Sene Mascarene Jeffrey1992

The Tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) in the Mascarene Islands with an Annotated World Check-
List of the Genera of the Tribe: Notes on Compositae: VI

Author(s): C. Jeffrey
Reviewed work(s):
Source: Kew Bulletin, Vol. 47, No. 1 (1992), pp. 49-109
Published by: Springer on behalf of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
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The tribe Senecioneae(Compositae)in the
Mascarene Islands with an annotated world check-list
of the genera of the tribe
Notes on Compositae:VI*
C. JEFFREY
Summary. A list of the accepted genera of the tribe Senecioneaeis given, in the context of which the
necessary nomenclatural innovations preliminary to an account of the tribe for the 'Flore des
Mascareignes', and certain other nomenclatural adjustments, are made. Validly published are the
generic names Dendrophorbium(Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey, Monticalia C. Jeffrey, Faujasiopsis C. Jeffrey,
ParafaujasiaC. Jeffrey and HumbertacaliaC. Jeffrey. New species are published in Arrhenechthites (1,
Sulawezi), Faujasia (2, La Reunion) and Parafaujasia (1, Mauritius) and new names and/or
combinations in Nelsonianthus, Telanthophora,Roldana, Psacaliopsis, Aequatorium,Jacmaia, Dresslero-
thamnus, Dendrophorbium, Monticalia, Lasiocephalus, Faujasiopsis, Faujasia, Parafaujasia, Hubertia,
Humbertacalia, Kleinia, Senecio (to replace later homonyms), Pseudogynoxys,Emilia, Othonna, Packera
and Iranecio. Some further characters for use in systematic analysis are identified.
An annotated check-list of the genera of the tribe Senecioneaeis presented. As here

circumscribed, the tribe is considered to be a monophyletic group. By both the
cladistic analysis of Bremer (1987) and the cpDNA studies of Palmer et al. (1988)
the hypothesis that the Blennospermatinaeform the sister-group of the rest of the
Senecioneaeis well supported. In consequence, the recognition in the tribe of only
two subtribes (as by Nordenstam in Heywood et al. 1977) - Senecioninaeand
Blennospermatinae- is followed; within the former, only provisional informal
infrasubtribal groups are here recognized. The primary purpose of this list is to
act as a guide to the selection of the operational taxonomic units (representative
species) to be used in a character-distribution (cladistic) analysis of the tribe. The
production of improved hypotheses of the relationships between the genera and
within the still heterogeneous genus Seneciowill require such an analysis, prefer-
ably concomitantly with cpDNA studies, and with the addition of chemical
characters (not considered here). A preliminary character-list for such analysis
has been provided by Jeffrey (1987); to this may be added the following:
44. Receptacle consistency

01. Solid
02. Fistulose
45. Receptacle surface
01. Without scaly projections between the florets
02. With scaly projections between the florets
*Continued from Kew Bull. 43: 277 (1988).

49

50 KEW BULLETIN VOL. 47 (1)
46. Carpopodium size
01. Large - of > 6 rows of cells
02. Medium - of 3-6 rows of cells
03. Small or absent - of 0-2 rows of cells
47. Carpopodium margin
01. Regular
02. Irregular or undulate
48. Number of mature achene ribs (5 or 10)
01. 10
02. 5
49. Upper ray epidermis
01. Smooth
02. Papillose.
The choice of one or more species listed from each of the genera, and
subordinate groups within Senecio, here recognized should ensure coverage of the
great majority of the putatively monophyletic groups within the tribe. Such
species will then need to be systematically examined for the states expressed in
each of these 49 characters (and perhaps others that will become evident as such
examination proceeds).
Character-states apparently plesiomorphic for the tribe include: shrubby, non-
succulent terrestrial habit; stems leafy; leaves alternate, petiolate, exauriculate,
pinnately veined, ovate-lanceolate; leaf hair types 2c, d; nodes trilacunar; pith
persistent, lignified; vessel distribution type 05; resin ducts present; peduncles
bracteolate; involucres calyculate; capitula radiate; receptable solid; ray florets
with staminodes, rays > 4-veined, yellow; disc corollas cylindrical, tapered,
shortly 5-lobed, yellow; anther-collars cylindrical; endothecial cell wall thickenings
polarized; anthers tailed; ovary wall cells with druses, smooth-walled; disc floret
styles divided, style-arms truncate, unappendaged; stigmatic surface undivided;
pappus capillary, present on all florets, uniform, hairs clubbed; achenes homo-
morphic, all fertile, terete, 10-ribbed, smooth, with massive carpopodium and
mechanical tissue in 7- 12 discrete tracts; n = 10.
The most generally primitive genera (though each has also its own speciali-
zations) appear to be: the as yet undescribed New Guinea montane genus*;
Traversia,Bedfordiaand Brachyglottisamong the tussilaginoids; Gynoxys,Aequatorium
and Alciope of the gynoxyoids; and Cissampelopsisamong the senecionoids.
This checklist also indicates which genera may reasonably be recognized for
curatorial purposes in herbaria and in general and floristic works. It updates that
given by Nordenstam in Heywood et al. (1977), and may be used as a basis for
the establishment of a list of generic 'names in current use' for the tribe. 112
genera are recognized, comprising some 3400 species, of which about 160 are of
perhaps doubtful or indeterminate status.
Opportunity has been taken to effect a number of necessary nomenclatural
adjustments, especially with respect to the Senecioneaeof the Mascarene Islands,
*Recently described as Papuacalia Veldk., see p. 52.

THE TRIBE SENECIONEAE (COMPOSITAE) 51
but also including the transfer to other genera of certain species recently described
under Senecio, but having little except the tribal characters in common with the
type of that name.
The Mascarene Senecioneaeare most closely similar to those of Madagascar;
the indigenous tribal flora is highly endemic and comprises several genera of
more or less shrubby plants of synotoid affinity (Jeffrey & Chen 1984). Only one
of these genera (Faujasia) has hitherto been generally recognized, and that has
been found to require recircumscription; three are described as new. A complete
account will be found in the forthcoming Compositae volume of 'Flore des
Mascareignes' (Hind, Jeffrey & Scott, in press). Only the necessary preliminary
taxonomic changes are presented here.
Name, authority, place of first valid publication, details of type or syntype
species, number of species, chromosome counts and distribution are indicated for
each genus; a selected synonymy is given. Where not discussed elsewhere, the
diagnostic features of the genus are briefly summarized. The position of the genus
in the scheme of Jeffrey (1979), which relates back to the groupings by Jeffrey
et al. (1977), is given where applicable.
Information as indicated has been taken from the sources cited, and on the
tribe generally from: Allan (1961) - New Zealand; Aristeguieta in Lasser (1964)
- Venezuela; Barkley (1981) - N America, (1985a), (1985b) - N America &
Mexico; Bentham (1866) - Australia; Bond & Goldblatt (1984) - South Africa;
Cabrera (1950) - Brazil & Uruguay; Carlquist (1962) - wood anatomy; Cua-
trecasas (1950, 1951) - S America; D'Arcy (1987) - Panama; Davis (1975) -
Turkey; Drury (1967, 1973, 1975) - much information on species not studied by
the present author; Greenman (1902); Grierson in Dassanayake (1980) - Sri
Lanka; Grubov (1982) - Mongolian People's Republic; Harvey in Harvey &
Sonder (1865) - South Africa; Hedberg (1957) - E Africa; Hilliard (1977) -
Natal; Hind (1990) - Brazil; Hooker (1881) - Indian subcontinent; Humbert
(1963) - Madagascar & Comores; Jeffrey (1979), (1986) - E Africa; Jeffrey &
Chen (1984) - E Asia; Jeffrey et al. (1977); Komarov (ed. Schischkin & Bobrov
1961) - U.S.S.R.; Koyama (1969) - E Asia, (1986, 1988) - Thailand; Liu in
Wu (1985) - Xizang; Marticorena & Quezada (1985) - Chile; McVaugh in
Anderson (1984) - Mexico; Merxmiiller (1967) - Namibia; Nordenstam (1978);
Ohwi (1965) - Japan; Pan in Wu (1985) - Xizang; Pippen (1968) - Mexico;
Rao et al. (1988) - India; Rechinger (1989) - SW Asia; Robinson & Brettell
(1974); Rogerson (1978) - N America; van Royen (1983) - New Guinea; Tutin
et al. (1976) - Europe; Wagenitz in Hegi (1987) - Europe; Webb in Connor &
Edgar (1987) & in Webb et al. (1988) - New Zealand; Williams (1984) -
Central America; Williams in Nash & Williams (1976) - Guatemala; Woodson
et al. (1975) - Panama; Yurtsev (1987) - Soviet Arctic. In addition, cytological
data have been abstracted from the following works: Agapova (1990), Borgmann
(1964), Fedorov (1969), Goldblatt (1981, 1984, 1985, 1988), Moore (1973, 1974,
1977), Hunziker et al. (1989), Nordenstam (1990), Goldblatt & Johnson (1990).
I am much indebted to Miss T.-A. Reilly for the preparation of numerous floral
dissections for light microscopy and many SEM photographs of achene surfaces.
In order to avoid premature nomenclatural innovation, some groups have been
designated by provisional, invalidly published names; these are indicated by their

enclosure within quotation marks.
SUBTRIBE I. SENECIONINAE
Involucre uniseriate, calyculate; eremophilane and furanoeremophilane
sesquiterpene lactones and pyrrolizidine alkaloids present.
1. THE NEW GUINEA MONTANE WOODY SPECIES
This consists of the only members of the tribe which combine the possession
of a cylindrical anther-collar, polar endothecial thickenings and clavate pappus-
hair apices with a unique chromosome number (n = 36) for the tribe.
1. Gen. nov.*
This group was under study by Veldkamp (1991) and consisted of 12 montane
New Guinean species placed in Senecio, namely:
Seneciocarstenszensisvan Royen, Alp. Fl. New Guinea 4: 3412 (1983). Type: West
Irian, Carstensz Mts, Hope ANU 16016 (holotype CANB).
Senecio dindondl van Royen, Alp. Fl. New Guinea 4: 3420 (1983). Type: Terr.
New Guinea, Mt Wilhelm, Hoogland& Pullen 5706 (holotype BM!, isotype K!).
Seneciogandinvan Royen, Alp. Fl. New Guinea 4: 3426 (1983). Type: Terr. New
Guinea, Mt Kerigomna, Hoogland & Pullen 5568 (holotype BM!, isotype K!).
SenecioglossophyllusMattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 69: 293 (1939). Type: Terr. New
Guinea, Sarkwet Mts, Clemens5688 (holotype Bt).
Seneciokandambrenvan Royen, Alp. Fl. New Guinea 4: 3416 (1983). Type: Terr.
New Guinea, Mt Kerigomna, Hoogland & Pullen 5507 (holotype BM!, isotype
K!).
Seneciokukul van Royen, Alp. Fl. New Guinea 4: 3424 (1983). Type: Terr. New
Guinea, Mt Sugarloaf, Hoogland & Schodde7170 (holotype BM!, isotype K!).
Seneciomogrerevan Royen, Alp. Fl. New Guinea 4: 3404 (1983). Type: Terr. New
Guinea, Hoogland & Pullen 5643 (holotype ?BM).
Senecioottoensisvan Royen, Alp. Fl. New Guinea 4: 3432 (1983). Type: Terr. New
Guinea, Mt Otto, Johns NGBF 1204 (holotype L, isotype K!).
SeneciosaruwagedensisMattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 70: 480 (1940). Type: Terr. New
Guinea, Sarawaket Mts, Clemens 7306 (holotype Bt).
SenecioversteegiiMattf., Nova Guinea 14: 529 (1928). Type: West Irian, Quarles
valley, Versteeg2543 (holotype ?BO).
Sample species: B. kandambren
Cytology: n = 36 (2 spp.; Borgmann 1964).
Leaves with hypodermis and lignified bundle sheaths (Drury 1973); inflores-
cences lateral; capitula heterogamous and disciform, or homogamous.
2. THE TUSSILAGINOID
GENERA
This group corresponds to the subtribes Tussilaginae and Tephroseridinaeof
Jeffrey & Chen (1984), and to the 'cacalioids' and 'tephroseroids' of Jeffrey
*Now Papuacalia Veldk., Blumea 36: 168 (1991), with 13 species; see Veldkamp (1991).

(1979) with the exception of the 'insulares', Adenostyles, Senecio platyphylloides,
Faujasia, Alciope and Gynoxys.
It consists of all members of the tribe which combine the possession of a 'cylin-
drical' anther-collar with x = 30 or a presumably aneuploid reduction from it
(29-23).
2. Traversia Hook.f., Handb. N. Zeal. Fl.: 163 (1864) (T. baccharoidesHook. f.,
New Zealand); 1, New Zealand.
Sample species: T. baccharoides
Cytology: n = 30.
Leaves with adaxial stomata; white corollas with limb divided to base; vessel
distribution type 07 of Jeffrey (1987).
3. Bedfordia DC. in Guill., Arch. Bot. (Paris) 2: 332 (1833) (B. salicina DC. &
B. linearis DC., Tasmania); 2, Victoria, NSW, Tasmania.
Sample species: B. linearis
Cytology: n = 30 (1 sp.).
Lateral inflorescences; leaf hair type 3d, and vessel distribution type 10 of Jeffrey
(1987).
4. Brachyglottis]. R. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. Pl.: 46 (1775) (B. repandaJ. R.

& G. Forst., New Zealand); 31, New Zealand, Chatham Is, Tasmania; hybrids
common (Nordenstam 1978; Webb in Connor & Edgar 1987, New Zealand);
incl. UrostemonB. Nord.
Sample species: B. brunonis, B. hectoris, B. kirkii, B. lagopus, B. laxifolia, B.
myrianthos,B. perdicioides
Cytology: n = 30 (23 spp. incl. B. hectoris,B. kirkii, B. lagopus, B. myrianthos,B.
perdicioides).
Upper epidermis cell walls sinuous in outline and/or leaves with hypodermis;
woody to herbaceous; leaf hair types 2b, 3d, b, c, a, and vessel distribution types
02, 05, 07, 10 of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium ring-like, of c.6 rows of cells.
C XV 55, C XVI 56-57 of Jeffrey (1979).
5. Acrisione B. Nord., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 107: 582 (1985) (A. cymosa(Remy) B.
Nord., Chile); 2, Chile.
Sample species: A. cymosa, A. denticulata
Cytology: unknown.
Broad soft pith; leaf hair type 3b, and vessel distribution type 05 ofJeffrey (1987);
carpopodium ring-like of c. 5-6 rows of cells; distinction from Brachyglottis
uncertain.
C XVI 58 of Jeffrey (1979).
6. Nelsonianthus H. Robins. & Brettell, Phytologia 27: 54 (1973). (N. epiphyticus

H. Robins. & Brettell, Guatemala); 2, Guatemala, Mexico.
Nelsonianthus tapianus (B. Turner) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciotapianus B. Turner, Phytologia 67: 387 (1989). Type: Mexico, Veracruz,
Tapia & Herndndez517 (holotype TEX).

54 VOL. 47 (1)
KEWBULLETIN
Sample species: N. epiphyticus
Cytology: unknown.
Epiphytic; endothecial thickenings polarized.
7. Telanthophora H. Robins. & Brettell, Phytologia 27: 424 (1974) (Senecio

arborescensSteetz, Panama); 14, Mexico, C. America.
Telanthophora guerkei (Hieron.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

SenecioguerkeiHieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 646 (1900). Type: Colombia, Triana
(holotype Bt, isotype BM!).
This species is somewhat anomalous in Telanthophora,in that it lacks the abrupt
multiple terminal inflorescences, but it is clearly 'cacalioid' and would be deci-
dedly more anomalous if left in Senecio;it may link this genus with the preceding,
and further comparative study is required.
Sample species: T. grandifolia
Cytology: n = 30 (2 spp., incl. T. grandifolia), c. 38 (T. grandifolia), c. 65 (1 sp.).
Subumbellate inflorescences; cortical resin ducts present; leaves pinnately veined,
not deciduous; leaf hair types 3a, b, and vessel distribution type 05 of Jeffrey
(1987).
C XVI 62 (pro parte) of Jeffrey (1979).
8. Pittocaulon H. Robins. & Brettell, Phytologia 26: 451 (1973) (Cinerariapraecox

Cav., Mexico); 5, Mexico (Robinson & Brettell 1973a).
Sample species: P. praecox
Cytology: n = 30 (P. praecox).
Subumbellate inflorescences; cortical resin ducts present; leaves palmately veined,
deciduous; vessel distribution type 02 of Jeffrey (1987).
9. Barkleyanthus H. Robins. & Brettell, Phytologia 27: 407 (1974) (B. salicifolius
(Kunth) H. Robins. & Brettell, Mexico); 1, Arizona, New Mexico, Mexico,
C. America.
Sample species: B. salicifolius
Cytology: n = 30.
Pith small, chambered; cortical resin ducts absent; vessel distribution type 04 of
Jeffrey (1987).
C XVI 61 of Jeffrey (1979).
10. Roldana La Llave in La Llave & Lex., Nov. Veg. Descr. 2: 10 (1825) (R.
lobata La Llave, Mexico); c. 55, Mexico, Arizona & C. America (Robinson &
Brettell 1974); incl. Pericalia Cass.; revision needed.
Roldana carlomasonii (B. Turner & T. Barkley) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciocarlomasonii
B. Turner & T. Barkley, Phytologia 67: 390 (1989). Type:
Mexico, Sonora, Sundberg2839 (holotype TEX).
Roldana gesneriifolia C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Senecio gesneriifolius B. L. Turner, Phytologia 62: 75 (1987) non Cuatrec.,
Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (1): 33 (1950).

THE TRIBESENECIONEAE(COMPOSITAE) 55
Roldana grimesii (B. L. Turner) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciogrimesii B. L. Turner, Brittonia 40: 81 (1988). Type: Mexico, Hidalgo,
Turner 15088 (holotype TEX).
Roldana marquesii (B. L. Turner) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciomarquesiiB. L. Turner, Brittonia 40: 82 (1988). Type: Mexico, Veracruz,
Marquez 24 (holotype TEX).
Roldana metepecus (B. Turner) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciometepecusB. Turner, Phytologia 66: 465 (1989). Type: Mexico, Hidalgo,
Garcia 514 (holotype TEX).
By his choice of the epithet 'metepecus' instead of the more usual form
'metepecensis', I assume the author intends a noun in apposition rather than an
adjective.
Roldana nesomiorum (B. Turner) C. Jefffreycomb. nov.
SenecionesomiorumB. Turner, Phytologia 66: 467 (1989). Type: Mexico, Nuevo
Leon, Nesom 6712 (holotype TEX).
Sample species: R. barba-johannis,R. petasitis, R. hartwegii
Cytology: n = 30 (15 spp. incl. R. barba-johannis,R. hartwegii,R. petasitis), 60 (1 sp).
Pith large, cortical resin ducts absent; leaf hair types 2c, d, h, 3b, a, d, e and
vessel distribution type 05 of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium usually massive, of 8
or more rows of cells.
C XVI 62 (pro parte) of Jeffrey (1979).
11. Digitacalia Pippen, Contr. U. S. Natl Herb. 34: 378 (1968) (Cacalia jatro-
phoides Kunth, Mexico); 4, Mexico (Pippen 1968; Robinson & Brettell 1974;
Turner 1990).
Sample species: D. jatrophoides
Cytology: n = 30 (2 spp.).
Corolla limb deeply divided; endothecial thickenings polarized.
12. Psacalium Cass., Dict. Sc. Nat. 43: 461 (1826) (P. peltigerum(Kunth) Rydb.,
Mexico); 38, Mexico to Arizona & Guatemala (Pippen 1968, Robinson & Brettell
1973c); incl. OdontotrichumZucc.
Sample species: P. peltigerum
Cytology: n = c. 25 (1 sp.), c. 29 (1 sp.), 30 (13 spp., incl. P. peltigerum).
Scapigerous, leaf-bases hirsute; corolla limb deeply divided; leaf hair types 2f, c,
b of Jeffrey (1987).
13. Psacaliopsis H. Robins & Brettell, Phytologia 27: 408 (1974) (Seneciopurpusii
Greenm. ex Brandegee, Mexico); 5, Mexico, Guatemala.
Psacaliopsis macdonaldii (B. Turner) C. Jefrey comb. nov.
SeneciomacdonaldiiB. Turner, Phytologia 69: 361 (1990). Type: Mexico, Oaxaca,
McDonald 2992 (holotype MEXU, isotype MEXU).
Psacaliopsis paneroi (B. Turner) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciopaneroi B. Turner, Phytologia 67: 454 (1989). Type: Mexico, Guerrero,

Panero, Schilling & Wofford582 (holotype TENN).

Sample species: none studied
Cytology: unknown.
Scapigerous, leaf-bases hirsute; corolla limb shortly divided; pappus present.
14. Pippenalia McVaugh, Contrib. Univ. Michigan Herb. 9 (4): 470 (1972) (P.
(Rydb.) McVaugh, Mexico); 1, Mexico.
delphiniifolia
Sample species: P. delphiniifolia
Cytology: n = 30.
Scapigerous, leaf-bases hirsute; corolla limb shortly divided; pappus absent.
15. Luina Benth., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 12: 36, t. 1139 (1873) (L. hypoleucaBenth.,
Canada); 2, western N America (Strother in Rogerson 1978).
Sample species: L. hypoleuca
Stems equally leafy in upper part; style-arms abruptly truncate; leaf hair type 3c
of Jeffrey (1987).
16. Cacaliopsis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 50 (1883) (C. nardosmiaA.
Gray, western N America); 1, western N America (Nordenstam 1978, Strother
in Rogerson 1978).
Sample species: C. nardosmia
Cytology: n = 30.
Leaves basal, palmately lobed; corolla limb shortly divided; disc style-arms tapering.
17. Rainiera Greene,Pittonia 3: 291 (1898) (PrenanthesstrictaGreene, Washington);

1, Washington & Oregon (Strother in Rogerson 1978).
Sample species: R. stricta
Cytology: unknown.
Leaves basal, not palmately lobed; style-arms abruptly truncate.
18. Rugelia Shuttlew. ex Chapm., Fl. South. U.S.: 246 (1860) (Seneciorugelia A.
Gray, Tennessee); 1, N Carolina & Tennessee.
Sample species: R. nudicaulis
Cytology: n = 28.
Disc style-arms truncate, penicillate; florets 30-40; endothecial thickenings
polarized.
19. Arnoglossum Raf., Fl. Ludov.: 64 (1817) (A. plantagineumRaf., Louisiana);

7, S Ontario, C., E & SE U.S.A. (Robinson 1974); syn. MesadeniaRaf.
Sample species: A. plantagineum
Cytology: n = 25 (2 spp.), 26 (3 spp.), 27 (2 spp.), 55 (1 sp.).
Style-arms truncate, penicillate; florets 5; corolla limb deeply lobed; endothecial
thickenings lateral; leaf hair type 2b of Jeffrey (1987).*
*Yermo R. D. Dorn, Madrofio 38: 199 (1991) (Y. xanthocephalus

R. D. Dorn, Wyoming), monotypic, should
follow here; see Dorn (1991).

20. Tetradymia DC., Prodr. 6: 440 (1838) (T. canescensDC., SW U.S.A.); 10,
SW U.S.A. (Strother in Rogerson 1978).
Sample species: T. canescens
Cytology: n = 30 (T. canescens).
Shrub with narrow leaves; phyllaries 1-seriate; vessel distribution types 02, 04,
10 of Jeffrey (1987).
21. Lepidospartum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 50 (1883) (Linosyris
squamata A. Gray, California); 3, SW U.S.A., Baja California (Strother in
Rogerson 1978).
Sample species: L. squamatum
Cytology: n = 30 (2 spp., incl. L. squamatum), c. 45 (L. squamatum).
Shrub with narrow leaves; phyllaries several-seriate.
The following genera form the group of 'herbaceous cacalioids', characterized by

polar endothecial thickenings and lack of interfascicular cambium; the carpo-
podium is usually massive, of 8 or more rows of cells.
22. Dolichoglottis B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 33 (1978) (D. lyalii (Hook. f.) B.
Nord., New Zealand); 2, New Zealand.
Sample species: D. lyallii
Cytology: n = 30 (2 spp. incl. D. lyallit).
Phyllaries 2-seriate; leaf-hairs with elongate apical cells, type 3b ofJeffrey (1987).
C XIV 54 of Jeffrey (1979).
23. Dendrocacalia (Nak.) Nak. ex Tuyama, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 129 (1936) (D.
crepidifolia(Nak.) Nak. ex Tuyama, Bonin Is); 1, Bonin Is.
Sample species: D. crepidifolia
Cytology: n = 30.
Soft-wooded branching shrubs; achenes hairy; leaves glabrous.
C XIII 53 of Jeffrey (1979).
24. Farfugium Lindl., Gard. Chron. 1857: 4 (1857) (F. grande Lindl., cult.); 3,
maritime E Asia.
Sample species: F. japonicum
Cytology: n = 30 (2 spp.).
Leaf-margins involute; achenes hairy; leaf hair type 3b of Jeffrey (1987).
25. Ligularia Cass., Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1816: 198 (1816) nom. cons. (L.
sibirica(L.) Cass., Siberia); c. 125, Eurasia, mostly E Asia & Sinohimalaya, a few
more of doubtful status from U.S.S.R., Korea & China (Liu in Ling & Liu 1989,
China; Pojarkova in Komarov 1961, U.S.S.R.; Rechinger 1989, SW Asia;
Wagenitz in Hegi 1987, Europe).
Sample species: L. sibirica, L. przewalskii
Cytology: n = 16 (2 spp.), 24 (1 sp.), c. 27 (1 sp.), 27 (1 sp.), 29 (6 spp.), 30
(24 spp. incl. L. przewalskii, L. sibirica)
Leaves with strongly sheathing bases; involucres longer than broad; leaf hair

58 KEW BULLETINVOL. 47 (1)
types 2g, d, b, f, 3d of Jeffrey (1987).
C XII 51 (pro parte) of Jeffrey (1979).
26. Cremanthodium Benth., Hooker's Icon. Pl. 12: 37, t. 1141 (1873) (C.
reniforme(DC.) Benth., Himalaya); c. 70, Sinohimalaya, a few more of doubtful
status from China; needs revision (Liu in Ling & Liu 1989, China).
CremanthodiumcampanulatumDiels (1912).
SeneciocampanulatusFranch., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 29: 284 (1892) non Klatt,
Leopoldina 24: 126 (1888).
On account of the homonymy, a new name, not a new combination, was
published by Diels.
Sample species: C. reniforme
Cytology: n = 29 (C. renEforme).
Leaves with strongly sheathing bases; involucres as broad as or broader than
long, nodding; leaf hair types 2b, e of Jeffrey (1987).
27. Sinacalia H. Robins. & Brettell, Phytologia 27: 274 (1977) (Senecio henryi
Hemsl., China); 4, China (Nordenstam 1978, Jeffrey & Chen 1984).
Sample species: S. caroli, S. tangutica
Cytology: n = 30 (S. tangutica).
Rootstock tuberous; carpopodium long, cylindrical; leaf hair type 2b of Jeffrey
(1987).
28. Dicercoclados C. Jeffrey & Y L. Chen, Kew Bull. 39: 213 (1984) (D. trip-
linervis C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, Guizhou); 1, Guizhou.
Sample species: D. triplinervis
Cytology: unknown.
Anther-bases with long rigid tails; style-arm hairs in two brush-like tufts.
29. Parasenecio W. W. Smith & Small, Trans. & Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinburgh 28:
93 (1923) (P. forrestii W. W. Smith & Small, Sichuan); 60, Asia & E European
Russia, mostly E Asia & Sinohimalaya, of which 57, plus a few more of doubtful
status, still currently referred to Cacalia.
Sample species: Cacalia peltifolia, C. delphiniifolia, C. kuisiana, C. hastata, Senecio
monanthos,S. cyclotus
Cytology: n = 26 (4 spp. incl. C. peltifolia, C. delphiniifolia, C. kuisiana), 29 (1 sp.),
30 (12 spp., incl. C. hastata), 60 (1 sp.).
Capitula discoid; cotyledons 2; achenes not hairy, with well-developed vascular
tissue; carpopodium long, sometimes narrow and ring-like; leaf hair types 2c, b,
g of Jeffrey (1987).
30. Miricacalia Kitam., Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 5: 214 (1936) (M. makieana
(Yatabe) Kitam., Japan); 1, Japan.
Sample species: M. makieana

Cytology: n = 26, 27.
Achenes beaked, with scant mechanical tissue; corollas yellow; carpopodium
long; leaf hair type 2b of Jeffrey (1987).
31. Syneilesis Maxim., Prim. Fl. Amur.: 165 (1859) (S. aconitifolia (Bunge)
Maxim., China); 7, E Asia.
Sample species: S. palmata
Cytology: n = 26 (3 spp., incl. S. palmata),39 (1 sp.).
Cotyledon 1; leaf hair type 2b of Jeffrey (1987).
C XII 50 (proparte)of Jeffrey (1979).
32. Doronicum L., Sp. Pi.: 855 (1753) & Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 377 (1754) (D.
pardalianchesL., Europe, Alps); 35, temperate Eurasia & N Africa (Edmondson
in Davis 1975, Turkey; Ferguson in Tutin et al. 1976, Europe; Gorshkova in
Komarov1961, U.S.S.R.; Wagenitzin Hegi 1987, Europe).
Sample species: D. pardalianches
Cytology: n = 15 (1 sp.), 20 (1 sp.), 30 (11 spp., incl. D. pardalianches),
60 (3 spp.,
incl. D. pardalianches).
Phyllaries 2-seriate; leaf-hairs of more or less equal short cells, type 2c of Jeffrey
(1987).
33. Homogyne Cass., Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1816: 198 (1816) (H. alpina (L.)
Cass., Europe); 1, Eurasia (Tutin in Tutin et al. 1976, Europe; Wagenitz in Hegi
1987, Europe).
Sample species: H. alpina
Cytology: n = 30, 60, 65-70, 70, 80.
Monoecious; leaves overwintering; leaf hair type 2h of Jeffrey (1987).
34. Tussilago L., Sp. P1. 865 (1753) & Gen. Pl., Ed. 5: 372 (1754) (T. farfara
L., Europe); 1, Eurasia (Wagenitz in Hegi 1987, Europe)
Sample species: T. farfara
Cytology: n = 30.
Monoecious; flowers precocious; capitula solitary; corollas yellow; leaf hair type
3d Jeffrey (1987).
35. Endocellion Turcz. ex Herd., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 38: 375
(1865) (E. borealeTurcz. ex Herd., Siberia); 2, N & E Asia (Toman 1972).
Sample species: E. boreale
Cytology: n = 28 (1 sp.), 29 (1 sp.), 30 (1 sp.), c. 50 + (1 sp.).
Dioecious; flowers precocious; capitula solitary; rootstock slender.
36. Petasites Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754) (P. hybridus(L.) Gaertn.,
Europe); 18, Eurasia, N America (Dingwall in Tutin et al. 1976, Europe;
Cronquist in Rogerson 1978, N America; Korobkov in Yurtsev 1987, Soviet
Arctic; Wagenitz in Hegi 1987, Europe; Toman 1972); incl. Nardosmia Cass.
Sample species: P. hybridus
Cytology: n = 14 (1 sp.), 16 (1 sp.), 26 (1 sp.), 28 (2 spp.), 30 (12 spp.), 40 (1

sp.), c. 44 (2 spp.), 45 (1 sp.), 60 (1 sp.).

Dioecious; flowers precocious; capitula numerous; rootstock stout; leaf hair types
2h, g, 3d of Jeffrey (1987).
The following are characterized by their short and slender anther-collars and
n = 24-23, and comprise the so-called tephroseroid genera (Tephroseridinae
Jeffrey & Chen 1984); carpopodium ring-like, of c.5 rows of cells.
37. Sinosenecio B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 48 (1978) (S. homogyniphyllus(Cumm.)

B. Nord., Sichuan); 34, China to Korea, Burma & Indochina (Jeffrey & Chen
1984).
SinosenecioeriopodusC. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen (1984).
SenecioeriopodusCumm., Bull. Misc. Inform., Kew 1908: 18 (1908) non Klatt,
Leopoldina 24: 125 (1888).
On account of the homonymy, a new name, not a new combination, was pub-
lished by Jeffrey & Chen.
Sample species: S. euosmus, S. trinervius

Leaves palmately veined; leaf hair types 2f, g, a of Jeffrey (1987).
B XII 52 of Jeffrey (1979).
38. Nemosenecio (Kitam.) B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 45 (1978) (S. nikoensis(Miq.)
B. Nord., Japan); 6, China & Japan (Jeffrey & Chen 1984).
Sample species: N. nikoensis
Cytology: n = 10 (N. nikoensis), 20 (N. nikoensis), 24 (N. nikoensis); only the last
is accepted as correct by Koyama (1969).
Leaves pinnately lobed; leaf hair type 2g of Jeffrey (1987).
B XI 49 of Jeffrey (1979).
39. Tephroseris (Reichenb.) Reichenb., Deutsche Bot. Fl. Sax.: 146 (1842) (T.
crispa (Jacq.) Reichenb., T. spathulifolia(Gmel.) Reichenb., T. campestris(Retz.)
Reichenb., C. Europe); c. 35 in the N cool temperate & Arctic regions, some 12
others the status of which remains to be clarified; regional treatments vary
greatly; revision needed (Nordenstam 1978; Jeffrey & Chen 1984, China).
Sample species: T. papposa, T. rivularis, T. japonica, T. flammea, T. palustris
Cytology: n = 9 (1 sp.), 13 (T. flammea), 17 (1 sp.), 20 (1 sp.), 22 (1 sp.), 23 (1
sp.), 24 (15 spp., incl. T. japonica, T. flammea, T. palustris), 25 (4 spp., incl. T.
palustris), 36 (1 sp.), 40 (1 sp.), c. 40 (1 sp.), 48 (3 spp.), 45-52 (2 spp.).
Leaves pinnately veined; endothecial thickenings radial; leaf hair types 2h, g, b,
3a, d of Jeffrey (1987).
B X 48 of Jeffrey (1979).
3. THE GYNOXYOID GENERA
These combine the plesiomorphic 'cacalioid' features of cylindrical anther-

collars and polar endothecial thickenings with high 'senecionoid' (based on

x = 10) chromosome numbers.
40. Alciope DC. ex Lindl., Intr. Nat. Syst. Bot., ed. 2: 755 (1836) nom. illegit.
superfl. (A. tabularis(Thunb.) DC. & A. lanata (Lam.) DC., South Africa); 3, SW
Cape; revision needed.
Sample species: A. tabularis
Cytology: unknown.
Phyllaries multiseriate, imbricate; coralla-lobes short; leaf hair type 3b of Jeffrey
(1987).
41. Paracalia Cuatrec.,Brittonia 12: 183 (1960) (P. pentamera(Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.,

Bolivia); 2, Peru, Bolivia.
Sample species: P. pentamera
Cytology: unknown.
Corolla white; limb lobed to base; style-arms penicillate-appendaged; lianas.
42. Paragynoxys (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec., Brittonia 8: 153 (1955) (P. neodendroides

(Cuatrec.) Cuatrec., Colombia); 14, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru.
Sample species: P. meridana
Cytology: n = c. 40 (P. meridana).
Corolla white; limb campanulate, lobed to base; trees.
43. Gynoxys Cass., Dict. Sc. Nat. 48: 455 (1827) (G. buxifolia (Kunth) Cass.,
Ecuador); about 118, Andes of tropical America, revision needed.
Sample species: G. buxifolia
Cytology: n = c. 40 (2 spp.).
Leaves opposite; style-arms penicillate-appendaged; leaf hair types 3d, e and
vessel distribution type 05 of Jeffrey (1987).
44. Aequatorium B. Nord., Bot. Not. 44: 59 (1978) (A. asterotrichumB. Nord.,
Ecuador); c. 8, Colombia to Argentina; incl. Gynoxyssect. Praegynoxys(Cuatrec.)
Cuatrec.
Aequatoriumalbiflorum(Wedd.) Diaz & Cuatrec. (1990).*

Gynoxys albiflora Wedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 78 (1856). Type: Colombia, Linden
907 (isotypes BM!, K!)
Aequatorium fabrisii (Cabrera)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

GynoxysfabrisiiCabrera, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 15: 332 (1974). Type: Argentina,
Jujuy, Valle Grande, Rio Jordain, Fabris, Crisci & Petriella in Fabris 5717
(isotype K!).
Aequatorium jamesonii (S. F. Blake) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
GynoxysjamesoniiS. F. Blake, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 34 (1928). Type: Ecuador,
Jameson 227 (holotype K!).
AequatoriumpolygonoidesB. Nord. (1978).
*See Diaz- Piedrahita & Cuatrecasas (1990a).

62 KEWBULLETINVOL. 47 (1)
SeneciopolygonoidesCuatrec., Not. Fl. Colomb. 6: 20 (1944) non Muschl., Wiss.
Erg. Deut. Zentr.-Afr. Exped., Bot. 1907-8 2: 398 (1911).
lished by Nordenstam.
Aequatoriumverrucosum(Wedd.) Diaz & Cuatrec. (1990).*
Gynoxys repandaWedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 77 (1856). Type: Bolivia, Lorecaja,
Weddell(holotype P).
Aequatorium stellatopilosum (Greenm.& Cuatrec.ex Cuatrec.)C. Jeffreycomb. nov.

SeneciostellatopilosusGreenm. & Cuatrec. ex Cuatrec., Collect. Bot. (Barcelona)
3: 264 (1953). Type: Peru, Villacabamba, Rio Chinchao, Macbride 4946
(holotype F).
Aequatorium verrucosum (Wedd.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
GynoxysverrucosaWedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 77 (1856). Type: Colombia, Linden
1050 (holotype K!, isotype BM!).
The genus is well-defined by the indumentum of complex stellate hairs.
Sample species: A. polygonoides
Cytology: unknown.
Complex stellate hairs (type 3g) present; vessel distribution types 05, 10 ofJeffrey
(1987).
45. Herodotia Urb. & Eckm., Ark. Bot. 20, A (5): 63 (1926) (H. haitiensis Urb.
& Eckm., Haiti); 3, Hispaniola (Jimenez 1977).
Sample species: H. haitensis
Cytology: unknown.
Capitula with 2 -3 florets; phyllaries 4-6; lianas; carpopodium massive, of c. 11
rows of cells.
4. THE SENECIONOID GENERA
These are all the genera with balusterform anther-collars and correspond to the
'senecionoids', 'gynuroids' and 'othonnoids' ofJeffrey (1979) plus the 'insulares'
and the Adenostylesgroup of his 'cacalioids'; they form the subtribe Senecioninaein
the sense of Jeffrey & Chen (1984) and Jeffrey (1986).
I. THE NEOTROPICAL GROUP
A group of mainly woody genera, shrubs, lianas or sometimes trees, charac-

teristically with non-fistulose receptacles.
46. Pladaroxylon Hook. f in Hooker's Icon. P1. 11: 47, t. 1055 (1870) (P.
leucadendron(Forst. f.) Hook. f., (St. Helena); 1, St Helena (Nordenstam 1978).
Sample species: P. leucadendron
Cytology: unknown.
*See Diaz-Piedrahita & Cuatrecasas (1990a).

Megaphytic trees; corolla limb deeply lobed; inflorescences terminal.
47. Lachanodes DC. in Guill., Arch. Bot. (Paris) 2: 332 (1833) (L. arborea
(Roxb.) B. Nord., St Helena); 1, St Helena (Nordenstam 1978).
Sample species: L. arborea
Cytology: unknown.
Megaphytic trees; corolla limb deeply lobed; inflorescences lateral.
48. Scrobicaria Cass., Dict. Sc. Nat. 48: 456 (1827) (S. ilicifolia (Linn. f.) B.
Nord., Colombia); 2, Venezuela & Colombia (Nordenstam 1978).
Sample species: S. ilicifolia
Cytology: unknown.
Leaves opposite; receptacle with scale-like processes; leaf hair type 3b, and vessel
49. Odontocline B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 23 (1978) (0. glabra (Sw.) B. Nord.,
Jamaica); 6, Jamaica (Nordenstam 1978, 1990).
Sample species: 0. glabra
Cytology: n = 30 (2 spp., incl. 0. glabra).
Receptacle with scale-like processes; style-arms appendaged; leaves unlobed;
carpopodium massive.
50. Jacmaia B. Nord., Bot. Not. 44: 64 (1978) (J. incana (Sw.) B. Nord.,
Jamaica); 5, Jamaica, Costa Rica.
Jacmaia cooperi (Greenm.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciocooperiGreenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 284 (1907).
Type: Costa Rica, Cartago, Cooperin Donnell Smith 5803 (syntype GH, iso-
syntype K!), Pittier 3405 p. p. (syntype GH).
Jacmaia laciniata (Sw.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Cineraria laciniata Sw., Fl. Ind. Occid. 3: 1352 (1806). Type: Jamaica, Swartz
(lectotype S, isolectotype BM!).
Odontoclinelaciniata (Sw.) B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 25 (1978).
Jacmaia megaphylla (Greenm.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciomegaphyllusGreenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 284 (1907).
Type: Costa Rica, Copey, Tonduz 11700 (syntype GH), 11844 (syntype GH,
isosyntype K!).
Jacmaia multivenia (Benth. ex Oerst.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio multivenius Benth. ex Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk. Naturalist.
Foren., Kjobenhavn 1852: 109 (1853). Type: Costa Rica, Irasu, Orsted 151
(holotype K!).
Sample species: J. incana, J. laciniata, J. multivenia
Cytology: n = c. 50 (2 spp., incl. J. megaphylla&J. sp. aff. J. multiveniae).
Receptacle with scale-like processes; style-arms appendaged; leaves pinnately
lobed; leaf hair type 2d of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium massive, of 10-12 or

64 VOL. 47 (1)
KEWBULLETIN
more rows of cells.
A VIII 11 of Jeffrey (1979).
51. Shafera Greenm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 2: 327 (1912) (S.
platyphylla Greenm., Cuba); 1, Cuba.
Sample species: S. platyphylla Greenm.
Cytology: unknown.
Involucre 3-4-seriate; receptacle fimbrilliferous; achenes hairy; carpopodium
ring-like, of c. 6 rows of cells.
The achene hairs have the two long cells slightly unequal in length, an appar-
ently unique feature for the tribe; further investigation is needed to confirm the
tribal position of this genus.
52. Mattfeldia Urb., Ark. Bot. 23, A (11): 90 (1931) (M. triplinervisUrb., Haiti);
1, Hispaniola.
Sample species: not studied
Cytology: unknown.
Ray corollas bilabiate.
Tribal position needs confirmation.
53. Dresslerothamnus H. Robins., Phytologia 40: 493 (1978) (D. angustiradiata

(T. Barkl.) H. Robins., Panama); 4, Costa Rica, Panama & Colombia (Robinson
1989).
Dresslerothamnus schizotrichus (Greenm.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio schizotrichusGreenm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1518
(1938). Type: Costa Rica, San Jose, Skutch 2502 (isotype K!).
Sample species: S. angustiradiatus
Cytology: unknown.
Complex stelliform hairs present.
54. Pentacalia Cass., Dict. Sc. Nat. 48: 461 (1827) (P. arborea(Kunth) H. Robins.
& Cuatrec., Colombia); c. 205, tropical Americas (Robinson & Cuatrecasas
1978, C. America; Cuatrecasas 1981), revision needed.
Pentacalia guerrerensis (T M. Barkley) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioguerrerensisT. M. Barkley, Phytologia 69: 138 (1990). Type: Mexico,
Guerrero, Mun. de Tlacotepec, Rzedowski 16525 (holotype MICH).
Pentacalia tropicalis (Cabrera)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciotropicalisCabrera, Rodriguesia 21-22: 144 (1959). Type: Brazil, Rio de
Janeiro, Jacarepagua, Pereira4034 (holotype RB).
Pentacalia venturae (T. M. Barkley) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioventuraeT. M. Barkley, Phytologia 69: 140 (1990). Type: Mexico, Vera
Cruz, Mun. de Ishuacan, Ventura 4493 (holotype MICH, isotypes CAS,
KANU, UMO).
Sample species: P. desiderabilis,P. parasitica

Cytology: n = 20 (1 sp.), c. 40 (1 sp.), 45-50 (2 spp., incl. P. desiderabilis),50
(1 sp.), c. 51 (1 sp.).
Achenes 5-ribbed; lianas; leaf hair types 2a, 3d and vessel distribution type 04
of Jeffrey (1987).
55. Dendrophorbium (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey gen. et stat. nov.

SenecioL. sect. PluricephaliCabr., Lilloa 5: 70 (1939). Type: Seneciopluricephalus
Cabr. (Brazil).
SenecioL. sect. MacbrideusCuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27: 72 (1951). Type: Senecio
macbrideiGreenm. (Peru).
Senecio L. sect. DendrophorbiumCuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27: 72 (1951). Type:
Seneciosilvani Cuatrec. (Colombia).
About 50, northern Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Bolivia, Andes north to Colombia,
West Indies; revision needed.
Dendrophorbium americanum (Linn. f.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

CinerariaamericanaLinn. f., Suppl.: 373 (1781). Type: Colombia, Mutis (syntypes
LINN 1000/28 & 1000/29).
Senecioamericanus(Linn. f.) DC., Prodr. 6: 310 (1838).
Dendrophorbium arboluco (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioarbolucoCuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27: 18 (1950). Type: Colombia, Cauca,
Cuatrecasas
19216 (holotype F, isotypes K!, NY!).
Dendrophorbium archeri (Cautrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio archeri Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (2): 28 (1951). Type: Colombia,
Antioquia, Archer 1581 (holotype US!).
Dendrophorbium barkleyanum (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciobarkleyanusCuatrec. in Feddes Repert. 55: 133 (1953). Type: Colombia,
Antioquia, Gutidrrez,Correa& Barkley 18C221 (holotype US!).
Dendrophorbium biacuminatum (Rusby) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio biacuminatusRusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 394 (1907). Type:
Bolivia, Bang 2879 (holotype NY!, isotypes BM!, K!).
Dendrophorbium bomanii (R. E. Fries) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciobomaniiR. E. Fries, Ark. Bot. 5 (13): 26 (1906). Type: Argentina, Jujuy,
Fries 412 (holotype S).
Dendrophorbium brachycodon (Bak.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

SeneciobrachycodonBak. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6 (3): 319 (1884). Type: Brazil, Sello
2189, 2217 (syntypes ?).
Dendrophorbium bradei (Cabrera)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciobradeiCabrera, Brittonia 7: 61 (1950). Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Serra
dos Orgfios, Brade16506 (holotype LP, isotype NY!).
Dendrophorbium buchtienii (Greenm.) C. Jeffreycomb. nov.
Senecio buchtienii Greenm., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 10: 78 (1923). Type:
Bolivia, Unduavi, Buchtien 3087 (syntypes NY!, US).

66 VOL.47
KEW BULLETIN (1)
Dendrophorbium cabrerae (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio cabreraeCuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (2): 61 (1951). Type: Bolivia,
Unduavi, Buchtien 3084, 3085 (syntypes US).
Dendrophorbium cabrerianum (Greenm. & Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciocabrerianusGreenm. & Cuatrec., Feddes Repert. 55: 134 (1953). Type:
Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Williams 1460 (syntypes NY!, US, isosyntype K!).
Dendrophorbium catharinense (Dusin ex Cabrera)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciocatharinensisDusen ex Cabrera, Brittonia 7: 62 (1950). Type: Brazil, Santa
Catarina, Nova Teutonia, Plaumann 584 (holotype RB).
Dendrophorbium chaenocephalum (Cabrera) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciochaenocephalusCabrera, Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot. 9: 192 (1944). Type:
Bolivia, Santa Cruz, Steinbach2705 (holotype LP).
Dendrophorbium colombianum (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciocolombianusCuatrec., Caldasia 1 (1): 9 (1940). Type: Colombia, Cundi-
namarca, Cuatrecasas422 (holotype COL, isotype US!).
Dendrophorbium coroicense (Rusby) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciocoroicensisRusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 395 (1907). Type: Bolivia,
Coroico, Bang 2435 (holotype NY!, isotypes BM!, K!).
Dendrophorbium curvidens (Sch. Bip. ex Klatt) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio curvidens Sch. Bip. ex Klatt, Leopoldina 24: 127 (1888). Type: Peru,
Tatanara, Lechler2658 (isotypes K!, NY!).
Dendrophorbium dielsii C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Senecio dielsii Domke, Biblioth. Bot. 29 (116): 172 (1937) nom. illegit., non
Leveille (1916). Type: Ecuador, Chimborazo, Diels 559 (holotype Bt).
Dendrophorbium dolichodoryium (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

SeneciodolichodoryiusCuatrec., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98 (3): 623 (1985). Type:
Peru, Chachopoyas, Wurdack1306 (holotype US, isotype K!).
Dendrophorbium fastigiaticephalum (Cabrera) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciofastigiaticephalusCabrera, Brittonia 7: 62 (1950). Type: Brazil, Sio Paulo,
Campos de Jordio, Lanstyack(holotype RB).
Dendrophorbium favillosum (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciofavillosusCuatrec., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 74: 20 (1961). Type: Colombia,
Magdalena, Romero Castaieda 7449 (holotype US!).
Dendrophorbium floribundum (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Pentacaliafloribunda Cuatrec., Phytologia 49 (3): 254 (1981). Type: Ecuador,
Coraz6n, Sodiro 59/19 (holotype Bt, isotypes NY!, ?QPLS).
Dendrophorbium fortunatum (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciofortunatusCuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (2): 47 (1951). Type: Peru, Cuzco,
Herrera2096 (holotype US).
Dendrophorbium fruticosum (Vell.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciofruticosusVell., Fl. Flumin. Ic. 8, t. 109 (1831). Type: Brazil, Vellozo(t).

Dendrophorbium glaziovii (Bak.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecioglaziovii Bak. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6 (3): 305 (1884). Type: Brazil, Minas
Gerais, Regnell III 798, Glaziou 7707, Sio Paulo, Glaziou 11105 (syntypes K!).
Dendrophorbium karstenii (Hieron.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio karstenii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 641 (1900). Type: Colombia,
Karsten 26 (holotype ?Bt).
Dendrophorbium krukoffii (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

SeneciokrukoffiiCuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (2): 60 (1951). Type: Bolivia, La Paz,
Krukoff 10715 (syntypes F, NY!, isosyntype K!).
Dendrophorbium limosum C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Senecio limosus Dusen ex Malme, Kongl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 12
(2): 103 (1933) nom. illegit. non 0. Hoffmn. (1903). Type: Brazil, Parana,
Serra do Mar, Dusin 8226 & 14076 (syntypes S).
Dendrophorbium Iloense (Hieron. ex Sodiro) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Senecio loensisHieron. ex Sodiro, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 29: 71 (1900). Type: Ecuador,
Sodiro 5914, Lehmann 6233 (isosyntypes K!).
Dendrophorbium longilinguae (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Senecio longilinguae Cuatrec., Fieldiana 27 (2): 51 (1951). Type: Bolivia, Bang
2495 (holotype US).
Dendrophorbium lucidum (DC.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Cinerarialucida Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1360 (1806). Type: Martinique, Fahlberg
(holotype ?S).
Dendrophorbium medullosum (Sch. Bip. ex Greenm.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciomedullosumSch. Bip. ex Greenm., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 10: 85 (1923).
Type: Bolivia, Unduavi, Mandon 147 (holotype GH, isotypes BM!, NY!).
SeneciooblanceolatusRusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 394 (1907) nom. illegit.,
non Rydb. (1900). Type: Bolivia, Bang 2632 (holotype NY!).
Dendrophorbium missionum (Cabrera) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Senecio missionum Cabrera, Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot. 1: 24 (1935). Type:
Argentina, Missiones, Gruner1150, 1150a (syntypes LP).
Dendrophorbium moscopanum (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciomoscopanusCuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (1): 16 (1950). Type: Colombia,
Cauca, Cuatrecasas23512 (holotype F).
Dendrophorbium multinerve (Sch. Bip. ex Klatt) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciomultinervisSch. Bip. ex Klatt, Leopoldina 24: 127 (1888). Type: Bolivia,
Larecaja, Mandon 142 (lectotype P, isolectotypes BM!, K!).
Dendrophorbium ocanense (Greenm. & Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioocanansisGreenm. & Cuatrec., Brittonia 8: 191 (1956). Type: Colombia,
N. de Santander, Schlim 680 (holotype P, isotype K!).
Dendrophorbium onae (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecioonae Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (1): 30 (1950). Type: Ecuador, Azuay,

68 KEWBULLETIN
VOL.47 (1)
Steyermark53688 (holotype F, isotype NY!).
Dendrophorbium pellucidinerve (Sch. Bip. ex Bak.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciopellucidinervisSch. Bip. ex Bak. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6 (3): 319 (1884). Type:
Brazil, Burchell4548, Glaziou 11106, Riedel (syntypes K!).
Dendrophorbium peregrinum (Griseb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioperegrinusGriseb., Abh. Konigl. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 24: 205 (1879).
Type: Bolivia, Lorentz & Hieronymus645 (holotype Bt).
Dendrophorbium pluricephalum (Cabrera)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciomyriocephalusBak. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6 (3): 319 (1884) nom. illegit., non
Sch. Bip. ex A. Rich. (1848). Type: Brazil, Sello 1232, 4257 (syntypes K!).
SeneciopluricephalusCabrera, Notas Prelim. Mus. La Plata 3: 119 (1934). Type:
as above.
Dendrophorbium pururu (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Senecio pururu Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (1): 19 (1950). Type: Ecuador,
Santiago-Zamora, Steyermark53544 (holotype F, isotype NY!).
Dendrophorbium reflexum (Kunth) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio reflexusKunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. ed. fol. 4: 142 (1818). Type:
Ecuador, Humboldt & Bonpland (holotype P).
SeneciosemidentatusKlatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 331 (1882). Type: Colombia,
Triana 88 (lectotype P, isolectotype K!).
Dendrophorbium scaphiforme (Greenm.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

SenecioscaphiformisGreenm., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 817 (1938). Type:
Colombia, Popoyin, Lehmann B.T. 493 (syntypes K! NY!).
Dendrophorbium scytophyllum (Kunth) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioscytophyllusKunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. ed. fol. 4: 142 (1818). Type:
Ecuador, Humboldt & Bonpland (holotype P).
Dendrophorbium sibundoyense (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciosibundoyensisCuatrec., Notas Fl. Colomb. 6: 30 & Rev. Acad. Colomb.
6: 56 (1944). Type: Colombia, Putumayo, Cuatrecasas11563 (holotype COL).
Dendrophorbium silvani (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Seneciosilvani Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (1): 14 (1950). Type: Colombia, Valle,
Cuatrecasas21698 (holotype F).
Dendrophorbium sotarense (Hieron.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Senecio sotarensis Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 360 (1895). Type: Colombia,
Cauca, Stuebel339a (holotype Bt).
Dendrophorbium storkii (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio storkii Cuatrec., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 101: 244 (1954). Type: Peru,
Cajamarca, Chota, Stork & Horton 10052 (holotype P).
Dendrophorbium tabacifolium (Rusby) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciotabacifoliusRusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 396 (1907). Type: Bolivia,
Yungas, Bang 2385 (holotype NY!, isotypes BM!, K!).

Dendrophorbium ullucosanum (Hieron.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio ullucosanusHieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 636 (1900). Type: Colombia,
Popoyan, Lehmann 7977 (holotype ?Bt).
Dendrophorbium usgorense (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciousgorensisCuatrec., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 101: 244 (1954). Type: Peru,
Ancash, Ferreyra7565 (holotype F).
Dendrophorbium yalusay (Cabrera)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioyalusayCabrera, Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot. 15: 112 (1950). Type: Peru,
Junin, Ochoa 5421 (holotype LP, isotype K!).
Dendrophorbium yungasense (Britton) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioyungasensisBritton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 19: 264 (1892). Type: Bolivia,
Yungas, Rusby 1719 (holotype NY!, isotype BM!).
The genus is characterized by the herbaceo-arborescent to suffruticose (but rarely
scandent) habit, usually large denticulate or dentate leaves and capitula in copious
terminal compound cymes or thyrses. The new combinations made above are for
species known to me; more, doubtless, are at present maintained under Senecio
in the above-cited sections or under Pentacalia, especially subgen. Microchaete.The
anther-bases are tailed in some species, not so in others; the taxonomic significance
of this difference, if any, is yet to be elucidated.
Sample species: D. brachycodon, D. curvidens,D. glaziovii, D. multinerve,D. pellucidinerve,
D. pluricephalum,D. reflexum,D. scytophyllum,D. sylvani.
Cytology: n = c. 40 (D. reflexum),49-50 (D. reflexum),c. 50 (1 sp.).
Dendrophorbs; achenes 5-ribbed; leaf hair types 2a, f, g, 3a and vessel distribution
types 05, 02 of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium ring-like, of c. 5-8 rows of cells,
sometimes extending upwards to some extent on the ribs.
A VI 7 & 9 of Jeffrey (1979).
56. Monticalia C. Jeffrey nom. nov.

MicrochaeteBenth., P1. Hartw.: 209 (1845) nom. rejic. non Thuret ex Bornet
& Flahault (1886) nom. cons. Type: MicrochaetecorymbosaBenth. (Colombia).
About 60, north and central Andes, revision needed.
Monticalia abietina (Willd. ex Wedd.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioabietinusWilld. ex Wedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 100 (1856). Type: Colombia,
Bogota, Humboldt & Bonpland, Linden 1250 (syntypes P).
Monticalia alcidiphylla (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioalcidiphyllusCuatrec., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 77: 149 (1964). Type: Peru,
Amazonas, Wurdack1196 (holotype US, isotype NY!).
Monticalia albiramea (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioalbirameusCuatrec., Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 21 (97): 302 (1960). Type:
Venezuela, TIichira, Pannier & Schwabe 1685 (holotype F, isotype US!).
Monticalia andicola (Turcz.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecioandicola Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24 (2): 91 (1851).
Type: Ecuador, Jameson 847 (holotype ?KW).

Monticalia apiculata (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioapiculatusSch. Bip. ex Wedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 128 (1856). Type:
Venezuela, M&rida,Linden487 (holotype P, isotype K!).
Monticalia arbutifolia (Kunth)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioarbutifoliusKunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Spec. ed. fol. 4: 143 (1818).
Type: Ecuador, Humboldt & Bonpland (holotype P).
Monticalia batallonensis (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio Cuatrec., Phytologia29: 382 (1974). Type: Venezuela, Tichira,
batallonensis
Cuatrecasas,Ruiz- Terdn& Ldpez-Figuieras28415 (holotype US!, isotype MERF).
Monticalia cachacoensis (Cuatrec.)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (2): 34 (1951). Type: Colombia,
Seneciocachacoensis
Trujillo, Christ85 (holotype US!).
Monticalia carrikeri (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciocarrikeriCuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (2): 33 (1951). Type: Colombia,
Magdalena, Carriker56 (holotype US!).
Monticalia cleefli (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciocleefiiCuatrec., Phytologia 31: 322 (1975). Type: Colombia, Boyacai,Cleef
8826 (holotype US!, isotype U).
Monticalia corymbosa (Benth.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Microchaete
corymbosaBenth., Pl. Hartw.: 196 (1845). Type: Colombia, Cundi-
namarca, Hartweg1086 (holotype, isotype K!).
Monticalia empetroides (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecioempetroides
Cuatrec., Brittonia 8: 41 (1954). Type: Ecuador, Azuay, Camp
E-2254 (holotype F, isotypes NY!, US!).
Monticalia firmipes (Greenm.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciofirmipesGreenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 39: 119 (1903). Type: Costa
Rica, Pittier10472 (holotype US).
Monticalia flocculidens (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioflocculidensSch. Bip. ex Wedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 127 (1856). Type:
Venezuela, Merida, Funck& Schlim1267 (holotype P, isotype BM!).
Monticalia flosfragrans (Cuatrec.)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioflosfragransCuatrec., Notas Fl. Colomb. 6: 21 (1944). Type: Colombia,
Cundinamarca, Cuatrecasas 10461 (holotype COL, isotype US!).
var. frigidophila (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (2): 23 (1951). Type: Colombia,
Seneciofrigidophila
Boyaca, Cuatrecasas1498 (holotype F).
Monticalia gelida (Wedd.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciogelidus Wedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 95 (1856). Type: Colombia, Tolima,
Goudot(holotype P).
Monticalia greenmaniana (Hieron.) C. Jefrey comb. nov.
SeneciogreenmanianusHieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 28: 643 (1901). Type: Venezuela,

Merida, Moritz 1384 (holotype ?Bt, isotype BM!).
Monticalia guadalupe (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecioguadalupe Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (2): 23 (1951). Type: Colombia,
Cundinamarca, Pennell 2254 (holotype NY!).
Monticalia guicanensis (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio guicanensis Cuatrec., Caldasia 1: 8 (1940). Type: Colombia, Boyacai,
Cuatrecasas& Garcia-Barriga1464 (holotype COL, isotype US!).
Monticalia imbricatifolia (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio imbricatifoliusSch. Bip. ex Wedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 96 (1856). Type:
Venezuela, Merida, Moritz 1394 (holotype P, isotype BM!).
Monticalia ledifolia (Kunth) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Cacalia ledifolia Kunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. ed. fol. 4: 127 (1818). Type:
Colombia, Humboldt & Bonpland (holotype P).
subsp. schlimii (Wedd.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio ledifolius (Kunth) DC. var. schlimii Wedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 94 (1856).
Type: Colombia, Santander, Funck&Schlim 1291 (holotype P, isotypes BM!, K!).
subsp. lehmannii (Hieron.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio lehmannii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19: 66 (1894). Type: Colombia,
Antioquia, Lehmann 7434 (isotype K!).
Monticalia leioclada (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio leioclados Cuatrec., Notas. Fl. Colomb. 6: 20 (1944). Type: Colombia,
Cundinamarca, Cuatrecasas13536 (holotype COL).
Monticalia libertatis (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciolibertatisCuatrec., Phytologia 29: 383 (1974). Type: Venezuela, M'rida,
Cuatrecasas,Ruiz- Terdn& Ldpez-Figueiras28512 (holotype US!, isotype MERF).
Monticalia lindenii (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciolindenii Sch. Bip. ex Wedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 101 (1856). Type: Colombia,
Santander, Linden 721 (holotype P, isotypes BM!, K!).
Monticalia magnicalyculata (Badillo) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciomagnicalyculatusBadillo, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 10: 315 (1946). Type:
Venezuela, Merida, Jahn 971 (holotype VEN, isotype US!).
Monticalia mamancanacana (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio mamancanacanusCuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (2): 32 (1951). Type:
Colombia, Magdalena, Cabot Exped. 6 (holotype GH, isotype US!).
Monticalia masonhalei (Rukz-Terdn& Ldpez-Figueiras)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciomasonhaleiRuiz-Terin & L6pez-Figueiras, Revista Fac. Farm. Univ. Los
Andes 17: 20 (1976). Type: Venezuela, Merida, Ldpez-Figueiras11905 (holo-
type MERF, isotype US!).
Monticalia micropachyphylla (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio micropachyphyllusCuatrec. in Feddes Repert. 55: 140 (1955). Type:
Venezuela, M6rida, J]ahn 65 (holotype US!).

Monticalia mutisii (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciomutisiiCuatrec., Trab. Mus. Nac. Ci. Nat. Ser. Bot. 29: 42 (1935). Type:
Colombia, Tolima, Cuatrecasas 2880 (holotype MA, isotype K!).
Monticalia myrsinites (Turcz.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciomyrsinites
Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 24 (1): 211 (1851).
Type: Ecuador, Quito, Jameson229 (holotype ?KW).
Monticalia nigrostagnosa(Cuatrec.) C. Jeffreycomb. nov.
Senecionigrostagnosus
Cuatrec., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 15 (2): 236 (1956). Type:
Venezuela,M6rida,Humbert 26507 (holotypeP).
Monticalia nitida (Kunth)C. Jeffreycomb. nov.
CacalianitidaKunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. ed. fol. 4: 127 (1818). Type:
?Colombia,Humboldt & Bonpland (holotypeP).
Monticalia novolanata (Cuatrec.) C.Jeffreycomb. nov.
novolanatus
Senecio Cuatrec., Fieldiana,Bot. 27 (2): 24 (1951). Type: Colombia,
Santander,Killip& Smith17505(holotypeUS!).
Monticalia pachypus (Greenm.) C.Jeffreycomb. nov.
SeneciopachypusGreenm., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 811 (1938). Type:
Venezuela, Merida, Pittier13243(holotypeMO, isotypeK!).
Monticalia perijaensis (Cuatrec.)C.Jeffreycomb. nov.
SenecioperjaensisCuatrec., Feddes Repert. 55: 143 (1953). Type: Colombia,
Magdalena,Grant10854(holotypeUS!, isotypeNY!).
Monticalia peruviana (Pers.)C. Jeffreycomb. nov.
Senecio
peruvianusPers., Syn. Pl. 2: 436 (1807). Type: (holotypeP-JUSS 8968).
Monticalia polymera (Klatt)C.Jeffreycomb. nov.
Senecio
polymerus Klatt,Abh. Naturf.Ges. Halle 15: 332 (1882).Type: Colombia,
Magdalena-Cesar,Funck505 (holotypeW, isotypeK!).
Monticalia prunifolia (Wedd.)C. Jeffreycomb. nov.
Senecio
prunifoliusWedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 102 (1856). Type: Colombia,N. de
Santander,Schlim447 (isotypeK!).
Monticalia pulchella (Kunth)C. Jeffreycomb. nov.
Cacalia
pulchellaKunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. ed. fol. 4: 126 (1818). Type:
Colombia,Cundinamarca,Humboldt & Bonpland (holotypeP).
subsp. guantivana (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffreycomb. nov.
Senecio
guantivanusCuatrec., Notas Fl. Colomb. 6: 23 (1944). Type: Colombia,
Cundinamarca,Cuatrecasas 10344 (holotypeCOL, isotypesNY!, US!).
var. pungens (Kunth)C. Jeffreycomb. nov.
CacaliapungensKunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. ed. fol. 4: 125 (1818). Type:
Colombia,Humboldt & Bonpland (holotypeP).
Monticalia quiroana (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioquiroanaCuatrec., Feddes Repert. 55: 143 (1953). Type: Venezuela,
M&rida,Jahn 709 (holotype US!).

Monticalia ramentosa (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio ramentosusCautrec., Notas Fl. Colomb. 6: 21 (1944). Type: Colombia,
Piramo de Tami, Schultes & Smith 12671 (holotype COL, isotype US!).
Monticalia reissiana (Hieron.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio reissianus Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 356 (1895). Type: Colombia,
Cundinamarca, Stuebel 141 (holotype Bt).
Monticalia rex (Sandw.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
CulcitiumrexSandw., Bull. Misc. Inform., Kew 1941: 224 (1942). Type: Venezuela,
M6rida, Hanbury-Tracy 151 (holotype K!).
Monticalia rigidifolia (Badillo) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio rigidifolius Badillo, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 10: 318 (1947). Type:
Venezuela, Lard, Steyermark55496 (holotype VEN, isotypes NY!, US!).
Monticalia rosmarinifolia (Benth.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Culcitiumrosmarinifolium Benth., Pl. Hartw.: 207 (1845). Type: Ecuador, Antisana,
Hartweg 1152 (isotypes G, P).
Monticalia ruiteranii (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio ruiteranii Cuatrec., Phytologia 20: 477 (1971). Type: Venezuela, Lari,
Cuatrecasas,Ruiz-Terdn & Ldpez-Figueiras28204 (isotype K!).
Monticalia sclerosa (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio sclerosus Cuatrec., Notas Fl. Colomb. 6: 24 (1944). Type: Venezuela,
Merida, Gehriger95 (holotype NY!).
Monticalia stuebelii (Hieron) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio stuebelii Hieron., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: 357 (1895). Type: Colombia,
Narifio, Stuebel440a (holotype Bt).
Monticalia subarachnoidea (Wedd.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio subarachnoideusWedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 127 (1856). Type: Colombia,
Magdalena, Schlim 810, 813 (syntypes P, isosyntypes K!).
Monticalia tolimensis (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciotolimensisSch. Bip. ex Wedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 98 (1856). Type: Colombia,
Tolima, Linden 939, Schlim 346 (syntypes P, isosyntypes BM!, K!).
Monticalia trichopus (Benth.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
MicrochaetetrichopusBenth., P1. Hartw.: 210 (1845). Type: Colombia, Cauca,
Hartweg 1163 (holotype K!).
Monticalia tunamensis (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciotunamensisCuatrec. in Feddes Repert. 55: 150 (1953). Type: Venezuela,
M&rida, Jahn 60 (holotype US!).
Monticalia vaccinioides (Kunth) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Cacalia vaccinioidesKunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. ed. fol. 4:126 (1818). Type:
Colombia, Cauca, Humboldt & Bonpland (syntypes P).
Monticalia venezuelensis (Sandw.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

SeneciovenezuelensisSandw., Bull. Misc. Inform., Kew 1941: 226 (1942). Type:
Venezuela, Merida, Hanbury-Tracy264 (holotype K!).
Monticalia vernicifolia (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciovernicifoliusCuatrec., Brittonia 8 (3): 190 (1956). Type: Peru, Huancamba,
Sandeman4298 (holotype K!).
Monticalia vernicosa (Sch. Bip. ex Wedd.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio vernicosus Sch. Bip. ex Wedd., Chlor. Andina 1: 94 (1856). Type:
Colombia, Tolima, Linden 899 (holotype P, isotypes F, K!).
Monticalia verticillata (Klatt) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio verticillataKlatt, Abh. Naturf. Ges. Halle 15: 351 (1882). Type: Peru,
Chachapoyas, Mathews 105 (lectotype K!).
Monticalia viridialba (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioviridialbusCuatrec., Revista Acad. Colomb. Ci. Exact. 5: 30 (1944). Type:
Colombia, Santander, Cuatrecasas13525 (holotype COL, isotype US!).
The genus is characterized by the microphyllous, shrubby habit and the well-
developed irregularly-margined carpopodia of the achenes. Further synonymy is
given by Cuatrecasas (1981). Some species still remain under Senecio and/or
Pentacalia, under which latter the species were mostly placed by Cuatrecasas as
Pentacalia Cass. subgen. Microchaete(Benth.) Cuatrec.*
Sample species: M. abietina, M. ledifolia, M. peruviana, M. vaccinioides
Cytology: n = 20 (9 spp. incl. M. abietina, M. ledifolia, M. vaccinioides),40 + /-5
(1 sp.).
Non-scandent shrubs; achenes 5-ribbed; leaf hair types 3b, d, e and vessel dis-
tribution types 06, 04, 02 of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium usually massive, of c.
8-13 rows of cells, and extending upwards along the ribs.
57. Cabreriella Cautrec., Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 19: 15 (1980) (C. sanctae-martae
(Greenm.) Cautrec., Colombia); 2, Colombia.
Sample species: C. sanctae-martae
Cytology: unknown.
Leaves opposite; stigmatic surfaces discrete.
58. Robinsonia DC. in Guill., Arch. Bot. (Paris) 2: 333 (1833) nom. cons. (R.
gayana Decne, Juan Fernandez); 7, Juan Fernandez (Pacheco et al. 1985, Sanders
et al., 1987); incl. RhetinodendronMeisn., Symphyochaeta(DC.) Skottsb.
Sample species: R. gayana
Cytology: n = 20 (2 spp., incl. R. gayana).
Dioecious; vessel distribution types 05, 07 of Jeffrey (1987).
59. Lordhowea B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 38 (1978) (L. insularis (Benth.) B.
Nord., Lord Howe I.); 1, Lord Howe I.
Sample species: L. insularis
*And by Diaz-Piedrahita & Cuatrecasas (1990b).

Cytology: n = 19.
Style-arms with conical-triangular appendage.
A I 1 of Jeffrey (1979).
60. Arrhenechthites Mattf., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 69: 288 (1938) (A. tomentella
Mattf., New Guinea); 6, Sulawesi, New Guinea, NSW, Victoria (Belcher 1956).
Arrhenechthites hydrangeoides C. Jeffreysp. nov. A. haplogynae(F. Muell.)
Mattf. similis sed inter species mihi notas habitu fruticoso 2-5 m alto ei
Hydrangeaehortensissimile, ramis breviter sparsimque pilosis, foliorum petiolo
10 - 22 mm longo, lamina 40 - 80 x 15- 30 mm obovata vel obovato-ellipticabasi
cuneata margine grosse serrata apice obtusa breviter acuminata apiculata supra
ut videtur glabra subtus sparsim breviterque pilosa, capitulis disciformibus
numerosis in cymis copiosis compositis terminalibus dispositis, pedicellis brac-
teolatis bracteolis parvis oblongis, involucro cylindrico 6 mm longo calyculato
calyculi bracteis 1-2 bracteolis similibus, phyllariis 5 oblongis obtusis glabris
apice breviter ciliatis, flosculis 6 quorum 2 externi foeminei exantheriferi et 4
interiores primo adspectu perfecti, corolla flosculorum foemineorum tubulosa
apice breviter interdum irregulariter vel oblique 5-dentata, flosculorum
perfectorum 6 -2 mm longa in dimidio inferiore tubulosa, tubo ut in foemineis
vivide purpureo, limbo profundissime 5-lobato, lobis albis oblongis angustis 2- 2
mm longis, antheris badiis prominente exsertis filamenti collo late balusterformi,
styli ramis brevissimis apice dilatatis breviter papillosis truncatis, acheniis glabris
2 mm longis et pappo albido 4-4-5 mm longo distinguenda. Typus: Indonesia,
Sulawesi, Enrekang District, Latimojong Mts, steep slopes c. 3-5 km E of
Rantemario summit and N of Ninimori, alt. 3200 m, more or less open exposed
situation on gravelly soil amongst boulders, with scattered and stunted Myrtaceae
and Ericaceae,21 Oct. 1969, Sands233 (holotypus K!).
Sample species: A. novoguineensis
Cytology: n = c. 50 (1 sp.).
Capitula heterogamous, disciform; carpopodium massive, of 8-9 rows of cells.
61. Brachionostylum Mattf., Nova Guinea 14: 527 (1932) (B. pulleiMattf. (New
Guinea); 1, New Guinea.
Sample species: D. pullei
Cytology: unknown.
Dioecious; capitula radiate.
62. Dendrosenecio (Haumanex Hedb.) B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 40 (1978) (D.
johnstonii(Oliv.) B. Nord., Tanzania); c. 5, mountains of E tropical Africa, under
revision (Knox).
Sample species: D. johnstonii
Cytology: n = 10 (D. johnstoniz),c. 40 (D. johnstoniz),50 (2 spp. incl. D. johnstonii).
Megaphytic dendrophorbic habit; leaf hair type 3c and vessel distribution types
02, 01 of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium ring-like, of c. 5 rows of cells.
A IX 44 (pro parte) of Jeffrey (1979).

76 KEW VOL.47 (1)
BULLETIN
63. Hoehnephytum Cabrera, Brittonia 7: 53 (1950) (H. trixioides (Gardn.)
Cabrera, Brazil); 3 (one undescribed), Brazil.
Sample species: H. trixioides
Cytology: unknown.
Shrubby leafy herbs; style-arm apices rounded, with short hairs.
The following genera have penicillate-appendaged style arms with longer central
papillae.
64. Graphistylis B. Nord., Bot. Not. 44: 56 (1978) (G. organensis(Casar.) B.

Nord., Brazil); 6, Brazil.
Sample species: G. organensis
Shrubby leafy herbs; leaf hair types 2a, g of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium ring-
like, of c. 5-6 rows of cells.
A V 6 of Jeffrey (1979).
65. Arbelaezaster Cuatrec., Caldasia 15: 1 (1986) (A. ellesworthii (Cuatrec.)

Cuatrec., Colombia); 1, Colombia.
Sample species: A. ellesworthii
Cytology: unknown.
Rhizomatous herb; style-arm appendages vascularized.
66. Garcibarrigoa Cuatrec., Caldasia 15: 6 (1986) (G. telembina (Cuatrec.)

Cuatrec., Colombia); 1, Colombia.
Cytology: unknown.
Hygrophilous herbs; carpopodium reduced.
67. Iocenes B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 58 (1978) (L. acanthifolius (Hombr. &
Jacquin.) B. Nord., Chile); 1, Chile & Argentina.
Sample species: I. acanthifolius
Cytology: n = 20.
Rhizomatous herb; leaves lyrato-pinnately lobed; leaf hair types 2d, f of Jeffrey
(1987); carpopodium ring-like, of c. 5-6 rows of cells.
A IX 32 of Jeffrey (1979).
68. Lasiocephalus Schlechtend., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten

Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 8: 308 (1818) (L. ovatus Schlechtend., Ecuador);
23, Andes (Cuatrecasas 1978); incl. AetheolaenaCass.
Lasiocephalus hypoleucus (Turcz.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Culcitium hypoleucumTurcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 4 (1): 206
(1851). Type: Ecuador, Pichincha, Jameson 611 (holotype ?KW).
Lasiocephalus ledifolius (Kunth) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
CulcitiumledifoliumKunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. Sp. ed. fol. 4: 133 (1818). Type:
Ecuador, Humboldt & Bonpland (?syntypes P).

Sample species: L. loesneri.
Cytology: n = 20 (2 spp., incl. L. loesneri).
Scandent or subscandent shrubs; corolla limb campanulate; leaf hair type 3b and
vessel distribution type 01 of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium broadly ring-like, of
c. 7-8 rows of cells.
II. THE SYNOTOID GROUP
The 'synotoids' of Jeffrey (1979).

A group with a low basic senecionoid chromosome number (x = 10), mostly
shrubby or scandent in habit, stems equally leafy or caulirosulate, and with
usually conspicuously tailed anthers; vessel distribution type 04 of Jeffrey (1987)
common.
69. Faujasiopsis C. Jeffrey gen. nov. HumbertacaliaC. Jeffrey (vide infra) affinis,
a qua habitu interdum erecto, petiolis basi semper exauriculatis, capitulis homo-
gamis vel heterogamis disciformibus ecalyculatis paucis vel numerosis in cymis
corymbiformibus terminalibus dispositis, flosculorum corollis albis vel lilacinis,
styli ramis apice breviter papillosis, antherarum caudis quam collo brevioribus et
acheniorum cellulis superficialibus parietibus verticalibus prominentibus instructis
differt. Typus: F. flexuosa (Lam.) C. Jeffrey. 3, La R6union & Mauritius.
Faujasiopsis boivinii (Klatt) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Senecioboivinii Klatt, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., ser. 5, 18: 275 (1873). Type: Mauritius,
Boivin (holotype GH!, isotypes K!, P!).
Faujasiopsis flexuosa (Lam.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Eupatoriumflexuosum Lam., Encycl. 2: 411 (1786). Type: Mauritius, Commerson
(holotype P-LA).
Senecioflexuosus(Lam.) Less., Syn. Gen. Comp.: 292 (1832).
subsp. bourbonensis C. Jeffrey subsp. nov. a subsp. flexuosa foliorum lamina
comparate breviore latioreque, phyllariis 8 vix 13 et flosculorum corolla interdum
lilacina differt. Typus: La R6union, Takamaka, Richardson & Coode 4101
(holotypus K!, isotypus MAU!).
subsp. erecta C. Jeffrey subsp. nov. a subsp. flexuosa habitu erecto ramis rectis
vix flexuosis, foliorum lamina venis subtus magis prominentibus et flosculorum
corolla pallide roseis differt. Typus: Mauritius, Petrin Nature Reserve, Lorence
2610 (holotypus K!).
Faujasiopsis reticulata (Vahl) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Cacalia reticulataVahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 91 (1794). Type: Mauritius, Commerson
(holotype C, isotype P!).
Faujasia reticulata(Vahl) Bak., Fl. Maurit. Seych.: 175 (1877).
Sample species: F. boivinii, F. flexuosa, F. reticulata
Cytology: n = 10 (F. flexuosa).
Leaves exauriculate, broad, glabrous; corollas white or lilac; vessel distribution
type 02 ofJeffrey (1987); carpopodium ring-like to massive, of 4-6 rows of cells.

70. Faujasia Cass., Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1819: 20 (1819) (F. pinifolia Cass.,
La R6union); 5, La Reunion.
Bentham (1873) failed to interpret the pappus character employed by Cassini
as a defining feature of Faujasia, and in this he was followed by Baker (1877) and
Cordemoy (1895). As a result, not only were extraneous elements included in the
genus (here segregated as Faujasiopsis and Parafaujasia), but several species
properly to be referred to Faujasia were maintained under Senecio. Bentham
wrongly took heterogamy of the capitula (presence of outer pistillate tubular
florets) as a definitive feature of Faujasia whereas the heads can be homogamous,
or heterogamous and disciform or radiate; the definitive features are the regularly
and rigidly branching terminal corymbiform cymes, the stiff peduncles bearing
numerous subulate bracteoles along their lengths, the narrow stiff phyllaries, the
basally flattened but otherwise variable pappussetae, and the indistinct carpo-
podium of the achene.
Faujasia salicifolia (Pers.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio salicifolia Pers., Syn. P1. 2: 430 (1807). Type: La Reunion, Commerson
(holotype P-J 8956, isotypes K!, P!).
Faujasia squamosa (Bory) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Conyza squamosa Bory, Voy. Iles Afriques 3: 110 (1804). Type: La Reunion,
Piton des Neiges, Bory (isotype G-DC).
Senecio squamosus(Bory) DC., Prodr. 6: 326 (1838) nom. illegit., non Thunb.
(1800). Type as above.
Faujasia cadetiana C. Jeffreysp. nov. F. squamosae(Bory) C. Jeffrey affinis, a qua
foliorum lamina minore anguste oblonga vel anguste oblanceolata basin versus
interdum margine minute appendiculata 27- 4 -9 cm longa 0 - 3 -05 cm lata
apicem versus serrata apice acuta vel subacuta, flosculis radii 8 vix 13 corolla bila-
biata labia externa radianti 2 - 5 mm longa et labia interna angustiore brevioreque
instructa, corollae tubo flosculorum radii glabro vix glanduloso-puberulo et pappi
setis brevioribus 4-5 mm longis distincta. Typus: La Reunion, Enclos Fonqub,
Cadet 2908 (holotypus REU!).
Faujasia gracilis C. Jeffrey sp. nov. F. pinifoliae Cass. valde similis, a qua ramulis
tenuis flexuosis vix rigidis, foliorum lamina interdum apicem versus paucidentata
vix integra 18 mm longa et flosculorum corolla longiore 4 -9 (in illa 4 - 4 3) mm
longa distincta. Typus: La R6union, Planeze de Grand B nard, Hautes de Petite
France, Cadet 4465 (holotypus K!, isotypus P!).
Sample species: F. pinifolia, F. salicifolia, F. squamosa, Seneciolamarkianus
Cytology: unknown.
Peduncles rigid, multibracteate; corollas yellow or yellowish white; anthers tailed;
pappus setae basally flattened; achenes with transverse and horizontal radial cell
walls strongly prominent at the surface; carpopodium of 2-6 rows of cells,
narrowly ring-like, indistinct.
The achenial features are shared by Senecio lamarkianusBullock, which lacks
however the pappus features and tailed anthers of the remaining species, and
which is therefore retained for the present provisionally in Senecio;this species has

71. Parafaujasia C. Jeffrey gen. nov. EriotricheCass. affinis et foliis linearibus
uninervatis confertis similis, sed foliis patentibus, capitulis homogamis discoideis
pedunculatis numerosis in thyrsis terminalibus pyramidalibus dispositis et pappi
setis rectis basi liberis, vix flexuosis intertextis, differt. Typus: P. mauritianaC.
Jeffrey. 2, Mauritius & La Reunion.
Parafaujasia fontinalis (Cordem.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Faujasiafontinalis Cordem., Fl. Reunion: 544 (1895). Type: La Reunion, Plaine
des Palmistes, Cordemoy(holotype MARS!, isotype K!).
Parafaujasia mauritiana C. Jeffrey sp. nov. P. fontinalis (Cordem.) C. Jeffrey

affinis, a qua inflorescentiis densioribus, pedunculis sat robustis rigidioribus
ascendentibus vix patentibus et phyllariis longioribus 4-5 mm (in illa 3 mm)
differt. Typus: Mauritius, Petrin Nature Reserve, Lorence 1208 (holotypus
MAU!, isotypi MAU!).
Specimens of this Mauritian endemic were wrongly referred by Baker (1877)
to Faujasia pinifolia Cass.
Sample species: P. fonltinalis, P. mauritiana

Cytology: unknown.
Leaves narrow, 1-veined, spreading; capitula thyrsoid.
Shares with the following the long, narrow achenial surface cells with prominent
radial longitudinal walls and the narrow achene base with obscure carpopodium.
72. Eriotrix Cass., Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris 1817: 32 (1817) (E. juniperifolia
Cass., La R6union); 2, La R6union.
Sample species: E. lycopodioides
Cytology: unknown.
Leaves narrow, 1-veined, stiff, ascending; pappus setae flexuous; carpopodium
obscure.
73. Hubertia Bory, Voy. Iles Afriques 1: 334, t. 14 (1804) (H. ambavilla Bory,
La Reunion); c. 25, Madagascar, Comores & La R6union.
Differing from Senecio by the combination of generally shrubby habit, tailed
anthers, cylindrical or weakly balusterform anther-collars, rounded to truncate
style-arms fringed with only very short papillae, broad and merely cleft or con-
tiguous stigmatic surfaces of the style-arms, and prominent carpopodium of 5 - 13
rows of cells, Hubertiais endemic to La Reunion, Comores and Madagascar, and
includes the species referred to Seneciogroups I, II and VI by Humbert (1963).
It consists of the following species:
Hubertia adenodonta (DC.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

SenecioadenodontusDC., Prodr. 6: 378 (1838). Type: Madagascar, Bojer(holotype
G - DC).
Hubertia alleizettii (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Seneciomyricifolius(Boj. ex DC.) Humb. var. alleizettii Humb., M~m. Soc. Linn.
Normandie 25: 131 (1923). Type: Madagascar, d'Alleizette904 (holotype P).

80 47 (1)
KEW BULLETIN VOL.
HubertiaambavillaBory, Voy. Iles Afriques 1: 334 & Atlas t. 14 fig. 1 (1804).
Type: La Reunion, Plaine des Chicots, Bory(isotype G-DC).
var. taxifolius (Pers.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio taxifolius Poir., Encycl. Suppl. 5: 133 (1817). Type: La Reunion (not
traced).
Hubertia andringitrensis (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioandringitrensisHumb., M6m. Soc. Linn. Normandie 25: 303 (1923). Type:
Madagascar, Perrierde la Bathie 2784 (syntype P), 13687 (syntype P, isosyntype
K!).
Hubertia bathiaei (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciobathiaeiHumb., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 16 (3): 325 (1960). Type: Madagascar,
Perrierde la Bathie 16404 (syntype P).
Hubertia beguei (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciobeguei Humb., Adansonia (nouv. ser.) 2: 89 (1962). Type: Madagascar,
ServiceForestier19120 (holotype P).
Hubertia faujasioides (Bak.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciofaujasioidesBak., J. Bot. 20: 170 (1882). Type: Madagascar, Baron226
(holotype K!).
Hubertia foliatilis (S. Moore) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciofoliatilis S. Moore, J. Bot. 44: 147 (1906). Type: Comoro Is., Humblot 256
(holotype BM!, isotype K!).
Hubertia heimii (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecioheimii Humb., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 8 (1): 21 (1939). Type: Madagascar,
Heim (holotype P).
Hubertia humblotii (Klatt) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio humblotii Klatt, Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 7: 299 (1892). Type:
Comoro Is., Humblot202 (holotype ?GH, isotypes BM!, K!).
Hubertia hypargyrea (DC.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciohypargyreus
DC., Prodr. 6: 379 (1838). Type: Madagascar, Bojer(holotype
G - DC).
Hubertia ivohibeensis (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio ivohibeensisHumb., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 8 (1): 15 (1939). Type: Mada-
gascar, Humbert 3247 (holotype P).
Hubertia lampsanifolia (Bak.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciolampsanifoliusBak., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 25: 330 (1890). Type: Madagascar,
Baron3394 (holotype K!).
Hubertia leucanthothamnus (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio leucanthothanmusHumb., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 77: 691 (1930). Type:
Madagascar, Humbert6158, 6445, 6626, 6945 (syntypes P).
Hubertia multifoliosa (Klatt) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio
multifoliosusKlatt, Ann. Sc. Nat. Bot. ser. 5, 18: 475 (1873). Type: La

Reunion, Plaine des Palmistes, Richard (holotype GH!, isotype P!).
Faujasia ambavilloidesCordem., Fl. Reunion: 545 (1895). Type: La Reunion,
St Benoit, Grand Fond, Cordemoy(syntypes MARS!).
Hubertia myricifolia (Boj. ex DC.) C. Jeffrey comb nov.
Mikania myricifoliaBoj. ex DC., Prodr. 5: 188 (1836). Type: Madagascar, Bojer
(holotype G-DC).
Hubertia myrtifolia (Klatt) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciomyrtifoliusKlatt, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 12, Beibl. 27: 27 (1890). Type: Mada-
gascar, Hildebrandt3618 (holotype ?Bt).
Hubertia neoheimii (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio neoheimii Humb., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 15 (3): 258 (1958). Type: Mada-
gascar, Heim (holotype P).
Hubertia olivacea (Klatt) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio olivaceus Klatt, Ann. K.K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 7: 299 (1892). Type:
Madagascar, Hildebrandt3907 (isotype K!).
Hubertia pleiantha (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecioalleizettii Humb. subsp. pleianthusHumb., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 15 (4): 370
(1959). Type: Madagascar, Humbert 13651 (holotype P).
Hubertia rosellata (Boj. ex DC.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciorosellatusBoj. ex DC., Prodr. 6: 377 (1838). Type: Madagascar, icon ined.
a cl. Bojero in loc. nat. picta (holotype G-DC).
Hubertia riparia (DC.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio riparius DC., Prodr. 6: 377 (1836). Type: Madagascar, Bojer (holotype
G - DC).
HubertiatomentosaBory, Voy. 1: 355 & Atlas, t. 14 bis (1804). Type: La Reunion,
Plaine des Chicots, Bory (isotype G-DC).
var. conyzoides C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Hubertia Bory, Voy. Iles Afriques2: 383 (1804). Type: La Reunion,
conyzoides
Plaine des Cafres, Bory (isotype G-DC).
Senecio daphnoides Poir., Encycl. Suppl. 5: 132 (1817). Type: La Reunion,
Commerson
(holotype P- LA).
Hubertia tsimihety (Humb.)C. Jeffreycomb. nov.
Senecio Humb., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 15 (4): 375 (1959). Type: Mada-
tsimihety
gascar, Humbert 24771 (holotype P).
Sample species: H. ambavilla, H. faujasioides, H. hypargyrea,H. lampsanifolia, H.
H. riparia
myricifolia,
Cytology: unknown.
Shrubby or lianescent, rarely herbs; leaf hair type 3b of Jeffrey (1987); carpo-
podium massive to ring-like, of 7 or more rows of cells, sometimes slightly
extending up the ribs. C XVI 59 & 60 of Jeffrey (1979).
74. Synotis (C. B. CI.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, Kew Bull. 39: 285 (1984) (S.

82 KEWBULLETINVOL. 47 (1)
wallichii (DC.) C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen, Himalaya); 50, Sinohimalayan region
(Jeffrey & Chen 1984, E Asia; Koyama 1988, Thailand).
SynotisglomerataC. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen (1984).
SenecioglomeratusJ. F. Jeffrey, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 9: 126 (1916)
non Desf. ex Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Suppl. 5: 130 (1817).
lished by Jeffrey & Chen.
Sample species: S. acuminata, S. alata, S. densiflora, S. wallichii

Cytology: n = 10 (1 sp.), 18 (1 sp.), 20 (2 spp., incl. S. alata).
Shrubby herbs, caulirosulate or with leafy stems; leaf hair types 2g, b, c, a, 3a,
b and vessel distribution type 04 of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium ring-like, of c.
5 rows of cells.
A II 2 (pro parte) of Jeffrey (1979).
75. Cissampelopsis (DC.) Miq., Fl. Ned. Ind. 2: 102 (1856) (C. volubilis (Bl.)
Miq., Java); 10, Indomalesia (Jeffrey & Chen 1984, E Asia; Koyama 1988,
Thailand).
Sample species: C. volubilis
Cytology: unknown.
Scandent; leaves exauriculate, with prehensile petioles; capitula radiate or discoid;
leaf hair types 2h, 3a, d and vessel distribution type 04 of Jeffrey (1987); carpo-
podium ring-like, of c.5 rows of cells.
76. Mikaniopsis Milne-Redh. in Exell, Suppl. Cat. Vasc. Pl. S. Thomr; 27 (1956)
(M. vitalba (S Moore) Milne-Redh., Uganda); 14, tropical & S Africa (effrey
1986, E Africa, Lisowski 1991a, C Africa).
Sample species: M. vitalba
Cytology: unknown.
Scandent; leaves exauriculate, with prehensile petioles; capitula disciform.
77. Austrosynotis C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 41: 828 (1986). (A. rectirama(Bak.) C.
Jeffrey, Malawi); 1, Tanzania & Malawi.
Sample species: A. rectirama
Cytology: unknown.
Scandent; leaves auriculate, with prehensile petioles; capitula radiate; leaf hair
types 2g, 3d, g of Jeffrey (1987).
A II (pro parte) of Jeffrey (1979).
78. Humbertacalia C. Jeffrey gen. nov. habitu scandenti suffrutescenti, foliis

alternis petiolatis, capitulis discoideis corollis albis vel subluteis et antheris basi
caudis longis rigidis instructis Mikaniopsidi Milne-Redh. affinis, a qua petiolis vix
prehensilis basi interdum auriculatis, capitulis homogamis minoribus numero-
sioribus in corymbis vel thyrsis paniculiformibus dispositis et ramis styli apice
papillis brevibus vel longis et interdum penicillo centrali elongato instructis
differt. Typus H. tomentosa(Lam.) C. Jeffrey. 8, Madagascar and La Reunion.

This genus corresponds to Seneciogroup XIII of Humbert (1963).
Humbertacalia amplexifolia (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioamplexifoliusHumb., Mem. Soc. Linn. Normandie 25: 203 (1923). Type:
Madagascar, Perrierde la Bathie 2809 (holotype P).
Humbertacalia coursii (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio coursii Humb., Mem. Inst. Sc. Madagascar S&r. B, Biol. V6g. 6: 195
(1955). Type: Madagascar, Humbert 22144, 24660, Perrierde la Bathie 18123,
Heim (syntypes P).
Humbertacalia leucopappa (Boj. ex DC.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioleucopappusBoj. ex DC., Prodr. 6: 331 (1838). Type: Madagascar, Bojer
(holotype G-DC).
Humbertacalia neoalleizettii (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioneoalleizettiiHumb., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 15 (3): 374 (1959). Type: Mada-
gascar, Humbert 18479 (holotype P!).
Humbertacalia pyrifolia (DC.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Mikania pyrifolia DC., Prodr. 5: 195 (1836). Type: Madagascar, Bojer (holotype
G - DC).
Senecio curvatus Bak., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 190 (1883). Type: Madagascar,
Baron (holotype K!).
Humbertacalia racemosa (DC.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Cacalia racemosaDC., Prodr. 6: 330 (1838). Type: Madagascar, Bojer (holotype
G - DC).
SenecioexsertusSch. Bip., Flora 28: 499 (1845). Type as above.
Humbertacalia tomentosa (Lam.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Eupatorium tomentosumLam., Encycl. 2: 410 (1788). Type: La Reunion, Com-
merson(syntypes P-LA, isosyntypes P!).
Cacalia penicillata Cass., Dict. Sc. Nat. 48: 460 (1827). Type as above.
Seneciopenicillatus (Cass.) Sch. Bip., Flora 28: 449 (1845).
Senecio tomentosus(Lam.) Cordem., Fl. Reunion: 543 (1895) nom. illegit., non
Clairv. (1811).
Humbertacalia voluta (Bak.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Vernoniavoluta Bak., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 21: 415 (1886). Type: Madagascar,
Baron 2375 (holotype K!).
Sample species: H. leucopappa,H. pyrifolia, H. tomentosa

Cytology: unknown.
Scandent; capitula discoid; corollas small, white; carpopodium massive to ring-
like, of 5-8 rows of cells.
79. Delairea Lem., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. S~r. 3, 1: 329 (1844) (D. odorataLem.,
cult.); 1, South Africa.
Sample species: D. odorata

Cytology: n = 10.
Scandent, succulent; leaf hair type 2b and vessel distribution type 04 of Jeffrey
(1987); carpopodium ring-like to massive, of 5- 10 rows of cells.
III. THE SENECIONOID GROUP
The 'eusenecionoids' ofJeffrey (1979) plus the 'palustres' (except for Packera),the
'austroamericanae' in greater part, the 'gynuroids' and the 'othonnoids'. Shrubby
to perennial or annual herbs with generally fistulose receptacles.
80. Hasteola Raf., New Fl. 4: 79 (1837) (H. suaveolens (Raf.) Pojarkova,
Virginia); 1, E U.S.A.; syn. Synosma Raf. ex Britton & Brown.
Sample species: H. suaveolens
Cytology: n = 18, 20.
Rhizomatous herbs, lower leaves long-petiolate, lamina hastate; capitula discoid;
corollas white, with narrow lobes; leaf hair type 2b of Jeffrey (1987).
81. Senecio L., Sp. PI.: 866 (1753) & Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 373 (1754) (S. vulgaris
L., Europe); 1240, some 110 more of indetermined status, cosmopolitan except
Antarctica and humid lowland tropics; revision needed (Alexander 1979; Barkley
1989, 1990-Mexico; Barkley in Rogerson 1978-N America, in Woodson
1975-Panama; Belcher 1956- Australasia; Cabrera 1939-Argentina, 1949-
Chile, 1957-Brazil, Paraguay & Uruguay, 1985-Bolivia; Cabrera & Zardini
1980-Argentina; Chater & Walters in Tutin et al. 1975-Europe; Espinar 1976
-Argentina; Greenman 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918-Mexico & C. America; Herborg
1987-Europe; Hilliard 1977-Natal; Humbert 1963-Madagascar & Comores;
Jeffrey 1986-E Africa; Jeffrey & Chen 1984-E Asia; Kadereit 1984; Koyama
1988 - Thailand; Korobkov & Yurtsev in Yurtsev 1987 - Soviet Arctic; Matthews
in Davis 1975 - Turkey; Merxmfiller 1961 - Namibia; Moscoso 1943 - Dominican
Republic; Nordenstam in Rechinger 1989-SW Asia; Schischkin in Komarov
1961 - U.S.S.R.; Wagenitz in Hegi 1987 - Europe; Webb in Webb et al. 1988 -
New Zealand); incl. Culcitium Humb. & Bonpl., DorobaeaCass.
A. subgen. 'Crociseris'
Perennial herbs usually without interfascicular cambium, and usually with
undivided leaves, often subscapigerous habit with the leaves largest at the base
of the stem, and distinct ring-like carpopodium of c. 5 rows of cells. Affinity
perhaps with the neotropical group; genera 80 and 106-110 may be allied.
a. sect. Adamantina Cabr.

Sample species: S. adamantinus
Cytology: n = 50 (S. adamantinus).
Xylopodial herbs; leaves sessile, basally semiamplexicaul; carpopodium ring-like,
of 5 rows of cells.

b. sect. Cacaliastrum Cabr.
Sample species: S. almasensis, S. grandis
Cytology: unknown.
Robust herbs; leaves with winged or auriculate petiole; corolla limb deeply lobed;
carpopodium ring-like, of 5 rows of cells.
c. sect. Paranaia Cabr.

Sample species: S. paranensis
Cytology: n = 45-50 (1 sp.), 50 (1 sp.).
Robust herbs; leaves petiolate, petiole basally auriculate; corolla limb shortly
lobed; leaf hair types 2d, g of Jeffrey (1987).
d. sect. Otites Cabr.

Sample species: S. otites
Leafy-stemmed herbs; leaves petiolate, petiole basally auriculate; leaf hair type
2d of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium ring-like, of 5-6 rows of cells.
e. sect. Corymbosi Cabr. subsect. Amplectentes Cabr.

Sample species: S. hieracium
Cytology: unknown.
Perennial leafy-stemmed herbs or subshrubs; upper leaves semiamplexicaul;
carpopodium irregularly ring-like, of 6 rows of cells.
f. sect. Plantaginei Harv.

Sample species: S. adscendens,S. andohahelensis,S. bupleuroides,S. cochlearifolius,S.
denisii, S. gossypinus, S. karaguensis,S. lasiorhizus, S. latifolius,. S. longiscaposus,S.
pandurifolius, S. perrieri, S. vaigaindrani
Cytology: n = 10 (2 spp.), 20 (S. bupleuroides),21 (1 sp.).
Perennial rhizomatous herbs, subscapigerous or with leafy stems; leaves un-
divided; leaf hair types 2c, d, e, g, 3a, d and vessel distribution types 06, 02 of
Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium ring-like, of 3-9 rows of cells.
g. sect. Extremiorientales Schischk.

Sample species: S. palmatus
Cytology: n = 20 (S. palmatus).
Perennial herbs with leafy stems; leaves shortly petiolate, auriculate; leaf hair
type 2d and vessel distribution type 04 of Jeffrey (1987).
h. sect. 'Triangulares'
Sample species: S. eremophilus,S. triangularis
Cytology: n = 10 (S. triangularis), 18 (S. eremophilus),20 (3 spp. incl. S. eremophilus
& S. triangularis), 22 (S. eremophilus),40 (S. triangularis).

Perennial herbs with leafy stems; leaf hair types 2b, c, d of Jeffrey (1987).
A IX 25 (pro parte) & A IX 47 (pro parte) of Jeffrey (1979).
i. sect. Crociseris (Reichenb.) Hall. & Wohlf.

Sample species: S. doria, S. doriiformis,S. doronicum,S. racemosus,S. orientalis, S.
paludosus, S. pyrenaicus
Cytology: n = 20 (6 spp., incl. S. doria, S. pyrenaicus,S. racemosus,S. orientalis, S.
doronicum),30 (S. orientalis), 40 (S. doronicum),60 (2 sp., incl. S. doronicum).
Perennial subscapigerous rhizomatous herbs; leaves undivided; leaf hair types
2b, e, a, g, 3f of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium ring-like, of c. 5 rows of cells.
j. sect. Amplectentes Greenm.

Sample species: S. pudicus
Cytology: n = 20 (2 sp.), c. 90 (1 sp.).
Perennial subscapigerous herbs; upper leaves semiamplexicaul; capitula nodding.
k. sect. 'Lugentes'
Sample species: S. toluccanus
Cytology: n = 20 (10 spp. incl. S. toluccanus), 30 (1 sp.), 40 (1 sp.).
Perennial subscapigerous rhizomatous herbs; carpopodium ring-like, of 5 rows of
cells.
1. sect. Mulgediifolii Greenm.

Sample species: S. callosus, S. decorus
Cytology: n = 20 (4 spp., incl. S. decorus).
Perennial herbs; capitula discoid, nodding; corollas white or purple, rarely
yellow; carpopodium ring-like, of 5-6 rows of cells.
m. sect. Hualtatini (DC.) Bak.

Sample species: S. fistulosus, S. hualtata, S. pulcher
Cytology: n = 20 (4 spp., incl. S. hualtata), 40 (S. pulcher).
Robust perennial herbs with fistulose stems; basal leaves petiolate; carpopodium
ring-like, of 7 rows of cells.
n. sect. Haplostichia (Phil.) Cabr.

Sample species: S. arnicoides, S. zosterifolius
Perennial rhizomatous subscapigerous herbs; rays white; carpopodium massive,
of 7 rows of cells.
B. subgen. 'Jacobaea'
Shrubs, perennial, biennial or annual herbs with interfascicular cambium,

equally leafy stems and ring-like carpopodia of c. 5 rows of cells; leaf hair types
2g and 3d and vessel distribution type 04 characteristic. Affinity perhaps with the
synotoid group of genera; genus 88 may be allied.
a. sect. Microlobi Harv.

Sample species: S. oliganthus, S. lineatus
Cytology: unknown.
Subshrubs; leaves sessile, entire or dentate, tomentose; leaf hair type 3d and
vessel distribution types 04, 02 of Jeffrey (1987).
b. sect. Leptolobi (DC.) Harv. p. p.

Sample species: S. achilleifolius, S. bipinnatus
Cytology: unknown.
Subshrubs; leaves pinnatipartite or bipinnatipartite; leaf hair type 3b and vessel
c. sect. incert.
Sample species: S. abrotanifolius,S. adonidifolius
Cytology: n = 20 (S. abrotanifolius,S. adonidifolius), 20 (S. abrotanifolius), 50 (S.
abrotanifolius).
Leaf hair type 2a and vessel distribution types 05, 02 of Jeffrey (1987).
d. sect. Pinifolii (DC.) Harv.

Sample species: S. pinifolius, S. triqueter
Cytology: unknown.
Glabrous rigid shrubs; leaves pungent; vessel distribution type 02 ofJeffrey (1987).
e. sect. Aphylli Harv.

Sample species: S. junceus
Cytology: unknown.
Succulent herbs with leafless virgate stems.
f. sect. Bethencourtii DC.

Sample species: S. palmensis
Cytology: n = 10 (S. palmensis).
Shrubs; leaves pinnately lobed or divided; pappus caducous; vessel distribution
type 04 of Jeffrey (1987).
g. sect. Jacobaea (Mill.) Dumort.

Perennial herbs with leafy stems; leaves often basally auriculate; achene surface
cells not papillose, with thin cuticles.

(i) ser. Densiserrati C. Jeffrey & Y L. Chen
Sample species: S. densiserratus
Cytology: unknown.
Leaves unlobed, narrowly lanceolate.
(ii) ser. Nemorenses Gagnidze

Sample species: S. morrisonensis
Cytology: n = 18 (S. nemorensis),20 (7 spp., incl. S. morrisonensis,S. nemorensis).
Leaves unlobed or pinnately lobed; roots tomentose; leaf hair types 2g, d, a and
A IX 13 (pro parte) & A IX 46 pro parte of Jeffrey (1979).
(iii) ser. Coriaceisquami C. Jeffrey & Y L. Chen

Sample species: S. coriaceisquamus
Cytology: unknown.
Leaves deltoid, phyllaries coriaceous; capitula nodding.
(iiii) ser. Stenoglossi C. Jeffrey & Y L. Chen

Sample species: S. arachnanthus
Cytology: unknown.
Leaves deltoid; rays narrow; leaf hair type 2d of Jeffrey (1987).
(v) ser. Cernui C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen

Sample species: S. drukensis
Cytology: unknown.
Capitula radiate, nodding; corolla-lobes with dark apices.
(vi) ser. Monticolae C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chenr
Sample species: S. thianshanicus
Cytology: unknown.
Dwarf rhizomatous herbs.
(vii) ser. Purpureolobati C. Jeffrey & Y L. Chen

Sample species: S. saussureoides
Cytology: unknown.
Capitula discoid, nodding; corolla-lobes with dark apices.
(viii) ser. Malacophylli C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen

Sample species: S. faberi
Cytology: unknown.
Robust herbs; leaves lyrato-pinnately lobed; phyllaries herbaceous; leaf hair type
2d of Jeffrey (1987).
(ix) ser. Subscaposi C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen

Sample species: S. obtusatus
Cytology: unknown.
Perennial herbs, subscapigerous.
A IX 24 (pro parte) ofJeffrey (1979).

(x) ser. Asperifolii C. Jeffrey & Y L. Chen
Sample species: S. asperifolius
Cytology: unknown.
Rhizomatous perennials; leaves sessile, exauriculate, asperulous beneath.
(xi) ser. Erucifolii (Rouy) Schischk.

Sample species: S. auricula, S. erucifolius,S. jacobaea, S. laetus, S. othonnae,S. renardii
Cytology: n = 10 (2 spp., incl. S. jacobaea), 16 (S. jacobaea), 20 (11 spp., incl. S.
auricula, S. erucifolius, S. jacobaea, S. laetus), 40 (2 spp., incl. S. jacobaea).
Perennial or biennial herbs, subglabrous to floccose; leaves more or less pin-
natifid; leaf hair types 2d, g, and vessel distribution type 04 of Jeffrey (1987).
A IX 14, A IX 16 (pro parte) & A IX 46 (pro parte) of Jeffrey (1979).
(xii) ser. Arnicoidei Schischk. ex C. Jeffrey & Y L. Chen

Sample species: S. pseudoarnica
Cytology: n = 18 (S. pseudoarnica),20 (S. pseudoarnica).
Perennial herbs; stems fistulose, leafy; leaves sessile, semiamplexicaul; leaf hair
type 2d of Jeffrey (1987).
(xiii) ser. Incani (DC.) 0. Hoffm.

Sample species: S. ambiguus, S. cineraria,S. gnaphalodes,S. incanus, S. leucophyllus,
S. trapezuntinus
Cytology: n = 20 (7 spp., incl., S. cineraria, S. incanus, S. leucophyllus,S. trapez-
untinus), 60 (2 spp., incl. S. incanus), ? 80 (S. incanus).
Small subshrubs or perennial herbs; leaves tomentose, more or less divided; leaf
hair types 2a, 3d, e, a and vessel distribution type 04 of Jeffrey (1987).
A IX 15 & A IX 16 (pro parte) of Jeffrey (1979).
h. sect. Pseudojacobaea Hook. f.

Samples species: S. griffithii, S. lavandulifolius, S. neelgherryanus
Cytology: n = 10 (S. lavandulifolius), 20 (S. neelgherryanus).
Rather woody perennial herbs, capitula prominently calyculate; leaf hair type 3d
of Jeffrey (1987).
i. sect. Madaractis (DC.) Hook. f.

Sample species: S. edgeworthii,S. grahamii, S. saxatilis
Cytology: n = 10 (S. grahamii, S. saxatilis), 20 (1 sp.).
Pappus short, rigid; ray-florets epappose; leaf hair types 2b, d, g, 3d and vessel
A IX 34 & 35 Jeffrey (1979).
C. subgen. Senecio
Shrubs, perennial, biennial or annual herbs, usually with interfascicular
cambium and leafy stems, rarely subscapigerous herbs, carpopodium ring-like to
obscure, of usually 5 or fewer rows of cells; leaf hair types 2a, g and vessel
distribution types 06, 02, 03 characteristic. Affinity perhaps with the neo-tropical

90 KEWBULLETIN
VOL. 47 (1)
group of genera; genera 82-87 may be allied.
a. sect. 'Culcitium'
(i) ser. Culcitium (Humb. & Bonpl.) Cuatrec.

Sample species: S. comosus, S. canescens
Cytology: n = 20 (2 spp., incl. S. canescens), 40 (1 sp.).
Rhizomatous subscapigerous herbs; leaves with sheathing bases, densely tomen-
tose; capitula discoid, nodding; leaf hair type 3e of Jeffrey (1987)
(ii) ser. Crassicephali Cabr.
Sample species: S. burkartii,S. hypsobates
Cytology: n = 20 (1 sp.), c. 20 (1 sp.), 40 (1 sp.), C. 40 (1 sp.).
Rhizomatous herbs; leaves petiolate or pseudopetiolate, glandular or glabrous;
capitula nodding.
(iii) ser. 'Latiflorus'
Sample species: S. latiflorus
Cytology: unknown.
Like ser. Culcitium, but leaves adpressed-lanate and capitula radiate.
(iiii) ser. 'Culcitiopsis'

Sample species: S. culcitioides
Cytology: n = 20 (S. culcitioides), c. 20 (1 sp.).
Like ser. Culcitium, but leaves green above, phyllaries glabrous or subglabrous
and capitula radiate or discoid.
b. sect. Columbaria Cabr.

Sample species: S. calocephalus
Cytology: n = 52 (S. calocephalus).
Rhizomatous perennial subscapigerous herbs; rhizome slender; leaves pinnately
lobed; leaf hair type 3a of Jeffrey (1987).
c. sect. 'Dorobaea'
Sample species: S. pimpinellifolius
Cytology: n = c. 50 (S. pimpinellifolius).
Perennial subscapigerous herbs; leaves pinnately lobed; corolla lobes long; style-
arm apices convex, penicillate; leaf hair type 2d of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium
ring-like, of 5-7 rows of cells.
d. sect. Graveolentes Cabr.

Sample species: S. nutans
Cytology: unknown.
Low shrubs; capitula solitary at apices of short shoots, discoid, nodding; carpo-
podium ring-like, of c. 6-8 rows of cells.

e. sect. Xerosenecio Cabr.
Sample species: S. filaginoides, S. darwinii, S. patagonicus, S. vira-vira
Cytology: n = 20 (2 spp.), 40 (2 spp., incl. S. patagonicus).
Shrubs or subshrubs; leaves linear to oblanceolate, entire to pinnatisect; capitula
mostly discoid, in terminal cymes; leaf hair types 2g, 3a, b, c, d and vessel
distribution types 02, 10 of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium obscure; achene surface
cells at least sometimes papillose.
f. sect. Corymbosi Cabr. p. p.

Sample species: S. adenotrichius,S. anthemidiphyllus,S. brunonianus,S. conyzifolius,
S. glabratus, S. grisebachii
Cytology: n = 20 (4 spp. incl. S. grisebachii), c. 20 (1 sp.).
Shrubs or leafy-stemmed herbs; leaves linear to lanceolate or pinnatisect; capitula
mostly radiate, in corymbiform cymes; hair type 2d and vessel distribution type
04 of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium ring-like to obscure, of 6 or fewer rows of cells.
A IX 26 (pro parte), A IX 31 of Jeffrey (1979).
g. sect. Leucanthemifolium Cabr.

Sample species: S. S.
monttianus, wedermannii
Shrubs or subshrubs; stems leafy up to capitula; capitula discoid, few to many,
in terminal corymbiform cymes; carpopodium apparently narrowly ring-like to
obscure.
h. sect. Suffrutecius Cabr.

Sample species: S. chilensis, S. humillimus, S. jarae, S. polyphyllus,S. tricuspidatus,S.
volkmannii
Cytology: n = 20 (9 spp., incl. S. chilensis), 40 (2 spp.), 60 (1 sp.).
Low subshrubs, rarely herbs; leaves sessile, linear to spathulate, pseudopetiolate,
mostly entire or dentate; capitula long-pedunculate, solitary or in few-flowered
cymes: leaf hair types 2b, 3e, a, d and vessel distribution types 04, 10, 02 of
Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium ring-like to obscure, of 5 or fewer rows of cells.
i. sect. 'Wernerioides'
Sample species: S. breviscapus
Cytology: unknown.
Perennial rhizomatous subacaulescent herbs; capitula solitary; carpopodium
obscure.
j. sect. Chenopodioides Cabr.

Sample species: S. dryophyllus
Cytology: n = 20 (S. dryophyllus).
Glabrous subshrubs or herbs; leaves thick, ovate, dentate or lobed; capitula
discoid; phyllaries partly connate or free; carpopodium obscure.

k. sect. Metazanthus (Meyen.) Cabr.

Sample species: S. subdiscoideus
Cytology: unknown.
Perennial rhizomatous herbs; capitula disciform, marginal flowers female with
very shortly filiform corollas; leaf hair type 2g of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium
apparently obscure.
1. sect. Brachypappus (Sch. Bip.) Benth. ex Cabr.

Sample species: S. candicans
Cytology: n = 20 (2 spp. incl. S. candicans), 40 (1 sp.).
Perennial rhizomatous herbs; leaves vaginate at base; capitula discoid; carpo-
podium obscure.
m. sect. Websteria Cabr.
Sample species: S. websteri
Cytology: n = 20 (S. websterz).
Perennial rhizomatous herbs; leaves petiolate, reniform; capitula radiate, in
corymbiform cymes; leaf hair type 2g of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium narrow,
ring-like.
n. sect. Andina Cabr.

Sample species: S. eriophyton,S. santelicis
Cytology: unknown.
Small shrubs; leaves acutely spinuloso-dentate; capitula terminal, 1-3, shortly
radiate; carpopodium narrowly ring-like to obscure.
o. sect. Oreophyton Cabr.

Sample species: S. oreophyton,S. subulatus
Cytology: unknown.
Shrubs; leaves acutely lobed or divided; capitula disciform, rarely ligulate; carpo-
podium obscure; achene surface cells at least sometimes papillose.
p. sect. Suffruticosi Greenm.(incl. sect. Fruticosi Greenm. p. p.)

Sample species: S. durangensis,S. flaccidus, S. palmeri
Cytology: n = 10 (S. flaccidus), 20 (6 spp., incl. S. flaccidus).
Shrubs or subshrubs; leaves linear to deeply pinnatipartite; leaf hair types 2a, d,
g, 3d and vessel distribution types 04, 05 of Jeffrey (1987); achene surface cells
sometimes papillose.
q. sect. Tomentecio Cabr.

Sample species: S. dumetorum

Cytology: unknown.
Leaf hair type 2g and vessel distribution type 04 of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium
obscure; achene surface cells papillose.
r. sect. Senecio (incl. ser. Lanati (Muschl.) C. Jeffrey, ser. Sinuosi (Harv.)
C. Jeffrey (incl. sects. Rigidi (DC.) Harv., Leptolobi(DC.) Harv. & Lepto-
phylli Harv. p. maj. p.) et spp. aff., & ser. Senecio(incl. sect. Delphinifolius
Reichenb. & Erechtitessect. MicroderisDC. & sect. TulodiscusDC.))
Sample species: S. aegyptius,S. arniciflorus,S. brasiliensis,S. californicus,S. cinerascens,

S. delphiniifolius, S. desfontainei,S. diphyllus, S. elegans, S. erechtitoides,S. erubescens,
S. gallicus, S. glastifolius, S. hildebrandii,S. hypoleucus,S. illicEfolius,S. inaequidens,
S. lanceus, S. lautus, S. linifolius, S. littoreus, S. lividus, S. madagascariensis,S.
melastomifolius,S. paniculatus, S. pohlii, S. polyanthemoides,S. pterophorus,S. pubigerus,
S. purpureus, S. quadridentatus,S. ramosus, S. rigidus, S. steudelii, S. subdentatus,S.
sylvaticus, S. telekii, S. umbellatus,S. vernalis, S. viscosus, S. vulgaris
Cytology: n = 9 (3 spp.), 10 (31 spp., incl. S. brasiliensis,S. gallicus, S. pterophorus,
S. subdentatus,S. telekii, S. vernalis), c. 18 (1 sp.), 19 (2 spp. incl. S. vulgaris), 20
(21 spp., incl. S. aegyptius,S. brasiliensis,S. californicus,S. hildebrandii,S. inaequidens,
S. lautus, S. linifolius, S. madagascariensis,S. quadridentatus,S. viscosus, S. vulgaris,
S. vernalis, S. sylvaticus, S. desfontainei, S. delphiniifolius), 30 (23 spp., incl. S.
hypoleucus,S. subdentatus),32 (1 sp.), 35 (1 sp.), 40 (3 spp.), c. 45 (1 sp.), 49 (1
sp.), 50 (3 spp.), c. 70, c. 80, c. 90 (1 sp.), 90 (1 sp.).
Shrubs, subshrubs or perennial herbs; capitula discoid, disciform or radiate; leaf
hair types 2a, b, g, 3d and vessel distribution types 03, 02, 05 of Jeffrey (1987):
carpopodium obscure; achene surface cells often papillose; fluked pappus hairs
commonly present.
A IX 21, 23, 25 (pro parte), 33, 37 (pro parte), 38, 39, 40 & 41 of Jeffrey (1979).
Three subgroups may be distinguishable: a basal austral subgroup with radiate
or discoid capitula and predominantly type 2g leaf hairs, the australasian erechti-
toid subgroup with disciform capitula and mostly type 3d leaf hairs, and a boreal
subgroup, predominantly annuals with radiate or discoid capitula and type 2a
leaf hairs.
D. subgen. 'Kleinioidei'
Succulent plants, usually with interfascicular cambium; carpopodium promi-
nent to obscure; glabrous leaves, anisocytic stomata and vessel distribution type
04 common. Genera 89-105 may be allied.
a. sect. Paucifolii Harv.

Sample species: S. rhombifolius
Succulent herbs with tuberous rootstocks; lower leaves petiolate, lanceolate;
b. sect. Peltati (Muschl.) C. Jeffrey

Sample species: S. auriculatissimus,S. oxyriifolius

94 KEWBULLETIN VOL. 47 (1)
Cytology: n = 30 (S. oxyriifolius).
Succulent herbs with tuberous rootstocks; leaves petiolate, peltate or palmate;
carpopodium obscure.
A IX 43 of Jeffrey (1979) (pro parte).
c. sect. incert.
Sample species: S. angulatus, S. dieterlenii,S. pleistocephalus
Cytology: n = 30 (S. angulatus), 46 (S. angulatus), c. 91 (S. angulatus).
Scandent succulent plants; fluked pappus hairs present; carpopodium ring-like,
narrow.
A IX 43 of Jeffrey (1979) (pro parte).
d. sect. Kleinioidei (DC.) Harv.

Sample species: (1) glabrous subgroup: S. baronii, S. boiteaui, S. crassissimus, S.
(2) tomentose subgroup: S. haworthii,S. medleywoodii,
melastomifolius,S. monocephalus;
S. pyramidalis, S. scaposus
Cytology: n = 10 (6 spp., incl. S. crassissimus, S. haworthii, S. medley-woodii,S.
scaposus).
Succulent plants with radiate or discoid capitula and yellow corollas; carpo-
podium prominent to obscure, of up to 10 rows of cells.
e. sect. Rowleyani C. Jeffrey

Sample species: S. crassulifolius, S. radicans
Cytology: n = 10 (4 spp., incl. S. crassulifolius), 20 (1 sp.), 30 (1 sp.), 50 (1 sp.),
c. 50 (1 sp.).
Succulent plants with discoid capitula, white corollas and usually reddish anthers;
carpopodium ring-like.
The above excludes a number of species still incertaesedis, e.g., sect. Pinnatae(H.
Koyama) C. Jeffrey; the South African and Madagascan climbing species with
lobed leaves, (e.g., S. francoisii, S. macroglossus,S. quinquelobus,S. tamoides,climb-
ing succulents with vessel distribution type 04 of Jeffrey (1987) and ring-like
carpopodium of 5-10 rows of cells); sect. Flexicaulis C. Jeffrey & Y. L. Chen
(e.g., S. deltoideus,S. scandens,S. stauntonii, scandent shrubby plants with leaf hair
types 2b, g, 3a and vessel distribution types 04 and 02 of Jeffrey (1987), ring-like
carpopodium of c. 5 rows of cells and papillose achene surface cells, A IX 36 of
Jeffrey (1979),) and sect. OrientalesMuschl., some of which may be of synotoid
affinity; Notonia walkeri and Senecio syringifolius, which may belong to Solanecio
although they apparently lack ovary wall druses; and a scattering of other species
from the tropics of both hemispheres, especially many endemics of Madagascar
(e.g., S. antambolorum,perhaps synotoid) and the West Indies, which require
further study.
Cytology: n = 10 (S. scandens, S. candicans, 'Notonia' walkeri), 20 (S. deltoideus),
c. 46 (S. laricifolius).
The existence of homonymy in Seneciohas necessitated the publication of the
following new names.

Senecio agapetes C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Senecioamabilis DC., Prodr. 6: 406 (1838) non Veil., Fl. Flum. 8 t. 107 (1831).
Senecio toxotis C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Senecio archeri (Compt.) Jacobsen, Sukkulentenkunde 4: 89 (Dec. 1951) non
Cuatrec., Fieldiana, Bot. 27 (2): 28 (Nov. 1951).
Senecio infirmus C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Seneciodebilis Harv. in Harv. & Sond., Fl. Cap. 3: 400 (1865) non Nutt., Trans.
Amer. Philos. Soc. N.S. 7: 408 (1841).
Senecio invalidus C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Seneciodebilis Phil., Linnaea 28: 752 (1865) non Nutt. l.c. (1841).
Senecio xherborgii C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
SenecioxdecipiensHerborg, Variabilitait u. Sippengrenz. Senecio nemorensis-
Gruppe europ. Teil (Diss. Bot. 107): 197 (1987) non S. decipiensBenoist, Bull.
Soc. Bot. France 83: 807 (1937).
Senecio emiliopsis C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Senecio emilioides Bak. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6 (3): 304 (1884) non Sch. Bip. in
Schweinf., Beitr. Fl. Aethiop. 158 (1867).
Senecio anapetes C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
SenecioexpansusHarv. in Harv. & Sond., Fl. Cap. 3: 384 (1865) non Wedd.,
Chlor. Andina 1: 107 (1856).
Senecio mitophyllus C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Seneciofilifolius Harv. in Harv. & Sond., Fl. Cap. 3: 399 (1865) non Berg., Descr.
P1l.Cap. 278 (1767).
Senecio madrasensis C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Seneciohohenackeri
Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. 3: 345 (1881) non Wedd., Chlor.
Andina 1: 131 (1856).
Senecio humidanus C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
SeneciohygrophilusDyer & C. A. Sm., J. S. African Bot. 9: 121 (1943) non Klatt,
Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 12, Beibl. 27: 26 (1890).
Senecio odontophyllus C. Jeffreynom. nov.
Seneciolinifolius(DC.) C. B. Cl., Compos. Ind. 202 (1876) non L., Syst. Nat.,
ed. 10: 1215 (1759) nec (L.) L., Sp. PI., ed. 2: 1220 (1763).
Senecio pleistophyllus C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Seneciomultibracteatus
Bak., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 20: 192 (1883) non Harv. in Harv.
& Sond., Fl. Cap. 3: 361 (1865).
Senecio pauciflosculosus C. Jeffreynom. nov.
SeneciooliganthusDC., Prodr. 6: 390 (1838) non Spreng., Syst. 5: 636 (1828).
Senecio oophyllus C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Senecioovalifolius Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 406 (1875) non Sch. Bip., Flora 28: 498
(1845).

Senecio peripotamus C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Senecio rivularis Remy in C. Gay, Fl. Chil. 4: 191 (1849) non DC., Prodr. 6:
359 (1838).
Senecio sarcoides C.Jeffreynom. nov.
DC., Prodr. 6: 402 (1838) non Forssk., Fl. Aepypt.-Arab. 149
Seneciosucculentus
(1775).
Senecio triodontiphyllus C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
SeneciotrifurcatusKlatt, Bull. Herb. Boissier 4: 842 (1898) non (Forst.) Less. ex
DC., Prodr., 6: 435 (1838).
Senecio lanifer Mart. ex C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
Senecio vernonioidesSch. Bip. ex Bak. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6 (3): 312 (1884) non
Sch. Bip., Flora 27; 701 (1844).
Leaves pseudopetiolate or sessile; phyllaries free; style-arm apices truncate or
subtruncate, fringed with papillae of more or less equal length. Undoubtedly
paraphyletic and probably polyphyletic as at present circumscribed.
82. Werneria Kunth in H.B.K., Nov. Gen. ed. fol. 4: 148 (1818) ( W. graminifolia
Kunth, Ecuador); 43, Andes, needing and under revision (Funk).
Cytology: n = c. 21 (1 sp.), c. 48 (1 sp.), 50 (3 spp.), c. 50 (1 sp.), 52 (1 sp.),
c. 75 (1 sp.), c. 77 (1 sp.), c. 103 (1 sp.), 106 (2 spp.).
Phyllaries more or less connate.
83. Chersodoma Phil., Anales Mus. Nac. Chile 1891: 33 (1891) (C. candidaPhil.,
Chile); 9 (one undescribed), S Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, Chile; perhaps hetero-
geneous; (Cabrera 1946; Cuatrecasas 1960; Nordenstam 1978).
Sample species: C. jodopappa
Dioecious.
84. Erechtites Raf., Fl. Ludov.: 65 (1817) (E. hieraciifolia (L.) Raf. ex DC.,
N America); 5, warm Americas (Barkley in Rogerson 1978, N America, in
Woodson 1975, Panama; Belcher 1956).
Sample species: E. valerianifolia
Cytology: n = 20 (2 spp., incl. E. valerianifolia).
Style-arms appendiculate; capitula disciform; carpopodium obscure; achene
surface cells papillose.
85. Pseudogynoxys (Greenm.)Cabrera,Brittonia 7: 54 (1950). (P. cordifolia(Cass.)

Cabrera, Peru); 13, tropical C. & S America (Robinson & Cuatrecasas 1971).
Pseudogynoxys boquetensis (Standl.) B. Turner, Phytologia 71(3): 206 (1991).
SenecioboquetensisStandl., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 394 (1940).
Type: Panama, Pittier 5382 (holotype F).
Sample species: P. boquetensis,P. chenopodiifolia

THE TRIBE SENECIONEAE(COMPOSITAE) 97
Cytology: n = 10 (?1 sp.), 45 (P. chenopodiifolia),c.45 (1 sp.), 47-48 (1 sp.).
Style-arms with trullate appendages; leaf-hair type 2b of Jeffrey (1987); carpo-
podium obscure; achene surface cells papillose.
A VII 10 of Jeffrey (1979).
86. Crassocephalum Moench, Methodus: 516 (1794) nom. rejic. (C. cernuum
Moench, cult. ex Mauritio); 21, tropical Africa, Madagascar, Mascarene Is,
Yemen, a few more of doubtful status (Jeffrey 1986, E Africa).
Sample species: C. montuosum,C. rubens
Cytology: n = 10 (4 spp., incl. C. rubens), 20 (1 sp.).
Style-arms appendiculate; capitula radiate or discoid; leaf-hair types 2b, g of
Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium obscure; achene surface cells striate-papillose.
87. Pericallis D. Don in Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. ser. 2, pl. 228 (1834) (P. tussil-
aginis (L'Herit.) D. Don, Tenerife); 15, Canary Is, Madeira, Azores (Nordenstam
1978).
Sample species: P. lanata, P. malvifolia
Cytology: n = 30 (8 spp., incl. P. lanata, P. malvifolia).
Involucre ecalyculate; pappus caducous; leaf hair types 2g, 3b and vessel distri-
bution types 03, 02 of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium narrow ring-like; achene
surface cells papillose.
88. Cineraria L., Sp. PI., ed. 2: 1242 (1763) & Gen. PI., ed. 6: 426 (1764) (C.
geifolia L., S Africa); c. 38, South Africa to tropical Africa, Arabia & Madagascar,
some undescribed, revision needed (Hilliard 1977, Natal).
Sample species: C. deltoidea
Cytology: n = 10 (1 sp.), 20 (2 spp.).
Achenes compressed; leaf hair types 3a, b and vessel distribution type 07 of
Jeffrey (1987).
89. Emilia (Cass.) Cass., Dict. Sc. Nat. 34: 393 (1825) (E. flammea Cass., Java);
88, palaeotropics, two extending, perhaps adventive, to the neotropics, a few
more of doubtful status, about a dozen yet to be described; revision needed
(Barkley & Cronquist in Rogerson 1978, N America, in Woodson 1975, Panama;
Grierson in Dassanayake 1980, Sri Lanka; Humbert 1963, Madagascar &
Comores; Jeffrey 1986, E Africa; Lisowski 1991b, C Africa) incl. Pseudactis S.
Moore, Xyridopsis Welw. ex B. Nord.
Emilia lyrata (Cass.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Pithosillum lyratum Cass., Dict. Sc. Nat. 41: 164 (1826). Type: Mauritius,
Commerson(syntype FI) & La Reunion, Bory (syntype FI, ? isosyntype G-DC).
Seneciopithosillum DC., Prodr. 6: 375 (1838). Type as above.
This combination is made solely to reduce Pithosillum Cass. to Emilia (Cass.)
Cass. The status of the species is uncertain; study of the syntypes is required.
Sample species: E. abyssinica, E. basifolia, E. citrina, E. coccinea, E. hockii, E.
sonchifolia.

Cytology: n = 5 (7 spp. incl. E. abyssinica, E. hockii, E. sonchifolia), 8 (E. sonchi-

folia), 10 (4 spp.), 15 (1 sp.).
Involucre ecalyculate; leaf-hair type 2b ofJeffrey (1987); pappus of non-caducous
hairs; carpopodium obscure.
A IV 5 of Jeffrey (1979).
90. Emiliella S. Moore, J. Bot. 56: 225 (1918) (E. exigua S. Moore, Angola); 5,
Angola, Zaire & Zambia (Torre 1975).
Cytology: unknown.
Involucre ecalyculate; pappus of a bifid or lacerate scale or absent; capitula
narrow, discoid.
91. Bafutia C. D. Adams, Kew Bull. 15: 439 (1962) (B. tenuicaulisC. D. Adams,
Cameroun); 1, W tropical Africa.
Sample species: B. tenuicaulis
Cytology: unknown.
Involucre ecalyculate, phyllaries connate.
92. Stenops B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 73 (1978) (S. helodesB. Nord., Tanzania);
1, Tanzania & Zambia.
Sample species: S. helodes
Cytology: unknown.
Involucre ecalyculate; pappus absent; capitula shallow, radiate.
The following three genera (the 'gynuroids' of Jeffrey (1979) as to Senecio 24,
Gynuraand Kleinia 4 only) are characterised by the prominent druses in the achene
wall cells.
93. Solanecio (Sch. Bip.) Walp., Rep. 6: 273 (1846) (S. tuberosusSch. Bip. ex A.
Rich., Ethiopia); 15 (one undescribed), tropical Africa (Jeffrey 1986).
Sample species: S. cydoniifolius, S. gigas, S. mannii, S. tuberosus
Style-arms without vascularized appendages; leaf-hair types 2b, g and vessel
distribution type 04, 02 of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium prominent, ring-like, of
c. 6 rows of cells.
A III 3 & 4 (pro parte) and A IX 22 (pro parte) of Jeffrey (1979).
94. Kleinia Mill., Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4 (1754) (K. neriifoliaHaw., Canary Is);
44 ( a few still under Senecioor Notonia), mostly tropical Africa and Arabia, a few
in Canary Is, N Africa, India, Burma, Madagascar and S Africa, several more
unlocalised or obscure, revision needed (Halliday 1988; Jeffrey 1986, E Africa)
incl. Notonia DC., Notoniopsis B. Nord.
Kleinia descoignsii (Humb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Notonia descoignsiiHumb., Notul. Syst. (Paris) 16: 327 (1960). Type: Madagascar,
Descoigns 3683 (holotype P).

Sample species: K. abyssinica, K. grandiflora, K. longiflora, K. madagascariensis,K.
neriifolia, K. pendula, K. scottii
Cytology: n = 9 (K. neriifolia), 10 (7 spp. incl. K. neriifolia, K. pendula).
Plants succulent; style-arms with vascularized appendages; carpopodium obscure.
95. Gynura Cass., Dict. Sc. Nat. 34: 392 (1825) nom. cons. (G. auriculataCass.,
Mauritius); 38, palaeotropics, perhaps two more in Madagascar under Crasso-
cephalum(Davies 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981; Jeffrey 1986, E. Africa; Koyama 1988,
Thailand).
Sample species: G. pseudochina
Cytology: n = 10 (9 spp.), 11 (1 sp.), 20 (3 spp.).
Plants not succulent; style-arms with vascularized appendages; leaf hair types 2b,
c of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium ring-like, of c. 5 rows of cells, or obscure.
The following genera constitute the 'othonnoids' characterised by the short

centrally depressed achene surface cells, though details are not known for all and
some may prove to have closer affinities elsewhere; ecalyculate involucres are
usual and the phyllaries are often more or less connate.
96. Steirodiscus Less., Syn. Gen. Compos.: 251 (1832) (S. capillaceus(Linn. f.)
Less., S Africa); 5, South Africa.
Sample species: S. tagetes
Cytology: n = 8 (1 sp.), 10 (1 sp.).
Annual herbs; pappus absent.
97. Othonna L., Sp. PI.: 924 (1753) & Gen. P1. ed. 5: 396 (1754) (0. coronopifolia
L., S Africa); c.103, nearly all South Africa, a few N Africa & SW Asia, one
Australia, revision needed; (Merxmiiller 1965, 1967, Namibia; Hilliard 1977,
Natal) incl. Hertia Less.
Othonna media C. Jeffrey nom. nov.
OthonnopsisintermediaBoiss., Diagn. pl. Orient. ser. 2, 6: 106 (1859). Type:
Pakistan, Stocks 800 & Afghanistan, Griffith (syntypes G, isosyntypes K!).
Othonna maroccana (Batt.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
OthonnopsismaroccanaBatt., Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 12: 8 (1921). Type:
Morocco, Nain (holotype ?AL, ?RAB).
Sample species: 0. amplexicaulis, 0. amplexifolia, 0. angustifolia, 0. gregorii, 0.
maroccana,0. pavonia
Cytology: n = 10 (37 spp.), 20 (11 spp. incl. 0. augustifolia, 0. gregorii).
Shrubs or perennial herbs, more or less succulent; pappus bristles persistent or
sometimes caducous, terete; vessel distribution types 04, 05, 10 of Jeffrey (1987).
98. Gymnodiscus Less., Linnaea 6: 95 (1831) (G. capillaris (Linn. f.) DC., S
Africa); 2, South Africa.
Sample species: G. capillaris
Cytology: n = 9 (G. capillaris).
Annual herbs; pappus absent from disc florets.

99. Oligothrix DC., Prodr. 6: 293 (1838) (0. gracilis DC., S Africa); 1, South
Africa.
Sample species: 0. gracilis
Cytology: unknown.
Annual herbs; pappus bristles fine, caducous.
100. Euryops (Cass.) Cass., Dict. Sc. Nat. 16: 49 (1820) (E. pectinatus(L.)) Cass.,
S Africa); 97, mostly South Africa, to E tropical Africa, Arabia & Socotra
(Hilliard 1977, Natal; Nordenstam 1968).
Sample species: E. pectinatus
Cytology: n = 10 (30 spp. incl. E. pectinatus), 20 (3 spp.), 30 (1 sp.).
Shrubs, perennial or annual herbs; pappus bristles caducous, flexuous, flattened,
or pappus absent; vessel distribution types 06, 02 of Jeffrey (1987).
101. Cadiscus E. Mey. ex DC., Prodr. 7: 254 (1838) (C. aquaticusE. Mey. ex DC.,
S Africa); 1, South Africa.
Sample species: C. aquaticus
Cytology: unknown.
Aquatic herbs; pappus subpaleaceous.
102. Lopholaena DC., Prodr. 6: 335 (1838) (L. dregeanaDC., S Africa); 17,
southern and southern tropical Africa (Hilliard 1977, Natal).
Sample species: L. dregeana
Cytology: unknown.
Shrubs; phyllaries often dorsally keeled; style-arms with subulate appendages;
vessel distribution types 04, 02 of Jeffrey (1987).
103. Phaneroglossa B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 66 (1978) (P. bolusii (Oliv.) B.
Nord., South Africa); 1, South Africa.
Sample species: P. bolusii
Cytology: unknown.
Subshrubs; rays white or cream; style-arms with small conical appendages.
104. Lamprocephalus B. Nord., Bot. Not. 125: 323 (1976) (L. montanus B.
Nord., S Africa); 1, South Africa.
Sample species: L. montanus
Cytology: unknown.
Shrubs; corollas red; style-arms with large, obtuse conical appendages.
105. Stilpnogyne DC., Prodr. 6: 293 (1838) (S. bellidioidesDC., S Africa); 1,

South Africa.
Sample species: S. bellidioides
Cytology: unknown.
Annual herbs; capitula disciform; pappus absent in marginal female florets.

IV. THE PACKEROID GROUP
106. Packera A. Love &D. Love, Bot. Not. 128: 520 (1976) (P. aurea(L.) A.
LBve
& D. Love, N America); 67, Mexico to Arctic Siberia, the majority in N America
(Barkley 1988, 1989).
Packera coahuilensis (Greenm.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciocoahuilensisGreenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 275
(1907). Type: Mexico, Coahuila, Palmer755 (syntypes GH, K!).
Packera glabella (Poir.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecio
glabellusPoir., Encyc., 7: 102 (1800). Type: Carolina, Michaux(holotype P).
Packera hintoniorum (B. L. Turner) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciohintoniorumB. L. Turner, Phytologia 57: 378 (1985). Type: Mexico,
Nuevo Le6n, Hintonet al. 17048 (holotype TEX).
Packera montereyana (S. Wats.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciomontereyanus
S. Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 155 (1890). Type:
Mexico, Nuevo Le6n, Pringle1922 (holotype ?GH, isotypes BM!, K!).
Packera moranii (T. M. Barkley) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciomoraniiT. M. Barkley, Brittonia 30 (1): 69 (1978). Type: Mexico, Baja
California, Moran 15669 (holotype NY, isotype BM!).
Packera porteri (Greene)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioporteriGreene, Pittonia 3: 186 (1897). Type: U.S.A., Colorado, Coulter
(not traced).
Packera quercetorum (Greene)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecioquercetorum
Greene, Leafl. Bot. Observ. Crit. 2: 20 (1909). Type: U.S.A.,
Arizona, Rusby672 (lectotype US).
Packera sanguisorbae (DC.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciosanguisorbaeDC., Prodr. 6: 427 (1838). Type: Mexico, Haenke, Andrieux
292 (syntypes G-DC).
Packera scalaris (Greene)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecioscalaris Greene, Pittonia 4: 108 (1900). Type: Mexico, Chihuahua,
Townsend(holotype ?NDG).
Packera spellenbergii (T. M. Barkley) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciospellenbergii
T. M. Barkley, Phytologia 67: 248 (1989). Type: U.S.A.,
New Mexico, Spellenberg7073 (holotype NY, isotypes KSC, NMC, TEX).
Packera tampicana (DC.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciotampicanusDC., Prodr. 6: 427 (1838). Type: Mexico, Berlandier186 (holo-
type G-DC).
Packera tomentosa (Michaux) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciotomentosusMichaux, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2:119(1803). Type: U.S.A., Carolina,
Michaux (holotype P).

Sample species: P. aurea, P. bellidifolia, P. cymbalaria,P. eurycephala,P. hyperborea,
P. neomexicana,P. tomentosa
Cytology: n = 20 (P. bellidifolia, P. tomentosa),22 (3 spp. incl. P. aurea), 23 (30
spp., incl. P. cymbalaria,P. eurycephala,P. neomexicana,P. tomentosa),24 (2 spp.),
c.30 (1 sp.), 35 (1 sp.), 40 (3 spp., incl. P. cymbalaria),46 (8 spp. incl. P. aurea,
P. cymbalaria), 60 (1 sp.), c.60 (1 sp.), 69 (P. cymbalaria).
Subscapigerousperennial to annual herbs without interfascicularcambium; roots
branching, fibrous; leaf-hair types 2f, 3b of Jeffrey (1987); carpopodium appar-
ently obscure.
A IX 47 (proparte)of Jeffrey (1979).
V. THE QUADRIDENTATE GROUP
Corollas 4-lobed; leaves petiolate; perennial rhizomatous herbs; interfascicular

cambium absent.
107. Iranecio B. Nord. in Rech. f. (ed.), Fl. Iran. 164 (Comp. VII): 53 (1989)
(I. paucilobus(DC.) B. Nord., Iran); 16, SW Asia.
Iranecio cariensis (Boiss.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciocariensisBoiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 398 (1875). Type: Turkey, Denizli, above
Coras, Boissier(syntype G) & Antalya, above Elmalu, Bourgeau(syntype G,
isosyntype K!).
Iranecio davisii (Matthews) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciodavisii Matthews, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh, 33: 258 (1974).
Type: Turkey, Hakkari, Davis 45832 (holotype, E, isotype K!).
Iranecio eriospermus (DC.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Senecioeriospermus
DC., Prodr. 6: 358 (1838). Type: Turkey, Adiyaman, Ak Dag,
Aucher3422 (lectotype, G-DC).
var. crambefolius (Boiss.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SenecioeriospermusDC. var. crambefoliusBoiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 396 (1875). Type:
Turkey, near Guimiisane, Tchihatcheff390 & near Erzerum, Kotschy 285
(syntypes, G).
Iranecio farfarifolius (Boiss. & Kotschy) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Boiss. & Kotschy in Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 400 (1875). Type:
Seneciofarfarifolius
Turkey, Nigde, Bulghar Dag, Kotschy69 (syntype G), Balansa(syntype G, iso-
syntype K!).
Iranecio hypochionaeus (Boiss.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciohypochionaeus
Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 4: 14 (1844). Type: Turkey,
Bursa, Ulu Dag, Boissier(holotype G, isotype K!).
Iranecio jurineifolius (Boiss. & Bal.) C. Jeffreycomb. nov.
Seneciojurineifolius Boiss. & Bal. in Boiss., Diagn. P1. Orient. ser. 2, 6: (1959).
Type: Turkey, Kayseri, Mt. Asian, Balansa (holotype G).
Iranecio kubensis (Grossh.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

SeneciokubensisGrossh., Trudy Azerbajdzansk. Otd. Zakavkazsk. Fil. Akad.
Nauk SSSR 1: 59 (1933). Type: U.S.S.R., Azerbaijan, Kuba District,
Sakhokia(holotype BAK).
Iranecio lazicus (Boiss. & Bal.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciolazicusBoiss. & Bal. in Boiss., Fl. Orient. 3: 400 (1875). Type: Turkey,
Rize, above Kabak, Balansa(holotype G, isotype K!).
Iranecio lipskyi (Lomak.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciolipskyiLomak., Trudy Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 3: 51 (1899). Type: U.S.S.R.,
Armenia, Yerevan District, Lipsky(holotype LE).
Iranecio lorentii (Hochst.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
SeneciolorentiiHochst. in Lorent, Wanderungen: 330 (1845) & Flora 28: 27
(1845). Type: Turkey, Erzerum, Lorent(not traced).
Iranecio massagetovii (Schischk.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciomassagetovii
Schischk. in Komarov, Fl. U.R.S.S. 26: 882 (1961). Type:
U.S.S.R., Georgia, near Sakochavi, Massagetov(holotype LE).
Iranecio pandurifolius (C. Koch) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Seneciopandurifolius
C. Koch, Linnaea 17: 48 (1843). Type: U.S.S.R., Caucasus,
Mingrelia, Koch(holotype Bt).
Iranecio taraxacifolius (M.-Bieb.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.
Cineraria M.-Bieb., Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 313 (1808). Type: U.S.S.R.,
taraxacifolia
Caucasus, Steven(holotype LE).
Sample species: I. hypochionaeus,I. taraxacifolius
Cytology: n = 12 (1. pandurifolius), - 15, 16, 17 (I. taraxacifolius), 20 (I. hypo-
chionaeus).
Rhizomes short, thick; corollas yellow; leaf-hair types 2c, 3a, b, ofJeffrey (1987);
carpopodium massive, of c.8 rows of cells.
A IX 12 (proparte)of Jeffrey (1979).
108. Dolichorrhiza (Pojark.)Galushko,Nov. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 210 (1970)

(D. renifolia(C. A. Mey.) Galushko, Caucasus); 4, Caucasus, Iran (Nordenstam
in Rechinger 1989, Iran).
Sample species: D. renifolia
Cytology: n = 15-16 (1 sp.), 20 (3 spp., incl. D. renifolia), 22 (1 sp.).
Rhizomes long, slender; corollas yellow; leaf hair types 2c, 3a, b of Jeffrey (1987);
carpopodium massive, of c.8 rows of cells.
A IX 12 pro parte of Jeffrey (1979).
109. Pojarkovia Askerova,Nov. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 21: 186 (1984) (P. stenocephala
(Boiss.) Askerova, Caucasus); 1, Caucasus.
Sample species: P. stenocephala
Cytology: n = 20.
Rhizomes short, thick; corollas whitish, the limb deeply lobed.

104 47 (1)
KEW BULLETIN VOL.
110. Cacalia L., Sp. Pl.: 753 (1753) & Gen. Pl., ed. 5: 362 (1754) (C. alpinaL.,
Europe, Alps); 3, C. & S Europe (Wagenitz 1983) syn. Adenostyles Cass.; the
Euxine C. macrophylla Bieb. complex (including Seneciorhombifolius (Willd.) Sch.
Bip., S. platyphyllus DC. and S. platyphylloidesSomm. & Lev.,) and Cineraria
Bieb.
parviflora (Seneciolampsanoides DC.) should be referred to an allied as yet
undescribed genus.
Sample species: S. rhombifolius
Cytology: n = 19 (3 spp., plus 'S'. lampsanoides,
'S'. platyphylloides,
'S'. rhombifolius).
Corollas purplish; style-arms elongate, attenuate; leaf hair types 2h, 3b of Jeffrey
(1987).
SUBTRIBE II. BLENNOSPERMATINAE

Achenes with obovoid myxogenic hairs.
111. Blennosperma Less., Syn. Gen. Compos. 267 (1832) (B. chilenseLess.,
Chile); 3, California, Chile.
Cytology: n = 7 (2 spp.), 9 (1 sp.), 16 (1 sp.).
Annual herbs; pappus absent.
112. Crocidium Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: t. 112 (1833) (C. multicaule
Hook., NW
U.S.A.); 1, NW U.S.A. (Morton in Rogerson 1978).
Cytology: n = 9.
Annual herbs; pappus present in hermaphroditeflorets, of fine caducous bristles.
Excluded: IschneaF. Muell., Abrotanella

Cass., ChlamyditesJ.R. Drumm. ( = Aster
L.).
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Sene Mascarene Jeffrey1992

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The Tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) in the Mascarene Islands with an Annotated World Check-

List of the Genera of the Tribe: Notes on Compositae: VI

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An annotated check-list of the genera of the tribe Senecioneaeis presented. As here

44. Receptacle consistency

*Continued from Kew Bull. 43: 277 (1988).

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*Recently described as Papuacalia Veldk., see p. 52.

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1. THE NEW GUINEA MONTANE WOODY SPECIES

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4. Brachyglottis]. R. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. Pl.: 46 (1775) (B. repandaJ. R.

6. Nelsonianthus H. Robins. & Brettell, Phytologia 27: 54 (1973). (N. epiphyticus

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7. Telanthophora H. Robins. & Brettell, Phytologia 27: 424 (1974) (Senecio

Telanthophora guerkei (Hieron.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

8. Pittocaulon H. Robins. & Brettell, Phytologia 26: 451 (1973) (Cinerariapraecox

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Panero, Schilling & Wofford582 (holotype TENN).

17. Rainiera Greene,Pittonia 3: 291 (1898) (PrenanthesstrictaGreene, Washington);

19. Arnoglossum Raf., Fl. Ludov.: 64 (1817) (A. plantagineumRaf., Louisiana);

*Yermo R. D. Dorn, Madrofio 38: 199 (1991) (Y. xanthocephalus

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The following genera form the group of 'herbaceous cacalioids', characterized by

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sp.), c. 44 (2 spp.), 45 (1 sp.), 60 (1 sp.).

37. Sinosenecio B. Nord., Opera Bot. 44: 48 (1978) (S. homogyniphyllus(Cumm.)

Sample species: S. euosmus, S. trinervius

3. THE GYNOXYOID GENERA

These combine the plesiomorphic 'cacalioid' features of cylindrical anther-

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41. Paracalia Cuatrec.,Brittonia 12: 183 (1960) (P. pentamera(Cuatrec.) Cuatrec.,

42. Paragynoxys (Cuatrec.) Cuatrec., Brittonia 8: 153 (1955) (P. neodendroides

Aequatoriumalbiflorum(Wedd.) Diaz & Cuatrec. (1990).*

Aequatorium fabrisii (Cabrera)C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

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Aequatorium stellatopilosum (Greenm.& Cuatrec.ex Cuatrec.)C. Jeffreycomb. nov.

4. THE SENECIONOID GENERA

I. THE NEOTROPICAL GROUP

A group of mainly woody genera, shrubs, lianas or sometimes trees, charac-

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53. Dresslerothamnus H. Robins., Phytologia 40: 493 (1978) (D. angustiradiata

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55. Dendrophorbium (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey gen. et stat. nov.

Dendrophorbium americanum (Linn. f.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Dendrophorbium brachycodon (Bak.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

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Dendrophorbium dolichodoryium (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

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Dendrophorbium krukoffii (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Dendrophorbium Iloense (Hieron. ex Sodiro) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Dendrophorbium longilinguae (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Dendrophorbium lucidum (DC.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Dendrophorbium missionum (Cabrera) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

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Dendrophorbium pururu (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Dendrophorbium scaphiforme (Greenm.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.

Dendrophorbium silvani (Cuatrec.) C. Jeffrey comb. nov.