differential equation, homogeneous
differential equation and linear differential equations).
A simple, but important and useful, type of separable equation is the first order
homogeneous linear equation:
Definition :A first order homogeneous linear differential equation is one of the
form y˙+p(t)y=0y˙+p(t)y=0 or equivalently y˙=−p(t)yy˙=−p(t)y
"Linear'' in this definition indicates that both y˙y˙ and yy occur to the first power;
"homogeneous'' refers to the zero on the right hand side of the first form of the
equation.
Example :The equation y˙=2t(25−y)y˙=2t(25−y) can be
written y˙+2ty=50ty˙+2ty=50t. This is linear, but not homogeneous. The
equation y˙=kyy˙=ky, or y˙−ky=0y˙−ky=0 is linear and homogeneous, with a
particularly simple p(t)=−kp(t)=−k.

)1(
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• Initial Condition(s)
initial conditions are values of the solution and/or its derivative(s) at specific points of
the form, 0 0 y(x )  y and/or k k y (x )  y

• Initial Value Problem

An Initial Value Problem ( IVP) is a differential equation along with an appropriate
number of initial conditions. For example

Note: The number of initial conditions required will depend on the order of the differential
equation

 Solutions Of First ODEs

1. Separable Equations
Definition A first-order differential equation of the form h( y)dy  g(x)dx is said to
be separable or to have separable variables.

The solution to the first-order separable differential equation h( y)dy  g(x)dx is

 h(y)dy   g(x)dxC

)2(
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 Example 2 Solve the differential equation

2xy+6x+(x2 -4) y = 0
Solution. The equation may be written

that ( y+3)( x2- 4)  0 we may divide both sides by this product, then

Thus the given equation is separable, and integration of each term gives us

)3(
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 Exact Differential Equation

The solution to the first-order exact differential equation

M(x,y)dx+N(x,y)dy=0
Is  M dx +  (terms of N not containing x) dy = C
 Example

Solution.

(4)
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‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Example‬‬

‫‪Solution‬‬

‫(‪)5‬‬
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‫‪‬‬ ‫‪Example‬‬

‫‪soultion‬‬

‫(‪)6‬‬
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 The properties of the solution of first order differential equations with illustrative
examples.

The Linear first order differential equation possesses the following properties

 It does not have any transcendental functions like trigonometric functions

and logarithmic functions

 The products of y and any of its derivatives are not present.

 Applications of First-order Differential Equation

Some of the applications which use the first-order differential equation are as follows:

 Newton’s law of cooling

 Growth and decay
 Orthogonal trajectories
 Electrical circuits
 Falling Body Problems
 Dilution Problems

 References
(a) Leecture notes in mathematics (3)
(b) Wikipedia

(c) Advanced mathematics 3

‫‪Ministry of Higher Education‬‬‫وزاره ال ت تم ت تات تت ت تت ت تت ال ت تات تت لت تت‬
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‫‪Ministry of Higher Education‬‬‫وزاره ال ت تم ت تات تت ت تت ت تت ال ت تات تت لت تت‬
‫‪For‬تت‪Delta Higher Institute‬‬ ‫‪Engineering‬ت تد ت ت‬
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‫‪Ministry of Higher Education‬‬‫وزاره ال ت تم ت تات تت ت تت ت تت ال ت تات تت لت تت‬
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‫‪Ministry of Higher Education‬‬‫وزاره ال ت تم ت تات تت ت تت ت تت ال ت تات تت لت تت‬
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