INDUSTRIAL ECONOMICS AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT

Creative Assignment on

“UPCYCLED PLASTIC CONCRETE PAVERS”

Session: 2021-2022

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

S.B. JAIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH,

NAGPUR.

Subject teacher’s Name

Prof. Amit Tajne Sir

Content

Sr. No. Topic

1. General Information

2. Executive Summary

3. Introduction

4. Project Description

5. Marketing Plan

6. Operational cost

7. Management Plan

8. Financial and Technical Aspects

9. Implementation

10. CSR

11. Conclusion

Members:-

Sr No Name of members Roll No

1 BHIMSEN LAXMIKANT BAGHELE ME19011(A)
2 KARTIK ISHUPAL PARDHI ME19013(A)
3 LAXMIKANT FATTESINGH PATLE ME19025(A)
4 SANDESH RAMCHANDRA RAUT ME19012(B)
5 SANDIP SANJAY TEMBHARE ME19030(B)
General Information:-

Background of the project

The growth rate of the construction industry across India was estimated to be 5.65 percent from the budget year 2015 to
2020, up from about 2.95 percent from budgets year 2010 to the budget year 2015. In January 2019, India's construction
sector had a contribution of over 2.7 trillion Indian rupees to the country's GDP.
The current population of India is 1,399,538,124 as of December 17, 2021, (based on interpolation of the latest United
Nations data). The increase of population in the world has led to the generation of a large number of waste products such
as waste plastic. These waste plastics will remain in the environment for hundreds of years, this has become an inevitable
problem in the present world. There is an immediate need for a solution to such a problem. To bring down the waste
products many methods have been proposed and one of them is the usage of this waste plastic in concrete which may
reduce the environmental problems up to a certain extent.
In 2019, India was the second-largest producer of cement in the world. The country had about eight percent of the global
installed capacity that year. Consumption of cement at this time stood at around 328 million metric tons. This is attributed
to an increase in construction works.
Cement and aggregates are the most important constituents. The application of the industrial by-products in concrete as
partial replacement of cement or partial replacement of aggregate can control the environmental problems or constraints.
Our project aims at using this waste plastic and waste clay products as a replacement of coarse aggregate and prepare the
footpath tiles or pavers .

Presently, clay product materials are used abundantly for various purposes like flooring, walling, and kitchenwares while
plastic bottles are used for chemical packages, portable water, etc. As the usage increases, so do the production of this
waste plastic has become the most common material since the beginning of the 20th century and modern life is
unthinkable without it. Unfortunately, what makes it so useful, such as its durability, lightweight, and low cost, also
makes it problematic when it comes to its end of life phase due to its non-biodegradable nature. The re-use and recycling
are minimal. Recycled clay products and plastic fibers aggregate are seen as possible substitutes for conventional natural
aggregate in concrete.

Project justification

Concrete is one of the best choices of construction material in many countries today. This has increased the fast
vanishing of natural resources. It could be worth experimenting with the use of plastic waste in concrete to overcome the
duel issues of shortage of raw material and safe disposal of plastic waste. An attempt has been made to study the
possibility of disposing of waste plastic as cement in concrete. In this study waste plastic mix concrete is also used to get
the advantages of plastic in concrete. An experimental study was carried out with concrete tiles to evaluate the
mechanical properties of waste plastic mixed concrete with and without the addition of fiber. Cement is replaced with
plastic waste at a dosage of 10% to 15% by mass which is the optimum percentage without considerable reduction in
strength. Thus, it is inferred that replacement of cement by plastic waste up to 35% can be adopted so that disposal of
used plastic can be done as well as deficiency of natural aggregate can be managed effectively. As the volume of waste
plastic in concrete increases there was an increase in compressive strength, hence observed that up to 35% of replacement
of waste plastic by cement in concrete tiles increases compressive strength.

Benefits of recycled clay products

(a) They can offer distinct engineering benefits over traditional aggregates.
(b) They can be used as an alternative to primary materials thereby reducing the environmental burden on extraction.

Advantages of using plastics in concrete

(a) Lighter weight than competing materials reducing fuel consumption during transportation.
(b) Resistance to chemicals, water and impact.
(c) Unique ability to combine with other materials like aluminum foil, paper, adhesives.
(d) Reduction of municipal solid wastes thus reducing the use of landfills for disposal.
Significance of the research

The research has shown concrete with crushed clay bricks and plastic fibers contributes to a reduction in unit weight.
This would provide a viable alternative to normal weight concrete for applications in areas such as partition wall panels,
facades thus reducing the weight of the building and reducing in sizes of bases and columns.

From the research findings, the compressive strength results for concrete with clay bricks and plastic fibers were generally
between 0.85-1.289N/mm^2. Therefore, concrete with clay bricks and plastic fibers would be recommended for
application in areas requiring non-structural concrete such as ground floor slab, precast concrete, curbs, channels, canal
linings, pathways, and footpaths.

The addition of waste plastic gives high compressive strength as compared to normal tiles. The compressive strength
increases up to 45% by replacement of cement by waste Plastic and voids should be partially filled. It was found that
workability with 5% & 10% of replacement of cement by waste plastic was not possible. It was noticed that there was a
reduction of compressive strength in waste plastic concrete tiles of about 45% above compared to normal concrete tiles.
There was an increase in compressive strength up to 35% of replacement of waste plastic by cement in concrete tiles.
Executive summary
Introduction
Project Description
Raw materials

1. Portland Cement Grade C20; ACC ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENT

2. Water less than 2000 ppm of total dissolved solids, Tirora
Municipality Water Supply Department
3. Aggregate (river sand) 19mm-4.75mm, From Bed of Wainganga River
4. Crushed clay products 19mm-4.75mm, waste clay products from clay products
manufacturing company
5. Plastic bottles (polyethylene terephthalate) From plastic manufacturing companies and waste recycling
(PET) companies

Procedure

Portland cement : Water Aggregate Clay Products Plastic bottles

0.55 : 1

Sieving from a Crushing Shreding

sieve of 4.75mm

Sieving from a Sieving from a

sieve of 4.75mm sieve of 4.75mm

Extruder

Tile Press

1500 tiles everyday

Our Products
1.Heavy Duty pavers

Details : Thickness = 60mm thick.

Best for roads and operation areas of heavy machinery.

Ideally most suitable for parking areas not commonly

frequented by heavy trucks

2.Moderate Duty Pavers

Details : Thickness = 40mm thick.

Best for commercial premises like malls ,offices etc.

3.Light Duty Pavers

Details : Thickness = 30mm thick.

Best for footpaths and household compounds in areas

where there is no heavy machinery traffic.

According to estimation our tiles of thickness 30mm-60mm will cost Rs 500/sqmetre. The current market rate of
rectangular concrete tiles is Rs 300-450 /sqmetre. This difference in price can be countered by the benefits of our upcycled
tiles which are :1) The tiles are much suitable then normal concrete tiles on marshy land at places with humid
environment. 2) The effective use of clay products and plastics wastes in concrete in order to prevent the ecological and
environmental strains they cause, thus limiting the amount of environmental degradations.3)The mortar used to build
these tiles can also be used for applications such as non-structural concrete such as ground floor slab, precast concrete,
kerbs, channels,& canal linings. 4)These tiles are 5 times lighter and 2 times stronger than normal concrete footpath tiles
due to the inorganic influence given by plastics.

The location of our site close to a dump yard and a river shore will be highly advantageous. As for a company which
upcycles waste the two most prominent deficit factors are cost of waste transportation and segregation. Since the later
needs people's co-operation on waste segregation a site closer to plastic recycling companies or dump yard will provide
our workers continuous source of plastic bottles.
Marketing Plans

Operating costs

Management Plan

The workers for segregation of plastic and its shredding,

CEO
crushing of clay products, using the extruder and tile
press machine will be supervised by the production
supervisor.
Transportation Production Finance
Manager Supervisor Manager
The drivers of transportation vehicles and maintenance
of company vehicles will be the
of vehicles will be the responsibility of the transportation manager.

The payment of all types of bills (electricity bill, water bill, machine and vehicle repair bill), the filing of income tax
returns and maintaining account of funds will be the responsibility of the finance manager.

All the managers and supervisor must report daily progress to the CEO and bringing new plans for the project and
marketing of the goods will be the responsibility of the CEO.

Technical Aspects
Implementation

CSR
Employment and Other Opportunities.

Conclusion