3.

Difference between semantics and pragmantics

a. Difference between semantics and pragmantics
 Semantics is the study of words and their meanings in a language while pragmatics is
the study of words and their meaning in a language with concern to their context.
 While semantics focuses mainly on the significance of the meaning of words in a
literal sense, pragmatics additionally focuses on the meaning of words according to
the context and their inferred meanings as well.
 Semantics studies the literal meaning whereas pragmatics studies the intended or the
inferred meaning as well.
b. Semantics and pragmatics are both related to the way meaning is derived from language.

Semantics studies the meaning that words and certain combinations of words hold for
both the speaker and listener. Pragmatics deals with how the context in which words are
used can dictate their true meaning at that particular time. Semantics and pragmatics are
closely related as they both are attempts to understand the meaning of language beyond
the literal definition of words.

5.
a. A simile is a comparison between two things that uses the word like or as: Her smile is as
bright as sunshine. A metaphor is a direct comparison between two things that does not
use like or as: Her smile is sunshine. The word metaphor is more broad and can also refer
to a variety of ways of comparing or connecting different things, including those that
don’t use words at all.

While both similes and metaphors are used to make comparisons, the difference
between similes and metaphors comes down to a word. Similes use the
words like or as to compare things—“Life is like a box of chocolates.” In contrast,
metaphors directly state a comparison—“Love is a battlefield.”
Here are some examples of similes and metaphors:
Life is like a box of chocolates. (Simile) My life is an open book. (Metaphor) That baby is
as cute as a button!(Simile) Baby, you’re a firework.(Metaphor)
b. The difference between metaphor and metonymy is that metaphor is often used for the
substitution of two words. At the same time, metonymy is used for the association of the
two words. In metonymy, the word used as a replacement has a similar meaning,
whereas in a metaphor this is not the case.
A metaphor is known as a figure of speech and is often described as a word used that is
used to express some other specific word. Metaphors are generally utilised in poetries,
literature, songs, etc. however sometimes people confuse metaphor with a simile. An
example of a metaphor is ” chaos is a friend”. Here the word chaos is used as a metaphor
for troubling times.
A metonymy is a figure of speech and is described as a similar word that is used to
describe a particular another word. it is famously used in the writing of dialogues and
songs. It is derived from the Greek word “metonymia” meaning ‘change of word’. People
often relate metonymy with synecdoche.