RAY TRACING PATH LOSS MODEL

Fig.1. Two ray ground reflection model

Where,

ht - Height of the transmitting antenna

hr - Height of the receiving antenna

d - Distance between Transmitter and Receiver

θi – Angle of incidence

θr – Angle of reflection

Ei –Electric field of incident wave

Er– Electric field of reflected wave

ELOS– Electric field of line of sight wave

Ex. No: RAY TRACING PATH LOSS MODEL
Date:

AIM:

To compute the path loss for a two ray ground reflection model.

SOFTWARE USED:

Scilab

FORMULA USED:

Path difference, Δ = dn = = d”-d’ ----- (1)

Phase difference, θΔ = ----- (2)

Time delay, Td = ----- (3)

Received Power, Pr= ----- (4)

Path Loss, PL (dB) = 40 log d – (20 log + 20 log +10 log +10 log ) ---(5)

Where,

d’- Distance travelled by direct wave along los

d” – Distance travelled by the reflected wave

ht – Height of the transmitting antenna

hr – Height of the receiving antenna

fc - Carrier frequency

Pr –Power received

Pt – Power transmitted

Gt – Transmitting antenna gain

Gr – Receiving antenna gain

MODEL CALCULATION:
THEORY:

In a Mobile radio channel, a single direct path between the base station and a mobile is
seldom the only physical means for propagation and hence free space propagation model is in
most inaccurate when used alone. The two ray ground reflection model as shown in the fig 1 is
a useful propagation model that is based on geometric optics, and considers both the direct path
and a ground reflected propagation path between transmitter and receiver. This model has been
found to be accurately for predicting the large scale signal strength over distances of seven
kilometers for mobile radio systems that use tall towers (heights which exceed 50 meters) as
well as for line of sight microcell channels in urban environments.

In most mobile communication systems, the maximum T-R separation distance is at most
only a few tens of kilometers, and the earth may be assumed to be flat. The total received E-
Field, ETOT is then a result of direct line of sight component, E LOS and the ground reflected
component (Eg). Two propagating waves arrive at the receiver the direct wave travels a distance
d’ and reflected wave travels a distance d’’. Once path difference is known the phase difference
θΔ between the two E field components and the time delay between the arrival of the two
components can be easily computed using the following relations.

PROCEDURE:

1. Enter the required values for Pt , Gt , Gr ,d , ht and hr

2. Compute path difference, time delayed, power radiated and path loss
3. Use for loop to determine the values of above mentioned parameters for a range of distanced.
4. Plot the waveform and display the result with suitable commands using C/Scilab.
C PROGRAM:
INFERENCE:

RESULT: