@CBCFCH
FCMN]C[N]OZ@ 
@C[C BZFOCH @CACGJ@JA FCMN]C[N]OZ@ 
(FCMN]C[N]OZ@ BZF[Z] GC]OAECA [Z@MZHCA)
[ Z@MZHCA)

Knsja Yjaec`pu @ctc Bufoch7 Crocako, \.Yk., @.\o

KO\Z\ZA NFJH7

 AC@C 7 JBC HJ]CUC[O

 AO@ 7 H9<3?:9:

BJFC\ 7 YJAK.
YJAK. MONFNEO
MONFNEO L

Y]NE]C@ \[ZKO YJAKOKOBCA MONFNEO

DCBZF[C\ BJEZ]ZCA KCA OF@Z YJAKOKOBCA
ZAOTJ]\O[C\ \ZFCUJ\O MC]C[
=9=9
 

BC[C YJAECA[C]

Yugo syubur scyc pcagctbca bjhckorct Cffch _cae @chc Jsc bcrjac kjaeca
rch`ct, bcruaoc sjrtc tcudob kca hokcych-ayc scyc kcpct `jayjfjscobca `cbcfch ycae
 mjrgukuf ]calcaeca Kjach Fcmnrctnrou` kca @cacgj`jaayc  oao kjaeca mcob.
[okcb fupc guec scyc `jaeulcpbca
`jaeulcpbca tjro`cbcsoh pckc
pckc Mcpcb Crocako, \.Yk., @.\o
sjfcbu knsja `ctc bufoch @cacgj`ja Fcmnrctnrou`, ycae tjfch `j`mjrbca tuecs oao
bjpckc scyc kca `j`mo`moae scyc kcfc` `jaejrgcbca `cbcfch oao. \cyc scaect
 mjrhcrcp `cbcfch oao kcpct mjreuac mceo pj`mclc uatub `jac`mch pjaejtchuca.
\cyc guec `jayckcro sjpjauhayc mchwc kokcfc` `cbcfch oao tjrkcpct bjburcaeca kca
 gcuh kcro bctc sj`purach. Nfjh sjmcm otu, scyc
sc yc mjrhcrcp ckcayc brotob kca usufca kj`o
 pjrmcobca `cbcfch ycae tjfch scyc muct oao. \j`nec `cbcfch ycae sjkjrhcac oao kcpct
kopchc`o nfjh pcrc pj`mclc. Kca kcpct mjreuac mceo scyc sjakoro kca guec pcrc
 pj`mclc. \jmjfu`ayc scyc `nhna `ccd cpcmofc tjrkcpct bctc-bctc ycae burcae
 mjrbjacae.

@cgjaj, 33 @jo =9=9

Yjaufos

o
 

KCD[C] O\O

BC[C YJAECA[C] ...............................................................

.....................................................................................
..............................
........ o
KCD[C] O\O ............................................
...................................................................
.............................................
.........................................
................... oo
MCM 3 YJAKCHZFZCA
C.  Fctcae Mjfcbcae ..........................................
................................................................
............................................
...........................
..... 3
M.  ]u`usca @cscfch ............................................
..................................................................
............................................
........................ 3
L.  [uguca ...........................................
..................................................................
.............................................
.........................................
................... =
K.  @cadcct .........................................
................................................................
.............................................
.........................................
................... =
MCM OO [OAGCZCA YZ\[CBC
C.  Yjaejrtoca Fcmnrctnrou` Buftur Gcroaeca ..............................
....................................................
........................ <
M.  ]calcaeca Fcmnrctnrou` Buftur Gcroaeca [u`muhca ................................
................................ ;
L.  Ec`mcr \trubtur Kjach kca [ctc Fjtcb ...........................................
.......................................................
............ ;
K.  Yjrcfctca ycae Komutuhbca ko Fcmnrctnrou` Buftur Gcroaeca
G croaeca [u`muhca ....
.... 3;
J.  Kcdtcr Mchca Fcmnrctnrou` Buftur Gcroaeca [u`muhca ..............................
.............................. ==
==
D.  [ctc Bjfnfc Fcmnrctnrou` .......................................
.............................................................
......................................
................ =;
E.  Cturca [ctc [jrtom Fcmnrctnrou` .......................................
.............................................................
...........................
..... =:
H.  \tcakcr @utu Fcmnrctnrou` ...................................................
.........................................................................
........................ =?
MCM OOO YJAZ[ZY
C.  Bjso`pufca ...........................................
.................................................................
............................................
..................................
............ <3
KCD[C] YZ\[CBC ........................................
..............................................................
............................................
..................................
............ <=

oo
 

MCM O
YJAKCHZFZCA

C.  Fctcr Mjfcbcae

Fcmnrctnrou` `jrupcbca sjmuch scrcac ycae mjrmjatub dcsofotcs uatub
`jauagcae cbtovotcs kcro pjakokobca sjrtc pjaejtchuca, fcmnrctnrou` tjrkoro kcro
 mjrmceco gjaos, duaeso ycae mjrmjkc sctu kjaeca ycae fcoaayc
Fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca `jrupcbca fcmnrctnrou` ycae scaect
 mjrpjrcae pjatoae mceo `chcsoswc gurusca monfneo. Fcmnrctnrou` oao koeuacbca
uatub `jfcbscacbca pjrlnmcca buftur gcroaeca pjrlnmcca buftur gcroaeca
tu`muhca. Fcmnrctnrou` oao kokjscoa sjkj`oboca rupc, sjhoaeec kohcrcpbca
`c`pu `jaenpto`cfbca kcyc euacayc mceo sjburuh `chcsoswc. Fcmnrctnrou` oao
`jayjkocbca mjrmceco dcsofotcs mjrupc cfct kca mchca ycae `jauagcae prnsjs
buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca.
\jpjrto ac`cayc, fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca mjrduaeso sjmceco
fcmnrctnrou` ycae koeuacbca uatub `jajfoto pjrbj`mcaemocbca tu`muhca
`jaeeuacbca tjbaob buftur gcroaeca. [jbaob buftur gcroaeca oao `jrupcbca tjbaob
ycae scaect `jaeuatuaebca uatub `jaej`mcaebca muko kcyc tcac`ca. \jmcm
tokcb sj`uc tcac`ca mocs kobj`mcaebca `jfcfuo pjayjrmubca cfc`o `cupua
 muctca. Kjaeca buftur gcroaeca tcac`ca sukch mocs kobj`mcaemocbbca kjaeca
hcayc `jaeeuacbca scfch sctu mceoca kcro tcac`ca tjrsjmut.
[jbaob buftur gcroaeca `j`jrfubca `jkoc ycae stjrof sjrtc suhu ycae npto`cf.
\jhoaeec tcac`ca ycae kobuftur mosc tu`muh npto`cf kca `jakcpctbca hcsof ycae
`j`ucsbca. \jmcm gobc buftur gcroaeca pckc tcac`ca tjrsjmut mjrhcsof kofcbubca
`cbc cbca mcaycb bjuatuaeca ycae kokcpctbca sjpjrto `j`pjrmcaycb tcac`ca
kjaeca wcbtu ycae soaebct.
M. ]u`usca @cscfch
3.  Mceco`cac ec`mcr ctcu strubtur kjach kca tctc fjtcb fcmnrctnrou` buftur
 gcroaeca tu`muhca>
=.  Mceco`cac pjrcfctca fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca
tu`muhca>>
<.  Mceco`cac kcdtcr mchca fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca>

3
 

;.  Mceco`cac tctc bjfnfc fcmnrctnrou` >

:.  Mceco`cac cturca tctc tjrtom fcmnrctnrou`>
4.  Mceco`cac stcakcr `utu fcmnrctnrou`>

L.  [uguca
3.  Zatub `jaejtchuo ec`mcr ctcu strubtur kjach kca tctc fjtcb fcmnrctnrou`
buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca 
=.  Zatub `jaejtchuo pjrcfctca fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca
<.  Zatub `jaejtchuo kcdtcr mchca fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca
;.  Zatub `jaejtchuo tctc bjfnfc fcmnrctnrou`
:.  Zatub `jaejtchuo cturca tctc tjrtom fcmnrctnrou`
4.  Zatub `jaejtchuo stcakcr `utu fcmnrctnrou`
K. @cadcct

@cadcct pj`muctca `cbcfch oao ckcfch uatub kcpct koeuacbca sjmceco mchca
 pjaecgcrca ko mokcae pjakokobca.

=
 

MCM OO
[OAGCZCA YZ\[CBC

C. Yjaejrtoca Fcmnrctnrou` Buftur Gcroaeca

Fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca ckcfch fcmnrctnrou` ycae koeuacbca bhusus kcfc`
 pjajfotoca `jaebufturbca gcroaeca tu`muhca. Yjrtu`muhca jbspfca kcfc` buftur
 gcroaeca kouschcbca kcfc` foaebuaeca ycae csjptob kca tjrbjakcfo. Fcmnrctnrou`
ycae jdjbtod `jrupcbca scfch sctu uasur pjatoae ycae obut `jajatubca bjmjrhcsofca
 pjbjrgcca, mcob uatub pjajfotoca, `cupua prnkubso.Fcmnrctnrou` sjmcobayc
komcaeua ko kcjrch ycae ukcrcayc mjrsoh, tokcb mcaycb kjmu kca pnfutca. Mcaeuaca
fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca sjmcobayc `j`puayco pj`mceoca rucaeca ycae koctur
sjkj `oboca rupc sjhoaeec tocp bjeoctca tjrposch sctu kjaeca fcoaayc, tjtcpo `ukch
scfoae mjrhumuaeca kca `ukch kolcpco.
Buftur Gcroaeca/[ossuj Lufturj `jrupcbca scfch sctu tjbaob `j`pjrmcaycb
tcac`ca sjlcrc csjptob ycae kotugubca bjpckc mceoca/sjf/gcroaeca suctu tcac`ca.
Mceoca/sjf/gcroaeca kcro sctu tcac`ca tjrsjmut ko`cbsukbca uatub mjrejajrcso
sjakoro sjhoaeec tcac`ca otu sjrupc kjaeca tcac`ca oakubcaayc. Loro tjbaob oao
ckcfch bnakoso buftur ycae csjptos,
csjptos , pjaeeuacca `jkoc buftur muctca kjaeca
bcakuaeca autroso fjaebcp, kca bnakoso foaebuaeca buftur ycae sjsuco. Foaebuaeca
ycae sjsuco kcpct kopjauho kjaeca `jajatubca `jkoc tu`muh ycae sjsuco kca
 pjaj`pctca pckc bnakoso ycae tjrbjakcfo mjrbcotca kjaeca oatjasotcs kca
 pjronkosotcs, lchcyc, tj`pjrctur, kca bjfj`mcmca sjrtc bjhcrusca stjrofoscso.  
Buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca ctcu [ossuj Lufturj `jrupcbca suctu `jtnkj
`jau`muh bj`mcaebca mceoca
mceoca tu`muhca,
tu`muhca, mcob mjrupc sjf, gcroaeca ctcu nreca
nreca
kcfc` bnakoso csjptol ctcu mjmcs kcro `obrn nrecaos`j. @jtnkj oao kofcbubca sjlcrc
oa votrn kcfc` tcmuae ctcu mntnf `jagcko tu`muhca ycae fjaebcp mceoca-mceocaayc.
Hcf oao bcrjac sjf tu`muhca mjrsodct cutnan` kca `j`puayco tntopnrjaso. \jf
 mjrsodct cutnan` crtoayc
crtoa yc kcpct `jaectur cbtodotcs hokupayc sjakoro. Kcfc` hcf oao sjf
tu`muhca kcpct `jfcbubca `jtcmnfos` sjrtc tu`muh kca mjrbj`mcae sjlcrc
oakjpjakja gobc koosnfcso kcro gcroaeca oakubayc.

<
 

M. ]calcaeca Fcmnrctnrou` Buftur Gcroaeca

Gcroaeca [u`muhca
[u`muhca
Fcmnrctnrou` Buftur Gcroaeca [u`muhca tjrkoro kcro rucaeca-rucaeca ycae
koposchbca mjrkcscrbca duaesoayc, ycotu ]ucae Cacfosc, ]ucae Yjrsocpca, ]ucae

[rcasdjr/[cac`, ]ucae Buftur/Oabumcso kca ]ucae [o`mcae/Mchca Bo`oc.  

\jmjrcpcpua fucsayc fcmnrctnrou`, rucae ko ctcs guec hcrus tjrposch kcro
bjmua momot kca erjja hnusj uatub `jaehoakcro
`jaehoakcro `csubayc bnatc`oacso bj kcfc`
rucae buftur. Bjmjrsohca fcatco, `jgc kca burso hcrus tjrus kogcec
kogcec sjlcrc oatjasod.
L. Ec`mcr \trubtur Kjach kca [ctc Fjtcb  
3.  Kjach /kjscoa fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca
Yj`mceoca rucaeca fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca mjrkcscrbca bjeoctca-
bjeoctcaayc ckcfch sjmceco mjrobut 7
c)  ]ucae Yrcbtobu`

;
 

 m)  ]ucae Knsja

:
 

l)  ]ucae Cacfosc

 
]ucaeca oao mocscayc koeuacbca uatub tj`pct `jaecacfosos, `jaec`cto

kca `jakosbusobca hcsof pjrfcbuca tjrhckcp jbspfca ycae tjfch kotcaca

tjrkchufu.Hcsof pjrfcbuca ycae tjfch kofcbubca tjrhckcp jbspfca tjrtjatu
 pjrfu koc`cto uatub `jfohct
` jfohct pjrmjkccayc kca
kc a uatub `j`mcakoaebca kjaeca
bjckcca cwcf jbspfca sjwcbtu kotcac`. Nfjh sjmcm otu ycae komutuhbca cfct-
cfct kcro rucaeca cacfosc, catcrc fcoa ckcfch7
-  @obrnsbnp
-  nmgjb efcss kca lnvjr efcss
-  fnupj
-  `obrntn` kca pjrfjaebcpcaayc

4
 

k)  ]ucae Yjrsocpca

]ucae pjrsocpca ctcu rucae stjrofoscso `jrupcbca rucaeca ycae

`j`mjrsohbca cfct-cfct (cfct-cfct ejfcs sjpjrto pjtro, mntnf, kff), pjrsocpca kca
stjrofoscso `jkoc, kca pjayo`pcaca cfct-cfct ejfcs. \jmuch wjstcdjf uatub
`jalulo ycae
ycae kofjaebcpo kjaeca brca uatub
uatub cforca cor `jaecfor guec
guec
kopjrfubca uatub `j`mjrsohbca cfct-cfct mjrmchca ejfcs. \jfcoa otu
kopjrfubca `jgc ycae pjr`ubccayc kofcposo kjaeca mchca ycae `ukch
komjrsohbca. Korucaeca oao tjrkoro kcro7
-  Nvja
-  Cutnbfcd
-  [j`pct lulo

-  Bn`pnr ecs

5
 

-  Fcmu tcbcr, Jrfja`jyjr,pjaeckub ejfcs,ejfcs pocfc, spctufc,pjtrokosh, popjt,

 mntnf buftur, poscu slcpjf.
j)  ]ucae [rcasdjr/[cac`

 
]ucae trcasdjr/ pjacac`ca `jrupcbca rucae ycae
ycae koeuacbca
koeuacbca uatub
osnfcso, oanbufcso kca sumbuftur (pjagcrcaeca) pckc bnakoso stjrof. ]ucaeca oao
sjkcpct `uaeboa mjmcs kcro kjmu kca hjwca bjlof, pjaeeuacca CL scaect
kocagurbca kcfc` rucaeca oao. ]ucae trcasdjr kofjaebcpo kjaeca pjrcfctca
sjmceco mjrobut7
-  Fc`oacr cor dfnw lcmoajt, mosc guec jabcs
-  Cfct-cfct kosjbso poscu mjkch/slcpjf,poasjt,spctufc kca euatoae.
-  Hcak sprcyjr ycae mjroso cflnhnf 59%
 
- Fc`pu Muasja

8
 

d)  ]ucae Buftur/Oabumcso

]ucae buftur/ oabumcso `jrupcbca rucae ycae pcfoae mjscr komcakoae

kjaeca rucaeca ycae fcoa. rucaeca oao hcrus kogcec bjmjrsohcaayc kca
sjkcpct `uaeboa kohoakcro tjrfcfu mcaycb bjfucr `csubayc nrcae-nrcae ycae
tokcb mjrbjpjatoaeca. ko kcfc` rucaeca tjrkcpct7
-  ]cb-rcb buftur
-  Mntnf-mntnf buftur
]cb-rcb buftur ycae mjrduaeso uatub `jac`puae mntnf-mntnf buftur ycae
 mjroso tcac`ca. ]cb oao guec kofjaebcpo fc`pu-fc`pu sjmceco su`mjr lchcyc
 mceo tcac`ca buftur, rucae buftur oao guec
guec hcrus kofjaebcpo kjaeca CL.

?
 

e)  ]ucae [o`mcae/Mchca Bo`oc

]ucae to`mcae oao mjroso7

-  \tnb mchca-mchca bo`oc
-  to`mcaeca
-  `ceajtol storrjr
-  fj`cro js
\j`uc bjeoctca pjao`mcaeca mchca bo`oc kca pj`muctca fcrutca stnb
 mjrckc korucaeca oao.

39
 

33
 

=.  [ctc fjtcb fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca

Yj`cbco fcmnrctnrou` hjakcbayc `j`chc`o tctc fjtcb ctcu fcynut mcaeuaca
fcmnrctnrou`. Yj`mcaeuaca suctu fcmnrctnrou` tokcb kopjrlcycbca mjeotu scgc

bjpckc sjnrcae crsotjbtur mcaeuaca. Mcaeuaca fcmnrctnrou` tokcb sc`c kjaeca

 mcaeuaca bjfcs. Mcaycb dcbtnr ycae hcrus kopjrto`mcaebca sjmjfu`
`j`mcaeua fcmnrctnrou`. Dcbtnr-dcbtnr tjrsjmut catcrc fcoa fnbcso mcaeuaca
fcmnrctnrou` kca uburca-uburca rucae. Yjrsycrctca fnbcso pj`mcaeuaca
fcmnrctnrou` catcrc fcoa tokcb tjrfjtcb pckc crch caeoa ycae `jaugu mcaeuaca
fcoa ctcu pj`ubo`ca. Hcf oao ko`cbsukbca uatub `jaehoakcro
`jaehoakcro pjayjmcrca ecs-
ecs mjrmchcyc.
Mcaeuaca fcmnrctnrou` tokcb mjrkjbctca ctcu komcaeua pckc fnbcso su`mjr
cor. Mcaeuaca fcmnrctnrou` gcaeca tjrfcfu kjbct kjaeca mcaeuaca fcoaayc.

Fnbcso fcmnrctnrou` hcrus `ukch kogcaebcu uatub pjaenatrnfca kca

`j`ukchbca toakcbca fcoaayc `oscfayc cpcmofc tjrgcko bjmcbcrca, `nmof
bjmcbcrca hcrus
hcrus kcpct `jagcaebcu mcaeuaca fcmnrctnrou`. \jfcoa pjrsycrctca
fnbcso, pjrfu kopjrhctobca pufc tctc fjtcb rucaeca. ]ucaeca fcmnrctnrou` uatub
 pj`mjfcgcrca scoa u`u`ayc tjrkoro kcro rucae utc`c kca rucaerucae pjfjaebcp.
]ucae utc`c ckcfch rucaeca tj`pct pcrc soswc ctcu `chcsoswc `jfcbubca
 prcbtobu`. ]ucae pjfjaebcp u`u`ayc tjrkoro kcro rucae pjrsocpca kca rucae
 pjayo`pcaca. ]ucae pjrsocpca koeuacbca uatub `jayocpbca cfct-cfct kca
 mchca-mchca ycae cbca kopcbco prcbtobu` ctcu pjrlnmcca mcob uatub soswc

`cupua uatub euru. ]ucae pjayo`pcaca ctcu eukcae tjrutc`c koeuacbca uatub
`jayo`pca mchca-mchca pjrsjkocca (tjr`csub mchca bo`oc) kca cfct-cfct ycae
 pjaeeuaccaayc tokcb sjtocp scct (gcrcae).
\jfcoa rucaeca-rucaeca tjrsjmut, `uaeboa guec sjmuch fcmnrctnrou`
`j`ofobo rucae ejfcp (kcrb rnn`), rucaeca spjso`ja, rucaeca bhusus uatub
 pjayo`pcaca mchca-mchca bo`oc kca rucae ck`oaotrcso / stcd . Hcf oao kokcscrbca
ctcs pjrto`mcaeca bjc`caca mjrmceco pjrcfctca fcmnrctnrou` kca bjayc`caca
 pcrc pjaeeuac fcmnrctnrou`. Yjayo`pcaca cfct-cfct ko kcfc` eukcae tokcb mnfjh
kosctubca kjaeca mchca bo`oc. Kj`oboca pufc pjayo`pcaca cfct-cfct ejfcs tokcb

 mnfjh kosctubca kjaeca cfct-cfct ycae tjrmuct kcro fnec`.

3=
 

  Zburca rucae utc`c fjmoh mjscr kcro pckc uburca rucae pjrsocpca kca rucae
 pjayo`pcaca. Lnatnh cpcmofc fucs fcatco uatub sjmuch mcaeuaca fcmnrctnrou`
399`=, ;=
;= 59 “ 89 `= koeucacbca uatub
uatub rucae utc`c tj`pct prcbtobu`.
prcbtobu`. ]ucae

 pjayo`pcaca hcrus kcpct kotj`pcto fj`cro ycae cbca koeuacbca uatub

`jayo`pca cfct-cfct ctcu mchca. Kj`oboca guec rucae pjrsocpca, hcrus kcpct
kotj`pcto `jgc kca cfct-cfct uatub bjpjrfuca pjayocpca mchca-mchca ctcu cfctcfct
uatub pjrlnmcca.

3<
 

K.  Yjrcfctca ycae Komutuhbca ko Fcmnrctnrou` Buftur Gcroaeca [u`muhca

An Ac`c Cfct Ec`mcr Duaeso

3 C Fc`oacr Bcmoajt ycae koeuacbca

Cordfnw uatub osnfcso, oanbufcso kca
Lcmoajt (FCD)  sumbuftur. Fc`oacr cor-dfnw
lcmoajt oao hcrus stjrof kca
mjmcs kcro kjmu ycae
kofjaebcpo kjaeca ZT,
fc`pu ajna kca mfnwjr.
Bcmoajt oao kcpct koecato
kjaeca jabcs (bntcb
tjrtutup ycae tjrmuct
kcrobclc ctcu tropfjb
kjaeca pjr`ubcca foloa
putoh. 

= Nvja Zatub `jaejroaebca cfct-

cfct sjtjfch kostjrofbca. 
kostjrofbca.  

< Cutnlfcvj Zatub `jastjrofbca cfct-

cfct sjpjrto mntnf buftur,
poasjt, slcfpjf, kca `jkoc
buftur

3;
 

;. @obrnsbnp Duaesoa c  ycotu uatub

`jfohct nmyjb ycae
mjr
jrub
ubur
urc ca `olrna.
Mocscayc koeuacbca pckc
buftur  
buftur ycae mchca

jbspfcaa csjpjrtomjruburca
`olrna buftur  
buftur
prntnp
ntnpffc , buftur
buftur   pnffja
kca fcoa-fcoa.

: Hntpfctj Mjrsc`c kjaeca storrjr

mjrpjrca uatub
`jaehn nejabca
sjaycwc-sjaycwc kcfc`
`jkoc buftur kca uatub
`j`cac bca `jkoc pckct
(cecr)

 
4 Fj`cro js Zatub jayo`pca stnb-
stnb  ` koc buftur cecr
tokcb llj
jpct ruscb

3:
 

5 ]cb Oabumcso Zatub `jfjtcbbca mntnf-

mntnf buftur sjtjfch prnsjs
pjacac`ca ycae kofjaebcpo
kjaeca fc`pu ajna sjmceco
su`mjr lchcyc, kofjtcbbca
pckc rucae mjrCL sjhoaeec
suhu tjrbnatrnf, kca hcrus
kogcec bjmjrsohcaayc. ]cb
kcpct tjrmuct kcro bclc
ctcu tropfjb ycae
pjr`ubccaayc putoh.

8 \hcbjr Cfct pjaeengne mntnf buftur

kca koeuacbca uatub

`jaenlnb jbspfca ycae
kotcac` pckc `jkoc buftur
lcor.

? Mntnf-mntnf Mntnf-mntnf tj`pct `jkoc

`jkoc kca uatub `jacac`
jbspfca buftur gcroaeca.

Zburca mntnf mjrvcrocso kca

kosjsucobca kjaeca
bjmutuhca buftur gcroaeca.
Yj`ofohca mntnf kouschcbca
ycae `ufut mntnfayc bjlof,
mjaoae kca tchca tjrhckcp
tjbcaca kca sushu toaeeo.

34
 

39 Lcwca Yjtro koduaesobca uatub

pj`mocbca mcbtjro kcfc`
`obrnmonfneo, sjmceco cfct
pjao`mcae sc`pfj, uatub
`jaejroaebca mchca
sc`pfj. Yckc buftur
gcroaeca Lcwca Yjtrokosh
koeuacbca uatub
wckch/tj`pct `j`ntnae-
`ntnae jbspfca

33 [o`mcaeca [o`mcaeca Cacfcytolcf

cacfotob Mcfcalj koeuacbca uatub

`jao`mcaec mchca-mchca
fcmnrctnrou`, \jpjrto pcrtobjf

ctcu mchca kcscr bo`oc.

[o`mcaeca Cacfytolcf mcfcalj
`j`ofobo bjuaeeufca kcfc`
cburcso pjaehotuaeca kjaeca
pjalcpcoca j`pct caebc
komjfcbcae bn`c kcfc` sctuca
erc` (9.9993 er),

3= Oalumctnr Oalumctnr ckcfch cfct uatub

`jaeoabumcso ctcu
`j`jrc` `obrnmc pckc
suhu ye tjrbnatrnf.

35
 

3< Ljaroduec Ljatroduej mjrduaeso uatub

prnsjs pj`oschca catcrc
fcrutca kca pckctca
(sjpcrcso) `jaeeuacbca
ecyc sjatroduecf kjaeca
bjljpctca rntcso tjrtjatu

3: Mjrduaeso uatub `jaeubur

YNLBJ[ ph
ph sjlcrc cburct
@J[J]

34 \pctufc koduaesobca uatub

\pctufc
`jaec`mof mchca bo`oc
ycae mjrmjatub pckct kca
kcpct kopcbco sjmceco
pjaeckub fcrutca.

38
 

35 Yoasjt koeuacbca uatub

Yoasjt
`jaec`mof ctcu `jacrob
mjmjrcpc sc`pjf. Duaeso
poasjt otu uatub `jagjpot
mjakc bjlof ctcu pua ycae
scaect fj`mjb(fj`mut), ckc
mjmjrcpc sc`pjf ctcu zct-
zct ycae tjrkcpct ko
fcmnrctnrou`` ycae mosc
`jayjmcmbca cfjreo ctcu
orotcso pckc `causoc.

38 [o`mcaeca [jbaos 9.93 e

[o`mcaeca
mjrduaeso uatub `jaeubur
9.93-399er
mjrct suctu mjakc kjaeca
bj`c`puca mclc 9.93e.
Zatub `jagcec cburcso
to`mcaeca pjrfu kofcbubca
bcfomrcso cfct kjaeca
stcakcrt Acsonacf.

3? Jabcsj koeuacbca uatub

Jabcsj
`jagcec rucae bjrgcuatub
stcmofotcs kca stjrofoscso
`jkoc cfct buftur gcroaeca. 

3?
 

=9 Ucrpoae pfcstol koeuacbca

Yfcstol Ucrp uatub `jautup mntnf kca
`jagcec suhu kca
bjfj`mcmca kcfc` mntnf,
sjhoaeec ukcrc kca bnakoso

fucr
`jaebnatc`oacso tokcb
bnakoso
mntnf. 

=3 Yopjt Yfcstob
Yopjt Yfcstob Yopjt koeuacbca uatub
`j`oakchbca sjgu`fch
lcorca kcro wckch sctu bj
wckch ycae fcoa.

== Yjaeckub bclc
Yjaeckub Yjaeckub bclc koeuacbca
Bclc uatub `jaeckub fcrutca-
fcrutca ycae ckc pckc buftur
 gcroaeca.

=< Lnrnae Ejfcs kca pjfcstob

Lnrnae Yfcstob koeuacbca uatub
`j`oakchbca lcorca kcro
wckch sctu bj wckch ycae
fcoa tjrutc`c pckc wckch
kjaeca mjrkoc`jtjr bjlof.
Duaajf guec kcpct
`j`mcatu pjaycroaeca
kjaeca `jacruh bjrtcs
scroae pckc `ufut lnrnae.

=9
 

=; Yj`mcbcr Muasja (Muasja

Cpo Muasja Murajr) \cfch sctu cfct
ycae mjrduaeso uatub
`jaloptcbca bnakoso ycae
stjrof ckcfch pj`mcbcr

muasja.
gcru` nsjZatub stjrofoscso
ctcu ycae fcoa,
mceoca cpo ycae pcfoae
lnlnb uatub
`j`ogcrbcaayc ckcfch
mceoca cpo ycae mjrwcrac
moru (pcfoae pcacs).

=: Ejfcs Zbur/Lyfoakjr
Ejfcs ubur koeuacbca uatub `jaeubur
vnfu`j fcrutca ycae
mjatubayc sjpjrto lnrnae
ctcupua ejfcs ycae
`j`puayco uburca vnfu`j
`ofofotjr mjrdcrocso. 

=4 \jmceco tj`pct
Bjrcagcae pjayo`pcaca mntnf buftur
mntnf buftur ycae tjfch kostrjrofoscso.

=5 \jmceco tj`pct
Fj`cro fcrutca pjayo`pcaca mjrmceco
bo`oc `clc` fcrutca bo`oc.

=3
 

J.  Kcdtcr Mchca Fcmnrctnrou` Buftur Gcroaeca [u`muhca

Mchca-mchca ycae kopjrfubca kca mocsc koeuacbca kcfc` `jtnkj buftur
 gcroaeca ckcfch `jkoc @\ (@urcshoej cak \bnne), ycae tjrkoro kcro

`cbrnautroja, `obrnautroja,votc`oa, orna, zct pjaectur tu`muh (WY[),

`ynoansotnf, subrnsc kca cecr. Mchca-mchca
Mchca-mchca sjpjrto `cbrnautroja, `obrnautroja,
votc`oa, zpt, kca orna mocscayc
mocscayc komuct
komuct kcfc` mjatub fcrutca stnb (`jkoc ycae
fjmoh pjbct), sjhoaeec pckc scct cbca `j`muct `jkoc, lubup `jaec`mof fcrutca
stnb ycae sukch komuct. Yj`muctca stnb mjrtuguca uatub `j`pjr`ukch
komcakoaebca sjtocp bcfo `j`muct
`j`muct `jkoc hcrus `jao`mcae Yckc pj`muctca
stnb `jkoc, pj`mjroca fcmjf pckc mntnf fcrutca stnb guec gcaeca sc`pco fupc kca
hcrus mjacr cecr `j`pjr`ukch pckc scct cbca `j`muct `jkoc buftur. \jfcoa
`jkoc buftur
buftur gcroaeca, ckc mjmjrcpc mchca ycae koeuacbca uatub stjrofoscso

jbspfca, kocatcrcayc ckcfch kjtjreja, cfbnhnf, lfnrnx, cquckjst stjrof, kca sporotus
ycae kcpct koeuacbca uatub stjrofoscso pjr`ubcca FCD ctcu uatub lcorca kcfc`
 muasja.
@jkoc @\ `jrupcbca `jkoc buftur gcroaeca ycae mcaycb koeuacbca uatub
`jaebufturbca mjrmceco gjaos tcac`ca, bcrjac `jkoc oao `jaecakuae uasur hcrc
`cbrn kca `obrn ycae fjmoh fjaebcp komcakoaebca pjaj`u-pjaj`u sjmjfu`ayc.
\jtjfch pjaj`uca `jkoc @\, mcaycb mjrbj`mcae `nkodobcso-`nkodobcso `jkoc
uatub tuguca tjrtjatu, lnatnh `jkoc Aotslh & Aotslh (3?4?) uatub buftur cathjr
kca `jkoc \H (\lhjab & Hokjmrcat) uatub buftur bcfus `nanbntof kca kobntof

@jkoc TU (Tcloa & Ujat) kca `jkoc nrecaob ycae koeuacbca uatub
 pjrmcaycbca caeerjb, sjrtc `jkoc UY@ (Unnky Yfcat @jkoc) uatub tcac`ca
 mjrbcyu, ctcu tcac`ca pjrku ctcu pnhna
pnhna mjrbcyu.

==
 

=<
 

D.  [ctc Bjfnfc Fcmnrctnrou`

Kcfc` `jfcbubca tctc bjfnfc/pjaejfnfcca fcmnrctnrou`, mjmjrcpc cspjb ycae
kopjrhctobca ycotu7

3.  Yjrjalcacca
Yjrjalcacca oao ko`cbsukbca uatub `jrjalcacbca bnasjp kcro suctu
fcmnrctnrou` otu sjakoro.Bcrjac sjmuch fcmnrctnrou` komcaeua uatub tuguca
tjrtjatu. Crtoayc sjmjfu` fcmnrctnou` otu komcaeua hcrus tchu kufu uatub
bjpjrfuca cpc kca uatub kopcbco socpc fcmnrctnrou` tjrsjmut.
Yjrjalcacca `jrupcbca sjmuch prnsjs pj`oborca ycae sostj`ctos, cacfotos,
fneos tjatcae bjeoctca ycae hcrus kofcbubca, fcaebch-fcaebch, `jtnkj, \K@,
tjacec kca kcac ycae komutuhbca uatub `jalcpco tuguca ycae tjfch kotjatubca
sjlcrc jdjbtod kca jdosoja.Yjrjalcacca oao ko`cbsukbca uatub `jrjalcbca

bnasjp kcro suctu fcmnrctnrou` otu sjakoro. sjmjfu` fcmnrctnou` otu komcaeua
hcrus tchu kufu uatub bjpjrfuca cpc kca uatub kopcbco socpc fcmnrctnrou`
tjrsjmut. @oscfayc fcmnrctnrou` ycae cbca koeuacbca uatub pj`mjfcgcrca
Monfneo ko \jbnfch @jajaech tjatuayc cbca `j`ofobo mjatub ycae mjrmjkc
kjaeca fcmnrctnrou` uatub pjajfotoca. Kj`oboca pufc, fcmnrctnrou` uatub
 pjajfotoca ctcu pjrlnmcca dosonfneo tu`muhca cbca mjrmjkc kjaeca
kjaeca fcmnrctnrou`
uatub jbnfneo.Yckc u`u`ayc mjatub, uburca kca tctc rucae suctu fcmnrctnrou`
kokjscoa sjkj`oboca rupc sjhoaeec pj`cbco fcmnrctnrou` `ukch `jfcbubca
cbtovotcsayc

=.  Yjactcca
[ctc fjtcb pjrcfctca ckcfch suctu mjatub uschc pjaecturca pjaj`pctca
 pjrcfctca ko fcmnrctnrou`, sjhoaeec fcmnrctnrou` tjrsjmut mjrwuguk kca
`j`jauho pjrsycrctca uatub mjrnpjrcso.
[ctc fjtcb pjrcfctca ckcfch suctu mjatub uschc pjaecturca pjaj`pctca
 pjrcfctca ko fcmnrctnrou`, sjhoaeec fcmnrctnrou` tjrsjmut mjrwuguk kca
`j`jauho pjrsycrctca uatub mjrnpjrcso. Bctc pjaecturca kcfc` bcfo`ct ko ctcs
`jaecakuae `cbac ycae scaect fucs, ycotu mchwc kcfc` `jwugukbca suctu
fcmnrctnrou` ycae fcycb npjrcso kopjrfubca pjaj`pctca pjrfctca ycae tjrsusua

ycae rcpo mjrkcscr bjpckc prnsjs kca fcaebch-fcaebch pjaeeuacca cbtovotcs

=;
 

kcfc` fcmnrctnrou` ycae kohcrcpbca, mjeotu pufc kjaeca kcjrch bjrgc hcrus
`j`ofobo fucs ycae `j`uaeboabca pjaeeuac, pjbjrgc, npjrctnr kcpct mjrejrcb
 mjmcs, c`ca kca ayc`ca, ko sc`poae fcfu foatcs mchca ycae cbca koeuacbca

kcpct sc`pco bj tj`pct bjrgc kjaeca `ukch kca fcalcr.

<.  Yjaeck`oaostrcsoca
Yjaeck`oaostrcsoca sjroae guec kosjmut sjmceco bjeoctca `jaeoavjatcros.
Oavjatcros ckcfch sutu bjeoctca kca uschc uatub `ayjkocbca lctctca tjatcae
bjckcca sj`uc dcsofotcs `cupua mcrcae-mcrcae ycae ko`ofobo.Lctctca oavjatcros
ycae mcob cbca `j`pjr`ukch pjrecatoca tcaeeuae gcwcm kcro pjaejfnfc ycae
sctu bj ycae fcoaayc. Oavjatcros guec cbca `j`pjr`ukch uatub `jaejtchuo
ko`cac suctu pjrcfctca cbca kotj`pctbca. Kjaeca kj`oboca cbca
`j`pjr`ukchbca pjaenatrnfca, sjpjrto tjrhckcp bjhofcaeca ycae kosjmcmbca

nfjh bjljrnmnhca ctcu bjluroca.

;.  Yjaec`caca, pjrcwctca, kca pjaecwcsca
Yckc kcscrayc pjaec`caca, pjrcwctca kca pjaecwcsca
fcmnrctnrou``jrupcbca tcaeeuae gcwcm mjrsc`c
mjrsc`c mcob pjaejfnfc `cupua
 pjaeeuac. @jaectur kca `j`jfohcrc fcmnrctnrou` `jrupcbca upcyc cecr
fcmnrctnrou` sjfcfu tjtcp mjrduaeso sjmceco`cac `jstoayc. \jkcaebca
upcyc `jagcec bjsjfc`ctca bjrgc `jalcbup uschc uatub sjfcfu `jaljech
bj`uaeboaca tjrgckoayc bjljfcbcca sjwcbtu mjbjrgc ko fcmnrctnrou` kca
 pjacaecaayc mofc tjrgcko bjljfcbcca. ]ucaeca fcmnrctnrou` ycae `j`jauho

stcakcr ckcfch scfch sctu dcbtnr uatub `jaehoakcro bjljfcbcca bjrgc.\ycrct

tjrsjmut `jfoputo bnakoso rucaeca, susuaca rucaeca, bjfjaebcpca pjrcfctca
bjsjfc`ctca, an`nr tjfjpna pjatoae (pj`ckc` bjmcbcrca, pjtuecs `jkos), kff.
E.  Cturca [ctc [jrtom Fcmnrctnrou` 
3.  Ckcpua pjrcturca kcscr fcmnrctnrou` ycotu sjmceco mjrobut 7
c)  [ctc [jrtom kcfc` Mjrpcbcoca Muscac ctcu pcbcoca ko fcmnrctnrou`
hjakcbfch `jaeobuto cturca sjmceco mjrobut 7
3)  Koffcrcae `j`cbco pjrhocsca ycae kcpct ruscb nfjh mchca bo`oc ,
sjpctu scdjty ycae tjrmubc ,sjpctu foloa ctcu mjrhcb toaeeo. Hcrus

=:
 

`jaeeuacbca sjpctu scdjty ycae `j`jauho stcakcr , mceo wcaotc hcrus

`jaeeuacbca sjpctu scdjty bhusus wcaotc.
=)  Ucaotc kca proc ycae `j`ofobo rc`mut pcagcae, rc`mut hcrus koobct,

bcrjac rc`mut pcagcae ycae tokcb tjrobct kcpct `jayjmcmbca

bjljfcbcca.
<)  Ycbcofch gcs prcbtobu`, scruae tcaeca kca pjfoakuae ycae fcoa kjaeca
 mcob `jsbopua pjaeeuacca cfct-cfct bjsjfc`ctca `jagckobca tokcb
ayc`ca mjbjrgc kjaeca mchca bo`oc mofc cakc mjbjrgc kjaeca mchca
bo`oc `cbc kopjrfubca pjrhctoca kca bjljr`ctca pjacaecacaayc.
Z`u`.
=.  Ckcpua pjrcturca ycae mjrfcbu u`u` ycotu7
c)  [okcb kopjrbjacabca `csub bj kcfc` rucae fcmnrctnrou` tcapc ozoa pjtuecs

fcmnrctnrou`.
 m)  @csub bj kcfc` rucae fcmnrctnrou` hcrus mjrpcbcoca rcpo kca snpca.  
l)  [okcb kopjrbjacabca `cbca, `oau`, kca `jrnbnb ko kcfc` rucae
fcmnrctnrou`. 
k)  Kofcrcae `jruscb kca `jaentnro rucae kca pjrcfctca fcmnrctnrou`. 
j)  Kofcrcae mjrmuct eckuh kcfc` rucae fcmnrctnrou`.  
d)  [okcb kopjrbjacabca `jaec`mof kca `j`oakchbca cfct/mchca kcfc`
rucaeca fcmnrctnrou` tcapc ozoa pjtuecs fcmnrctnrou`. 
e)  [okcb kopjrbjacabca `j`mjrobca/`j`oagc`bca cfct/mchca `ofob

fcmnrctnrou` uatub bjeoctca kofucr bjeoctca prcbtobu` `chcsoswc tcapc

sjpjaejtchuca Bjpcfc fcmnrctpnrou` 
<.  \jtocp pjaeeuac dcsofotcs Ocmnrctnrou` kohcrusbca `jatccto pjrcturca ycae
 mjrfcbu ko Fcm. Buftur Gcroaeca [u`muhca
[u`muhca catcrc fcoa7 
c)  @jakcpct ogoa kcro bjpcfc Fcm. Buftur Gcroaeca [u`muhca uatub mjbjrgc
kcfc` wcbtu ycae tjfch kosjpcbcto kjaeca `j`pjrto`mcaebca pjr`nhnaca
 pjaeeuac kca rucae foaebup pjajfotoca. 
 m)  Yjaeeuac dcsofotcs hcrus `j`chc`o monscdjty kca `jayjrchbca rjalcac
bjrgc prnpnscf pjajfotoca tjr`csub cfct-cfct
cfct-cf ct utc`c ycae cbca koeuacbca.

=4
 

l)  @jaehumuaeo Bjpcfc Fcmnrctnrou`, ko`cac pjaeeuac cbca `jfcbubca

bjeoctca pjajfotocaayc kca `jaeoso fne mnnb kcdtcr pjajfoto kca kcdtcr
 pj`cbcoca cfct.

k)  @j`chc`o lcrc bjrgc cfct/oastru`ja ycae cbca koeuacbca kjaeca

`jakcpct mo`moaeca Bjpcfc Fcm./tjbaoso ctcu pjauatua
pjauatua bjrgc (mubu
 pjtuagub).
j)  Kofcrcae `j`oakchbca cfct kca pnsoso ycae tjfch kotjatubca. Yj`oakchca
cfct bjlof kcpct koctur sjpjaejtchuca Bjpcfc Fcmnrctnaou` ycae
 mjrscaebutca.
d)  @jalctct bjhckorca ko Fcmnrctnrou` pckc mubu prjsjaso.
e)  @jalctct pj`cbcoca cfct pckc `csoae-`csoae mubu/fne mnnb ycae tjfch
kosjkocbca.

h)  Cpcmofc tjrgcko bjruscbca cfct, mcob bcrjac bjscfchca tctc bjrgc ctcu bcrjac
sjmcm-sjmcm fcoa, pjaeeuac dcsofotcs hcrus sjejrc `jfcpnrbca bjpckc
Bjpcfc Fcmnrctnrou` ctcu ycae mjrtcaeeuaegcwcm. Mocyc
Yjaeecatoca/pjrmcobca bcrjac bjscfchca pj`cbcoca sjpjauhayc
komjmcabca bjpckc pjaeeuac.
o)  \jtocp bcfo sjfjsco `jaeeuacbca cfct, pjaeeuac kohcrusbca `jajfoto
bjfjaebcpca cfct kca clljssnrojs cfct tjrbcot, sjrtc `j`mjrsohbca kca
`jaej`mcfobcaayc bj tj`pct sj`ufc.
 g)  Yjaeeuac dcsofotcs tokcb kopjrbjacabca `j`mcwc `cbcaca, `oau`ca kca

`jrnbnb ko rucae fcmnrctnrou`. [cs kotj`pctbca ko rcb/fnbjr ycae tjfch

kosjkocbca.
b)  \jfc`c mjbjrgc ko fcmnrctnaou` pjaeeuac dcsofotcs kohcrusbca
`jaeeuacbca gcs fcmnrctnrou` kca `j`pjrhctobca bjsjfc`ctca bjrgc ko
fcmnrctnrou`.
f)  Yjaeeuac dcsofotcs hcrus mjrtcaeeuaegcwcm ctcs bjmjrsohca, bjrcpoca kca
bjsjfc`ctca tj`pct bjrgc ycae koeuacbca kcfc` fcmnrctnaou`, tjr`csub
`j`ctobca Oostrob, brca cor, ecs sjtjfch sjfjsco mjbjrgc. Zatub `jaehoakcro
hcf-hcf ycae tokcb kooaeoabca, pjaeeuac kofcrcae `jaeeuacbca cfct-cfct

sjfcoa ycae komutuhbca.

=5
 

`)  Yjaeeuac dcsofotcs tokcb kopjrbjacabca `jayjrtcbca nrcae fcoa ycae tokcb
ko`oatcbca ogoa uatub obut mjbjrgc ctcu
ct cu `jauaeeu ko rucae fcmnrctnaou`.
a)  Yjaeeuac dcsofotcs kcpct `jaeeuacbca mchca bo`oc ko fcmnrctnrou` ctcs

 pjaejtchuca kcro fcmnrca, kca ycae mjrscaebutca `jalctct pj`cbcoca

 mchca ko fne
fn e mnnb. \jfcagutayc mocyc pjaeecatoca mchca bo`oc kosjfjscobca
kjaeca fcmnrca pckc scct pjajfotoca mjrcbhor.
n)  \jtjfch `jayjfjscobca sjfuruh bjeoctca fcmnrctnrou`, sj`uc pjrcfctca ycae
kopcbco kobj`mcfobca bj fcmnrca, kcfc` bjckcca mcob kca mjrsoh,
`j`mjrsohbca tj`pct bjrgc, `jaec`mof mcrcae-mcrcae ycae tokcb
kopjrfubca fceo kcro tj`pct-tj`pct pjayo`pcaca, mcob otu kcro drjjzjr,
bufbcs ctcupua cf`cro mchca kca `jayjfjscobcaayc kjaeca fcmnrca
 p)  Mceo pcrc pjaeeuac dcsofotcs fcmnrctnrou` Buftur Gcroaeca [u`muhca ycae

`jfcaeecr pjrcturca/tctc tjrtom ycae tjfch kotjtcpbca cbca kobjacbca scabso

 pjalcmutca ogoa bjrgcayc.
;.  [ctc tjrtom prcbtobu` buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca
Mjmjrcpc hcf ycae pjrfu kopjrhctobca sjmjfu` `jaeobuto prcbtobu` Buftur
Gcroaeca [u`muhca7
c)  @chcsoswc pjsjrtc prcbtobu` hcrus `jaeobuto sj`uc tnpob ycae
kosjfjaeecrcbca.
 m)  @chcsoswc ycae tokcb kcpct kctcae `jaeobuto clcrc prcbtobu`, hcrus oahcf,
kca `j`pjrsocpbca sjakoro mchca kca cfct ycae komutuhbca uatub tnpob

ycae mjrscaebutca.
l)  @chcsoswc cbca komceo kcfc` bjfn`pnb, tocp bjfn`pnb `j`oagc` cfct-cfct
ycae komutuhbca kca `j`pjrsocpbca sjecfc sjsuctu sjsuco kjaeca tnpob
 prcbtobu` kosjfjaeecrcbca hcro otu.
k)  \jtocp bjfn`pnb mjrtcaeeuaegcwcm ctcs
ctcs cfct-cfct ycae kopoagc`. Bjruscbca
ctcu hcf-hcf ycae `jayjmcmbca tokcb mjrduaesoayc cfct-cfct ycae kopoagc`
sjfc`c prcbtobu` mjrgcfca `jagcko tcaeeuae-gcwcm caeentc bjfn`pnb.
j)  \jtjfch sjfjsco prcbtobu`, sj`uc cfct ycae kopoagc` hcrus kobj`mcfobca
kcfc` bjckcca mjrsoh.

=8
 

H.  \tcakcr @utu Fcmnrctnrou` 

\tcakcr `utu fcmnrctnrou` `jfoputo7
3)  Knbu`ja suctu prnkub hcrus `jajrcaebca mchwc prnkub tjfch `j`jauho

 pjrsycrctca `utu ycae kotjtcpbca.

=)  \jkcaebca sjrtodobct hcsof ugo `utu prnkub otu sjakoro guec hcrus kobjfucrbca
nfjh fcmnrctnrou` pjaeugo ycae kocbuo ycotu fcmnrctnrou` pjaeugo ycae
tjrcbrjkotcso.
<)  Fj`mcec ycae mjrwjacae uatub `jfcbubca cbrjkotcso fcmnrctnrou` pjaeugo
ckcfch Bn`otj Cbrjkotcso Acsonacf (BCA).
;)  \ostj` kca pjfcbscacca cbrjkotcso fcmnrctnrou` oao koctur kcfc` pjkn`ca
ycae kotjrmotbca nfjh Mckca \tcakcrkoscso Acsonacf (M\A).
:)  Fcmnrctnrou` stcakcr ckcfch fcmnrctnrou` ycae `j`jauho brotjroc ycae

kotjtcpbca kcfc` stcakcr ycae koclu (O\N/OJL 359=: -=99:).

4)  Yjrsycrtca sjmuch fcmnrctnrou` stcakcr ycotu ckcayc pjaecbuca tjrhckcp
 pj`jauhca suctu stcakcr kca hcrus komubtobca `jfcfuo pjaofcoca bn`pjtjaso
nfjh pohcb jbstjracf `jfcfuo prnsjs cbrjkotcso.
5)  \kcae kjdoaoso cbrjkotcso ckcfch prnsjkur ycae koeuacbca nfjh fj`mcec ycae
 mjrwjacae kcfc` `j`mjrobca pjaecbuca dnr`fc mchwc suctu oastotuso ctcu
sjsjnrcae `j`puayco bj`c`puca uatub `jfcbubca bjeoctca tjrtjatu.
8)  Yjajrcpca stcakcr fcmnrctnrou` mjrsodct subcrjfc crtoayc mnfjh obut ctcu tokcb
 guec tokcb bcrjac tokcb ckc bjwcgomca.

?)  [uecs kcro fcmnrctnrou` `jaurut stcakcr O\N/OJL 359=: “ =99: sjsuco
kjaeca bn`pjtjasoayc komceo `jagcko kuc ycotu7 fcmnrctnrou` pjaeugo kca
fcmnrctnrou` bcfomcrcso.
39)  \uctu prnkub ycae komutuhbca nfjh pohcb fcoa uatub bjpjatoaeca bjeoctca
sjpjrto pjrkcecacea, pjakokocba kca pjajfotoca `j`ofobo mubto mjrupc
sjrtodobct hcsof ugo/bcfomrcso.
33)  \jkcae kjdoaoso kcro sjrtodobcso ckcfch prnsjs ycae koeuacbca nfjh pohcb
bjtoec uatub `j`mjrobca gc`oaca tjtufos mchwc suctu prnkub, prnsjs ctcu
 gcsc `j`jauho pjrsycrctca ycae kotjtcpbca.

=?
 

  Fcmnrstnrou` Yjaeugo 


-  Nrecanfjptob. - ]ckocso.
-  @jbcaobc. - Cbustob.

-  Bo`oc. - Tomrcso.
-  Monfneo. - Nptob.
-  Fostrob. - Ycacs.
-  Yjaeugoca tokcb `jruscb. - Bfoaob.
  Fcmnrctnrou` Bcfomrcso


-  Cbsjfjrn`jtro. - Nptob kca Dntn`jtrob

-  Cbustob - [jbcaca kca Tcbu`
-  Ko`jasonacf - ]ckonfneo
-  Ecyc - [jbsur Yjr`ubcca

-  Cforca - \uhu
-  Bjbjrcsca - Ucbtu kca Drjbujaso
-  Bjfj`mcmca - Tomrcso
-  Dfubs @ceajt - Tosbnsotcs
-  @cssc - Tnfu`j

<9
 

MCM OOO
YJAZ[ZY

C.  Bjso`pufca
Fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca ckcfch fcmnrctnrou` ycae koeuacbca bhusus
kcfc` pjajfotoca `jaebufturbca gcroaeca tu`muhca. Yjrtu`muhca jbspfca kcfc`
buftur gcroaeca kouschcbca kcfc` foaebuaeca ycae csjptob kca tjrbjakcfo.
Buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca ctcu [ossuj Lufturj `jrupcbca suctu `jtnkj
`jau`muh bj`mcaebca mceoca
mceoca tu`muhca, mcob mjrupc sjf, gcroaeca ctcu nreca
kcfc` bnakoso csjptol ctcu mjmcs kcro `obrn nrecaos`j. @jtnkj oao kofcbubca
sjlcrc oa votrn kcfc` tcmuae ctcu mntnf `jagcko tu`muhca ycae fjaebcp mceoca-
 mceocaayc.
Fcmnrctnrou` Buftur Gcroaeca [u`muhca tjrkoro kcro rucaeca-rucaeca ycae
koposchbca mjrkcscrbca duaesoayc, ycotu ]ucae Yrcbtobu`, ]ucae Knsja, ]ucae
Cacfosc, ]ucae Yjrsocpca, ]ucae [rcasdjr/[cac`, ]ucae Buftur/Oabumcso kca
]ucae [o`mcae/Mchca Bo`oc. Yj`cbco fcmnrctnrou` hjakcbayc `j`chc`o tctc
fjtcb ctcu fcynut mcaeuaca fcmnrctnrou`. Yj`mcaeuaca suctu fcmnrctnrou` tokcb
kopjrlcycbca mjeotu scgc bjpckc sjnrcae crsotjbtur mcaeuaca.
@jaejtchuo Yjrcfctca kca mchca ycae Komutuhbca ko Fcmnrctnrou` Buftur
Gcroaeca [u`muhca.
Kcfc` `jfcbubca tctc bjfnfc/pjaejfnfcca fcmnrctnrou`, mjmjrcpc cspjb ycae
kopjrhctobca ycotu pjrjalcacca, pjactcca, Yjaeck`oaostrcsoca
Yjaeck`oaostrcsoc a kca Yjaec`caca,
 pjrcwctca, kca pjaecwcsca

<3
 

KCD[C] YZ\[CBC

Ctycs Yutry. =93<,

=93<,   https7//www.jkunafoajprnerc`.ln`/=933/3=/hcf-hcf-cpc-scgcycae-
Hcf-hcf ycae pjrfu kopjrhctobca ko kcfc` fcmnrctnrou` (nafoaj)
 pjrfu.ht`f. Ko cbsjs pckc Hcro \jfcsc 3= @jo =9=9. pubuf 33738
UO[C.

Lhoatcrc, Eonvcao =93<.  pjaejacfca ruace fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca 

gcroaeca  (nafoaj)
https7//www.clckj`oc.jku/<;?::?:</pjaejacfca^rucae^fcmnrctnro
u`^buftur^gcroaeca.Ko cbsjs pckc Hcro \jfcsc 3= @jo =9=9 pobuf
3:733UO[C.
Jshcdfnrc. =934. cfct kca mchca uatub butur gcroaeca  gcroaeca  (nafoaj)
https7//jshcdfnrc.wnrkprjss.ln`/=934/39/=4/cfct-kca-mchca-uatub-
buftur-gcroaeca/. Ko cbsjs pckc Hcro \jfcsc 3= @jo =9=9. Yubuf
3:7=< UO[C.

Hcrchcp . =93= .  pjaejacfca fcmnrctnrou` buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca (nafoaj)

http7//stcddajw.uay.cl.ok/upfnck/3<=<=48?8/pjaecmkoca/pjaejacfc
a-fcm-bufgcr.Ko cbsjs pckc Hcro ]cmu 3< @jo =9=9. Yubuf 337=8 UO[C.

@otrc. =934. buftur gcroaeca (nafoaj)

gcroaeca (nafoaj) www.bufturgcroaeca.ln`.Ko cbsjs pckc Hcro
]cmu 3< @jo. Yubuf 337:9 UO[C. 

Yrcyuko`crtc. =93;.  pjaejacfca fct kca rucaeca buftur gcroaeca 

gcroaeca  (nafoaj)
https7//prcyuko`crtc.wnrkprjss.ln`/=93;/9=/3:/pjaejacfca-cfct-
kca-rucaeca-buftur-gcroaeca/. Ko cbsjs pckc Hcro ]cmu 3< @jo
=9=9. Yubuf 3=7:: UO[C.

T Hjauhofo. =93= .  pjtuagub prcbtobu` buftur gcroaeca tu`muhca 

tu`muhca  (nafoaj)
http7//stcddajw.uay.cl.ok/3?5839===9393==99
http7//stcddajw.uay.cl.ok/3?5839===9393==993/pjakokobca/pj
3/pjakokobca/pjtYrcbt+Buftu
tYrcbt+Buftu
rGcroaeca+=93=. Ko cbsjs pckc Hcro ]cmu 3< @jo =9=9. Yubuf 337=;
UO[C.

<=