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Network Devices and Communication: Athar Tanveer
Network Devices and Communication: Athar Tanveer
COMMUNICATION
OUTLINES
✓ Transmission Media
✓ Communication Standards
✓ Network Devices
TRANSMISSION MEDIA
❖ Guided Media
❖Guided Transmission Media uses a "cabling" system that guides the data signals
along a specific path. The data signals are bound by the "cabling" system. Guided
Media is also known as Bound Media.
❖There re three basic types of Guided Media:
Twisted pair
Coaxial cable
Optical fiber
❖ Unguided Media
❖Unguided Transmission Media consists of a means for the data signals to travel but
nothing to guide them along a specific path. The data signals are not bound to a
cabling media and as such are often called Unbound Media.
Twisted pair
Each pair would consist of a wire used for the positive data signal and negative data signal.
Cables with a shield are called Shielded Twisted Pair and commonly abbreviated STP. Cables
without a shield are called Unshielded Twisted Pair or UTP.
UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR (UTP) CABLE
Coaxial Cable consists of two conductors. The inner conductor is held inside an insulator with the
other conductor woven around it providing a shield.
The distance between the outer conductor (shield) and inner conductor plus the insulating material
determine the cable properties or impedance.
Typical impedances for coaxial cables are 75 ohms for Cable TV, 50 ohms for Ethernet.
COAXIAL CABLE
Optical fiber
Optical Fiber consists of thin glass fibers that can carry information at frequencies in the visible
light spectrum and beyond.
The typical optical fiber consists of a very narrow strand of glass called the Core. Around the Core
is a concentric layer of glass called the Cladding.
Coating the cladding is a protective coating consisting of plastic, it is called the Jacket
FIBER CABLES
Noise immunity: RFI and EMI immune (RFI - Radio Frequency Interference, EMI -Electromagnetic Interference)
Limited physical arc of cable. Bend it too much & it will break!
Difficult to splice
At higher transmission capacity, it is cheaper than copper. At lower transmission capacity, it is more expensive.
The following table shows the bandwidths for the different guided transmission media
WIRELESS NETWORKS
A wireless LAN or WLAN is a wireless local area
network that uses radio waves as its carrier.
The last link with the users is wireless, to give a network
connection to all users in a building or campus.
The backbone network usually uses cables
The wireless LAN connects to a wired LAN
•Wi-Max
•Emerging technology that can cover ranges
up to 10 miles or more
•Satellite/Microwave
•High speed media used for longer
distances and remote locations
NETWORKING DEVICES
DOMAINS
Collision Domain:
A collision domain is the area of a
network in which participants
share a transmission medium.
Broadcast Domain:
A broadcast domain is the area
of network in which participants
send message to all
recipients/receivers.
HUB
Traditionally, hubs are used for star topology networks, but they
are often used with other configurations to make it easy to add
and remove computers without bringing down the network.
CSMA/CD is one such technique where different stations that follow this
protocol agree on some terms and collision detection measures for effective
transmission. This protocol decides which station will transmit when so that
data reaches the destination without corruption.
BRIDGE
Connects two LANs and forwards or filters data packets
between them.
Routers are the only one of these four devices that will
allow you to share a single IP address among multiple
network clients.
How many are collision domains and broadcast domains in above diagram?
ADDITIONAL NETWORK HARDWARE DEVICES
Network Interface Cards (NICs)
Puts the data into packets and transmits packet onto the network.
Gateway
Connects networks with different protocols like TCP/IP network and IPX/SPX networks.
Proxy server
The user first access the proxy server and the proxy server accesses the internet and retrieves the
requested web page or document. The user then gets a copy of that page from the proxy server.
THANK YOU
ANY QUESTION ?