NAME : ANDI INAYAH SORAYA

NIM : P0600212404

THEORIES OF CULTURE

Culture is the heritage of learned symbolic behavior that makes

humans by learning local traditions, using tools, and manipulating symbol.

According to annual review of anthropological, said that culture as adaptive

system. For this case, we can see the culture from evolutionary point of view.

Evolutionary perspective exactly show that human biological design is open

ended, and to perceive the way it is completion and modification through

cultural learning in particular ecological setting.

Aggression, territoriality, sex roles, facial expression, sexuality, and

other domains where cultural and biological are aspects that cannot be

separated from applying an evolutionary model of natural selection to cultural

construction on biological foundation. We need a complex interactional

model, not a simplistically stratigraphic one. In another hand, extreme cultural

determinism can now be sustained by ideology and faith but not by sober

science.

The major developments have come from evolutionary or ecological

approaches to cultures as adaptive systems. The rapprochement of a

theoretical archeology with ecological anthropology emerges as one of the

major developments of the past decade. Talk about conceptualized of

develop and change, there are cultures are systems that serve to relate
human communities to their ecological setting. Not only that, cultural was

change is primarily a process of adaptation and what amounts to natural

selection.

Other theories of culture come from Alexander Duranti whose talk

notion of culture. Today, culture is used to explain why minorities and

marginalized groups do not easily assimilate or merge into the mainstream of

society.

Generally, from this concept highlight of language either explicitly

implicitly embedded in the theory. There is culture as distinct from nature

(explain why any human child, regardless, of his genetic heritage), cultural as

knowledge, culture as communication (this is the semiotic theory of culture),

culture as a system of mediation, culture as a system of practices, and

participation.

In all theories of culture presented here, however, language always

plays an important part. For the notion of culture as learned patterns of

behavior and interpretive practices, language is crucial because it provdes

the most complex system of classification of experience.