SCRIPT IN GENMATH

Jeff: good day! For today’s video we are going to discuss all about the rational
inequality. Let me introduce to you the objectives of this topic. So, you should be able to
define rational equation and rational inequality. Solve rational inequality and have an
idea about some of the similarities in process of solving rational equation and rational
inequality.
James: let’s first define what rational equation is. Rational equation is an equality that
contains at least one rational expression. An equal sign is the symbol that is used to
identify it the given expression is a rational equation. For example, 3 over x+5 is equal
to x over 7.
Rimmuel: On the other hand, the mentioned rational expression earlier is a fraction
whose numerator and denominator are both polynomials wherein the denominator
should not be equal to zero. For example, we have 1 over x+2.
Steph: next, rational inequality. From the word itself inequal, it uses any of the symbols
that represents inequality. This are the symbols not equal to, less than, less than or
equal to, greater than and greater than or equal to, that contains at least one rational
expression.
Cheska: here are some of the terms that you will encounter during the discussion.
Critical values, these are the numbers that will make the expression equal to zero or
undefined. Intervals. These are the set of real numbers that lie between two given
numbers which are endpoints.
Jeff: now let’s solve! Solve the rational inequality 5x-10 all over x+2 is greater than or
equal to 4. 1st step that we need to do is to rewrite the inequality such that the left-hand
side is written as a single rational expression and right-hand size becomes zero. As you
can see, we transpose 4 to the left hand-side making it negative and the right-hand side
becomes zero. Next, we need to find the least common denominator and then multiply it
to the expression. AND This IS THE step similar in solving rational equation because in
solving it, we also need to take the LCD. Furthermore, the lcd in our given inequality is
x+2. If we are going to multiply x+2 by 5x-10 all over x+2, the answer is simply 5x-10.
Then -4 times the quantity of (x+2) all over x+2 is greater than or equal to zero. Then,
we need to simplify it. So, -4 times x is -4x, -4 times 2 is negative 8. We have now 5x-
10-4x-8 all over x+2 is greater than or equal to 0. Next combine the like terms. 5x-4x is
equal to x. -10 plus negative 8 equals negative 18. So, x-18 all over x+2 is greater than
or equal to zero.
James: From the inequality that we obtain in step 1 which is x-18 all over x+2 is greater
than or equal to zero, for step 2 we need to factor them. Since both the numerator and
denominator are completely factored, we will not do anything to it.
Rimmuel: we now proceed to step 3. In this step what you need to do is to find the
critical values of both the numerator and denominator. This can be done through writing
the numerator and denominator separately then equate it to 0. And for our numerator
we have x-18 is equal to 0 which will become x=18, then, for the denominator, x+2 is
equal to 0. IT will become x= -2. Therefore, our critical values ARE -2 and 18.
Cheska: step 4, create a number line. The purpose of this is to divide the set of real
numbers into intervals. So, this is our number line. Frist we will substitute the critical
value negative 2 as the value of x. we will have negative 2 minus 18 all over -2+2 is
greater than or equal to 0. It will become -20 over 0 is greater than or equal to 0.
Remember that zero denominator will make the expression undefined. Therefore, -2 is
not included in the solution set that’s why we will use hollow circle. Then, substitute 18
as the value of x. we have 18-18 all over 18+2 is greater than or equal to 0. 0 over 20 is
greater than or equal to 0. Then, 0 is greater than or equal to zero. we know that 0 is not
greater than 0 but since the inequality symbol that we have is greater than or equal to, it
will make 0 equal zero making it a true statement. Therefore, 18 is included in the
solution set and that’s why we are going to use shaded circle. To get the intervals, note
that infinity always come in parenthesis, if the critical value is included in the solution set
or those with the shaded circle, we will use bracket. And for critical values that are not
included in the solution set or those with hollow circle, we will use parenthesis.
Therefore, here is our interval: negative infinity to negative 2. Negative 2 to 18 and 18 to
positive infinity.
Steph: And last step for us to find the final solution set, we will construct a table of
signs. Located in the top row of the table are the intervals that we obtained from the last
step. Then, the leftmost column are the test points, the factors of numerator and
denominator and last row for the entries that will correspond to the entire rational
expression. In the test point, we will use those values that are nearest to our intervals.
In the interval negative infinity to negative 2 the nearest point is negative 3. Therefore,
that is our test point. For -2 to 18 since 0 is in between to them because they are
negative and positive, we will use zero. and for 18 to infinity, we will use 19 as the test
point since it is the nearest point to 18. What we need to do in order to complete the
table of signs is to simply substitute the test point that we have to the expression. Note
that the actual value or the constant is not important, all you need to put are the signs.
Let’s begin. -3-18 is equal to -21 that’s why the sign is negative. 0-18 is negative 18. 19-
18 is positive 1. Then for the denominator, -3+2 is -1. 0+2 is positive 2 and 19+2 is
positive 21. For the last row, we just need to multiply the signs in each column. Negative
times negative is positive. Negative times positive is negative and positive times positive
is still positive. Now, Recall the left-hand side of our inequality. It says that the
expression x-18 all over x+2 should be greater than or equal to zero. It means that we
must look at the positive values. we can see in the last row of our table, the solution set
that is consists of intervals in which x-18 all over x+2 is positive are -infinity to -2 and 18
to positive infinity. Therefore, the solution set of the inequality is (-infinity to -2) union
with 18 to positive infinity.